Tesi sul tema "Optimisation de route"
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Mrazovic, Petar. "Crowdsensing-driven route optimisation algorithms for smart urban mobility". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/663456.
Testo completoLa movilidad urbana es considerada una de las principales desencadenantes de un desarrollo urbano sostenible. Sin embargo, hoy en día se requiere una transición hacia un transporte urbano más limpio y más eficiente que soporte una concentración de recursos sociales y económicos cada vez mayor en las ciudades. Una de las principales prioridades para las ciudades de todo el mundo es facilitar la movilidad de los ciudadanos dentro de los entornos urbanos, al mismo tiempo que se reduce la congestión, los accidentes y la contaminación. Sin embargo, desarrollar una movilidad urbana más eficiente y más verde (o en una palabra, más inteligente) es uno de los temas más difíciles de afrontar para las grandes áreas metropolitanas. En esta tesis, abordamos este problema desde la perspectiva de un panorama TIC en rápida evolución que nos permite construir movilidad sin la necesidad de grandes inversiones ni sofisticadas tecnologías de sensores. En particular, proponemos aprovechar el paradigma Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) en el que los ciudadanos utilizan sus teléfonos móviles y dispositivos, para nosotros recopilar, procesar y analizar localmente información georreferenciada, distribuida voluntariamente. Los datos de movilidad recopilados de ciudadanos que voluntariamente quieren compartirlos (por ejemplo, eventos, intensidad del tráfico, ruido y contaminación del aire, etc.) pueden proporcionar información valiosa sobre las condiciones de movilidad actuales en la ciudad, que con el algoritmo de procesamiento de datos adecuado, pueden utilizarse para enrutar y gestionar el flujo de gente en entornos urbanos. Por lo tanto, en esta tesis combinamos dos prometedoras fuentes de movilidad inteligente: MCS y la planificación de viajes/rutas, uniendo en cierta medida los distintos desafíos de investigación. Hemos dividido nuestros objetivos de investigación en dos etapas: (1) Desafíos arquitectónicos en el diseño de sistemas MCS y (2) Desafíos algorítmicos en la planificación de rutas aprovechando la información del MCS. Nuestro objetivo es demostrar una progresión lógica de la investigación a lo largo del tiempo, comenzando desde los fundamentos de los sistemas de detección centrados en personas, como el MCS, hasta los algoritmos de optimización de rutas diseñados específicamente para la aplicación de estos. Si bien nos centramos en algoritmos y heurísticas para resolver problemas de enrutamiento de clase NP-hard, utilizamos ejemplos de aplicaciones en el mundo real para mostrar las ventajas de los algoritmos e infraestructuras propuestas.
Kajgård, Emil. "Route Optimisation for Winter Road Maintenance using Constraint Modelling". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-268025.
Testo completoDurand, Nicolas. "Optimisation de trajectoires pour la résolution de conflits aériens en route". Toulouse, INPT, 1996. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01293710.
Testo completoDjannaty, Farhad. "Network based heuristics for the set covering problem". Thesis, Brunel University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320547.
Testo completoBoje, E. P., e B. J. Kotze. "An integrated control system for an Automatic Guided Vehicle (AGV)". Interim : Interdisciplinary Journal, Vol 7, Issue 1: Central University of Technology Free State Bloemfontein, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/376.
Testo completoAn immense amount of research is currently, being done on the development and use of Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGVs) in industry. An important component of this research often involves navigation and route-optimization of such AGVs. In this paper the design and control of an AGV, using a stationary control system and a GPS-like navigational system, is discussed. Substantial provision has also been made for the display of operational characteristics of the AGV on the stationary control unit.
Kemloh, Wagoum Armel Ulrich [Verfasser]. "Route Choice Modelling and Runtime Optimisation for Simulation of Building Evacuation / Armel Ulrich Kemloh Wagoum". Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037086201/34.
Testo completoKandirakis, Ioannis. "Route optimisation for mobile IPV6 using the return routability procedure: test bed implementation and security analysis /". Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FKandirakis.pdf.
Testo completoZawahreh, Yousef 'Issa. "A novel microwave synthesis of calcium hydroxyapatite : optimisation and investigation of a microwave assisted reaction route". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251711.
Testo completoZhou, Jun. "Optimisation des procédures de départ et d'arrivée dans une zone terminale". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30033/document.
Testo completoThis thesis proposes a methodology for the optimization of departure and arrival routes in the Terminal Maneuvering Area (TMA). The design of these routes takes into account the configuration and environment around airports, and the related constraints, in particular the avoidance of obstacles and the separation between routes. We propose a mathematical formulation leading to a combinatorial optimization problem, as well as efficient ad hoc resolution methods for the problem. The problem is solved in two steps. First, we design an individual route avoiding obstacles with respect to minimum route length by using a Branch and Bound (B&B) method. Afterwards, the design of multiple routes is solved by two different approaches: a B&B-based approach (where routes are generated sequentially in a given order) and a Simulated Annealing approach (where routes are generated simultaneously). The simulation results of a set of (artificial and real) test problems show the efficiency of our approach
Berntsson, Simon, e Mattias Andreasson. "Efficient Route-based Optimal Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Vehicles". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148565.
Testo completoLoyer, Bruno. "Conception fonctionnelle robuste par optimisation multicritère de systèmes de suspension automobile passifs et semi-actifs". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2009. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T2152_bloyer.pdf.
Testo completoIn the last few years, extreme competition between car manufacturers led to higher quality and safety standards, and reduction of costs and delays in product development. Together with technical and regulation evolutions, this caused the design of vehicle subsystems to become more and more constraint. In such a context, designers who want to meet customer requirements have to take the robustness of their products into account, even at early stages of the design process. Indeed, due to the variability of the product itself (in terms of geometrical or mechanical properties, of assembly or ageing of components), or its operating conditions, the stability of the announced performance levels has to be specified and guaranteed, in presence of uncertainty. In addition to high numbers of design variables, constraints and objectives, this ‘robust design’ requires a numerical simulation of this uncertainty. Therefore, a reliable, hierarchized and computationally efficient methodology that fully complies with the V-diagram of Systems Engineering is needed. The First Design methodology is one possible approach. It was successfully used in previous works. The aim of the present thesis is to extend some of its features, and apply it to the robust optimization of the ‘level 5’ functional architecture of automotive suspension systems: front and rear axle design parameters and primary variables of the tires. For this purpose, models and associated tools for optimization and computer-aided decision have to be developed in order to define a global and reliable procedure for the specification of these systems, with a fully integrated and quantified notion of the robustness. The proposed technique, partly relying on physical simplified models and sensitivity estimators directly integrated in the used optimization algorithms, improved the robustness of the solutions significantly, and emphasized the performance gains achieved by taking the presence of semi-active components into account, at early phases of the project
Portaz, Christophe. "Contribution à la conception d'un superviseur de Contrôle Global Châssis". Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAL0112.
Testo completoThe active chassis systems are used to improve the dynamic performance of car, remove the usual compromise of automotive design, offer the adaptability to situations and taxi driving styles. Where two active systems coexist, it combines their actions and make the best of this combination led to Control Global. . The objective of this study is to demonstrate the value of supervision of the actions of active systems (as opposed to the actuators is not communicating with each other or not) and provide tools to improve the performance of all created. After introducing the driving conditions typically used for evaluating the dynamic behavior of a vehicle testing or simulation, we present the active chassis actuators. We put in place the necessary simulation tools to study and evaluate the performance of active systems. When this assessment is done we set up a method of optimizing instructions sent to the actuators using different numerical optimization algorithms. The methods and tools developed in this study allow for further development of the Global Control Chassis propose operating points and distribution of tasks between the actuators, for the development of control laws
Voller, Gordon Paul. "Analysis of heat dissipation from railway and automotive friction brakes". Thesis, Brunel University, 2003. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5558.
