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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Organic acids"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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1

Uttry, Alexander, e Manuel van Gemmeren. "Direct C(sp3)–H Activation of Carboxylic Acids". Synthesis 52, n. 04 (17 ottobre 2019): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1690720.

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Carboxylic acids are important in a variety of research fields and applications. As a result, substantial efforts have been directed towards the C–H functionalization of such compounds. While the use of the carboxylic acid moiety as a native directing group for C(sp2)–H functionalization reactions is well established, as yet there is no general solution for the C(sp3)–H activation of aliphatic carboxylic acids and most endeavors have instead relied on the introduction of stronger directing groups. Recently however, novel ligands, tools, and strategies have emerged, which enable the use of free aliphatic carboxylic acids in C–H-activation-based transformations.1 Introduction2 Challenges in the C(sp3)–H Bond Activation of Carboxylic Acids3 The Lactonization of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids4 The Directing Group Approach5 The Direct C–H Arylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids6 The Direct C–H Olefination of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids7 The Direct C–H Acetoxylation of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids8 Summary

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2

Siggel, Michele R., e T. Darrah Thomas. "Why are organic acids stronger acids than organic alcohols?" Journal of the American Chemical Society 108, n. 15 (luglio 1986): 4360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00275a022.

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3

Yang, Xiaoyan, Chuandong Zhang, Haiping Gu, Xiangwei Chen e Erhui Guo. "Organic acids promote phosphorus release from Mollisols with different organic matter contents". Soil and Water Research 16, No. 1 (11 dicembre 2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/140/2019-swr.

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Organic acids could improve the phosphorus (P) availability through enhancing the release of inorganic phosphorus (P<sub>i</sub>) in the soil. However, the effects of organic acids on the P<sub>i</sub> release are still poorly understood, especially from soils with different organic matter contents. Here, a biochemically produced humic acid and P fertiliser were added to the soil to modify the content of the soil organic matter (SOM) and soil P, respectively. And then the soil samples were incubated at 25 °C for 30 days. The release of P<sub>i</sub> fractions (such as H<sub>2</sub>O-P<sub>i</sub>, NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-P<sub>i</sub>, NaOH-P<sub>i</sub>, HCl-P<sub>i</sub>, and Residual-P) from the soils with different organic matter contents in the presence of citric, oxalic, and malic acids was evaluated using a sequential chemical fractionation method. The results showed that the release of the NaHCO<sub>3</sub>-P<sub>i</sub>, NaOH-P<sub>i</sub>, and HCl-P<sub>i</sub> fractions also showed a decreasing trend with an increasing content of soil organic matter, and more NaOH-P<sub>i</sub> than the other P<sub>i</sub> fractions was generally released in the presence of organic acids. Considering the types of organic acids, oxalic acid and malic acid most effectively and least effectively released P<sub>i</sub>, respectively. The path analysis indicated that the NaOH-P<sub>i</sub> release had the highest direct and indirect effects on the total inorganic P (TP<sub>i</sub>) release. NaOH-P<sub>i</sub> was, therefore, the most effective source of P<sub>i</sub> in the Mollisols.

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4

Gladkikh, I. F., Iu V. Danilenko e S. V. Pestrikov. "ORGANIC ACIDS OF ASMOL". Oil and Gas Business, n. 4 (agosto 2015): 362–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/ogbus-2015-4-362-373.

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5

Ergönül, P. G., e C. Nergiz. "Determination of organic acids in olive fruit by HPLC". Czech Journal of Food Sciences 28, No. 3 (1 luglio 2010): 202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1379-cjfs.

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Organic acids (oxalic, citric, malic, and succinic) contents of Domat, Memecik and Uslu varieties of olives grown in Turkey were investigated using HPLC method. Organic acids were extracted from olives with water-methanol mixture solution 75:25 (v/v) and were analysed through KC-118 ion-exchange column using UV absorbance detector at 214 nm. The mobile phase was phosphoric acid (0.1%, w/v). The recovery values of the organic acids added into olive fruit samples were 92.8%, 98.75%, 110%, and 86% for oxalic, citric, malic, and succinic acids, respectively.

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6

Campolo, Orlando, Antonino Malacrinò, Francesca Laudani, Giuseppe M. Algeri, Giulia Giunti, Cinzia P. Strano, Paolo Zoccali e Vincenzo Palmeri. "Field efficacy of two organic acids against Varroa destructor". Entomologia Generalis 36, n. 3 (1 luglio 2017): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2017/0430.

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7

Yong, Raymond N., e Diana Mourato. "Extraction and characterization of organics from two Champlain Sea subsurface soils". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 25, n. 3 (1 agosto 1988): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t88-066.

