Tesi sul tema "Organizations"
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Skogmalm, Martin. "Project Based Organizations: Strengths & Weaknesses". Thesis, Linnaeus University, Linnaeus School of Business and Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6408.
Testo completoBackground: Today companies operate in a market that increasingly is becoming global, and where technological development is advancing ever faster. Global competition, shorter product life cycles and constant reorganization of business puts increasing demands on companies and projects that are under their control. As a result of this trend more and more organizations in different industries are working on a project basis.
Objective: To identify and address the strengths and weaknesses of project based organizations.
Boundaries: Three business units within different companies will be analyzed in order to deduct a conclusion to the research question.
Method: A qualitative method has been used. The empirical material was analyzed based on theory.
Results: A project based organization promotes higher flexibility in comparison to a functional organization. The organizational structure of a project based organization provides employees with interesting tasks and the possibility to work in and learn from cross functional teams. Although this has a negative impact on ones work life balance. A key weakness is the organizational integration, which includes: knowledge management, implementation of strategies and focus beyond projects, resource coordination and human resource management.
Proposal for further research: An in-depth study on how project based organizations promote innovation.
Chouseinoglou, Oumout. "Organizational Learning Assessment In Software Development Organizations". Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614960/index.pdf.
Testo completoKrishnan, Neel. "Organizational images : towards a model of organizations". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74464.
Testo completoCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-94).
This study develops a general theoretical framework for the analysis of organizational behavior by focusing on the notion that organizations develop unique information-processing frameworks, which it labels "organizational images" or "images of operations," that strongly determine their behavior. The model is then used to draw inferences about the forms of counterinsurgency strategies practiced by the US military in the second war in Iraq and the war in Afghanistan. The paper argues that militaries tend to view the tasks they undertake in terms of the coercive application of force, and that this tendency tends to determine the forms of counterinsurgency strategies they chose, leading them to eschew strategies that rely on bargaining with enemy forces. The purported dominance of this coercive "image of operations" is then investigated in military field reports from the war in Afghanistan.
by Krishnan, Neel.
S.M.
Mirzataghi, Chaharmahali Sara, e Siadat Seyed Amir. "Achieving Organizational Ambidexterity : Understanding and explaining ambidextrous organizations". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-61262.
Testo completoNava, Lucrezia. "Organizations in nature: how nature shapes organizational practices". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671911.
Testo completoLos problemas de sostenibilidad ambiental, como el cambio climático, suelen ser de escala mundial pero necesariamente locales y materiales en sus manifestaciones. Sin embargo, la literatura sobre sostenibilidad y gestión ha prestado poca atención a cómo el entorno natural afecta a las organizaciones y sus operaciones. Un punto de vista emergente en la literatura sobre sostenibilidad retrata a las organizaciones como incorporadas a la naturaleza y permite una mirada más profunda a las interrelaciones locales entre las organizaciones y el entorno natural que las rodea. Esta tesis doctoral adopta esta perspectiva para comprender mejor cómo las organizaciones y sus miembros entienden e interpretan el entorno natural en el que están inmersas, y cómo estas interpretaciones dan forma a las prácticas organizativas. Para ello, se aplican metodologías de investigación cualitativas y cuantitativas para examinar hasta qué punto y cómo la experiencia directa de los fenómenos naturales, como los efectos del cambio climático o las catástrofes naturales, afecta a las respuestas y resultados de las organizaciones. Un primer estudio de métodos mixtos sobre productores de cacao en Brasil explora cómo los responsables de la toma de decisiones en contextos vulnerables experimentan las consecuencias del cambio climático y cómo sus diferentes interpretaciones dan forma a las respuestas adaptativas organizativas. Este estudio se centra en las respuestas organizativas inmediatas a los fenómenos naturales adversos. Un segundo estudio investiga empíricamente los efectos a largo plazo de la experiencia de los fenómenos naturales en los resultados organizativos. Basándose en el análisis de datos cuantitativos sobre empresas japonesas en el contexto del Gran Terremoto del Este de Japón, este estudio propone el