Articoli di riviste: "Organismes marins – Effets de la pollution"

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Reish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, Thomas C. Ginn e Michael Buchman. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 72, n. 6 (1 ottobre 2001): 1754–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143000x144277.

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Reish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, Thomas C. Ginn e Michael Buckman. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 74, n. 6 (1 ottobre 2002): 1507–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143002x140747.

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Relish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, ThomasC e Michael Buckman. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 75, n. 6 (1 ottobre 2003): 1800–1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143003x145372.

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Reish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, Thomas C. Ginn e Michael Buchman. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 76, n. 6 (settembre 2004): 2443–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143004x145876.

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Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Michael Buchman, Thomas Ginn e Robert Donnelly. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 79, n. 10 (settembre 2007): 2102–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143007x218683.

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Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Michael Buchman, Thomas Ginn e Robert Donnelly. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 80, n. 10 (ottobre 2008): 1918–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143008x328860.

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Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Michael Buchman, Thomas Ginn e Robert Donnelly. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 81, n. 10 (10 settembre 2009): 2070–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143009x12445568400737.

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Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida e Thomas Ginn. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 82, n. 10 (1 gennaio 2010): 2001–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143010x12756668802175.

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Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Thomas Ginn e Mary Ann Rempel-Hester. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 83, n. 10 (1 gennaio 2011): 1789–852. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143011x13075599870171.

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Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Thomas Ginn, Mary Ann Rempel-Hester e Courtney Arthur. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 84, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2012): 1737–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143012x13407275695751.

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Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Thomas Ginn, Mary Ann Rempel-Hester, Courtney Arthur e Nicolle Rutherford. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 85, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2013): 1828–933. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143013x13698672322949.

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Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Thomas Ginn, Mary Ann Rempel-Hester, Courtney Arthur e Nicolle Rutherford. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 86, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2014): 1869–954. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143014xi403l280668498.

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Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Thomas Ginn, Mary Ann Rempel-Hester, Courtney Arthur, Nicolle Rutherford e Rachel Pryor. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 87, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2015): 1718–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143015x14338845156380.

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Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Ann Michelle Morrison, Mary Ann Rempel-Hester, Courtney Arthur, Nicolle Rutherford e Rachel Pryor. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 88, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2016): 1693–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143016x14696400495695.

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Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Philip S. Oshida, Ann Michelle Morrison, Mary Ann Rempel-Hester, Courtney Arthur, Nicolle Rutherford e Rachel Pryor. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 89, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2017): 1704–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143017x15023776270647.

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Mearns, Alan J., Donald J. Reish, Matt Bissell, Ann Michelle Morrison, Mary Ann Rempel-Hester, Courtney Arthur, Nicolle Rutherford e Rachel Pryor. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 90, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2018): 1206–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143018x15289915807218.

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Reish, Donald J., Philip S. Oshida, Alan J. Mearns, Thomas C. Ginn e Michael Buchman. "Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms". Water Environment Research 71, n. 5 (agosto 1999): 1100–1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/106143099x134009.

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Mearns, Alan J., Mathew Bissell, Ann Michelle Morrison, Mary Ann Rempel‐Hester, Courtney Arthur e Nicolle Rutherford. "Effects of pollution on marine organisms". Water Environment Research 91, n. 10 (12 settembre 2019): 1229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wer.1218.

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Mearns, Alan J., Ann Michelle Morrison, Courtney Arthur, Nicolle Rutherford, Matt Bissell e Mary Ann Rempel‐Hester. "Effects of pollution on marine organisms". Water Environment Research 92, n. 10 (ottobre 2020): 1510–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wer.1400.

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Lors, Christine, Pauline Leleux e Chung-Hae Park. "Biodégradabilité des plastiques biosourcés : revue bibliographique sur l’acide polylactique". Matériaux & Techniques 110, n. 6 (2022): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mattech/2023002.

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Le développement de plastiques biosourcés est une alternative intéressante pour diminuer la dépendance au pétrole et pour limiter l’effet des plastiques pétrosourcés sur l’environnement conduisant à des effets délétères sur les écosystèmes terrestres et marins. En parallèle du développement de plastiques biosourcés, il est important de se préoccuper de leur fin de vie. Leur dégradation par des processus biologiques en conditions aérobies ou anaérobies permettrait de réduire leur impact environnemental. Parmi les plastiques biosourcés déjà développés depuis plusieurs années, l’acide polylactique (PLA) est l’un des biopolymères les plus produits actuellement. Cet article dresse un état de l’art sur la biodégradation des plastiques à base de PLA en détaillant les principaux mécanismes de biodégradation impliqués en conditions aérobies et anaérobies et les micro-organismes catalysant les différentes réactions biochimiques. Il reporte également les différents essais de biodégradation existants standardisés ou non et les techniques analytiques permettant d’évaluer la biodégradabilité du PLA.

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Aribi, Nadia, Béatrice Denis, Samira Kilani-Morakchi e Dominique Joly. "L’azadirachtine, un pesticide naturel aux effets multiples". médecine/sciences 36, n. 1 (gennaio 2020): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2019268.