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The focus of this investigation is to establish whether organic materials are present in subsurface soils in measurable and significant quantities. Two subsurface soils from the Champlain Sea region were chosen for study. Organic carbon concentrations of 0.5% as total organic carbon (TOC) were detected in the soils studied at depths up to 14.2 m. The extraction and subsequent analyses of organic compounds permitted one to classify these as humic acids, fulvic acids, humins, and nonhumic materials. Extraction of these subsurface soil organics was achieved using a modified HCl–NaOH extraction method. The extracted organics were analyzed for TOC to confirm their organic nature as well as for study of their surface chemistry. The compositional and structural characteristics of the extracts were investigated using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Key words: subsurface soil organics, humic materials, nonhumic organics, organics extraction, Champlain Sea clays.

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8

Navrotsky, Alexandra, Richard Hervig, James Lyons, Dong-Kyun Seo, Everett Shock e Albert Voskanyan. "Cooperative formation of porous silica and peptides on the prebiotic Earth". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n. 2 (29 dicembre 2020): e2021117118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021117118.

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Modern technology has perfected the synthesis of catalysts such as zeolites and mesoporous silicas using organic structure directing agents (SDA) and their industrial use to catalyze a large variety of organic reactions within their pores. We suggest that early in prebiotic evolution, synergistic interplay arose between organic species in aqueous solution and silica formed from rocks by dynamic dissolution–recrystallization. The natural organics, for example, amino acids, small peptides, and fatty acids, acted as SDA for assembly of functional porous silica structures that induced further polymerization of amino acids and peptides, as well as other organic reactions. Positive feedback between synthesis and catalysis in the silica–organic system may have accelerated the early stages of abiotic evolution by increasing the formation of polymerized species.

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9

Taylor, Agnes R., Amanda Albright Olsen, Elisabeth M. Hausrath, Brian J. Olsen e Dawn Cardace. "The Role of Sulfuric Acid, Abiotic–Organic Acids, and Biotic Acids on Serpentinite Dissolution and Trace Metal Release". Minerals 14, n. 3 (28 febbraio 2024): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min14030256.

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Organic acids produced by biota have been shown to accelerate the dissolution of minerals, possibly creating biosignatures in either reacting solutions or the solid materials. We tested aqueous alteration of serpentinite in three groups of solutions: inorganic acids, organic acids created through abiotic processes (termed “abiotic–organics”), and organic acids created through biotic processes (termed “biotic acids”) over a range of temperatures relevant to conditions on Mars and Europa. A total of 48 batch reactor experiments were carried out at 0 °C, 22 °C, and 62 °C in 16 different acids at pH 2.6 over 28 days. Additional experiments were conducted in sulfuric acid solutions to assess aqueous alteration in sulfate-rich environments. These results show that biotic acids accelerate serpentinite dissolution compared to the control inorganic acid, whereas abiotic–organic acids have little or no effect. Sulfuric acid enhances serpentinite dissolution over nitric acid. Secondary precipitates found in the presence of biotic acids were consistently enhanced in Mn, Ti, and W. We propose that these preferentially released elements and secondary minerals may be potential biosignatures. We also show that the release of the rock-forming elements Mg and Si is correlated with stability constants for the metal–acid aqueous complex, providing a possible mechanistic interpretation of the observed results.

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10

Yaremenko, Ivan A., Peter S. Radulov, Yulia Yu Belyakova, Dmitriy I. Fomenkov, Svetlana B. Tsogoeva e Alexander O. Terent’ev. "Lewis Acids and Heteropoly Acids in the Synthesis of Organic Peroxides". Pharmaceuticals 15, n. 4 (13 aprile 2022): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15040472.

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Organic peroxides are an important class of compounds for organic synthesis, pharmacological chemistry, materials science, and the polymer industry. Here, for the first time, we summarize the main achievements in the synthesis of organic peroxides by the action of Lewis acids and heteropoly acids. This review consists of three parts: (1) metal-based Lewis acids in the synthesis of organic peroxides; (2) the synthesis of organic peroxides promoted by non-metal-based Lewis acids; and (3) the application of heteropoly acids in the synthesis of organic peroxides. The information covered in this review will be useful for specialists in the field of organic synthesis, reactions and processes of oxygen-containing compounds, catalysis, pharmaceuticals, and materials engineering.

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11

Chon, Kangmin, Jaeweon Cho e Ho Kyong Shon. "Advanced characterization of algogenic organic matter, bacterial organic matter, humic acids and fulvic acids". Water Science and Technology 67, n. 10 (1 maggio 2013): 2228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.118.