Testo completoAfanga, Khalid. "Modélisation systémique des filières sidérurgiques en vue de leur optimisation énergétique et environnementale". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0268/document.
Testo completoThis research study deals with mathematical modeling of the main steelmaking processes following a systems approach. The objective was to build a modeling tool of the whole steelmaking route devoted to its energetic and environmental optimization. We developed physical-chemical models for the blast furnace, the coke oven, the sintering plant and the basic oxygen furnace. These models were then linked together in a single flow sheet using the ASPEN Plus software. First, we focused on the top gas recycling blast furnace, a novel variant of the blast furnace in which the top gas is recycled and re-injected into the tuyeres after CO2 removal and capture. We tested both a reinjection at one level (tuyeres only) and at two levels (tuyeres and shaft). The results were successfully compared with experimental data from a pilot reactor and demonstrate that recycling can lower the blast furnace CO2 emissions by more than 20%. Recycling at two levels does not seem more efficient than at a single level. Second, we simulated the operation of an entire integrated steelmaking plant. Different configurations were tested, using a conventional blast furnace or a top gas recycling blast furnace, considering a possible recycling of the converter slag to the sintering plant, and studying the influence of Si content in the hot metal on the entire steelmaking plant operation. We show that it is possible to reduce the cost of producing steel by substituting and recycling various by-products
Afanga, Khalid. "Modélisation systémique des filières sidérurgiques en vue de leur optimisation énergétique et environnementale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/prive/DDOC_T_2014_0268_AFANGA.pdf.
Testo completoThis research study deals with mathematical modeling of the main steelmaking processes following a systems approach. The objective was to build a modeling tool of the whole steelmaking route devoted to its energetic and environmental optimization. We developed physical-chemical models for the blast furnace, the coke oven, the sintering plant and the basic oxygen furnace. These models were then linked together in a single flow sheet using the ASPEN Plus software. First, we focused on the top gas recycling blast furnace, a novel variant of the blast furnace in which the top gas is recycled and re-injected into the tuyeres after CO2 removal and capture. We tested both a reinjection at one level (tuyeres only) and at two levels (tuyeres and shaft). The results were successfully compared with experimental data from a pilot reactor and demonstrate that recycling can lower the blast furnace CO2 emissions by more than 20%. Recycling at two levels does not seem more efficient than at a single level. Second, we simulated the operation of an entire integrated steelmaking plant. Different configurations were tested, using a conventional blast furnace or a top gas recycling blast furnace, considering a possible recycling of the converter slag to the sintering plant, and studying the influence of Si content in the hot metal on the entire steelmaking plant operation. We show that it is possible to reduce the cost of producing steel by substituting and recycling various by-products
Buob, Marc-Olivier. "Routage intradomaine et interdomaine dans les réseaux de coeur". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450680.
Testo completoCailean, Alin-Mihai. "Etude, réalisation et optimisation d'un système de communication par lumière visible. : Application au domaine de l'automobile". Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0048/document.
Testo completoThe scientific problematic of this PhD is centered on the usage of Visible LightCommunications (VLC) in automotive applications. By enabling wireless communication amongvehicles and also with the traffic infrastructure, the safety and efficiency of the transportation canbe substantially increased. Considering the numerous advantages of the VLC technologyencouraged the study of its appropriateness for the envisioned automotive applications, as analternative and/or a complement for the traditional radio frequency based communications.In order to conduct this research, a low-cost VLC system for automotive application wasdeveloped. The proposed system aims to ensure a highly robust communication between a LEDbasedVLC emitter and an on-vehicle VLC receiver. For the study of vehicle to vehicle (V2V)communication, the emitter was developed based on a vehicle backlight whereas for the study ofinfrastructure to vehicle (I2V) communication, the emitter was developed based on a traffic light.Considering the VLC receiver, a central problem in this area is the design of a suitable sensorable to enhance the conditioning of the signal and to avoid disturbances due to the environmentalconditions, issues that are addressed in the thesis. The performances of a cooperative drivingsystem integrating the two components were evaluated as well.The experimental validation of the VLC system was performed in various conditions andscenarios. The results confirmed the performances of the proposed system and demonstrated thatVLC can be a viable technology for the considered applications. Furthermore, the results areencouraging towards the continuations of the work in this domain
Zgaya, Hayfa. "Conception et optimisation distribuée d'un système d'information d'aide à la mobilité urbaine : Une approche multi-agent pour la recherche et la composition des services liés au transport". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160802.
Testo completoCes travaux de recherche visent à mettre en œuvre un Système d'Information de Transport Multimodal (SITM) pour optimiser la gestion de flux des requêtes utilisateurs qui peuvent être nombreuses et simultanées. Dans ce cas, le SITM doit pouvoir procéder par des processus de décomposition des requêtes simultanées en un ensemble de tâches indépendantes. Chaque tâche correspond à un service qui peut être proposé par plusieurs fournisseurs d'information, en concurrence, avec différents couts, formats et temps de réponse. Un fournisseur d'information voulant proposer ses services via le SITM, doit d'abord y enregistrer son système d'information, en assumant la responsabilité des aspects juridiques et qualitatifs de ses données. Le SITM est donc lié à un Réseau informatique Etendu et distribué de Transport Multimodal (RETM) qui comporte plusieurs sources d'information hétérogènes des différents services proposés aux utilisateurs de transport.
L'aspect dynamique, distribué et ouvert du problème, nous a conduits à adopter une modélisation multi-agent pour assurer au système une évolution continue et une flexibilité pragmatique. Le système multi-agent proposé s'appuie sur les métaheuristiques pour la recherche et la composition des services; la recherche des services se base sur le paradigme Agent Mobile (AM) utilisant un algorithme d'optimisation dynamique de construction des Plans De Routes (PDR). Cette première étape d'optimisation prépare les parcours des AMs en prenant en considération l'état du RETM. La composition des services utilise les algorithmes évolutionnistes pour optimiser les réponses en termes de coût et de temps, sachant qu'une réponse à une requête utilisateur ne doit pas dépasser un temps maximum autorisé et qu'un utilisateur cherche toujours à avoir le meilleur rapport qualité prix pour les services qu'il demande.
Enfin, le SITM prend en considération les éventuelles perturbations sur le RETM (pannes, goulets d'étranglements, etc.) pour satisfaire les requêtes utilisateurs dans tous les cas de figure. Dans ce contexte, nous avons créé un protocole de négociation entre les agents mobiles et les agents responsables des choix des fournisseurs d'information pour les services demandés, ces agents sont appelés agents Ordonnanceurs. Le protocole proposé dépasse les limites d'une communication agent traditionnelle, ce qui nous a incités à associer au système une ontologie flexible qui permet d'automatiser les différents types d'échanges entre les agents grâce à un vocabulaire approprié.
Les résultats expérimentaux présentés dans cette thèse justifient l'utilisation du paradigme agent mobile dans notre système qui remplace parfaitement bien les paradigmes classiques telle que l'architecture client/serveur. Les simulations présentées montrent différents scénarios de gestion d'un nombre des requêtes simultanées plus ou moins important. En effet, quelque soit le nombre de requêtes utilisateurs formulées pendant un court laps de temps , le système se charge de leur décomposition, de l'identification des services demandés et des fournisseurs d'information susceptibles d'y répondre.
Tian, Wenhui. "Transition énergétique et inégalité de carbone : une analyse prospective des feuilles de route technologique pour la Chine, la France et les États-Unis d’Amérique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC001/document.