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Une littérature abondante traite de l’impact négatif des pesticides conventionnels, très efficaces dans la gestion des ravageurs mais responsables d’une large pollution environnementale. Les pesticides d’origine naturelle qui auraient un moindre impact environnemental suscitent ainsi un intérêt majeur. Parmi ceux-ci, l’azadirachtine, commercialisée sous diverses formulations (huile de neem, Neem-Azal, Bioneem, etc.) reste la molécule la plus recommandée dans les agro-écosystèmes. L’argument d’une innocuité environnementale de l’azadirachtine est cependant nuancé par des effets collatéraux qui, bien que controversés, sont notables sur des organismes non ciblés.

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Han, Xinran. "Nuclear Pollution and Its Effects on Marine Ecosystems". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 69 (6 novembre 2023): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v69i.11906.

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Nuclear pollution is a severe environmental problem deriving mainly from industrial activities and can pose extremely negative affect to plants and animal bodies. Nuclear waste also has extreme negative effect on human bodies and can cause various diseases including skin disease, infant deficiency and cancer. There are few studies about the effect of nuclear waste to food webs and how it affects different trophic levels within the ecosystems. This study explains the effect of nuclear pollution on the marine ecosystems and focuses on the transportation of the pollutants through food webs as well as the sufferance of species in different trophic levels. It is concluded that nuclear pollutants can experience biomagnification within food webs and are transported to higher trophic levels by their food consumption. In addition, planktons, fish and seals are representative species of different trophic levels in marine food webs, and these species all suffer from nuclear contamination after nuclear pollutants enter their bodies through biomagnification. Future studies can focus on the process of energy transportation within food webs, such as whether the absorption of energy would be less efficient by higher trophic levels after consuming organisms with nuclear pollutants inside comparing to organisms with no nuclear pollutants. This study propose a explanation of respective effects of different trophic levels in marine ecosystems by nuclear pollutions, which can call on attention to the extreme negative effect of nuclear pollution to marine ecosystems.

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Pan, Yanru. "Hazards of Marine Pollution to Marine Organisms and Measures to Mitigate the Hazards". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 69 (6 novembre 2023): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v69i.11915.

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Marine pollution is a pressing global issue that has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its detrimental effects on marine ecosystems and the urgent need for mitigation measures. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the sources of marine pollution, the harmful effects on marine life, and potential solutions to address this critical problem. This article emphasizes the need for immediate action to combat marine pollution. While previous studies have examined specific types of pollutants, this paper takes a comprehensive approach, considering multiple sources of pollution and their diverse impacts on marine organisms. By analyzing the sources and effects of pollution, this paper aims to raise awareness and provide effective solutions to mitigate the ongoing damage. The research conducted in this paper serves as a valuable resource for policymakers, environmental organizations, and individuals concerned about the health of our oceans. By understanding the sources and impacts of marine pollution, stakeholders can implement targeted measures to mitigate pollution and promote sustainable practices. The findings of this study contribute to the growing body of knowledge on marine pollution, providing insights and recommendations for future research and policy development. Ultimately, the significance of this research lies in its potential to drive positive change and inspire collective efforts to protect marine life and preserve the invaluable resources provided by our oceans.

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He, Zhengyi. "Exploring the Dangers of Marine Pollution to Marine Life". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 83 (27 febbraio 2024): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/sn0d0n29.

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In a world where marine pollution is increasing, marine life is also under threat. Although the world has started to protect marine life, it should start by reducing marine pollution. In order to explore the harm of marine pollution to marine life, this paper summarizes the sources of marine pollution, the harm to marine life and the measures to be taken. The main sources of marine pollution are agriculture, which uses pesticides; industry, which spills oil; tourism, which produces waste; and everyday life, which discharges waste water. Different sources of marine pollution alter the marine environment to different degrees. Among the marine organisms affected by marine pollution, some animals are bound and injured by solid pollutants such as plastics, and some plants are covered by substances that enter the ocean with liquid pollutants and the effects of ocean eutrophication. After investigation and research, a series of measures will be proposed to government agencies and scientific research departments to reduce marine pollution, and young people will be urged to raise their environmental awareness and protect marine organisms. It is hoped that through the effective measures taken by various departments, human beings will be able to provide a near-"pollution-free" marine environment for marine organisms in the future, so that marine organisms will no longer be endangered.

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Brayley, Octavia, Dr Martin How e Dr Andrew Wakefield. "Biological Effects of Light Pollution on Terrestrial and Marine Organisms". International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 24, n. 1 (30 marzo 2022): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v24i1.121.