concepto de crecimiento postraumático organizativo para captar el cambio emergente en los valores organizativos y la capacidad de respuesta a las necesidades sociales tras el desastre natural. Estos estudios se centran en las interrelaciones locales entre las organizaciones y el entorno natural en el que están inmersas. Si bien este enfoque contribuye a la creciente literatura sobre las organizaciones y el entorno natural, también implica el riesgo de perderse en la infinidad de especificidades e interpretaciones que caracterizan a cada contexto y que deben integrarse con la escala global de las cuestiones de sostenibilidad. Conciliar la escala local y la global, necesarias para abordar estos retos de sostenibilidad, no es nada trivial. Por ello, un tercer estudio pretende hacer una contribución teórica a las tensiones que surgen entre la aplicación local de prácticas sostenibles y la necesidad de coordinación global en el contexto de las normas voluntarias de sostenibilidad. En conjunto, los tres estudios de esta tesis doctoral pretenden contribuir en la interrelación local entre las organizaciones y el sistema natural en el que están inmersas, para entender cómo las interpretaciones organizativas de los fenómenos naturales locales afectan a las organizaciones y cómo pueden abordarse eficazmente las tensiones entre los niveles local y global. Los principales argumentos se basan tanto en la teoría como en las pruebas empíricas, con lo que se ofrece un enfoque metodológico global apto para realizar aportaciones sustanciales al estudio de las organizaciones y la natura.
Environmental sustainability issues, such as climate change, are often global in scale but necessarily local and material in their manifestations. Yet the sustainability and the management literature has paid little attention to how the natural environment affects organizations and their operations. A burgeoning view in the sustainability literature portrays organizations as embedded in nature and allows for a deeper look at the local interrelations between organizations and the surrounding natural environment. This Ph.D. thesis adopts this perspective to provide a better understanding of how organizations and their members understand and interpret the natural environment in which they are embedded, and how these interpretations shape organizational practices. To that purpose, qualitative and quantitative research methodologies are applied to examine to what extent and how the direct experience of natural phenomena, such as climate change effects or natural disasters, affects organizational responses and outcomes. A first mixed-methods study of cocoa producers in Brazil explores how decision makers in vulnerable contexts experience the consequences of climate change and how their different interpretations shape organizational adaptive responses. This study focuses on the immediate organizational responses to adverse natural phenomena. A second study empirically investigates the long-term effects of experiencing natural phenomena on the organizational outcomes. Based on analyzing quantitative data on Japanese companies in the context of the Great East Japan Earthquake, this study proposes the concept of organizational post-traumatic growth to capture the emerging change in organizational values and responsiveness to social needs following the natural disaster. These studies hone in on local interrelations between organizations and the natural environment in which they are embedded. While this approach contributes to the burgeoning literature on organizations and the natural environment, it also implies a risk to get lost in the myriad of specificities and interpretations that characterize each context and that need to be integrated with the global scale of sustainability issues. Reconciling the local and global scale that are both required to address these sustainability challenges is far from trivial. Therefore, a third study aims to make a theoretical contribution to the tensions emerging between the local implementation of sustainable practices and the need for global coordination in the context of voluntary sustainability standards. Together, the three studies of this Ph.D. thesis aim to delve into the local interrelation between organizations and the natural system in which they are embedded, to understand how organizational interpretations of local natural phenomena affect organizations and how tensions between local and the global levels can be effectively addressed. The main arguments are grounded in both theory and empirical evidence, thereby providing a comprehensive methodological approach apt to make substantial contributions to the study of organizations and the natural environment.
Bugador, Roderick. "Co-operative organizations : member participation and organizational orientation". Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136108.
Testo completoHong, Hae-Jung. "Multiculturals in organizations : Their roles for organizational effectiveness". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, Ecole supérieure des sciences économiques et commerciales, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESEC0005/document.
