Tesi sul tema "Optimisation dans des graphes"
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Murat, Cécile. "Les problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire probabilistes dans les graphes". Paris 9, 1997. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1997PA090054.
Testo completoWatrigant, Rémi. "Approximation et complexité paramétrée de problèmes d’optimisation dans les graphes : partitions et sous-graphes". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20100/document.
Testo completoThe theory of NP-completeness tells us that for many optimization problems, there is no hope for finding an efficient algorithm computing an optimal solution. Based on this, two classical approaches have been developped to deal with these problems. The first one, called polynomial- time approximation, consists in designing efficient algorithms computing a solution that is close to an optimal one. The second one, called param- eterized complexity, consists in designing exact algorithms which com- binatorial explosion is captured by a carefully chosen parameter of the instance. The goal of this thesis is twofold. First, we study and apply classical methods from these two domains in order to obtain positive and negative results for two optimization problems in graphs: a partitioning problem called Sparsest k-Compaction, and a cardinality constraint subgraph problem called Sparsest k-Subgraph. Then, we present how the different methods from these two domains have been combined in recent years in a concept called parameterized approximation. In particular, we study the links between approximation and kernelization algorithms
Atmani, Dihya. "Affectation dynamique dans les systèmes de transport multimodaux". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1132/document.
Testo completoThe objective of this work consists on the realization of a dynamic guidance system in a multimodal network for users equipped with an information device while taking into account users that are not equipped with such devices. The work is organized into parts: a conception part and a theoretical study part. The conception part consists on the development of the guidance tool using a multi agent architecture. This tool assists users in their daily travels by giving them the itinerary that suits best not only their needs but also the overall network. The theoretical study emphasizes on how the performance of the network can be enhanced. To do so, three main studies will be presented: the impact of the information on the cost of the itineraries, the impact of the reorientation of users towards transportation systems on the road network and finally the benefits of introducing autonomous vehicles
Sbihi, Najiba. "Contribution à l'étude des stables dans un graphe par une approche algorithmique". Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10111.
Testo completoTravers, Nicolas. "Optimisation extensible dans un médiateur de données semi-structurées". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS0049.
Testo completoThis thesis proposes to evaluate XQuery queries into a mediation context. This mediator must federate several heterogeneous data sources with an appropriate query model. On this model, an optimization framework must be defined to increase performance. The well-known tree pattern model can represent a subset of XPath queries in a tree form. Because of the complexity of XQuery, no model has been proposed that is able to represent all the structural components of the language. Then, we propose a new logical model for XQuery queries called TGV. It aims at supporting the whole XQuery into a canonical form in order to check more XQuery specifications. This form allows us to translate in a unique way queries into our TGV model. This model takes into account a distributed heterogenous context and eases the optimization process. It integrates transformation rules, cost evaluation, and therefore, execution of XQuery queries. The TGV can be used as a basis for processing XQuery queries, since it is flexible, it provides abstracts data types wich can be implemented according to the underneath data model. Moreover, it allows user-defined annotating ans also cost-related annotating for cost estimation. Althouogh the model will be useful, it relies on XQuery complicates specifications. TGV are illustrated in this thesis with several figures on W3C's uses cases. Finally, a framework to define transformation rules is added to the extensible optimizer to increase the XLive mediator performances. The XLive mediation system has been developped at the PRISM laboratory
De, Oliveira Castro Herrero Pablo. "Expression et optimisation des réorganisations de données dans du parallélisme de flots". Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580170.
Testo completoRoupin, Frédéric. "Algorithmes Combinatoires et Relaxations par Programmation Linéaire et Semidéfinie. Application à la Résolution de Problèmes Quadratiques et d'Optimisation dans les Graphes". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596215.
Testo completoReyes, Valenzuela Patricio Alejandro. "Collecte d'information dans les réseaux radio". Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4069.