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Humans first began using artificial light at night (ALAN) during the industrial revolution and sources of light have diversified and intensified considerably over the last century. Light pollution has previously been defined under two separate branches, “ecological light pollution” where the natural light patterns are altered in marine and terrestrial environments, and “astronomical light pollution” where the view of the night sky is reduced. Natural light is vital for the regulation of animal behaviour and interactions. Surprisingly, this environmental stressor did not become a worldwide concern until 2009. Since then, research into this subject has substantially increased, with studies highlighting the detrimental effects of ALAN. These effects can be serious for many organisms and include the disruption of the essential circadian rhythms that most organisms use to time important behaviours such as foraging, reproduction, and sleep. Whether all organisms possess phenotypic plasticity to effectively adapt to increasing and changing artificial light pollution is not yet known. Here, we summarise the effects of light pollution among many different species, from marine to terrestrial, with a focus on the areas that require further research to enhance our knowledge of this subject. The aim of this review is to raise awareness and enhance understanding about this little-discussed environmental concern, including some novel ideas on camouflage and polarised light pollution, hopefully encouraging future research into the effects of light pollution on organism behaviour.

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Kataoka, Chisato, e Shosaku Kashiwada. "Ecological Risks Due to Immunotoxicological Effects on Aquatic Organisms". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 15 (2 agosto 2021): 8305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158305.

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The immunotoxic effects of some anthropogenic pollutants on aquatic organisms are among the causes of concern over the presence of these pollutants in the marine environment. The immune system is part of an organism’s biological defense necessarily for homeostasis. Thus, the immunotoxicological impacts on aquatic organisms are important to understand the effects of pollutant chemicals in the aquatic ecosystem. When aquatic organisms are exposed to pollutant chemicals with immunotoxicity, it results in poor health. In addition, aquatic organisms are exposed to pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Exposure to pollutant chemicals has reportedly caused aquatic organisms to show various immunotoxic symptoms such as histological changes of lymphoid tissue, changes of immune functionality and the distribution of immune cells, and changes in the resistance of organisms to infection by pathogens. Alterations of immune systems by contaminants can therefore lead to the deaths of individual organisms, increase the general risk of infections by pathogens, and probably decrease the populations of some species. This review introduced the immunotoxicological impact of pollutant chemicals in aquatic organisms, including invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and marine mammals; described typical biomarkers used in aquatic immunotoxicological studies; and then, discussed the current issues on ecological risk assessment and how to address ecological risk assessment through immunotoxicology. Moreover, the usefulness of the population growth rate to estimate the immunotoxicological impact of pollution chemicals was proposed.

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Babut, M., Y. Perrodin, M. Bray, B. Clément, C. Delolme, A. Devaux, C. Durrieu et al. "Évaluation des risques écologiques causés par des matériaux de dragage: roposition d'une approche adaptée aux dépôts en gravière en eau". Revue des sciences de l'eau 15, n. 3 (12 aprile 2005): 615–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705472ar.

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Une procédure d'évaluation des risques pour l'écosystème aquatique engendrés par un dépôt de matériaux de dragage dans une gravière type a été élaborée, et testée avec des échantillons de sédiments d'un canal du Nord-Est de la France. La procédure comporte une étape d'évaluation sommaire des risques, à partir de quotients des concentrations mesurées par les critères de danger correspondants, et une étape d'évaluation détaillée où des essais de toxicité et de lixiviation en colonnes sont mis en œuvre. Le scénario testé retient trois hypothèses, qui concernent (a) les effets sur les peuplements d'invertébrés benthiques, représentés notamment par Hyalella azteca et Chironomus riparius, (b) les effets sur les peuplements d'organismes pélagiques, représentés par Chlorella vulgaris, Ceriodaphnia dubia, et Brachionus calyciflorus, et (c) la pollution de la nappe alluviale associée. Différentes modalités d'exposition (essais normalisés, microcosmes) ont été testées. Dans le contexte particulier des trois sédiments étudiés, ces hypothèses se sont avérées plus ou moins discriminantes, la pollution de la nappe étant la plus sensible. Des améliorations de la procédure doivent être envisagées qui concernent à la fois la formulation des hypothèses (risques à court et long terme sur les organismes pélagiques), et les protocoles d'essai, tant pour les organismes du sédiment (rôle de la nourriture notamment) que pour les essais de lixiviation en colonnes.

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Jovic, Mihajlo, e Slavka Stankovic. "Determination of marine pollution by comparative analysis of metal pollution indices". Archives of Biological Sciences 66, n. 3 (2014): 1205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1403205j.

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Due to the specific geographical and hydrological structure of Boka Kotorska Bay, that is characterized by a low flow of water through the bay, the anthropogenic impact is pronounced, exerting direct effects on this unique ecosystem. Trace metal (Pb, Hg, Ni, Co and Cd) concentrations were measured in the winter, spring and fall of 2008 in two marine organisms (Posidonia oceanica and Mytilus galloprovincialis) selected as biomonitors of trace metals in the Boka Kotorska Bay. These marine organisms have the ability to accumulate trace metals from their environment. Metal pollution indexes (MPI) for both species were compared, confirming that the most polluted was Tivat bay and the least Kotor bay.

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Amaral, Marcella, Marcos Bastos, Mônica Corrêa-Silva, Alexandre Azevedo, Luciano Santos e Raquel Neves. "Microplastic in tissue of marine organisms". Concilium 24, n. 17 (31 agosto 2024): 495–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-3960-24r40.