Testo completoThis dissertation explores multiculturals in global corporations. To date, limited research helps us understand the role of multicultural individuals in facilitating the effective functioning of global teams. To investigate this under-examined phenomenon, this dissertation presents the first empirical study of the roles of multiculturals in organizations by facilitating 10-month ethnographic field work in two MNCs: a leading cosmetic MNC and an auditing and consulting MNC. This dissertation comprises three papers. The first paper develops the theoretical model of bicultural competence and its impact on multicultural team effectiveness. I define bicultural competence, determine its antecedents, and identify two roles that bi/multiculturals might play in promoting multicultural team effectiveness: boundary spanner and conflict mediator. The second paper examines multiculturals’ cultural brokerage role for team work processes in global new product development teams: how multiculturals influence teams’ knowledge processes and handle cross-cultural conflicts (not only collocated but also virtual between corporate headquarters and local subsidiaries). Multiculturals play a critical role that influence knowledge processes and cross-cultural conflict management within global teams where cultural and national heterogeneity seems more complicated than organizational researchers have recognized to date. The third paper investigates boundary conditions and how they impact multiculturals to enact their roles. I compare and contrast multiculturals in two MNCs in different industries. In particular, I identify boundary conditions that have impact on multiculturals in three levels of analysis: organizational; team; individual. Furthermore, I propose what factors challenge or enable multiculturals and accordingly, how multiculturals overcome challenges and use given opportunities in order to perform effectively or yield such challenges in organizations
Ahmad, Sadaf. "Non-profit Organizations : Development of nonprofit organization’s sustainability reports". Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26554.
Testo completoSyfte: Denna studie syftar till att analysera och utvärdera tre ideella organisationer och hur deras hållbarhetsredovisning rapporter har förändrats och utvecklats mellan åren 2017 och2019. Studien analyserar hur parametrar i hållbarhetsredovisning rapporter har beaktats. Studien kommer också att analysera hur hållbarhetsredovisning rapporter möter intressenternas informationsbehov. Metod: Med hänsyn till uppsatsens syftet och frågeställningar har studien en kvalitativ ansats. Studien utgår ifrån en sekundärdata metod som är ett flexibelt och lämpligt tillvägagångssätt. Studien består också av empiriska studier som kommer att bidra till att stärka studiens kvalitet. Den insamlade datan i empirin har analyserats med underlag av den teoretiska referensramen. Teoretiska perspektiv: Den teoretiska referensram som uppsatsen bygger på är hållbarutveckling, hållbarhetsredovisning, triple bottom line och intressentteori. Empiri: De tre ideella organisationer som har undersökts i denna uppsats är Röda Korset, Rädda barnen och WWF. Resultat: Parametrarna under dimensioner, miljöansvar, socialt ansvar och ekonomiskt ansvar i respektive organisation har likheter. Till exempel ses miljökraven för inköp och upphandling i både Röda korsets och i Rädda barnens hållbarhetsrapporter. Ett annat exempel på likhet som kan ses i alla de tre organisationernas hållbarhetsrapporter är jämställdhet och mångfald. Organisationens fokus för olika parametrar i hållbarhetsrapporter beror på vilken typ av verksamhet de har. Utvecklingen av respektive organisations hållbarhetsrapporter under 2017har varit anmärkningsvärt. Före 2017 var Rädda barnen en pionjär när det gäller att presenterahållbarhetsrapporter. Medan Röda Korset och WWF började presentera hållbarhetsrapporter först år 2017. Alla de tre respektive organisationerna har enligt sin intressentanalys inkluderat alla parametrar som är viktiga för deras intressenter. De respektive organisationerna försöker genom sina dialoger med både interna och externa intressenter möter intressenternas behov av information.
Tsolmon, Urelmaa. "The Organizational Analysis of Non-Governmental Development Organizations (NGDOs)". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd521.pdf.
Testo completoMustard, Kimberley Ann. "Organizations and communication technologies, a study of organizational adaptation". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq55165.pdf.
Testo completoHall, Christopher Aaron 1964. "Organizational Support Systems for Team-Based Organizations: Employee Collaboration through Organizational Structures". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279218/.
Testo completoKhan, Mahin. "Organizational Democracy and Women's Empowerment: An Examination of Four Advocacy Organizations in Bangladesh". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47600.