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Advanced characterization techniques of organic matter, including bulk organic characterization, size-exclusion chromatography, three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and fractionations using Amberlite XAD-8/4 resins, were used to investigate differences and similarities in the physicochemical properties of four different organic matter, namely algogenic organic matter (AOM), bacterial organic matter (BOM), Suwanee River humic acids (SRHA) and Suwanee River fulvic acids (SRFA). From the comparison of characteristics of the AOM, BOM, SRHA, and SRFA, it was identified that the specific UV absorbance, molar ratio of organic nitrogen to organic carbon, molecular weight, fluorescence characteristics, functional group compositions, and relative hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of all the tested organic matter were considerably different from their sources. The SRHA and SRFA were mainly composed of hydrophobic fractions while the AOM and BOM included more hydrophilic fractions than the SRHA and SRFA due to the alcohol and amide functional groups. This indicated that the origin of organic matter in natural waters can be predicted by their physicochemical characteristics, and the source identification of organic matter provides a better understanding of the interactions between the origin of organic matter and water treatment processes (e.g., coagulation and membrane filtration).

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12

Tsikas, Dimitrios, e Alexander A. Zoerner. "Analysis of eicosanoids, amino acids, organic acids, and microRNAs". Journal of Chromatography B 964 (agosto 2014): vii—viii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.06.001.

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13

Partanen, Kirsi, Jarkko K. Niemi e Timo Karhula. "Organic Acids in Pig Diets". Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition 2009, n. 1 (15 luglio 2010): 257–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5661/recadv-09-257.

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14

Mattey, Michael. "The Production of Organic Acids". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 12, n. 1-2 (gennaio 1992): 87–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07388559209069189.

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15

Buijse, Marten, Peter de Boer, Bert Breukel e Gerardo Burgos. "Organic Acids in Carbonate Acidizing". SPE Production & Facilities 19, n. 03 (1 agosto 2004): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/82211-pa.

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16

Tikhonova, Anastasia Nikolaevna, Natalia Mikhailovna Ageyeva, Alla Andreyevna Abakumova, Svetlana Aleksandrovna Biryukova e Ekaterina Vladimirovna Globa. "ORGANIC ACIDS OF GRAPE POMACE". Fruit growing and viticulture of South Russia 2, n. 62 (17 marzo 2020): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30679/2219-5335-2020-2-62-176-188.

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17

Barth, Tanja. "Organic acids in geological processes". Organic Geochemistry 23, n. 4 (aprile 1995): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(95)90061-6.

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18

Land, L. S. "Organic acids in geological processes". Earth-Science Reviews 39, n. 1-2 (settembre 1995): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(95)90015-2.

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19

Oelkers, Eric H. "Organic Acids in Aquatic Ecosystems". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 55, n. 3 (marzo 1991): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90358-c.

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20

Helas, G. "Organic acids in clean atmospheres". Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 333, n. 7 (gennaio 1989): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00476558.

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21

Karovičová, J., J. Polonský e P. Šimko. "Organic acids in malt sprouts". Food / Nahrung 36, n. 1 (1992): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19920360115.

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22

Yang, Chenxi, Xia Sheng, Ling Zhang, Jiang Yu e Dayun Huang. "Arylacetic Acids in Organic Synthesis". Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry 9, n. 1 (19 novembre 2019): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajoc.201900583.

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23

Yatavelli, R. L. N., H. Stark, S. L. Thompson, J. R. Kimmel, M. J. Cubison, D. A. Day, P. Campuzano-Jost et al. "Semicontinuous measurements of gas–particle partitioning of organic acids in a ponderosa pine forest using a MOVI-HRToF-CIMS". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, n. 3 (11 febbraio 2014): 1527–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1527-2014.

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Abstract. Hundreds of gas- and particle-phase organic acids were measured in a rural ponderosa pine forest in Colorado, USA, during BEACHON-RoMBAS (Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics & Nitrogen – Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study). A recently developed micro-orifice volatilization impactor high-resolution time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (MOVI-HRToF-CIMS) using acetate (CH3C(O)O−) as the reagent ion was used to selectively ionize and detect acids semicontinuously from 20 to 30 August 2011, with a measurement time resolution of ~1.5 h. At this site 98% of the organic acid mass is estimated to be in the gas phase, with only ~2% in the particle phase. We investigated gas–particle partitioning, quantified as the fraction in the particle phase (Fp), of C1–C18 alkanoic acids, six known terpenoic acids, and bulk organic acids vs. carbon number. Data were compared to the absorptive partitioning model and suggest that bulk organic acids at this site follow absorptive partitioning to the organic aerosol mass. The rapid response (<1–2 h) of partitioning to temperature changes for bulk acids suggests that kinetic limitations to equilibrium are minor, which is in contrast to conclusions of some recent laboratory and field studies, possibly due to lack of very low ambient relative humidities at this site. Time trends for partitioning of individual and groups of acids were mostly captured by the model, with varying degrees of absolute agreement. Species with predicted substantial fractions in both the gas and particle phases show better absolute agreement, while species with very low predicted fractions in one phase often show poor agreement, potentially due to thermal decomposition, inlet adsorption, or other issues. Partitioning to the aqueous phase is predicted to be smaller than to the organic phase for alkanoic and bulk acids, and has different trends with time and carbon number than observed experimentally. This is due to the limited additional functionalization observed for the bulk acids. Partitioning to water appears to only play a role for the most oxidized acids during periods of high aerosol liquid water. Based on measurement–model comparison we conclude that species carbon number and oxygen content, together with ambient temperature, control the volatility of organic acids and are good predictors for partitioning at this site. Partitioning of bulk acids is more consistent with model predictions for hydroxy acids, hydroperoxyacids, or polyacids, and less so for keto acids.