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Plastic microwaste pollution poses a significant threat to biodiversity and the health of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Microplastics (MPs) are synthetic polymers less than 5mm in size and currently classified as emerging contaminants. They are considered a global problem due to their ubiquity, infeasibility of substantial removal from the environment and exposure, and almost irreversible effects. Marine filter-feeding organisms are widely used in analyzing the occurrence of MPs due to their ecological and commercial importance. This work presents a literature review on the effects of bioaccumulation of plastic microwaste in the tissues of aquatic filter-feeding organisms, mainly bivalves. The data analyzed in the present study conclude that MPs have a high capacity for contamination and bioaccumulation, negatively influencing the quality of life of the biota. Its effects are related not only to physiological buffering in organisms but also to toxicity due to the release of compounds present in incorporated plastic particles, and the transport of various pollutants into the environment.

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Danya Al-Maita, Wissam Hayek, Tariq Al-Najjar e Mohammad Wahsha. "Seagrass as a Bioindicator for Heavy Metal Pollution in Semi-Enclosed Marine Ecosystems". Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S6 (2 dicembre 2023): 1295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is6.2434.

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This study delves into utilizing Seagrass as a bioindicator for heavy metal detection in semi-enclosed marine ecosystems, with a specific focus on the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. The research evaluates the relationship between human activities and the responses of marine organisms, employing the seagrass species Halophila stipulacea as a key subject. This research examines the ability of seagrass to sense and respond to environmental changes, particularly in terms of trace metal accumulation. These accumulations serve as indicators of the marine environment's health and the extent of human impact. Observations revealed differences in trace metal concentrations across three distinct habitats. Notably, varying levels of Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium (Cr) were found in seagrass leaves, while Copper (Cu) and Iron (Fe) were more prevalent in roots. Increased concentrations of Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of environmental stress as indicated by lipid peroxidation (LPO), point to a potential link between human activities, such as boating, and the health of seagrass. These findings underscore the complex interactions between marine biology, environmental management, and the innate abilities of organisms to perceive and adapt to changes in their environment. The study bridges the gap in understanding organismal responses to environmental changes and emphasizes the need for ongoing research. Such research is crucial to comprehend the broader effects of environmental shifts on marine life. By continuously monitoring trace metal levels and understanding the responses of seagrass over time, this study lays the groundwork for innovative conservation and management strategies. These strategies are aimed at protecting vital marine environments from the growing impacts of human disturbances.

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Danilov, Diana, e Valentina Coatu. "Short communication: Physiological Response of Marine Organisms to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Pollution as Useful Tools for Biomonitoring". Cercetări Marine - Recherches Marines 51, n. 1 (12 gennaio 2021): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.55268/cm.2021.51.193.

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"The continuous development of oil exploration and exploitation leads to the need to highlight the early effects of hydrocarbons, especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on marine organisms. In this regard, there are worldwide biomonitoring programs that aim to assess the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The physiological response of marine organisms is investigated both at functionally (reproductive, respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological disorders), tissular, cellular and molecular levels (histopathological evaluation, DNA damage, cytochrome P4501A, ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD)). This paper reviews the changes induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine organisms and their potential to be used as suitable biomarkers to assess the health of aquatic ecosystems. Key-Words: biomonitoring, physiological response, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, marine organisms, sea water "

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Lam, Chung-Sum. "Nano-Scale Plastic Pollution in the Marine Species: A Review". Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research 4, n. 4 (9 novembre 2018): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jespr.148.18040401.

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The long-term properties of plastic have been causing persistent marine pollution for decades. The adverse impacts have been found in marine organisms worldwide. Currently, their degraded products-microplastics and nanoplastics-represent emerging plastic issues. Microplastic pollution has drawn attentions in many research fields and the general public. Many types of literature have documented their adverse impacts, distribution, and origins. Hence, many review studies have been conducted on microplastics rather than nanoplastics. Therefore, this review is focused on nanoplastic contamination in marine ecosystems, their origins, distributions, fate, and impacts on marine organisms. This review paper provides an overall picture of nanoplastic pollution on a global scale. The impacts of nanoplastic on marine organisms gene expression at the cellular and tissue levels are evaluated. Moreover, the adverse effects of nanoplastics on the embryonic stages, growth, and mortality of marine species are also discussed. The present review also gathers information to generate future research perspectives, and aims to highlight the need for researching on nanoplastics in the aquatic environment while providing critical perspectives for setting future research objectives.

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Ivanina, Anna V., e Inna M. Sokolova. "Interactive effects of metal pollution and ocean acidification on physiology of marine organisms". Current Zoology 61, n. 4 (1 agosto 2015): 653–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.653.