Testo completoPh. D.
King, Ivis Renee. "Organization Sustainability Strategies among Small Nonprofit Organizations in Metropolitan Atlanta". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2017. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/87.
Testo completoYoung, Lester, Thomas Lee II Harris e Thomas E. Reynolds. "Organizational strategic planning and execution: should governmental organizations rely on strategic planning for the success of the organization". Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10230.
Testo completoStrategic planning in both Government and private organizations is a standard practice for improving the organization's overall performance. However, there are several studies that indicate the effectiveness of the strategic planning and execution process in private industry is questionable in many cases and for various reasons. At times, the utilization of this tool yields positive results in many companies and organizations. On the other hand, the strategic plan is not utilized and becomes a costly paperweight on a table in the executive suite. Nonetheless, Government agencies have embraced the private sector's ideology of employing the strategic plan and have plowed headlong into the use of this methodology. The goal is to provide the organization with a tool that could help change or improve the direction of the organization. This project examines the implementation of strategic planning in several Government organizations that lacked the requisite direction and vision necessary to improve their performance. Accordingly, this research uncovers difficulties that some Government (Federal) agencies experienced before the implementation of strategic planning. We made note of the strong leadership and visioning that was key in guiding some of the organizations through the development of the strategic planning process. Overall, this project focuses on factors that led to new directions for Government organizations that were in dire need of this tool. It also focuses on the relationship between these factors and the degree of publicness of the agencies, and points out and describes techniques used by Federal agencies to overcome those difficulties and improve their performance.
Lin, Yue Beyerlein Michael Martin. "Cultural implications of self-other agreement in multisource feedback comparing samples from U. S., China, and globally dispersed teams /". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3947.
Testo completoBeagles, Jonathan E., e Jonathan E. Beagles. "Organizational Values and the Network Governance of International Nongovernmental Organizations". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625854.
Testo completoHormann, Shana D. Lynn. "Organizational Trauma: A Phenomenological Study of Leaders in Traumatized Organizations". [Yellow Springs, Ohio] : Antioch University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc_num=antioch1189697655.
Testo completoTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed August 1, 2008). Advisor: Carolyn Kenny. "A dissertation submitted to the Ph.D. in Leadership and Change program of Antioch University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2007."--from the title page. Keywords: organizational trauma, phenomenology, sexual assault, non-profit leadership, organization development, spirituality, secondary trauma Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-208).
Smith, Natalie L., e B. Christine Green. "Examining the Factors Influencing Organizational Creativity in Professional Sport Organizations". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2404.
Testo completoChenot, David. "ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND RETENTION IN PUBLIC CHILD WELFARE SERVICES ORGANIZATIONS". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1169849653.
Testo completoDavis, Charlotte d. "Exploring the bases of organizational culture within college student organizations /". The Ohio State University, 1985. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487259125219938.
Testo completoLowe, Harrison T. "Analyzing the design of terrorist organizations : using the Organizational Consultant /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FLowe.pdf.
Testo completoThesis Advisor(s): Carl Jones, Ray Buettner. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93). Also available online.
Shackelford, Kelsey. "COLLABORATIVE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES AMONG ARTIST MEMBER AND OTHER RELATED ORGANIZATIONS". UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cld_etds/44.
Testo completoTollefsen, Deborah Perron. "Interpreting organizations /". The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486459267522019.
Testo completoVenters, Cassy Dierking. "Faciltating knowledge transfer in organizations /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3137760.
Testo completoWarida, Mokhtar Gamil. "Legalization in International Organizations : The Case of the World Trade Organization". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531462.
Testo completoGeorgiadis, Elliot Erin. "ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE THEORY AND FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS: APPLYING MEASURES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE THEORY TO THE SORORITY CONTEXT". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1566227238796242.
Testo completoTilcsik, Andras. "Remembrance of Things Past: Individual Imprinting in Organizations". Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10503.
Testo completoOZGULER, MUSTAFA. "COMPARING AND ASSESSING THE PREPAREDNESS OF POLICE ORGANIZATIONS IN COUNTER-TERRORISM (NETHERLANDS AND UNITED KINGDOM)". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1219738755.
