Bibliografie tematiche / Orthokinesis

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Orthokinesis"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 3 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Orthokinesis"

Journal, Baghdad Science. "The Kinetic responses and foraging behavior of Drosophila melanogaster larvae". Baghdad Science Journal 4, n. 3 (2 settembre 2007): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.4.3.458-467.

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Adaptive responses in larval behavior may be of two kinds: Taxis: This involves a change in direction relative to source of a stimulus. Kinesis: Kinesis has no directional component, but involves change in the rate of performance in response to a stimulus. Drosophila larvae exhibited flexible behavioral responses associated with food acquisition and selection for different environmental conditions. In this investigation, we are concerned explosively with kinetic responses to food viability. Third instar larvae were subjected to test for thirty minutes in each of the following conditions i) in distilled water, ii) in Ringer's solution, iii) in glucose solution and on live yeast suspension. In each case the larva was in a thin layer of solution, or suspension over agar gel. On non – nutritive substrates, such as distilled water the predominant behavior is locomotion accompanied by exploratory movements foraging for food. When food is encountered the predominant behavior shifts from locomotion to feeding by sustained rhythmic scooping with the mouth hooks. Locomotore activity remains constant on yeast but immediately rises on transfer to Ringer's solution over the observation period. This is orthokinesis. On transfer to glucose solution larvae again show the instant rise in locomotion, but remains at a constant level with no evidence of an orthokinetic response. Feeding activity rate remains constant on yeast whereas in Ringer's solution we observe another kinetic response, for which we propose the term fagokinesis. This response is not observed when larvae were transferred to glucose solution.

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Takle, G. B., e A. M. Lackie. "Chemokinetic behaviour of insect haemocytes in vitro". Journal of Cell Science 85, n. 1 (1 settembre 1986): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.85.1.85.

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Time-lapse microphotography was used to film the locomotory behaviour of cockroach haemocytes in vitro, and the cell tracks were analysed for speed and persistence; the percentage mobilization and the diffusion rate of the population were calculated. Haemocytes are either fast locomotor or spread moving cells, or non-motile spread or rounded cells; the first three types are plasmatocytes and their behaviour is interchangeable. Approximately 20% of the cells are motile under control conditions and there is no correlation between orthokinesis and klinokinesis. If activated haemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS), a source of components of the prophenoloxidase enzyme sequence, is added to the cell monolayer, up to 80% of the cells switch to fast locomotor behaviour, rounding up and moving faster and for longer in straight lines. Neither heat-inactivated HLS nor zymosan supernatant, used to activate HLS, had any effect. If the chemokinins present in activated HLS are also released in vivo on haemocyte activation or during cuticular wounding, then they and the induced changes in haemocyte adhesion could contribute to haemocyte recruitment to sites of infection.

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Vicker, M. G. "The regulation of chemotaxis and chemokinesis in Dictyostelium amoebae by temporal signals and spatial gradients of cyclic AMP". Journal of Cell Science 107, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1994): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.107.2.659.

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The tactic and kinetic locomotion of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae were examined in cyclic AMP (cAMP) spatial gradient and temporal signal fields. The distributions of migrating cells were examined within 150 microns-thick micropore filters after incubation with different cAMP concentrations, [cAMP], applied in three ways across the fields: as positively or negatively developing gradients, generated either by increasing or decreasing the [cAMP] on one side of the filter, respectively, or as static, linear gradients after negative development. Chemotaxis was only induced by oriented, temporally increasing [cAMP]. Pulses propagated by molecular diffusion or mechanical flow were equally effective. Negatively developing cAMP gradients had no initial effect on cell accumulation. However, if the subsequent static spatial gradient was maintained by an infusion system, some gradients also induced cell accumulation, whose degree and direction depended on the gradient [cAMP]. The basis of this new effect was examined by tracking individual cells by computer-assisted videomicroscopy during locomotion in different [cAMP]. Cells produced a triphasic [cAMP]-dependent response, with optimal cell motility induced by 10–30 nM. The results demonstrate that cell accumulation either up-field or down-field in spatial gradients is governed by the field locations of the attractant concentrations that induce the relative locomotory maxima and minima in the gradient field. Cells perceive the ambient [cAMP], but cannot read the spatial gradient orientation in static or yet steeper regions of developing gradients. Accumulation in static spatial gradients is a function of klino- and orthokinesis, but chemotaxis requires an oriented cAMP pulse or impulse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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NEEMAN, RENATE L. "ORTHOKINETIC SENSORIMOTOR TREATMENT". Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 20, n. 3 (27 agosto 2010): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.1973.tb00643.x.