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Abstract Changes in the global environment such as ocean acidification (OA) may interact with anthropogenic pollutants including trace metals threatening the integrity of marine ecosystems. We analyze recent studies on the interactive effects of OA and trace metals on marine organisms with a focus on the physiological basis of these interactions. Our analysis shows that the responses to elevated CO2 and metals are strongly dependent on the species, developmental stage, metal biochemistry and the degree of environmental hypercapnia, and cannot be directly predicted from the CO2-induced changes in metal solubility and speciation. The key physiological functions affected by both the OA and trace metal exposures involve acid-base regulation, protein turnover and mitochondrial bioenergetics, reflecting the sensitivity of the underlying molecular and cellular pathways to CO2and metals. Physiological interactions between elevated CO2 and metals may impact the organisms’ capacity to maintain acid-base homeostasis and reduce the amount of energy available for fitness-related functions such as growth, development and reproduction thereby affecting survival and performance of estuarine populations. Environmental hypercapnia may also affect the marine food webs by altering predator-prey interactions and the trophic transfer of metals in the food chain. However, our understanding of the degree to which these effects can impact the function and integrity of marine ecosystems is limited due the scarcity of the published research and its bias towards certain taxonomic groups. Future research priorities should include studies of metal x PCO2 interactions focusing on critical physiological functions (including acid-base, protein and energy homeostasis) in a greater range of ecologically and economically important marine species, as well as including the field populations naturally exposed (and potentially adapted) to different levels of metals and CO2 in their environments.

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Yilmaz, N., I. T. Emecan, M. Elhag, S. Boteva e S. M. Yilmaz. "The Harmful Effects of Microplastic Pollution on Aquatic Organisms". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1305, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2024): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1305/1/012006.

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Abstract In recent years, microplastics have been recognized as the most popular pollutants in marine and fresh waters. Plastic is one of the most used materials in all areas of our lives due to its cheap, light, and durable properties. Because they are used as main or auxiliary materials in almost all industries and branches of industry, the disappearance of plastics, which are in our lives, requires very long processes. Since petroleum-derived plastic wastes, which bacteria cannot consume directly, are decomposed by solar heat and radon, only the resulting compounds can be consumed by bacteria. For this reason, awareness-raising efforts to reduce plastic consumption in daily use all over the world have been accelerated. In parallel with this situation, research on microplastic pollution in both seas and inland waters is carried out intensively. Considering the current consumption habits of us humans, who are at the top of the food chain, the rates of microplastics we are exposed to are at a substantial level. The determination of the amount of microplastics contained in seafood consumed as the main protein source is of great importance in terms of public health and shows the necessity of further scientific research on this subject. The purpose of our study is to reveal the effects of microplastic pollution on aquatic organisms both in sea and inland waters by compiling studies on this subject and to draw attention to microplastic pollution in waters.

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Yogaswara, Deny. "ADSORPSI SENYAWA POLISIKLIK AROMATIK HIDROKARBON (PAH) OLEH KARBON AKTIF". OSEANA 42, n. 1 (30 aprile 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/oseana.2017.vol.42no.1.33.

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PAH ADSORPTION BY ACTIVATED CARBON. The growing population and the rapid economic development have led an increasing input of waste waters mainly from industries, agriculture and households into marine environment. In addition, discharge of maritime transportation and accidents of oil spills contribute to the marine as pollutants. The released compounds have dangerious effects, for example hazard to human health, hindrance to marine activities, and impairment of the quality of seawaters. Because of hydrophobic character, these compound contaminants tend to be adsorbed to sediment particles and therefore it could be considered as pollution reservoirs. They are also accumulated in the aquatic organisms and biomagnified in the food chains. Some contaminants pose a health risk to aquatic organisms and ultimately to humans who consume contaminated seafood. Therefore, study of activated carbon adsorption will reduce organic pollution such as PAH in marine environment.

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Yevich, Paul P. "Comparative histopathological effects of metals on marine organisms". Marine Environmental Research 28, n. 1-4 (gennaio 1989): 454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(89)90283-3.

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37

Aliko, Valbona, Cristiana Roberta Multisanti, Blerta Turani e Caterina Faggio. "Get Rid of Marine Pollution: Bioremediation an Innovative, Attractive, and Successful Cleaning Strategy". Sustainability 14, n. 18 (19 settembre 2022): 11784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811784.

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Aquatic environmental pollution is a rather worrying and increasingly topical problem that requires the development and promotion of innovative and ecofriendly technologies. Pollutants in water include many common substances that can reach aquatic ecosystems through several pathways including wastewater, the atmosphere, ship discharges, and many other sources. Most of these toxic compounds are internalized by aquatic organisms, leading to bioaccumulation in tissues and reaching any level of the food chain through the biomagnification process. These mechanisms can develop into adverse effects on the physiology of organisms and biochemical processes of natural ecosystems, thus affecting animals, environments, and indirectly, human health. Innovative technologies to tackle marine pollution include bioremediation: a suitable, biological, and ecological approach that enhances the ability of micro-organisms to transform waste and toxic substances into forms that can be used by other organisms. In this context, micro-organisms appear to be essential for the detoxification of aquatic systems due to their metabolic activity. This review provides a careful analysis of the characteristics of the main pollutants that affect aquatic ecosystems, with a focus on their effects on organisms and environments. It also offers clear guidance on innovative biological strategies that can be employed to prevent, limit, and remediate anthropogenic influences on aquatic environments.