Testo completoIn the context of global warming, academic institutes, international institutions such as the IPCC, and governments of numerous countries have proposed global objectives of reducing CO2 emissions and announced national targets. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the governmental targets in comparing with the global objectives of various allocation methods, which correspond to different carbon equity principles.In order to evaluate the technology roadmaps which are necessary to achieve these reductions of CO2 emissions, a flexible modeling framework is proposed for policy makers. Our sectoral model avoids the complex computing operations. It can be customized according to different requirements and situations. We simulate the model up to the horizon 2050, which is often seen as a turning point in energy use patterns worldwide – forced by the probable decline in hydrocarbons extraction.In the thesis, the technology roadmaps for the governmental targets on CO2 emissions are studied for three typical countries: China, France, and the United States. The model covers the sectors responsible for the greatest part of CO2 emissions: power, transport, residence and industry sector, in studying the impacts of the principle energy technologies, such as energy mix, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), electric vehicles and energy efficiency.Various methods and approaches are used in our modeling. IPAT identity - which assumes the environment Impact is the results of Population, Affluence and Technology - is employed in the power sector emission decomposition. Besides STIRPAT - for Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology - model is used for the projection of CO2 emissions in the Business-as-Usual scenario. Then SVR - for Support Vector Regression - is used to forecast electricity production. Finally, the Theil index is employed as the measurement of per capita CO2 emission inequality. Different from classic cost-effective energy system models, our model provides the technology pathways for different criteria, such as balanced development of energy technology across sectors, availability of energy resources, etc. Besides, the carbon equity is employed as one of the constraints in the multi-objective optimization, under the consideration of the convergence of technologies in sectors in the long-term.Our results show that the governmental targets in France and the United States prove very strict, as they require all sectors to make large efforts in reducing CO2 emissions. In contrast, the governmental target in China seems more easily achievable, as the necessary advances of technologies are less demanding. More precisely: if the energy mix is expected to be kept unchanged in China and in the United States of America, the CCS prove indispensable in the power sector. In France, 80% of automobiles are required to be changed into electric vehicles, in order to get the target of CO2 emissions.However, under the sectoral carbon equity consideration, coal combustion is projected to be reduced by two thirds in China, and it will have to be almost eliminated in the United States to achieve their CO2 reduction target. But gas is encouraged to be used in the power sector, especially in the United States. Regarding the transport sector, more than 60% of vehicles should be replaced to electric vehicles in China, and this share will be about up to 90% in France and the United States.Finally the sensitivity of parameters in the model is tested for a robust simulation, at each step of the work, and for all technology roadmaps. The results of the sensitivity tests show that electricity production and the emission intensity of production are the two parameters with the most important influence on CO2 emissions. Thus improving the efficiency of coal combustion and the energy efficiency of electricity will play an important role in the CO2 emission reductions
Ghedira, Mohamed Chadli. "Le guidage routier et les algorithmes de routage dans les réseaux véhiculaires". Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TELE0019.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we focus on two types of architectures in vehicular networks: infrastructure networks and networks without infrastructure. The goal of this work is to define solutions to improve connectivity for passengers of vehicles in environments with variable density of access points. For this, we start by studying route guidance systems (whose purpose is to guide a vehicle from a starting point to a destination point), taking into account the locations of access points along roads. Our first contribution is to define a route guidance algorithm that offers superior connectivity compared to the default path (usually the shortest path) while maintaining a reasonable distance for passengers. We dealt also another issue which consists in minimizing the number of handovers to improve the quality of network service. We evaluated our algorithm in terms of covered distance and the number of handovers, while making sure to keep a reasonable traveled distance. After that, we studied the impact of the choice of route guidance algorithm in the performance of the network layer, where we took into account two types of routing protocols data: reactive and proactive. Next, we studied a recurrent problem in vehicular networks which is routing data from vehicle to vehicle. This is particularly useful in the absence of available infrastructure on the road. We propose a cross-layer architecture that takes advantage of the characteristics of wireless networks to design a multi-hops routing protocol. Unlike most proposals for routing protocols, our solution does not require an exchange of signaling messages between neighbors, and so improves network performance in terms of overhead and efficiency, especially for networks with high mobility such as vehicular networks, where neighbors change frequently, making it difficult to update information from each mobile node on its surroundings
Ghasemi, Dehkordi Sepehr. "Towards an optimal model for green and safe driving". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/131162/1/Sepehr_Ghasemi%20Dehkordi_Thesis.pdf.
Testo completoAnaya, Castro Maria Antonieta. "Optimisation de la pH-sensibilité de protéines végétales en vue d'améliorer leurs capacités d'encapsulation de principes actifs destinés à la voie orale". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0017/document.
Testo completoIn the pharmaceutical field, the oral route remains the preferred route of administration because it is simpler and better accepted by patients. However, this mode of administration is problematic for many active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) with low solubility, low permeability and/or instability in the gastrointestinal environment. Their microencapsulation in polymeric matrices can make them able to respond to these factors, especially if the microparticles generated resist the environments encountered during the gastrointestinal tract and then play a protective role, both for the API and for the mucous membranes encountered. The search for new excipients, from agroresources such as natural polymers, is booming. Vegetable proteins, thanks to their functional properties such as good solubility, relatively low viscosity, and emulsifying and film-forming properties, are preferred candidates. In addition, the great diversity of their functional groups makes it possible to envisage various chemical or enzymatic modifications. The aim of this work was to study the interest of soy protein as a coating material for API intended for the oral route, and more particularly as a candidate for the development of gastro-resistant forms. A soy protein isolate (SPI) was used as a coating material and the atomization as a process. Ibuprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was chosen as a model molecule because of its low solubility requiring an improvement in its bioavailability, and its gastric side effects requiring an enteric shaping. Two chemical modifications of proteins (acylation and succinylation) have been studied in order to modify the solubility of the soy protein. These modifications were carried out in accordance with the principles of Green Chemistry, especially in the absence of organic solvent. The microcapsules obtained by spray-drying were characterized in terms of rate and encapsulation efficiency, morphology and size distribution of the particles, physical state of the encapsulated API and capacity of release in simulated gastric and intestinal medium. The results obtained validated the interest of the chemical modifications of the soy protein to modulate the release kinetics of API. The chemical modifications appeared particularly suitable for the encapsulation of hydrophobic active ingredients, and allowed to obtain ibuprofen release kinetics decreased to acidic pH (gastric). The last part of this work allowed to validate this last hypothesis by the realization of gastro-resistant forms on the model of MUPS tablets (multiple unit pellet system). The results of this exploratory work demonstrate that soy protein, combined with a multiparticle shaping process coupled with direct compression, can be a biosourced, environmentally friendly alternative (aqueous solvent handling, drying and compression steps reduced) and confident to the coating used in traditional gastroresistant forms
Liang, Man. "Optimisation du réseau de routes en zone terminale". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30003/document.