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Wasielewska, Marta, Anna Banel e Bogdan Zygmunt. "Capillary Electrophoresis in Determination of Low Molecular Mass Organic Acids". International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 5, n. 4 (2014): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2014.v5.520.

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25

Bayraktar, V. N. "ORGANIC ACIDS CONCENTRATION IN WINE STOCKS AFTER Saccharomyces cerevisiae FERMENTATION". Biotechnologia Acta 6, n. 2 (2013): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech6.02.097.

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26

Chianese, Simeone, Angelo Fenti, Pasquale Iovino, Dino Musmarra e Stefano Salvestrini. "Sorption of Organic Pollutants by Humic Acids: A Review". Molecules 25, n. 4 (19 febbraio 2020): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040918.

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Humic acids (HA) are promising green materials for water and wastewater treatment. They show a strong ability to sorb cationic and hydrophobic organic pollutants. Cationic compounds interact mainly by electrostatic interaction with the deprotonated carboxylic groups of HA. Other functional groups of HA such as quinones, may form covalent bonds with aromatic ammines or similar organic compounds. Computational and experimental works show that the interaction of HA with hydrophobic organics is mainly due to π–π interactions, hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding. Several works report that sorbing efficiency is related to the hydrophobicity of the sorbate. Papers about the interaction between organic pollutants and humic acids dissolved in solution, in the solid state and adsorbed onto solid particles, like aluminosilicates and magnetic materials, are reviewed and discussed. A short discussion of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the sorption process, with indication of the main mistakes reported in literature, is also given.

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27

Yatavelli, R. L. N., H. Stark, S. L. Thompson, J. R. Kimmel, M. J. Cubison, D. A. Day, P. Campuzano-Jost et al. "Semi-continuous measurements of gas/particle partitioning of organic acids in a ponderosa pine forest using a MOVI-HRToF-CIMS". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, n. 6 (28 giugno 2013): 17327–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-17327-2013.

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Abstract. Hundreds of gas and particle phase organic acids were measured in a rural ponderosa pine forest in Colorado, USA, during the Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics and Nitrogen – Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study (BEACHON-RoMBAS). A recently developed Micro-Orifice Volatilization Impactor High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (MOVI-HRToF-CIMS) using acetate (CH3C(O)O-) as the reagent ion was used to selectively ionize and detect acids semi-continuously from 20–30 August 2011, with a measurement time resolution of ~1.5 h. At this site 98% of the organic acid mass is estimated to be in the gas-phase, with only ~2% in the particle phase. We investigated gas/particle partitioning, quantified as the fraction in the particle phase (Fp), of C1–C18 alkanoic acids, six known terpenoic acids and total bulk organic acids. Data were compared to the absorptive partitioning model and suggest that bulk organic acids at this site follow absorptive partitioning to the organic aerosol mass. The rapid response (<1–2 h) of partitioning to temperature changes for bulk acids suggests that kinetic limitations to equilibrium are minor, which is in contrast to conclusions of some recent laboratory and field studies, possibly due to lack of very low ambient relative humidities at this site. Time trends for partitioning of individual and groups of acids were mostly captured by the model, with varying degrees of absolute agreement. Species with predicted substantial fractions in both the gas and particle phases show better absolute agreement, while species with very low predicted fractions in one phase often show agreement on trends, but poor absolute agreement, potentially due to thermal decomposition, inlet adsorption, or other issues. Based on measurement-model comparison we conclude that species carbon number and oxygen content, together with ambient temperature control the volatility of organic acids and are good predictors for partitioning. Partitioning of bulk acids is more consistent with model predictions for hydroxyacids, hydroperoxyacids, or polyacids, and less so for ketoacids.

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28

MATO, INÉS, JOSÉ F. HUIDOBRO, JESÚS SIMAL-LOZANO e M. TERESA SANCHO. "Significance of Nonaromatic Organic Acids in Honey". Journal of Food Protection 66, n. 12 (1 dicembre 2003): 2371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.12.2371.