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Gupta, Vikas, Ayushi Trivedi, Nirjharnee Nandeha, Duyu Monya, K. Dujeshwer, Amit Kumar Pandey e Ashutosh Singh. "Micro Plastic Pollution in Soil Environment: A Comprehensive Review". Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, n. 6 (11 maggio 2024): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i62057.

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Plastic is a substance that is fundamental to current human existence. However, the issue of plastic trash polluting the environment has emerged due to the rapidly growing demand for plastic use. Even though some used plastics are recycled or burned for energy, a significant amount of plastic waste is landfilled or released into marine and terrestrial habitats worldwide. Particularly, trash made of microplastics smaller than 5 mm is regarded as a rising global problem for contamination. Nonetheless, the majority of studies on the effects of microplastic pollution conducted in the previous ten years have been on the marine ecosystem, with relatively few on the terrestrial ecology. One may argue that soil serves as both a significant source of microplastic pollution and a conduit for it into the aquatic ecosystem. The majority of microplastic sources in soil settings enter through a variety of openings, fragment, and spread both vertically and horizontally to the surrounding surroundings. Additionally, there are detrimental effects on the soil biota, which could influence the food web and raise questions about human health. This overview of microplastics' properties, research trends, analytical techniques, migration and degradation processes, impacts on soil biogeochemistry, and interactions with soil organisms highlights the significance of continuing studies on the effects of microplastics on terrestrial ecosystems.

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Balasubramaniyan, Balakrishnan. "A Review of Microplastics Risk Assessment in the Coastal Environment". Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 14, n. 4 (24 dicembre 2021): 1422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/14.4.8.

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Pollution from microplastics has recently become a prevalent threat to the ecosystem. Microplastics with a dimension less than or equal to 5 mm are smaller. There are many ways that microplastics can reach the atmosphere. By various mechanisms, the breakdown of macro plastics will happen. Chemical degradation, tire abrasion, is the most common forms of degradation. Microplastics (MPs) pollution in the coastal and marine ecosystem is currently a global problem. Transferring MPs from land to sea and allowing them to enter the food chain has a direct negative impact on marine life and human health. The combined toxicity effects of MicroPlastics (MPs) and other contaminants in marine environments, as well as their toxicity effects and mechanisms based on a variety of environmentally important test organisms, were also covered in this study.

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Yu, Xincheng, Jin Wang, Mingzhe Kou, Zongyi Shi e Yingshui Yu. "Research Progress and Prospect of Marine Antifouling Coatings". Studies in Social Science Research 4, n. 3 (9 agosto 2023): p152. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sssr.v4n3p152.

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Marine biological pollution refers to activities such as a large number of barnacles, algae and other organisms or microorganisms gathering and damaging ships or other marine industries. Among them, the most effective way is to use degradable materials as the substrate and add antifouling agents that can destroy fouling organisms. Traditional marine antifouling coatings release toxic substances with broad spectrum, such as cuprous oxide and organotin, so as to achieve effective antifouling. However, with the adverse effects on the marine environment, it is a long way to go to study and prepare environment-friendly antifouling agents. This paper mainly introduces the traditional degradable materials PCL, PLA, etc., and also introduces the current low-toxic antifouling agent DCOIT composite materials and new natural antifouling agents, etc.

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Agha, Hasan Mohammed Hamid, Ali Mohammed Saleh, Hadi Hamdi Mahdi, Amjad Abdulhadi Mohammed e Abdulmutalib Alabeed Alkamil Allaq. "Overview of Effect of Plastic Waste Pollution on Marine Environment". Journal of Asian Scientific Research 12, n. 4 (15 novembre 2022): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5003.v12i4.4654.

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Environmental pollution is one of the most important and critical problems facing the planet and threatening the ecosystem in all its forms. Due to the large quantities of plastic manufactured in different parts of the world and the difficulty of decomposing plastic products, which have a decomposition period of decades. As well as considering the marine environment as one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to pollution with plastic waste, and at the same time, people do not pay attention to this disaster, which directly affects the rest of the environmental systems and causes serious changes to the ecosystem. In this paper, we tried to review some of the direct effects of plastic waste on marine organisms such as coral reefs and sea turtles. As well as review the impact of these organisms’ damage on the ecosystem in general. This paper recommends some solutions that will reduce the huge quantities of plastic waste and how to treat it and try to legalize production to control the amount of plastic waste previously produced during the past decades.

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Gucma, Lucjan, Wiesław Juszkiewicz e Kinga Łazuga. "Optimal Planning of Pollution Emergency Response with Application of Navigational Risk Management". Annual of Navigation 19, n. 1 (1 novembre 2012): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10367-012-0006-8.