Testo completoCongestion in Terminal Manoeuvring Area (TMA) at hub airports is the main problem in Chinese air transportation system. Facing extremely dense operations in complex TMA, we can consider reducing traffic complexity by solving all potential conflicts in advance with a feasible trajectory control for controllers, or automating a large proportion of routine operations, such as sequencing, merging and spacing. As parallel runways are a common structure of Chinese hub airports, in this thesis, we propose a novel system to integrated sequencing and merging aircraft to parallel runways. Our methodology integrates a Area Navigation (RNAV)-based 3D Multi-Level and Multi-Point Merge System (MLMPMS), a hybrid heuristic optimization algorithm and a simulation module to find good, systematic, operationally-acceptable solutions. First, a Receding Horizon Control (RHC) technique is applied to divide 24-hour traffic optimization problem into several sub- problems. Then, in each sub-problem, a tailored Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm and a trajectory generation module worn together to find a near-optimal solution. Our primary objective is to rapidly generate conflict-free and economical trajectories with easy, flexible and feasible control methods. Based on an initial solution, we continuously explore possible good solutions with less delay and shorter landing interval on runway. Taking Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) as a case to study, numerical results show that our optimization system performs well. First, it has very stable de-conflict performance to handle continuously dense traffic flows. Compared with Hill Climbing (HC), the tailored SA algorithm can always guarantee a conflict-free solution not only for the mixed or segregated parallel approach (arrivals only) pattern, but also for the independent parallel operation (integrated departures and arrivals) pattern. Second, with its unique Multi-Level Point Merge (ML-PM) route network, it can provide a good trajectory control solution to efficiently and economically handle different kinds of arrival flows. It can realize a shorter flying time and a near-Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) descent for arrival aircraft, compared with baseline. It also realizes an easier re-sequencing of aircraft with more relaxed position shifting as well, compared with conventional sequencing method. Theoretically, the Maximum Position Shifting (MPS) can be up to 6 positions, overcoming the hard constraint of 3 position shifts (MPS <= 3). Third, it is efficient for the segregated parallel approach patterns. Compared with hard constrained position shifting, which is often used in current Arrival Manager (AMAN) system and controller's manual-control First Come First Served (FCFS) method, it can reduce the average delay, average additional transit time in super dense arrival situations. The average time flown level per flight is less than 12% of total transit time in TMA. Fourth, in independent parallel patterns, it can provide a range of useful information concerning the associated objective value, the average flying time, crossing trajectories in hot spots between arrivals and departures, the efficiency of using different designed sequencing legs in ML-PM route network
Letrouit, Vincent. "Optimisation du réseau des routes aériennes en Europe". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0141.
Testo completoLaarabi, Mohamed Haitam. "Optimisation multicritère des itinéraires pour transport des marchandises dangereuses en employant une évaluation en logique floue du risque et la simulation du trafic à base d'agents". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0074/document.
Testo completoEveryday thousands of trucks transporting hundreds of thousands of tons of dangerous goods by various modalities and both within and across nations. However, the term “dangerous” indicates an intrinsic adversity that characterize these products, which can manifest in an accident leading to release of a hazardous substance (e.g. radioactive, flammable, explosive etc.). In this situation, the consequences can be lethal to human beings, other living organisms and damage the environment and public/private properties.The importance of dangerous goods boils down to the significant economic benefits that generates. In fact, one cannot deny the contribution of the transport of all fossil fuel derived product, which represents more than 60% of dangerous goods transported in Europe. Eni, the Italian leading petrochemical company, every day operates a fleet of about 1,500 trucks, which performs numerous trips from loading terminals to filling stations. Distribution of petroleum products is a risky activity, and an accident during the transportation may lead to serious consequences.Aware of what is at stake, the division Eni R&M - Logistics Secondary, historically active in Genoa headquarters, is collaborating since 2002 with the DIBRIS department at University of Genoa, and the CRC at Mines ParisTech, with the purpose of studying possible improvements regarding safety in transport of dangerous goods, particularly petroleum products. Over years, this collaboration has led to the development of different technologies and mainly to an information and decision support system. The major component of this system is a platform for monitoring Eni fleet, at the national level, to deliver the products to the distribution points, called the Transport Integrated Platform (TIP). These vehicles are equipped with a device capable of transmitting data stream in real-time using a GPRS modem. The data transmitted can be of different nature and contain information about the state of the vehicle and occurred events during the trip. These data are intended to be received by centralized servers then get processed and stored, in order to support various applications within the TIP.With this in mind, the studies undertaken throughout the thesis are directed towards the development of a proposal to further minimize the risk related to the transportation of dangerous goods. In other words, a trade-off based model for route selection taking into consideration economic and safety factors. The objective is prompted by the need to support existent regulations and safety standards, which does not assure a full warranty against accidents involving dangerous goods.The goal is carried out by considering the existent system as basis for developing an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) aggregating multiple software platforms. These platforms should allow planners and decision makers to monitor in real-time their fleet, to assess risk and evaluate all possible routes, to simulate and create different scenarios, and to assist at finding solutions to particular problems.Throughout this dissertation, I highlight the motivation for such research work, the related problem statements, and the challenges in dangerous goods transport. I introduce the TIP as the core for the proposed ITS architecture. For simulation purposes, virtual vehicles are injected into the system. The management of the data collection was the subject of technical improvement for more reliability, efficiency and scalability in real-time monitoring of dangerous goods shipment. Finally, I present a systematic explanation of the methodology for route optimization considering both economic and risk criteria. The risk is assessed based on various factors mainly the frequency of accident leading to hazardous substance release and its consequences. Uncertainty quantification in risk assessment is modelled using fuzzy sets theory
Ghedira, Mohamed Chadli. "Le guidage routier et les algorithmes de routage dans les réseaux véhiculaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TELE0019.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we focus on two types of architectures in vehicular networks: infrastructure networks and networks without infrastructure. The goal of this work is to define solutions to improve connectivity for passengers of vehicles in environments with variable density of access points. For this, we start by studying route guidance systems (whose purpose is to guide a vehicle from a starting point to a destination point), taking into account the locations of access points along roads. Our first contribution is to define a route guidance algorithm that offers superior connectivity compared to the default path (usually the shortest path) while maintaining a reasonable distance for passengers. We dealt also another issue which consists in minimizing the number of handovers to improve the quality of network service. We evaluated our algorithm in terms of covered distance and the number of handovers, while making sure to keep a reasonable traveled distance. After that, we studied the impact of the choice of route guidance algorithm in the performance of the network layer, where we took into account two types of routing protocols data: reactive and proactive. Next, we studied a recurrent problem in vehicular networks which is routing data from vehicle to vehicle. This is particularly useful in the absence of available infrastructure on the road. We propose a cross-layer architecture that takes advantage of the characteristics of wireless networks to design a multi-hops routing protocol. Unlike most proposals for routing protocols, our solution does not require an exchange of signaling messages between neighbors, and so improves network performance in terms of overhead and efficiency, especially for networks with high mobility such as vehicular networks, where neighbors change frequently, making it difficult to update information from each mobile node on its surroundings
Royat, Sujana. "Affectation des investissements en infrastructures de transports et aménagement de l'espace. Le cas de programmation d'investissements de routes locales dans le développement rural de la province de Java-Est, Indonésie". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529717.
Testo completoChevalier, Jérémie. "Optimisation des routes de départ et d'arrivée aux approches des grands aéroports". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30092.
Testo completoThe bottleneck of today's airspace is the Terminal Maneuvering Areas (TMA), where aircraft leave their routes to descend to an airport or take off and reach the en-route sector. To avoid congestion in these areas, an efficient design of departure and arrival routes is necessary. In this work, a solution for designing departure and arrival routes is proposed, which takes into account the runway configuration, the surroundings of the airport and operational constraints such as limited slopes or turn angles. The routes consist of two parts: a horizontal path in a graph constructed by sampling the TMA around the runway, to which is associated a cone of altitudes. The set of all routes is optimized by the Simulated Annealing metaheuristic. In the process and at each iteration, each route is computed by defining adequately the cost of the arcs in the graph and then searching a path on it. The costs are chosen so as to avoid zigzag behaviors as much as possible. Several tests were performed, one on an artificial problem designed specifically to test this approach and the three others on instances taken from the literature. The obtained results are satisfying with regard to the current state of air operations management and constraints
Geraldo, Issa Cherif. "On the consistency of some constrained maximum likelihood estimator used in crash data modelling". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10184/document.