Testo completoThis thesis concerns the study of the algorithmic and the complexity of the communication in radio networks. In particular, we were interested in the problem of gathering information from the nodes of a radio network in a central node. This problem is motivated by a question of France Telecom (Orange Labs) “How to bring Internet in villages”. Nodes represent the houses of the villages which communicate between them by radio, the goal being to reach a gateway connected to Internet by a satellite link. The same problem can be found in sensor networks where the question is to collect data from sensors to a base station. A peculiarity of radio networks is that the transmission distance is limited and that the transmissions interfere between them (interference phenomena). We model these constraints by saying that two nodes (radio devices) can communicate if they are at distance at most dT and a node interferes with another one if their distance is at most dI. The distances are considered in a graph representing the network. Thus, a communication step will consist in a compatible (non interfering) set of transmissions. Our goal is to find the minimum number of steps needed to achieve such a gathering and design algorithms achieving this minimum. For special topologies such as the path and the grid, we have proposed optimal or near optimal solutions. We also considered the systolic (or continuous) case where we want to maximize the throughput (bandwidth) offered to each node
Pirayre, Aurélie. "Reconstruction et classification par optimisation dans des graphes avec à priori pour les réseaux de gènes et les images". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1170/document.
Testo completoThe discovery of novel gene regulatory processes improves the understanding of cell phenotypicresponses to external stimuli for many biological applications, such as medicine, environmentor biotechnologies. To this purpose, transcriptomic data are generated and analyzed from mi-croarrays or more recently RNAseq experiments. For each gene of a studied organism placed indifferent living conditions, they consist in a sequence of genetic expression levels. From thesedata, gene regulation mechanisms can be recovered by revealing topological links encoded ingeometric graphs. In regulatory graphs, nodes correspond to genes. A link between two nodesis identified if a regulation relationship exists between the two corresponding genes. Such net-works are called Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs). Their construction as well as their analysisremain challenging despite the large number of available inference methods.In this thesis, we propose to address this network inference problem with recently developedtechniques pertaining to graph optimization. Given all the pairwise gene regulation informa-tion available, we propose to determine the presence of edges in the final GRN by adoptingan energy optimization formulation integrating additional constraints. Either biological (infor-mation about gene interactions) or structural (information about node connectivity) a priorihave been considered to reduce the space of possible solutions. Different priors lead to differentproperties of the global cost function, for which various optimization strategies can be applied.The post-processing network refinements we proposed led to a software suite named BRANE for“Biologically-Related A priori for Network Enhancement”. For each of the proposed methodsBRANE Cut, BRANE Relax and BRANE Clust, our contributions are threefold: a priori-based for-mulation, design of the optimization strategy and validation (numerical and/or biological) onbenchmark datasets.In a ramification of this thesis, we slide from graph inference to more generic data processingsuch as inverse problems. We notably invest in HOGMep, a Bayesian-based approach using aVariation Bayesian Approximation framework for its resolution. This approach allows to jointlyperform reconstruction and clustering/segmentation tasks on multi-component data (for instancesignals or images). Its performance in a color image deconvolution context demonstrates bothquality of reconstruction and segmentation. A preliminary study in a medical data classificationcontext linking genotype and phenotype yields promising results for forthcoming bioinformaticsadaptations
Bekkara, Nourouddine Courtois Bernard. "Optimisation et compromis surface-vitesse dans le compilateur de silicium SYCO". S.l. : Université Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325731.
Testo completoBachelet, Bruno. "Modélisation et optimisation de problèmes de synchronisation dans les documents hypermédia". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002566.
Testo completoLe problème peut se modéliser, après quelques restrictions, comme un problème de tension de coût minimal dans un graphe. Pour le résoudre avec des coûts convexes linéaires par morceaux, nous avons étudié différentes approches (programmation linéaire, mise à conformité - out-of-kilter, mise à l'échelle du dual - cost-scaling). Nous proposons également une adaptation de la mise à conformité pour des coûts convexes dérivables. Toutes ces méthodes sont comparées sur des aspects théoriques et pratiques, en considérant des graphes quelconques.