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Abstract According to the HELCOM AIS, there are about 2,000 ships in the Baltic marine area at any given moment. The main environmental effects of shipping and other activities at sea include air pollution, illegal deliberate and accidental discharges of oil, hazardous substances and other wastes, and the unintentional introduction of invasive alien organisms via ships’ ballast water or hulls. Original oil pollution model and optimal allocation of response resources was proposed in the paper.

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Vavasseur, Alain. "Bioremédiation des sols et des eaux : application aux pollutions chimique et nucléaire". Pollution atmosphérique, NS 7 (1 giugno 2014): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54563/pollution-atmospherique.7832.

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La bioremédiation est une branche des biotechnologies qui utilise des mécanismes biologiques naturels ou détournés pour traiter des problèmes environnementaux. Les agents biologiques utilisés peuvent être de simples molécules organiques, comme de l’ADN ou des anticorps, ou bien des organismes vivants ou morts (bactéries, microalgues, champignons, algues et plantes supérieures). La phytoremédiation consiste plus spécifiquement à utiliser des plantes pour décontaminer des sols, des eaux ou de l’air pollués. Contrairement aux polluants organiques tels que les PCB, TNT, TCE, qui peuvent être métabolisés par les micro-organismes du sol ou les racines des plantes, les radionucléides ─ comme la plupart des métaux lourds ─ ne peuvent être dégradés, mais leur spéciation peut être modifiée et, par ce fait, leur biodisponibilité et leurs effets sur l’environnement. Ainsi, les stratégies de bioremédiation concernant les radionucléides vont consister en : - leur stabilisation/minéralisation afin de diminuer leur biodisponibilité grâce à un changement de leur état redox ; - pour les sols, leur extraction, en utilisant les mécanismes nutritifs des plantes ; - pour les solutions polluées, leur extraction, en utilisant les propriétés de « piège à cations » des parois végétales. En comparaison des méthodes physico-chimiques utilisées classiquement pour décontaminer les sols, mais qui conduisent à leur déstructuration et à une forte diminution de leur fertilité et de leur productivité, la bioremédiation est considérée comme une technique respectueuse de l’environnement. Un atout important de cette technique est également son coût, bien inférieur à celui des techniques traditionnelles de décontamination. Par contre, la bioremédiation ne peut être appliquée dans l’urgence, car les durées de traitement s’étalent sur plusieurs années ─ voire décennies ─ en fonction du degré de pollution. Les recherches actuelles portent donc essentiellement sur l’optimisation de ce temps de traitement. Nous présentons dans cet article différents exemples de bioremédiation in situ des métaux lourds et des radionucléides, et nous débattons en conclusion les aspects négatifs et positifs de cette technique.

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Hofman, Robert J. "Marine Sound Pollution: Does It Merit Concern?" Marine Technology Society Journal 37, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2003): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533203787537014.

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The possible effects on marine mammals and other marine organisms of sound from human (anthropogenic) sources have become subjects of increasing concern and controversy. In the late 1970s and 1980s, the sources of principal concern were seismic profiling, drilling, and related activities associated with offshore oil and gas development. In the last decade, much of the focus has shifted to activities conducted or supported by the U.S. Navy, most notably the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate Program, ship-shock tests, development and proposed use of low frequency active sonar to detect new classes of quiet submarines, and the stranding of beaked whales and other cetaceans in the Bahamas in March 2000 coincident with antisubmarine exercises involving use of mid-frequency tactical sonars. There has been substantial controversy concerning the possible impacts of these activities, and a number of law suits seeking to stop or restrict them. The Navy believes that the concerns are unwarranted and that the law suits have impeded its ability to meet its national defense responsibilities. Congress agreed and in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004 (Public Law 108-87) made two substantial changes to the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA): (1) it authorized the Secretary of Defense to exempt military readiness activities from the provisions of the MMPA governing the incidental taking of marine mammals; and (2) it added to the Act separate definitions of harassment to apply to such activities. These and other proposed changes to the MMPA could undermine the unique, precautionary or risk-averse philosophy of the Act. An alternative, two-step approach, advocated in this paper, would be to (a) revise the definition of harassment to clearly differentiate types and levels of behavioral disturbance likely to have, and not to have, biologically significant effects; and (b) add a general authorization for all incidental taking expected to have biologically insignificant effects, similar to the general authorization for marine mammal research expected to have biologically insignificant effects added to the MMPA in 1994.

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Ghanem, Sara F. "A Mini-Review of Microplastics in Aquaculture: Sources, Toxicity, Countermeasures and Prospects". International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture 8, n. 3 (2024): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijoac-16000325.