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Although organic acids represent <0.5% of honey's constituents, they make important contributions to the organoleptic, physical, and chemical properties of honey. To date, approximately 30 nonaromatic organic acids have been identified in honey, but relatively little attention has been paid to these components. This article reviews the current literature related to the significance of nonaromatic organic acids in honey; it was written with a goal of attracting researchers to study these interesting honey components. Previous research contributions on nonaromatic organic acids in honey may be classified into five main areas: (i) the antibacterial activities of these acids, (ii) the antioxidant activities of these acids, (iii) the use of these acids as possible indicators of incipient fermentation, (iv) the use of these acids for treatment of Varroa infestation, and (v) the use of these acids as factors for the characterization of both botanical and geographical origins of honeys. We conclude that nonaromatic organic acids are of interest for diverse reasons and that there is a particular need for studies regarding their possible antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

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GIANNENAS (Η. ΓΙΑΝΝΕΝΑΣ), I. A. "Organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition". Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 57, n. 1 (27 novembre 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15009.

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In this review article, the use of organic acids as feed additives is being examined in pig and poultry nutrition. The aim of this article was to evaluate the effect of organic acids and their salts on pig and poultry performance, to describe the organic acids used in animal nutrition, to discuss the route of administration and to investigate the mode of their action. The most widely used organic acids are formic, acetic, propionic, fumarie, citric, sorbic and butyric acid, and their salts as well. These organic acids are administered mainly through the feed, but they may be administered through the drinking water as well. Successful utilization of organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition requires knowledge of their mode of action. It is generally accepted that organic acids and their salts lower feed and gastric pH, increasing the activity of proteolytic enzymes and, thus, improving protein digestion. Besides, they reduce the buffering capacity of the feeds, resulting in reduced intestinal colonization with pathogens. They also improve the apparent digestibility of proteins and amino acids, increase the absorption of minerals and affect the composition of intestinal microflora and mucosal morphology. Relevant experimentations suggest that the organic acids improve growth rate and feed efficiency ratio in weaned piglets and fattening pigs. Also, the organic acids improve the performance of broiler chickens when used in relatively high doses, whereas, in laying hens, they improve the absorption of macroelements, like phosphorus and calcium. The present article suggests that after the recent ban on the use of the antibiotic growth promoting substances by the EU, the use of organic acids in pig and poultry nutrition appears to be an interesting alternative. However, the effect of organic acids on performance of pigs and poultry varies considerably and, thus, further research is needed for a better understanding of the mode of action and the efficacy of these compounds.

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Kataoka, Eiko, Chiyoko Tokue, Tomoko Yamashita e Wahachiro Tanimura. "Amino acids, organic acids, fatty acids, trimethylamine and methional in improved fish sauce." Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 45, n. 2 (1987): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.45.67.

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Vera-Álava, José Olmedo, José Gregorio Arteaga-Solórzano e Sixto Leonardo Reyna-Gallegos. "Organic acids, microbiota, gut health and productive response in broilers chickens". Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA 15, n. 2 (2 luglio 2023): e1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24188/recia.v15.n2.2023.1019.

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Since the middle of the last century, the use of antibiotic growth promoters in feed has improved the performance of several food-producing animal species. However, bacterial resistance to these drugs threatens public health and has led to their prohibition in animal feed. This has increased enteric problems in broilers and consequently the use of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes. In this context, several alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters have been proposed, among them organic acids, which, according to their physical and chemical properties, modify the composition of the intestinal microbiota, whose metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, favor the intestinal morphology, physiology, integrity, and immunity, aspects that contribute to maintain the health of this organ and increase the bioavailability of nutrients and, ultimately, to improve the productive response of birds. This review describes the main characteristics of the organic acids commonly used in the poultry industry, their mechanisms of action and their effects, individually, in combinations of organic acids or with bioactive, on the microbiota, their metabolites, and how this affects the intestinal health and productive performance of broilers under different sanitary and environmental conditions, as well as factors that potentially interfere with the activity of organics acids.

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Karpiński, Tomasz M., e Marcin Ożarowski. "Plant Organic Acids as Natural Inhibitors of Foodborne Pathogens". Applied Sciences 14, n. 14 (20 luglio 2024): 6340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14146340.