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Mumtaz, H. S., M. J. Hounslow, N. A. Seaton e W. R. Paterson. "Orthokinetic Aggregation During Precipitation". Chemical Engineering Research and Design 75, n. 2 (febbraio 1997): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/026387697523615.

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Song, L., G. H. Koopmann e T. L. Hoffmann. "An Improved Theoretical Model of Acoustic Agglomeration". Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 116, n. 2 (1 aprile 1994): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930414.

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An improved theoretical model is developed to describe the acoustic agglomeration of particles entrained in a gas medium. The improvements to the present theories are twofold: first, wave scattering is included in the orthokinetic interaction of particles and second, hydrodynamic interaction, shown to be an important agglomeration mechanism for certain operation conditions, is incorporated into the model. The influence of orthokinetic and hydrodynamic interactions introduce associated convergent velocities that cause particles to approach each other and collide. The convergent velocities are related with an acoustic agglomeration frequency function (AAFF) through a semi-statistical method. This function is the key parameter for the theoretical simulation of acoustic agglomeration.

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Hermans, J. J. "Orthokinetic coagulation due to oscillations". Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas 58, n. 2 (3 settembre 2010): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/recl.19390580208.

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Graham, N. J. D. "Orthokinetic flocculation in rapid filtration". Water Research 20, n. 6 (giugno 1986): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(86)90095-3.

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Ibuki, Aileen, Timothy Bach, Douglas Rogers e Julie Bernhardt. "The Effect of Tone-Reducing Orthotic Devices on Soleus Muscle Reflex Excitability while Standing in Patients with Spasticity Following Stroke". Prosthetics and Orthotics International 34, n. 1 (marzo 2010): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093640903476802.

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Orthoses are commonly prescribed for the management of spasticity but their neurophysiologic effect on spasticity remains unsubstantiated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of three tone-reducing devices (dynamic foot orthosis, muscle stretch, and orthokinetic compression garment) on soleus muscle reflex excitability while standing in patients with spasticity following stroke. A repeated-measures intervention study was conducted on 13 patients with stroke selected from a sample of convenience. A custom-made dynamic foot orthosis, a range of motion walker to stretch the soleus muscle and class 1 and class 2 orthokinetic compression garments were assessed using the ratio of maximum Hoffmann reflex amplitude to maximum M-response amplitude (Hmax:Mmax) to determine their effect on soleus muscle reflex excitability. Only 10 subjects were able to complete the testing. There were no significant treatment effects for the interventions (F = 1.208, df = 3.232, p = 0.328); however, when analyzed subject-by-subject, two subjects responded to the dynamic foot orthosis and one of those two subjects also responded to the class 1 orthokinetic compression garment. Overall, the results demonstrated that the tone-reducing devices had no significant effect on soleus reflex excitability suggesting that these tone-reducing orthotic devices have no significant neurophysiologic effect on spasticity.

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Ward, Mandy J., Kenny C. Mok e David R. Zusman. "Myxococcus xanthus Displays Frz-Dependent Chemokinetic Behavior during Vegetative Swarming". Journal of Bacteriology 180, n. 2 (15 gennaio 1998): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.180.2.440-443.1998.