Testo completoNorander, Stephanie N. "Peaceful Alternatives: Women's Transnational Organizing In Post-Conflict Areas". Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1219374638.
Testo completoKalamata, Glykeria. "Organizational Culture, Justice, Equality and Change in Youth Organizations : The success story of the non-governmental organization 'System and G'". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-149004.
Testo completoHughes, Michael Wesley. "Implementing ERP in manufacturing organizations : improving success through managing organizational change". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29332.
Testo completoRashman, Lyndsay Jane. "Organizational knowledge and capacity for service improvement in UK public organizations". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1062/.
Testo completoKatungu, Christopher. "Emotional intelligence, job insecurity and organizational commitment in organizations in Sweden". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75161.
Testo completoWapner, Stephanie. "Organizational Identification and Alumni Giving: The Role of External Student Organizations". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500587887267762.
Testo completoBreul, Rainer. "Organizational Learning in International Organizations the case of UN peace operations /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB12168061.
Testo completoRandy-Cofie, Adjoa. "Relationships Between Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Ghanaian Organizations". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4752.
Testo completoRydesky, Mary M. "Improving Organizational Performance in Mixed Design Organizations Through Cultures of Trust". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7735.
Testo completoBerube, D. Steven. "Assessing differences in data and information makeup at two different organizational levels using two managerial jobs". Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03032009-040410/.
Testo completoYip, Hau-yu Hannah. "The participation of nongovernmental organizations in social service : a study of religious drug treatment agencies and their relationship with government /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17508277.
Testo completoSummers, Kenneth G. "Organizational assessment pathway to improvement for Teen Challenge of the Rocky Mountains /". [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2005. http://165.236.235.140/lib/KSummers2005.pdf.
Testo completoDresbach, Sereana Lynn Howard. "Commitment and volunteer organizations : variables influencing participation in environmental organizations". Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1239984724.
Testo completoHodgkins, Kevin A. "Unleashing the power of nonprofit enterprise the history and economics of nonprofit enterprise and how equity capital can multiply its impact /". Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010m/hodgkins.pdf.
Testo completoPirson, Michael. "Facing the trust gap measuring and building trust in organizations /". Hannover : Univ. of St. Gallen, 2007. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=35635134&site=ehost-live.
Testo completoSaxon-Harrold, S. K. E. "Strategy of voluntary organizations : An investigation of the effects of organizational task, competition and regulation on the strategy of 75 voluntary organizations". Thesis, University of Bradford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372182.
Testo completoManisaligil, Alperen. "(Re)creating Routines Through Stage Performances in Project-Based Organizations". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1559927898501408.
Testo completoRudkovsky, O. V. "Corporate security organizations". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36239.
Testo completoCosta, Ana-Cristina. "Trust in Organizations". Elsevier, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17878.
Testo completoChatterjee, Shuktika. "Virtues in organizations". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/s_chatterjee_120508.pdf.
Testo completoTitle from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 19, 2009). "Department of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-49).
Thornburg, Thomas Howard. "Creativity in organizations". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184629.
Testo completoGargam, Fabien. "Strengthening weak organizations". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX065.
Testo completoThis thesis entitled ‘Strengthening weak organizations’ translates to ‘La force du faible: Une perspective organisationnelle’ in French. It is intended to elucidate how a weak and vulnerable organization can transform into a strong and secure organization. By integrating the internal environment with the external environment, the question as formulated has never been investigated in the management literature before. This research aims to explore this void from different perspectives in order to beef up the robustness and relevance of the proposed findings. Specifically, the study consists of four parts whose distinctiveness lies in the examination of the same question using three research designs. Part #1 analyzes the topic from an outside perspective. Part #2 and Part #3 study the topic from an inside perspective. Part #4 combines the two previous stances by using metatriangulation. The whole thesis revolves around the term underdog which summarily equates herein to a weak and vulnerable organization. It is essential to note that each part is written as a standalone paper, but no part would have been possible without the contribution of the others