Testo completoMost of the statistical methods used in data modeling require the search for local optimal solutions but also the estimation of standard errors linked to these solutions. These methods consist in maximizing by successive approximations the likelihood function or its approximation. Generally, one uses numerical methods adapted from the Newton-Raphson method or Fisher’s scoring. Because they require matrix inversions, these methods can be complex to implement numerically in large dimensions or when involved matrices are not invertible. To overcome these difficulties, iterative procedures requiring no matrix inversion such as MM (Minorization-Maximization) algorithms have been proposed and are considered to be efficient for problems in large dimensions and some multivariate discrete distributions. Among the new approaches proposed for data modeling in road safety, is an algorithm called iterative cyclic algorithm (CA). This thesis has two main objectives: (a) the first is to study the convergence properties of the cyclic algorithm from both numerical and stochastic viewpoints and (b) the second is to generalize the CA to more general models integrating discrete multivariate distributions and compare the performance of the generalized CA to those of its competitors
HOUSSSEINI, TEHERANT FERECHTEH. "Optimisation et elaboration de couches minces supraconductrices : application a la detection infra-rouge". Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112199.
Testo completoChauveau, Estelle. "Optimisation des routes maritimes : un système de résolution multicritère et dépendant du temps". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0139.
Testo completoMaritime charter companies try to use weather forecast in order to optimize the journeys of their fleet. Let consider a boat transporting merchandise (or goods) from a port to another. Given the date and time of departure and trying to minimize fuel consumption, determining the best route to take is a difficult problem in the meaning of complexity theory. Moreover, the best route likely changes during the journey leading to an even more difficult problem. To tackle this type of issues, many routing software are available. However, to our knowledge, the state of the art still lacks of algorithms capable of efficiently solving the problem while considering multiple and sometime contradictory criteria.The aim of the this PhD thesis is to build a relevant modelling framework to solve this problem as well as to develop algorithms to be used and validated in industrial conditions.The first task undertaken was the development of a methodology to format raw data, mainly spatial and weather data, into usable input data for mathematical model. This first step was essential as it conditioned which algorithms could be used, and consequently their efficiency. We chose to model the problem as a graph that takes time into account.The second task was the development of a multi-objective and time dependent algorithm. This algorithm identifies pareto-optimum paths within the graph.A third work focused on processing the paths in order to optimize speed during the whole journey, and as a consequence, fuel consumption
Chauveau, Estelle. "Optimisation des routes maritimes : un système de résolution multicritère et dépendant du temps". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0139/document.
Testo completoMaritime charter companies try to use weather forecast in order to optimize the journeys of their fleet. Let consider a boat transporting merchandise (or goods) from a port to another. Given the date and time of departure and trying to minimize fuel consumption, determining the best route to take is a difficult problem in the meaning of complexity theory. Moreover, the best route likely changes during the journey leading to an even more difficult problem. To tackle this type of issues, many routing software are available. However, to our knowledge, the state of the art still lacks of algorithms capable of efficiently solving the problem while considering multiple and sometime contradictory criteria.The aim of the this PhD thesis is to build a relevant modelling framework to solve this problem as well as to develop algorithms to be used and validated in industrial conditions.The first task undertaken was the development of a methodology to format raw data, mainly spatial and weather data, into usable input data for mathematical model. This first step was essential as it conditioned which algorithms could be used, and consequently their efficiency. We chose to model the problem as a graph that takes time into account.The second task was the development of a multi-objective and time dependent algorithm. This algorithm identifies pareto-optimum paths within the graph.A third work focused on processing the paths in order to optimize speed during the whole journey, and as a consequence, fuel consumption
Bilodeau, Jean-Pascal. "Optimisation de la granulométrie des matériaux granulaires de fondation des chaussées". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26136/26136.pdf.
Testo completoKeryakos, Youssef. "Detection and management of stressful situations to help the blind persons in their daily lives". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCD043.
Testo completoStress is a universal human experience that has a substantial impact on people's day-to-day functioning, particularly for those who are visually impaired. Stress is characterized as a condition of tension, either bodily or mental, that results from events that cause anxiety, agitation, or frustration. The alarm, resistance, and exhaustion phases of the body's reaction to stress are outlined by the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), which also includes the release of stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Blindness makes it especially difficult to recognize and manage stress, as blind people rely on non-visual sensory signals to navigate.Being unable to notice barriers and changes in their surroundings causes blind persons to experience more stress when navigating. In unfamiliar or complicated outdoor and indoor environments, when conventional navigational aids like GPS and satellite images are useless, this stress is increased. Our research's findings have demonstrated a clear relationship between higher stress levels and the difficulty of navigation routes and the existence of barriers. Even with the invention of numerous assistive devices, such as white canes and braille compasses, these solutions frequently fail to offer complete assistance.We address these issues by putting forth a novel hybrid navigation system that combines real-time stress detection with navigation assistance to help blind people. Our method makes use of a smart white cane that is outfitted with a network of biosensors to keep an eye on physiological stress markers including heart rate, muscular activity, and skin conductance. The system's goal is to identify stressful conditions and suggest less stressful navigation routes by evaluating these biosignals.The suggested solution tackles navigational issues in both indoor and outdoor environments. The system creates stress and route difficulty indices for outdoor surroundings, enabling users to select and follow the least stressful path. Advanced image processing techniques are used to detect obstacles in real-time, and verbal commentary is provided to users to help them navigate safely. The technology uses augmented reality (AR) and a content management system (CMS) to build virtual maps based on floor plan photos for indoor environments where GPS and satellite data are not available. Thanks to a mobile application, users can load and interact with these virtual maps by scanning QR codes located within the indoor space.Real-time stress detection and navigation support are integrated into the system, which is a major leap in assistive technology. The system's goal is to make navigation more efficient and less stressful for people who are blind or visually impaired. Subsequent studies will concentrate on assessing the system's effectiveness, examining user input, and improving the technology to guarantee peak performance and user contentment. For blind individuals, this method not only increases independence but also makes navigation easier and less stressful
Rivière, Thomas. "Optimisation de graphes sous contrainte géométrique : création d'un réseau de routes aériennes pour un contrôle Sector-Less". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7432/1/riviere.pdf.
Testo completoRivière, Thomas Noailles Joseph. "Optimisation de graphes sous contrainte géométrique création d'un réseau de routes aériennes pour un contrôle sector-less /". Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000250.
Testo completoGrand, Christophe. "Optimisation et commande des modes de déplacement des systèmes locomoteurs hybrides roue-patte : application au robot Hylos". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066460.
Testo completoPhalippou, Pierre. "Data-enabled, reduced-order simulation of dynamical systems with application to vehicle crash simulation". Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2544.