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ABSTRACT Myxococcus xanthus has been shown to utilize both directed (tactic) and undirected (kinetic) movements during different stages of its complex life cycle. We have used time-lapse video microscopic analysis to separate tactic and kinetic behaviors associated specifically with vegetatively swarming cells. Isolated individual cells separated by a thin agar barrier from mature swarms showed significant increases in gliding velocity compared to that of similar cells some distance from the swarm. This orthokinetic behavior was independent of the frequency of reversals of gliding direction (klinokinesis) but did require both the Frz signal transduction system and S-motility. We propose that M. xanthus uses Frz-dependent, auto-orthokinetic behavior to facilitate the dispersal of cells under conditions where both cell density and nutrient levels are high.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Orthokinesis"

Merfield, Charles Norman. "Predator interactions within a trophic level : Phalangium opilio L. (Arachnida: Opiliones) and mites (Arachnida: Acari)". Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2000. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20060908.204153.

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This study investigated commensal feeding interactions between the European harvestman (P. opilio L.) and the predatory mites Balaustium spp. and Anystis baccarum L. It also investigated the feeding behaviour of P. opilio. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory using standardised temperature, humidity, photoperiod and experimental arenas, with eggs of the brown blowfly (Calliphora stygia F.) as prey facsimiles. Due to initial difficulties in obtaining enough predatory mites, mite feeding was manually simulated piercing blowfly eggs with a minuten pin. P. opilio consumed significantly more freeze-killed than live blowfly eggs, indicating that freezing induced chemical and/or physical changes to blowfly eggs that are detected by P. opilio. Significantly more manually pierced eggs were consumed by P. opilio compared with unpierced ones, demonstrating that piercing caused a chemical and/or physical to the egg and increased the feeding rates of P. opilio. Different densities of eggs had no effect on the numbers eaten by P. opilio and placing single pierced eggs next to groups of unpierced eggs also had no effect on the numbers of unpierced eggs eaten. These results suggest that P. opilio does not exhibit klinokinesis or orthokinesis to intensify its search for prey around the area where previous prey were located. P. opilio ate significantly more brown blowfly eggs that had previously been fed on by mites, demonstrating that a short term commensal interaction existed. However, further work is required to demonstrate if the relationship is commensal in the longer term. A comparison between hand-pierced and mite-pierced eggs showed that P. opilio ate significantly more of the former indicating that mite and hand piercing were quantitatively different. The potential for, and importance of, other commensal or mutual relationships between predators in agroecosystems is discussed. The lack of klinokinesis and orthokinesis in P. opilio is compared with other predators and parasitoids that do exhibit these behaviours. The means by which prey are detected by P. opilio are discussed in relation to interpreting behaviours such as prey inspection. Concerns about the effect of pre-treatment and handling of sentinel prey and the problems of using prey facsimiles are raised.

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Merfield, C. N. "Predator interactions within a trophic level : Phalangium opilio L. (Arachnida: Opiliones) and mites (Arachnida: Acari)". Diss., Lincoln University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/21.

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Brunet, Edouard. "Etudes de systèmes microfluidiques : agrégation de particules, électrocinétique linéaire, analyse de protéines". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007776.

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Après deux chapitres introductifs, ce manuscrit est divisé en trois parties independantes. (I) Nous étudions l'influence du cisaillement sur l'agrégation de particules paramagnétiques soumises à un champ magnétique parallèle à l'écoulement. Nous montrons que les chaines formées croissent linéairement suivant un modèle utilisant l'équation de Smoluchovsky. (II) Une étude théorique est menée afin d'étendre aux situations expérimentales rencontrées en microfluidique les relations décrivant les phénomènes électrocinétiques. Les symétries entre courant d'écoulement et électroosmose sont démontrées. L'approximation de couche de Debye fine est appliquée au courant d'écoulement puis utilisée pour décrire les structures des courants électriques et hydrodynamiques dans des géométries modèles. (III) Un système d'analyse de protéines est présenté, permettant l'identification d'un mélange de protéines. Il comporte un étage de séparation électrophorétique suivi d'une digestion enzymatique.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Orthokinesis"

Coupland, John, e Siva Vanapalli. "Orthokinetic Stability of Food Emulsions". In Food Emulsions. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203913222.ch9.