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Background: Foodborne infections affect approximately 600 million people annually. Simultaneously, many plants contain substances like organic acids, which have antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 21 organic acids, naturally occurring in plants, on four foodborne bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica Typhimurium) and two fungi (Geotrichum candidum and Penicillium candidum). Methods: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the organic acids against foodborne bacteria and in silico toxicity prediction of acids were investigated. Results: Benzoic and salicylic acids exhibit the best activity against foodborne bacteria (mean MIC < 1 mg/mL). Acetic, chlorogenic, formic, malic, nicotinic, and rosmarinic acids demonstrate slightly weaker activity (mean MICs 1–2 mg/mL). Other acids have moderate or poor activity. The effectiveness of organic acids against foodborne fungi is weaker than against bacteria. Most acids require high concentrations (from 10 to >100 mg/mL) to inhibit fungal growth effectively. The predicted LD50 of organic acids ranges from 48 to 5000 mg/kg. Those potentially safe as food preservatives (MIC < LD50) include ascorbic, chlorogenic, malic, nicotinic, rosmarinic, salicylic, succinic, tannic, and tartaric acids. The studied organic acids are not carcinogenic but many can cause adverse effects such as skin sensitization, eye irritation, and potential nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, or neurotoxicity. Conclusions: Most of the investigated plant-derived organic acids exhibit good antibacterial activity and moderate or poor antifungal effects. Among 21 acids, only 9 appear to be safe as food preservatives (MIC < LD50). The relationship between MIC and LD50 is crucial in determining the suitability of organic acids as food preservatives, ensuring that they are effective against bacteria or fungi at concentrations that are not harmful to humans.

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33

Acree, William E., e W. Earle Waghorne. "IUPAC–NIST Solubility Data Series. 105. Solubility of Solid Alkanoic Acids, Alkenoic Acids, Alkanedioic Acids, and Alkenedioic Acids Dissolved in Neat Organic Solvents, Organic Solvent Mixtures, and Aqueous–Organic Solvent Mixtures. I. Alkanoic Acids". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 50, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2021): 043103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0062574.

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34

Botta, R., C. Gianotti, D. Richardson, A. Suwanagul e Carlos L. Sanz. "HAZELNUT VARIETY ORGANIC ACIDS, SUGARS, AND TOTAL LIPID FATTY ACIDS". Acta Horticulturae, n. 351 (gennaio 1994): 693–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1994.351.77.

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35

Koshkin, S. A., A. R. Garifzyanov, N. V. Davletshina, M. S. Valeeva e R. A. Cherkasov. "Membrane transport of organic acids by N-methylphosphorylated amino acids". Russian Journal of General Chemistry 84, n. 11 (novembre 2014): 2289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363214110462.

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36

Herman, David C., Phillip M. Fedorak, Mike D. MacKinnon e J. W. Costerton. "Biodegradation of naphthenic acids by microbial populations indigenous to oil sands tailings". Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, n. 6 (1 giugno 1994): 467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-076.

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Organic acids, similar in structure to naphthenic acids, have been associated with the acute toxicity of tailings produced by the oil sands industry in northeastern Alberta, Canada. Bacterial cultures enriched from oil sands tailings were found to utilize as their sole carbon source both a commercial mixture of naphthenic acids and a mixture of organic acids extracted from oil sands tailings. Gas chromatographic analysis of both the commercial naphthenic acids and the extracted organic acids revealed an unresolved "hump" formed by the presence of many overlapping peaks. Microbial activity directed against the commercial mixture of naphthenic acids converted approximately 50% of organic carbon into CO2 and resulted in a reduction in many of the gas chromatographic peaks associated with this mixture. Acute toxicity testing utilizing the Microtox test revealed a complete absence of detectable toxicity following the biodegradation of the naphthenic acids. Microbial activity mineralized approximately 20% of the organic carbon present in the extracted organic acids mixture, although there was no indication of a reduction in any gas chromatographic peaks with biodegradation. Microbial attack on the organic acids mixture reduced acute toxicity to approximately one half of the original level. Respirometric measurements of microbial activity within microcosms containing oil sands tailings were used to provide further evidence that the indigenous microbial community could biodegrade naphthenic acids and components within the extracted organic acids mixture.Key words: naphthenic acids, biodegradation, oil sands tailings, toxicity testing.

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37

Urra, J., P. Poirrier, R. Chamy, J. Segovia e Y. Lesty. "Analysis of the methodology to determine anaerobic toxicity: evaluation of main compounds present in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)". Water Science and Technology 57, n. 6 (1 marzo 2008): 857–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.105.

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The influence of the concentration of biomass on the level of inhibition and anaerobic degradation kinetics in batch systems was studied with toxic compounds that can generate destabilization in the operation of sludge anaerobic digesters. The compounds were grouped in four families; long chain fatty acids, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, linear alkylbenzene sulphonates and organic acids. For the organic acids, there is no effect due to the biomass concentration variation, therefore it is a competitive inhibition; but that doesn't happen with the remaining compounds, where there is a dependence on the complexity of their structure, becoming a non-competitive inhibition. In addition, it was observed that the degradation kinetics is affected, whether diminishing the methane production (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, linear alkylbenzene sulphonates, organics acids) or increasing the initial latency time (long chain fatty acids) without this becoming an obstacle to obtain the maximum methane productions for the latter ones.