Testo completoVehicle manufacturers face numerous constraints regarding security, comfort, weight, and fuel consumption when designing new automotive vehicles. Numerical simulation, and more precisely, the finite element method, is extensively used in the process to achieve cost reduction while allowing to test the impact of multiple design parameters on the system behavior. Nevertheless, industrial finite element models of automotive crash are growing prohibitively expensive in computation time, slowing down the design process. Numerous model order reduction methods have been developed in order to speed-up simulations by making use of the humongous amount of collected data and the repetitiveness of computations with slight changes to the design variables. This thesis aims to apply model order reduction methods to finite element simulations of automotive crash, involving material and geometric nonlinearity as well as contact. This project, conducted in close collaboration between the car manufacturer PSA group, the software developer Altair engineering, and the computational mechanics group at the UTC-CNRS joint laboratory Roberval, targets intrusive methods necessitating modifications in the finite element solver source code. Amongst different promising methods reviewed in the state-of-the-art, our work focuses on projection-based reduced order modeling and hyper-reduction. A reduced-basis of global shape functions is built upon relevant data in the online training phase and used online to reduce the model size, enabling the hyper-reduction of internal forces and computational speed-up. The contributions of this thesis concern three aspects of the training phase. Developments of the incremental singular value decomposition allow for a more flexible and faster reduced-basis training. The proposed sparse criterion enables the formation of basis functions subsets with enhanced performances and better correlation between the online training phase approximation error and the actual error in the online reduction phase. An innovative formulation of the hyper-reduction optimization problem involving mixed-integer programming, added constraints on polynomial integration, and volume conservation is suggested for the benchmarking of future heuristic methods. All implementations are performed in the industrial explicit finite element solver Altair Radioss with complete access to the source code. To the author's best knowledge, the implementation of such a method in industrial explicit finite element solver represents a significant differentiator of the present contribution. Implementation specific difficulties relevant to this aspect of the thesis are discussed. Finally, recommendations, as well as perspectives and further developments required for the robust application of the method to industrial numerical simulations of vehicle crash, are given
Hichri, Ichrak. "Optimisation de l'extraction des polyphénols sans pesticides ainsi que leurs caractérisations dans les extraits d'oignon jaune et rouge". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35000.
Testo completoThe onion possesses a specificity by the antioxidant phenolic compounds. The latter is widely studied for their diverse effects on the health in particular on the cardiovascular diseases, the diabetes, etc. The objective of the present study was to optimize the parameters of extraction of the polyphenols from yellow and red onions to obtain a product rich in antioxidizing molecules without pesticides. This study was led on the various parts of onions : stalk, root, bulb and peel. The analyses of the extracts of pesticides for the various parts of yellow and red onions was made with GC / MS. The result showed that only the roots of the yellow onions contain a pesticide : the PENDIMETHALIN with a quantity of 0,7 mg / kg dry material, which exceeds the European require standard (0,1 mg / kg of dry material). Consequently, the study of the characterization of the polyphenols of the various parts of yellow and red onions established was made on varieties of onions devoid of pesticides. So, analysis of the polyphenols by UPLC-MS/MS showed the wealth of the part stalk of the red onions in the latter, in particular in quercetin (7810,33 mg / kg in dry material). To increase the kinetics of extraction of polyphenols, four parameters of extraction were optimized : the time (0h, 0,5h and 1h), the temperature (22°C, 50°C and 78°C), the ethanol concentration (0%, 50% and 100%) and the solute/solvent ratiog / ml (1:10, 1:30 and 1:50) by using a plan of statistical experience D-optimal. After the statistical study, the ethanolic extract showed a better yield for awhile on extraction of 50 min and a ethanol concentration in 53,75%. The extraction was repeated with the optimized conditions and gave a yield on 119,45g of polyphenols totals / kg dry material.
Hiltcher, Yann. "Simulation et optimisation du taillage des engrenages roue et vis tangentes : étude selon la portée de denture". Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0125.
Testo completoWorm gears present a lot of advantages: large contact ratios with limited gear box dimensions, small inertia, silent meshing. On the other hand, their cutting and assembling are difficult, particularly the wormwheel manufacturing. The performance of the worm gear is relating to the quality of the cutting. Nowadays, empirical methods are used in the workshop hall to visualize the contact pattern, qualifying in this way the manufacturing. Several passages through a machine are often necessary before obtaining-an acceptable result. For a economic aim, it is important firstly to optimize the setting of the machine tool. The purpose of this work is to develop a general numerical method, which is able to simulate the contact pattern for most of the practical cases: various type of gear and worm profiles, possibility of different cutting tools (hob or fly cutter), several cases of manufacturing methods (tangential, radial). A study of the cutting parameters of the wheelworm and worm allowed the realization of a numerical model that simulate the worm-gear contact surface topology. An unloaded kinematics study has been also achieved. Existing methods have been generalized taking into account different parameters: the unloaded kinematics error, the tool feed speed in case of tangential cutting, the inclination and the tool offset for the wheel manufacturing in case of f1y cutter. A study of the parameters influences has been performed. It pointed out the importance of particular parameters, neglected up to now, such as the offset for the wormwheel, the inclination of the grinding wheel for the worm grinding and the coupling of the different profiles. Finally, an algorithm is proposed in order to optimize the cutting parameters. It is based on the quality of the numerical contact surface topology achieved in this work
Nakouzi, Sawsane. "Modélisation du procédé de cuisson de composites infusés par chauffage infra rouge". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1865/.
Testo completoEpoxy resins have several applications in the aerospace and automobile industry. Because of their good adhesive properties, superior mechanical, chemical and thermal properties, and resistance to fatigue and microcracking, they produce high performance composites. In the technology presented here, the composite is cured in an IR oven which includes halogen lamps. The liquid resin infusion (LRI) process is used to manufacture the composite, whereby liquid resin is infused through a fiber reinforcement previously laid up in a one-sided mold. These epoxy resins release an exothermic heat flux during the curing process, which can possibly cause an excessive temperature in the thickness. Consequently, for the production of high performance composites, it is necessary to know the thermal behavior of the composite during curing. In our work, we studied IR interactions with the composite, which is placed in an IR oven. Using an IR spectrometer Bruker Vertex 70 (1-27 µm), we measured radiative properties and determined the fraction of IR rays absorbed by the composite. Since it is necessary to optimize the manufacturing time and costs and to determine the performance of these composites, the purpose of this study is to model the IR curing of a composite part (carbon fiber reinforced epoxy matrix) in the infrared oven. The work consists in two parts. In the first part, a FE thermal model based on radiosity method was developed, for the prediction of the infrared incident heat flux on the top surface of the composite during the curing process. This model was validated using a reference solution based on ray tracing algorithms developed in Matlab(r) (In-lab software called Rayheat based on ray tracing algorithms is used to compute the radiative heat flux that impacts the composite). Through the FE thermal model, an optimization study on the percentage power of each infrared heater is performed in order to optimize the incident IR heat flux uniformity on the composite. This optimization is performed using the Matlab(r) optimization algorithms based on Sequential Quadratic Programming method. In a second part, the optimized parameters set is used in a three-dimensional numerical model which is developed in the finite element software, where the heat balance equation is coupled with the cure kinetic model of the resin. This numerical model allows calculation of the temperature distribution in the composite during curing, which is a key parameter that affects its mechanical properties. In this model, we can predict also the evolution of the degree of cure as function of time
Pierre, Jarrault. "Optimisation des capacités de franchissement des robots mobiles hybrides "roues-pattes"". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00867306.
Testo completoNguyen, Huu Phuoc Trang. "Optimisation du procédé d’hydrolyse enzymatique appliqué à l’extraction du pigment rouge, la R-phycoérythrine à partir de Mastocarpus stellatus et Gracilaria gracilis". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4028/document.
Testo completoMastocarpus stellatus and Gracilaria gracilis are endemic red seaweeds commonly funded in French Atlantic and the coast of Vietnam. They represent an available and usable biomass through the extraction of their original proteinic pigment R-Phycoerythrin. The purpose of this work was to increase the scientific knowledge on the biochemical characterization of these two species on one side. On the other side, this work dealt with the optimization of the extraction parameters of the R-PE. Hence, two extraction procedures have been compared: conventional maceration (with investigation of extracting solution) and enzymatic-assisted extraction (cellulase, xylanase, B-glucanase). Algal prior treatment has also been studied. Highest R-PE extraction yields have been obtained when enzymatic-assisted extraction had been employed on cryo-ground seaweeds. The use of response surface methodology analysis allowed to improve simultaneously the hydrolysis conditions (temperature, pH, E/S ratio) and the purity and extraction yields of R-PE. Finally, a one-step chromatographic method by anion-exchange chromatography had been developed to obtain a concentrated and purified (PI = 3.25) pigment from Gracilaria gracilis
Ju, Min. "Optimisation de la protection des réseaux optiques de nouvelle génération". Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0226/document.