Les graphes représentant les contraintes temporelles sont en réalité très structurés et très proches de la classe des graphes appelés série-parallèles, et les méthodes élaborées pour une structure de graphe quelconque ne s'avèrent pas toujours très efficaces. Nous proposons une méthode polynômiale, en opérations, plus adaptée pour résoudre le problème sur des graphes série-parallèles, et que nous appelons agrégation. Mais ces graphes, bien que très proches de la réalité, restent encore une idéalisation. Nous proposons de mesurer l'aspect série-parallèle d'un graphe en définissant la notion de graphe presque série-parallèle, basée sur la décomposition du graphe en composantes série-parallèles. En exploitant l'efficacité de la méthode d'agrégation sur cette décomposition, nous proposons une méthode dite de reconstruction permettant de résoudre le problème pour des graphes presque série-parallèles plus efficacement que les méthodes étudiées précédemment.
Lors de cette étude, nous avons développé une bibliothèque de composants réutilisables pour les problèmes de graphes. Nous expliquons en quoi ce type de développement ne peut pas toujours suivre les règles classiques du génie logiciel. Nous montrons comment le paradigme objet peut néanmoins être employé pour la création d'outils efficaces de recherche opérationnelle. Et nous proposons des patrons de conception pour élaborer des composants logiciels (algorithmes et structures de données) génériques, c'est-à-dire indépendants des structures de données qu'ils manipulent et des algorithmes qu'ils emploient, tout en étant fortement extensibles, et cela avec une perte d'efficacité minimale.
Oughdi, Mustapha. "Régulation de la demande dans les réseaux mobiles par optimisation de la tarification". Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2064.
Testo completoCongestion control in mobile networks depends on the space and temporal distribution of the traffic demand. When the congestion is time localized, pricing is an efficient incentive means for the temporal redistribution of the demand. The objective of the work is to propose a planned pricing model for the optimization of the network resources use. The computation of the new tariff grid is based on a customer behavior model. In addition to the behavior modeling, the study tackles the diversity of the demand features and the heterogeneous dimensioning of the cells. Another aim of this study is to define the application of a global or partial pricing grid on the network and to describe its influence on network resources optimization. The fundamental work is initially based on probability laws to model the customers behavior, then on statistical methods, data-analysis models and clustering algorithms to identify the relevant properties of network cells, and finally on graph partitioning methods to formalize the space partitioning problem in the network. Thereafter a work on approximate optimization methods based on local research and genetic algorithms is carried out in order to optimize the resources and to partition the network. Lastly, a study is undertaken on robust optimization where uncertainty on the input data of the problem is apprehended by the examination of the model stability when data are perturbed
Tricoire, Benoît. "Optimisation dans les réseaux logistiques : du "terrain" à la prospective". Angers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ANGE0019.
Testo completoThe work carried out during this PhD thesis address three optimization issues that have been encountered by Optilogistic, a software company specialized in transport optimization. First, in a prospective approach, we consider a load plan design problem faced by express shipment companies. Then, we study a real world problem encountered by a french retail company. Lastly, our attention has been drawn to the computation of time-dependant shortest paths related to road networks submitted to traffic congestions
Coudert, David. "Algorithmique et optimisation dans les réseaux de télécommunications". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466400.
Testo completoL'ensemble des résultats présentés dans ce document est le fruit de travaux collaboratifs avec les membres de l'équipe-projet MASCOTTE, des collègues d'autres universités, française ou étrangères, et des collègues de France Télécom, Alcatel-Lucent et 3Roam. L'introduction de ce manuscrit résume nos travaux sur le routage, le groupage de trafic, la tolérance aux pannes et la reconfiguration, ainsi que des travaux plus récents sur la minimisation du nombre d'étiquettes dans les réseaux MPLS, le dimensionnement de réseaux de collecte IP sans fil, et sur le routage disjoints d'ensembles particuliers de requêtes. Ensuite, je détaille nos travaux sur le groupage de trafic au travers d'un état de l'art dans le chapitre 3, nos contributions sur la notion de groupes de ressources partageant un risque dans le chapitre 4, et sur la reconfiguration de routages dans le chapitre 5. Le chapitre 6 conclut ce manuscrit en présentant avec quelques directions de recherches.
Galand, Lucie. "Méthodes exactes pour l'optimisation multicritère dans les graphes : recherche de solutions de compromis". Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066153.
Testo completoSpanjaard, Olivier. "Exploitation de préférences non-classiques dans les problèmes combinatoires : modèles et algorithmes pour les graphes". Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090052.