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38

Shestakova, G. Yu, А. А. Gudkova, А. S. Chistyakova e V. А. Agafonov. "ORGANIC ACIDS OF BLUE JACOB'S LADDER". Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens 1, n. 138 (14 maggio 2021): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0513-1634-2021-138-85-91.

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Despite the high interest of researchers in the study of organic acids in various plant objects, there is no information on the composition of organic acids for many officinal plant species. Such species include а plant known for а long time in medical practice - Blue Jacob's Ladder (Polemonium caeruleum L.), belonging to the family of Polemoniaceae.Samples of grass and rhizomes with roots Blue Jacob's Ladder were used as the studied plant material and were harvested in the Altai Territory and purchased from а private supplier. Blue Jacob's Ladder grass was collected during flowering, underground organs - in autumn, in the first year of the plant's life. The quantitative total organic acid content in terrns of malic acid was carried out Ьу the titrimetric method according to phaпnacopoeial monograph.2.5.0093.18 State Pharmacopoeia of the RF XIV ed. "Rowan ordinary fmit". The experimental study of the quahtative composition of organic acids and the assessment of their quantitative content in the grass of the studied objects was carried out using the electrophoretic method (Кареl, St. Petersburg, Russia). А high content of organic acids in grass and rhizomes with roots Blue Jacob's Ladder was estabhshed Ьу the phaпnacopoeial method. Ву the electrophoretic method the profile and quantitative content of organic acids of Blue Jacob's Ladder was studied for the fIГSt time, а comparative research of their content in grass and rhizomes with roots was carried out. The difference between grass and root-peel with roots of the studied plant is shown, both in component and quantitative composition of organic acids.

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39

Nah, Theodora, Hongyu Guo, Amy P. Sullivan, Yunle Chen, David J. Tanner, Athanasios Nenes, Armistead Russell, Nga Lee Ng, L. Gregory Huey e Rodney J. Weber. "Characterization of aerosol composition, aerosol acidity, and organic acid partitioning at an agriculturally intensive rural southeastern US site". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, n. 15 (15 agosto 2018): 11471–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11471-2018.

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Abstract. The implementation of stringent emission regulations has resulted in the decline of anthropogenic pollutants including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO). In contrast, ammonia (NH3) emissions are largely unregulated, with emissions projected to increase in the future. We present real-time aerosol and gas measurements from a field study conducted in an agriculturally intensive region in the southeastern US during the fall of 2016 to investigate how NH3 affects particle acidity and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation via the gas–particle partitioning of semi-volatile organic acids. Particle water and pH were determined using the ISORROPIA II thermodynamic model and validated by comparing predicted inorganic HNO3-NO3- and NH3-NH4+ gas–particle partitioning ratios with measured values. Our results showed that despite the high NH3 concentrations (average 8.1±5.2 ppb), PM1 was highly acidic with pH values ranging from 0.9 to 3.8, and an average pH of 2.2±0.6. PM1 pH varied by approximately 1.4 units diurnally. Formic and acetic acids were the most abundant gas-phase organic acids, and oxalate was the most abundant particle-phase water-soluble organic acid anion. Measured particle-phase water-soluble organic acids were on average 6 % of the total non-refractory PM1 organic aerosol mass. The measured molar fraction of oxalic acid in the particle phase (i.e., particle-phase oxalic acid molar concentration divided by the total oxalic acid molar concentration) ranged between 47 % and 90 % for a PM1 pH of 1.2 to 3.4. The measured oxalic acid gas–particle partitioning ratios were in good agreement with their corresponding thermodynamic predictions, calculated based on oxalic acid's physicochemical properties, ambient temperature, particle water, and pH. In contrast, gas–particle partitioning ratios of formic and acetic acids were not well predicted for reasons currently unknown. For this study, higher NH3 concentrations relative to what has been measured in the region in previous studies had minor effects on PM1 organic acids and their influence on the overall organic aerosol and PM1 mass concentrations.

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40

Malinovska, I. M. "DECOMPOSITION OF PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS IN AQUEOUS AND POLYSACCHARIDE SOLUTIONS OF ORGANIC ACIDS". Biotechnologia Acta 16, n. 3 (30 giugno 2023): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech16.03.059.