Testo completoNetwork survivability is a critical issue for optical networks to maintain resilience against network failures. This dissertation addresses several survivability design issues against single link failure and large-scale disaster failure in optical networks. Twoclassic protection schemes, namely pre-configured Cycles (p-Cycle) protection and path protection, are studied to achieve high protection capacity efficiency while taking intoaccount the equipment cost, power consumption and resource usage. These survivable network design problems are first formulated by mathematical models and then offered scalable solutions by heuristic algorithms or a decomposition approach.We first consider single link failure scenario. To cut the multi-line rates transponderscost in survivable Mixed-Line-Rate (MLR) optical networks, a distance-adaptive andlow Capital Expenditures (CAPEX) cost p-cycle protection scheme is proposed withoutcandidate cycle enumeration. Specifically, path-length-limited p-cycles are designed touse appropriate line rate depending on the transponder cost and transmission reach.A Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is formulated to directly generate the optimal p-cycles with the minimum CAPEX cost. Additionally, Graph Partitioning in Average (GPA) algorithm and Estimation of cycle numbers (EI) algorithm are developed to make the proposed MILP model scalable, which are shown to be efficient.Regarding the power consumption in survivable Elastic Optical Networks (EONs),power-efficient directed p-cycle protection scheme for asymmetric traffic is proposed.Owing to the advantage of distinguishing traffic amount in two directions, directedp-cycles consume low power by allocating different Frequency Slots (FSs) and modulation formats for each direction. An MILP model is formulated to minimize total power consumption under constraints of directed cycle generation, spectrum assignment,modulation adaptation and protection capacity allocation. To increase the scalability, the MILP model is decomposed into an improved cycle enumeration and a simplified Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model. We have shown that the directedp-cycles out perform the undirected p-cycles in terms of power consumption and spectrum usage.In order to improve the spectrum usage efficiency in p-cycle protection, a SpectrumShared p-cycle (SS-p-cycle) protection is proposed for survivable EONs with and without spectrum conversion. SS-p-cycles permit to reduce spectrum usage and Spectrum Fragmentation Ratio (SFR) by leveraging potential spectrum sharing among multiplep-cycles that have common link(s). The ILP formulations are designed in both cases of with and without spectrum conversion to minimize the spectrum usage of SS-p-cycleswhich can obtain the optimal solution in small instance, and a time-efficient heuristic algorithm is developed to solve large-scale instances. Simulation results show that SSp-cycles have significant advantages on both spectrum allocation and defragmentation efficiency, and the spectrum conversion does help SS-p-cycle design to acquire better spectrum utilization
Geoffroy, Thibaud. "Valorisation de l'écorce d'érable rouge et d'érable à sucre : optimisation de la production d'extraits à l'eau chaude et caractérisation de leur potentiel antioxydant". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34940.
Testo completoRésidu généré en fortes quantités par l’industrie forestière, l’écorce est principalement valorisée par combustion pour la production d’énergie. Pourtant, des projets de bioraffineries sont en développement croissant pour proposer de nouvelles voies de valorisation telle que l’extraction. L’écorce pouvant contenir des molécules extractibles potentiellement bioactives en quantités appréciables, les industries agro-alimentaire, cosmétique et pharmaceutique s’intéressent de près à de telles initiatives. Cette vaste gamme de composés bioactifs propose en effet des alternatives séduisantes à des ingrédients de synthèse de moins en moins prisés. De tels extractibles démontrant des activités antioxydantes, antibactériennes, anti-cancer ou encore anti-inflammatoires ont été isolés au sein de l’écorce des deux essences d’érables, Acer rubrum L. (érable rouge) et Acer saccharum Marsh. (érable à sucre). Ces hétérosides phénoliques ainsi que d’autres extractibles d’intérêt sont susceptibles d’être extraits à l’eau, un solvant vert apprécié pour des applications finales ayant trait à la santé humaine. La thèse présentée s’intéresse donc à la valorisation de l’écorce de l’érable rouge et de l’érable à sucre par récupération et caractérisation d’extractibles hydrosolubles potentiellement antioxydants. Le premier axe de la recherche est centré sur l’optimisation d’un procédé d’extraction à l’eau chaude. En variant les paramètres de granulométrie de l’écorce, de température, de durée de l’extraction et de ratio écorce/solvant, le but a été d’obtenir des valeurs optimales de rendement, teneur en phénols totaux, capacité antioxydante et consommation énergétique estimée. Partant des résultats obtenus, les conditions suivantes : granulométrie de 250–500 μm, température de 90°C, durée de 1 h, ratio écorce/solvant de 1/10, ont été jugées pertinentes pour une mise à l’échelle. Ainsi, des traitements post-extraction ont été investigués à échelle laboratoire pilote pour la production d’extraits secs. Combinant plusieurs méthodes de concentration (osmose inverse, évaporation sous vide) et de séchage (atomisation, lyophilisation), ces traitements ont été évalués selon différentes variables réponses : récupération de l’extrait, capacité antioxydante, teneurs en protéines, en composés phénoliques, en sucres totaux et énergie nécessaire aux opérations unitaires des différents procédés. Pour les extraits des deux essences d’érable, les combinaisons osmose inverse/atomisation et osmose inverse/lyophilisation se sont avérées les plus prometteuses. De qualité supérieure en termes d’antioxydants phénoliques, l’extrait d’écorce d’érable rouge lyophilisé a été choisi pour l’investigation de tels composés par criblage antioxydant. L’approche basée sur des techniques couplant test antioxydant in vitro au radical DPPH et séparation chromatographique par HPLC a permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes radicalaires en présence des dérivés galloyl-glucitols de l’érable rouge. Le phénomène d’auto-oxydation mis en évidence chez ces dérivés testés purs n’a pas été observé lorsque ceux-ci ont été évalués dans des mélanges tertiaires ou directement dans l’extrait. L’effet de mixture/matrice associé à ce comportement a orienté la suite des travaux vers l’étude de fractions de composés plutôt que vers l’isolement de composés purs. Pour cela, la technique d’ultrafiltration a été investiguée pour la production de fractions concentrées. Ce dernier volet a donc permis d’explorer des classes de composés peu, voire non étudiés au sein des deux érables (protéines, tannins). Même si les résultats demeurent préliminaires, la caractérisation des tannins a révélé certaines similarités chez les deux essences, à savoir la présence de tannins de type proanthocyanidine en quantités comparables. En termes de différences, contrairement à l’érable à sucre, l’érable rouge semble riche en gallotannins de hautes masses moléculaires. Toutefois, des analyses complémentaires seraient nécessaires pour confirmer ce résultat. Au final, cette thèse fournit une base substantielle pour l’établissement d’une voie de valorisation viable des extractibles des écorces d’érable rouge et d’érable à sucre. Elle propose un défrichage des principales problématiques intrinsèques à la production d’extraits pour des applications alimentaire, cosmétique ou pharmacologique. Si les connaissances des composés présents dans l’écorce d’érable ont été améliorées, de nombreuses étapes restent nécessaires à la création d’une filière de bioraffinerie pérenne. Pour aller dans ce sens, la suite de la recherche prévoit, entre autres, des tests de toxicité et d’activités in vivo, ainsi que l’étude de l’intégration des extraits dans des matrices alimentaires.