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Ives, K. J. "Coagulation and Flocculation Part II–Orthokinetic Flocculation". In Solid–Liquid Separation, 98–131. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-408-03765-5.50009-9.

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Hollander, E. D., J. J. Derksen, O. S. L. Bruinsma, G. M. van Rosmalen e H. E. A. van den Akker. "A Numerical Investigation into the Influence of Mixing on Orthokinetic Agglomeration". In 10th European Conference on Mixing, 221–29. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044450476-0/50029-7.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Orthokinesis"

Berk, H. R. "THE EFFECT OF SHEAR ON OLIGOMER FORMATION; EFFECTIVE REMOVAL OF MONOMERS". In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644220.

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Fibrin polymerization has been found to be influenced by shear flow conditions (Puryear,1980). In order to determine which mechanisms are responsible for theeffect reported it is necessary to look at the various stages in fibrin polymerization. It is known that the enzymatic attack of thrombin on fibrinogen is not influenced by shear (Sellers,1981). The next step, which is investigated in this study, is the oligomer-early protofibril stage.Fibrinogen (human, Kabi) is reacted with thrombin (human, Sigma) under Couette flow conditions (volume-averaged shear 0-250sec-l) in a pH 6.8, 4mM CaC12, HEPES buffered solution (I. S.-.15). The reaction time is chosen so that 6% of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) is released. The reaction is stopped by a 1,6 hexandiol-hirudin solution. The effect of shear on oligomer population is measured using large angle 1ightscattering techniques.In order to predict theoretical shear effects on oligomer formation, it is important to be able to predict the population size. This is done using Jamney’s (1983) predictions, for early reaction time, assuming q=16. Given a size distribution it is possible to apply low Reynold’s number hydrodynamic and Smoluchowski1 s( coagulation theories to predict possible shear affects.Hydrodynamic theory predicts no effect of shear on oligomer formation; Peclet numbers are too small. Smoluchowski coagulation theory, on the other hand, predicts that for oligomer sized particles in the shear range studied, orthokinetic (shear induced) coagulation becomes more important than peri kinetic (Brornian) coagulation.Results obtained from Zimm analysis show a dramatic increase in molecular weight, compared to the stagnant case, in the shear region corresponding to where orthokinetic coagulation dominates. The higher the thrombin concentration, the more extreme and earlier (i.e. lower shear) these effects are felt. After a peak is reached in molecular weight there is a sudden drop. This is caused by monomer exhaustion which shifts the population to a more homogeneous type. The concept of orthokinetic coagulation is important physiologically since it is advantageous to incorporate monomers onto fibers as quickly as possible.

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Yamaguchi, Eiichiro, e Ronald J. Adrian. "Theoretical and Experimental Study of Microchannel Blockage Phenomena". In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2003-1113.

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Microchannel blockage phenomena by hard, spherical particles have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The study was performed over a range of particle-to-channel diameter ratios of 0.14 < R < 0.65. Two mechanisms have been investigated: orthokinetic flocculation and hydrokinetic arching. Arching appears to be the main mechanism for large, hard particles. In the absence of Brownian motion and inter-particle repulsive forces, other than simple Hertzian contact force, the blockage phenomenon is described by three non-dimensional parameters, N, R and β. The mean total number of particles in the channel having length L is N. Ratio of a diameter of particle (dp) and a diameter of channel (D) is R. Blockage efficiency factor β is determined experimentally. The data shows that a critical value Nc exists as a function of R. N > Nc implies high likelihood of blockage; if N < Nc, blockages were never observed. The critical number decreases dramatically with increasing R. Blockages can occur at surprisingly low values of the volume concentration (φ). The experimental results matches well with the theory for the combinations of straight glass capillary, 76 < D < 156μm, 100mm-length, and spherical polymer particle, 22 < dp < 48μm.

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