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The purpose was to study the patterns of dissolution (solubilization) of phosphorus-containing minerals in aqueous and polysaccharide solutions of organic acids in order to model the mechanism of mineral destruction by soil bacteria synthesizing organic acids and exopolysaccharides. Methods. Model, laboratory-analytical, microbiological, statistical. Results. The destructive effect of organic acids on minerals is manifested both in aqueous and polysaccharide solutions. The introduction of bacterial polysaccharide into an aqueous solution of acids increases the decomposition of phosphorus-containing minerals by 1.34̶ 4.96 times. The influence of the chemical structure of acid molecules on the intensity of mineral decomposition is mainly manifested in the presence of bacterial polysaccharide, while in an aqueous solution the effectiveness of acid action depends on the nature of the mineral being destroyed. To the maximum degree, polysaccharide increases the destruction of minerals in a solution of citric acid: molten magnesium phosphate ̶ 2.55 times, thermophosphate ̶ 2.11 times, phosphate flour ̶ 4.96 times. Decomposition of phosphorus compounds in solutions of ascorbic and oxalic acids enhances bacterial polysaccharide to a lesser extent than in citric acid solution. Modeling the destruction of phosphorus-containing minerals under non-sterile conditions (soil conditions) made it possible to establish that organic acids under non-sterile conditions are subject to consumption by soil microbiota, especially ascorbic and citric acids, and to a lesser extent - succinic. Aqueous solutions of organic acids after 18 hours of incubation in non-sterile conditions lose their leaching activity by 1.06 ̶12.1 times. The introduction of a polysaccharide into aqueous solutions of acids makes it possible to avoid their rapid consumption by microorganisms, because of which the efficiency of mineral leaching under non-sterile conditions decreasшes by only 5–20% compared to sterile ones. Conclusions. The introduction of a bacterial polysaccharide into a solution of organic acids enables the latter to be transferred to a sorbed state, as a result of which their susceptibility to consumption by microorganisms is sharply reduced. Thus, polysaccharide-forming bacteria not only destroy minerals more intensively than microorganisms synthesizing only low-molecular-weight metabolites, but also synthesize a more stable and long-term functioning leaching complex in the soil.

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41

Priecina, Liga, e Daina Karklina. "COMPOSITION OF MAJOR ORGANIC ACIDS IN VEGETABLES AND SPICES". CBU International Conference Proceedings 3 (19 settembre 2015): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v3.637.

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Organic acids are one of the major phytochemicals in vegetables and responsible for food taste and odor. Different organic acids are analyzed in fruits and cereals, but least in vegetables and spices. Organic acids has been analyzed because of their high importance in the formation of other phytochemical and increased antioxidant activity. The aim of the current research was to determine the oxalic, tartaric, quinic, malic, malonic, ascorbic, citric, fumaric, succinic, salicylic and benzoic acid content in fresh and pre-treated (with steam) vegetables and spices using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Major organic acids in highest concentrations in spices and vegetables are quinic, malic, malonic and citric acids. Spices contain higher total organic acid content than vegetables. Using steaming as pre-treatment, some of the organic acids content significantly decreased. Obtained changes could be explained by the organic acid formation into more complex chemicals in food or metabolic process. For the future, these changes will be combined with individual phenolic compound changes in analyzed samples.

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42

Van Noolen, Laetitia, Cécile Acquaviva-Bourdain, Anne-Frédérique Dessein, Régine Minet-Quinard, Marie Nowoczyn, Roselyne Garnotel e Christelle Corne. "Recommendations for urinary organic acids analysis". Annales de Biologie Clinique 78, n. 5 (ottobre 2020): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/abc.2020.1583.

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GABOW, PATRICIA A. "Organic Acids in Ethylene Glycol Intoxication". Annals of Internal Medicine 105, n. 1 (1 luglio 1986): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-1-16.

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JACOBSEN, DAG. "Organic Acids in Ethylene Glycol Intoxication". Annals of Internal Medicine 105, n. 5 (1 novembre 1986): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-5-799_3.

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45

Kaur, Navjeet, e Dharma Kishore. "Peroxy Acids: Role in Organic Synthesis". Synthetic Communications 44, n. 6 (20 febbraio 2014): 721–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397911.2012.746369.

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46

Linko, Yu-Yen, Ю.-Йен Линко e Ю. Ен Линко. "Continuous Biotechnological Production of Organic Acids". Biotechnology & Bioindustry 2, n. 3 (gennaio 1987): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02052067.1987.10819281.

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47

Terán-García, Margarita, Isabel Ibarra e Antonio Velázquez. "Urinary Organic Acids in Infant Malnutrition". Pediatric Research 44, n. 3 (settembre 1998): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199809000-00020.

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48

Yuen, Joyce Pui-yee. "Inhibition ofnodGeneExpression inBradyrhizobium japonicumby Organic Acids". Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 9, n. 5 (1996): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-9-0424.

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49

Corma, A. "Organic reactions catalyzed over solid acids". Catalysis Today 38, n. 3 (17 novembre 1997): 257–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(97)81500-1.

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50

Ali, Nasir, Chang Lu e Richard Masel. "Catalytic oxidation of odorous organic acids". Catalysis Today 62, n. 4 (dicembre 2000): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(00)00436-3.

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