Bark is a high-volume residue from the forest industry that is mostly incinerated for its calorific value. However, biorefineries are increasingly gaining importance by providing new alternatives, such as solvent extraction. As bark is usually rich in extractives susceptible to exhibit bioactivities, agro-food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries keep a close eye on such opportunities. This high diversity of bioactive natural compounds in extracts provides a valuable substitute to synthetic ingredients, currently losing popularity. Phenolic extractives associated to antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory activities have been found in red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) bark. In addition to other promising extractives, these phenolic glycosides could be recovered using water. This non-toxic extraction solvent is usually privileged for human-health related applications. This thesis investigates the valorisation of red maple and sugar maple bark by recovery and antioxidant characterisation of their water-soluble extractives. First, the research was focused on hot-water extraction optimisation. By varying several parameters (particle size of bark, extraction temperature and duration, bark/solvent ratio), optimal values were determined in terms of extraction yield, phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and estimated energy consumption. From these results, a 250–500 μm particle size, 90°C temperature, 1 h duration and a 1/10 bark/water ratio were found relevant for a scale-up. Therefore, post-extraction treatments were investigated at semi-pilot scale aiming to produce dry extracts. Combining concentration (reverse osmosis, vacuum evaporation) and drying (spray-drying, freeze-drying) methods, treatments were evaluated based upon several response variables: extract recovery, antioxidant capacity, protein, phenolic and carbohydrate contents and power consumption induced by the operation units of the process. In regards to these variables, extracts from both maple species seemed more potent when processed using reverse osmosis, associated to spray-drying or freeze-drying. The higher potential in terms of antioxidant phenolics determined for the red maple bark extract obtained using reverse osmosis and freeze-drying led us to perform antioxidant screening on this extract. An approach based on in vitro DPPH radical scavenging test associated to HPLC separation allowed for a better understanding of radical scavenging mechanisms related to galloyl-glucitol derivatives from red maple. Autoxidation of these compounds tested individually was not observed when evaluated in a tertiary mixture or in the crude extract. This mixture/matrix effect helped us define the next step as a study focusing rather on the production of fractions than on the isolation of pure compounds. To this end, ultrafiltration was studied as a tool for extract fractionation. Thus, this last part of the project allowed us to explore different classes of compounds in both sugar and red maple (proteins, tannins), which have rarely been studied. Although preliminary, the obtained results indicated the similarities between the characteristics of tannins found in both species i.e. proanthocyanidins in comparable amounts. However, only the high molecular fraction form red maple bark extract seemed to contain substantial amounts of high-molecular-weight gallotannins. Supplementary analyses would be required to confirm this result. To conclude, this thesis provides solid information to promote the extraction of red and sugar maple bark at a commercial level. This work offers valuable findings and insights about extract production for application in foods, cosmetics or pharmaceutics. The results obtained help enhance the knowledge about maple bark phytochemicals. Yet, further studies would be required before creating a sustainable biorefinery project based on maple bark. Such investigations, including in vivo toxicity, activity testing, as well as studies about food enrichment using maple extracts are planned for the continuation of this research.
Gousset, Silvère. "Optimisation d'un système d'Optique Adaptative pour l'observation de l'espace et mise en oeuvre d'un détecteur proche infra-rouge innovant en analyse de front d'onde". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://hal.science/tel-01297334.
Testo completoAdaptive Optics (AO) allows the correction of the atmospheric effects on the images. This technic is today mature in astronomy. However the future systems require more advanced developments to increase sky coverage. In that, recent Avalanche PhotoDiodes (APD) arrays are promising by providing possible low flux wave-front sensing from visible to near infra-red. Other applications are also searching for take advantage of AO, like space observation or free space optical telecommunications. The integration of the ODISSEE AO bench at the OCA provides a sky acces for new concepts validation in many fields. We present in this PhD thesis the approach to calibrate and optimize the bench. We carry out a detailed analysis of error sources from a complete characterization of the system and of its results in operation, supported by a fitted modeling. These works enable guide future bench optimization works, and represent a gain in terms of operability for space observation and telecom, where ODISSEE has an unique status in Europe. In parallel we prepare the implementation of APD array for Wave-Front Sensing (WFS), by studying the RAPID camera. This involves analysing the impact of cosmetic and Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN) propagation on WFSensing in AO. Therefore we propose a FPN modeling and its propagation in AO. These works allow to design an optimize a RAPID wave-front sensor, taking advantage of the major breakthrough of APD arrays for AO
Espanet, Christophe. "Modélisation et conception optimale de moteurs sans balais à structure inversée - Application au moteur-roue". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565544.
Testo completoMahaman, Moutari Mahaman Salissou. "Modélisation mathématique et numérique du trafic automobile". Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE4088.
Testo completoIn order to simulate in a relevant way vehicular traffic on large road networks, an essential ingredient is using theoretical tools which allow for an adequate modelling of each component of the network. To achieve this goal, several modelling methods exist to date. However, due to some additional constraints, in particular those related to the development of the road networks infrastructures and the increasing concentration of traffic, the investigation of new modelling tools is necessary. In this work, we have introduced some methods and models, which enable a relevant description of the traffic on road networks, by taking into account its specificity through some particular components of the network such as intersections, highway on and off ramps, toll stations, etc…. The presented approaches are expected to be theoretically rigorous, numerically reliable, and computationally efficient. The first approach we have proposed concerns macroscopic models. It is based on the resolution of the Riemann problem whereas the flux at the junction is optimized. Thereafter we have extended this approach to macroscopic multiclass models. The second approach studied in this work is the hybrid modelling. First, we have proposed a hybrid model based on the classical Eulerian-Lagrangian coupling of the Aw & Rascle second order macroscopic model and a class of microscopic models. In a such hybrid model, the interfaces between the coupled models are fixed in eulerian coordinates. Thereby, the interfaces’ functioning is somehow complex and tedious to work out. In order to circumvent this problem, we have proposed a fully lagrangian coupling approach. The novelty of this new hybrid approach is that the interfaces are moving in lagrangian coordinates. This particular property makes the model much simpler than in the previous case and leads to a rigorous and easy computational model. Finally we have proposed a model describing the formation and evolution of traffic jams. This model is derived from the Aw & Rascle second order macroscopic model and based on a realistic formulation of clusters dynamics. We have analysed the solutions to the associated Riemann problem and we have proved the existence of solutions for this model
Bernard, Jean-Philippe. "Observations sub-millimetriques a grande sensibilite : optimisation photometrique et evaluation des performances de l'instrument spm-pronaos; observations et modelisation numerique de l'emission infra-rouge et sub-millimetrique du milieu inter-stellaire dense". Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077275.
Testo completoAlou, Oumarou Aïcha. "Approches bi-niveaux de la tarification des services de la navigation aérienne". Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAT0035.
Testo completoAlong the last decades, many studies in the fields of Operations Research, Systems Management and Applied Economics have been devoted to air transportation planning, tariffs and operations related issues. In general the analysis performed have been limited to direct effects so that the scope of the adopted models remained quitly too limited. This implies that feedback phenomena between the different actors and involved air transportation activities cannot be fully taken into account to perform a comprehensive analysis and to design efficient policies. Furthermore, the greating place of privatized organizations in air transport activities fosters reflexion on better collaborative decision making process that take into account both performance and the need of reducing environnmental nuisances. In this study, a global framework, based on multi-level programming and networks modelling is proposed to analyze the ATC/ATM charges definition problem and to study charging schemes implying airlines and the ATM authorities. This framework is composed of a set of network models associated to the different perceptions each interacting organization inside the air transportation system has of its own environment. The pricing issue is then described from different point of view, both when the services provider is a private organization or a public entity. The resulting analysis is then illustrated in the case of the ASECNA region