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Plastic waste has become an environmental problem of global concern. Since microplastics (MP) are accumulated in all marine compartments due to direct emissions from the fragmentation or technosphere of macroplastic waste, they constitute a potential risk for aquatic organisms that ingest them as well as for humans through the consumption of fishery products. Data on the effects and damages that MP debris may exert on marine biota and marine food supply chains is scarce, hence, the study of microplastics impact in aquaculture has become a universal research hotspot. This review shed light an overview on sources of MP, their deleterious impact on marine environment, their toxicological effects on marine organisms by affecting their survival rate, growth, behavior and reproduction which ultimately will reduce the economic benefits of aquaculture. Moreover, the potential health risks that MP pose to human at multiple levels through aquaculture products consumption are also discussed. Strengthening aquaculture management, ecological interception and purification as well as improving fishing gear and packaging are considered to be effective removal strategies for controlling MP pollution. As practical measures, new remote sensing technology and portable MP monitoring system are two prospects known to be widely applied. Finally, the supervision of MP pollution in aquaculture must be established by enforcing rapid waste management policies and strengthening the construction of laws and regulations.

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Gardner, George R., e Paul P. Yevich. "Comparative histopathological effects of chemically contaminated sediment on marine organisms". Marine Environmental Research 24, n. 1-4 (gennaio 1988): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-1136(88)90327-3.

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da Fonseca, Estefan Monteiro, Christine Gaylarde, José Antônio Baptista Neto, Juan Carlos Camacho Chab e Otto Ortega-Morales. "Microbial Interactions with Particulate and Floating Pollutants in the Oceans: A Review". Micro 2, n. 2 (27 aprile 2022): 257–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/micro2020017.

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The Earth’s oceans are the final resting place of anthropogenic wastes, mainly plastics, metals, rubber, and fabrics, in order of decreasing abundance. On reaching the sea and the benthos, most of these have assumed fragmented or particulate forms. They become colonized by marine microorganisms and later interact with macroorganisms, leading to potential problems with marine life and the ecosystem. Rapid biodegradation of the polluting materials is a possible, and desirable, result if harmful by-products are not produced or toxic constituents are released. Negative effects are the transport of organisms to other ecosystems, with possible disturbance of the natural biological balance, or transfer of pathogenic organisms. A microbial biofilm can mask unattractive anthropogenic materials, increasing ingestion by marine life, with potentially dangerous results. This article seeks to provide a synthesis of the interactions occurring between oceanic anthropogenic polluting matter in solid and particulate form, and the microbiota present in our seas. It discusses the most important solid and particulate pollutants in the oceans, their sources, adverse effects, interactions with living organisms, mainly microorganisms, and future research for their control. Pollutants included are marine litter (macrodebris), microplastics, engineered nanoparticles, metallic particles, and, finally, sinking particles (“marine snow”) as a potential biodegradation “hot spot”.

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Zubair, Hassan. "Origin and Effects of Microplastics on Soil Health, Microbial Community and Plants". Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences 12, n. 3 (30 giugno 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.9061.

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Microplastics are a growing threat to entire ecosystems, their presence in soil and water ecosystems has received a lot of attention lately. The detection, occurrence, characterization, and toxicology of microplastics in freshwater and marine ecosystems have been the subject of recent research; yet, compared to aquatic environments, our knowledge of the ecological impacts of microplastics in soil ecosystems is relatively restricted. To address the potential ecological and human health risks caused by microplastics in soil, we have compiled literature here that studies the sources, migration of microplastics in soil, negative impacts on soil health and function, trophic transfer in food chains, and the corresponding adverse effects on soil organisms. This paper aims to fill in information gaps, clarify the ecological impacts of microplastic pollution in soil, and suggest future research directions related to microplastic pollution and the ensuing soil ecotoxicity. To lessen the dangers associated with microplastic contamination, this review also focuses on controlling the amount of microplastics in soil and developing management and remediation strategies.

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Deidda, Irene, Roberta Russo, Rosa Bonaventura, Caterina Costa, Francesca Zito e Nadia Lampiasi. "Neurotoxicity in Marine Invertebrates: An Update". Biology 10, n. 2 (18 febbraio 2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10020161.

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Invertebrates represent about 95% of existing species, and most of them belong to aquatic ecosystems. Marine invertebrates are found at intermediate levels of the food chain and, therefore, they play a central role in the biodiversity of ecosystems. Furthermore, these organisms have a short life cycle, easy laboratory manipulation, and high sensitivity to marine pollution and, therefore, they are considered to be optimal bioindicators for assessing detrimental chemical agents that are related to the marine environment and with potential toxicity to human health, including neurotoxicity. In general, albeit simple, the nervous system of marine invertebrates is composed of neuronal and glial cells, and it exhibits biochemical and functional similarities with the vertebrate nervous system, including humans. In recent decades, new genetic and transcriptomic technologies have made the identification of many neural genes and transcription factors homologous to those in humans possible. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and altered levels of neurotransmitters are some of the aspects of neurotoxic effects that can also occur in marine invertebrate organisms. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of major marine pollutants, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and micro and nano-plastics, with a focus on their neurotoxic effects in marine invertebrate organisms. This review could be a stimulus to bio-research towards the use of invertebrate model systems other than traditional, ethically questionable, time-consuming, and highly expensive mammalian models.

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Worrest, Robert C., e Donat-P. Häder. "Effects of Stratospheric Ozone Depletion on Marine Organisms". Environmental Conservation 16, n. 3 (1989): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900009358.

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Organismes marins – Effets de la pollution"

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