Testo completoDemouge, Céline. "Optimisation de routes aériennes pour limiter l'impact du CO2 et des traînées de condensation : approches pré-tactiques, stratégiques et robustes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, École nationale de l’aviation civile, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENAC0006.
Testo completo- Measurement and monitoring of the evolution of the environmental impact associated with contrails - Proposal of dynamic air flows (network of air routes) minimizing the environmental impact taking into account the operational constraints - Measurement of the cost-benefit ratio for measures against contrails in economic terms - Measurement of the trade-offs associated with such measures against contrails : influence on CO2, NOx emissions
Chopin, Morgan. "Problèmes d'optimisation avec propagation dans les graphes : complexité paramétrée et approximation". Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933769.
Testo completoOliveira, Castro Herrero Pablo de. "Expression et optimisation des réorganisations de données dans du parallélisme de flots". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580170.
Testo completoEmbedded systems designers are moving to multi-cores to increase the performance of their applications. Yet multi-core systems are difficult to program. One hard problem is expressing and optimizing data reorganizations. In this thesis we would like to propose a compilation chain that: 1) uses a simple high-level syntax to express the data reorganization in a parallel application; 2) ensures the deterministic execution of the program (critical in an embedded context); 3) optimizes and adapts the programs to the target's constraints. To address point 1) we propose a high-level language, SLICES, describing data reorganizations through multidimensional slicings. To address point 2) we show that it is possible to compile SLICES to a data-flow language, SJD, that is built upon the Cyclostatic Data-Flow formalism and therefore ensures determinism. To address point 3) we define a set of transformations that preserve the semantics of SJD programs. We show that a subset of these transformations generates a finite space of equivalent programs. We show that this space can be efficiently explored with an heuristic to select the program variant more fit to the target's constraints. Finally we evaluate this method on two classic problems: reducing memory and reducing communication costs in a parallel application
Aissat, Kamel. "Optimisation et intégration de la mobilité partagée dans les systèmes de transport multimodaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0074.
Testo completoThe travelling is a fundamental part of everyday life. The continuous expansion of urban areas combined with the population increasing and the improvement of life standards increases the need of mobility and the use of private cars. Furthermore, the majority of public transportations are subject to rules lacking of flexibility and rarely taking into account the dynamic context. The attractiveness of public transportation is therefore reduced and, as a consequence, its financial support, resulting in a further deterioration of the public services quality and flexibility. Therefore, the majority of users still use their own vehicles. The number of vehicles is continuously increasing on road networks causing important phenomena of congestion, high fuel consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases, time loss. This unpleasant situation forces communities to consider alternative solutions for the mobility such as ride-sharing, an interesting alternative to solo car use. The overall objective of this thesis is to propose new travel systems for users through the introduction of optimization models for shared mobility (ride-sharing and taxi-sharing) and the combination of shared mobility and public transportation. The computational experiments are carried out on real road networks and real data. Our numerical results show the effectiveness of our approach, which improves the quality of service compared to the traditional systems in terms of cost and flexibility. The running time remains reasonable to allow using our framework in real-time transportation applications
Marcus, Karina. "Multiflots, métriques et graphes h-parfaits : les cycles impairs dans l'optimisation combinatoire". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005002.
Testo completoAissat, Kamel. "Optimisation et intégration de la mobilité partagée dans les systèmes de transport multimodaux". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0074/document.
Testo completoThe travelling is a fundamental part of everyday life. The continuous expansion of urban areas combined with the population increasing and the improvement of life standards increases the need of mobility and the use of private cars. Furthermore, the majority of public transportations are subject to rules lacking of flexibility and rarely taking into account the dynamic context. The attractiveness of public transportation is therefore reduced and, as a consequence, its financial support, resulting in a further deterioration of the public services quality and flexibility. Therefore, the majority of users still use their own vehicles. The number of vehicles is continuously increasing on road networks causing important phenomena of congestion, high fuel consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases, time loss. This unpleasant situation forces communities to consider alternative solutions for the mobility such as ride-sharing, an interesting alternative to solo car use. The overall objective of this thesis is to propose new travel systems for users through the introduction of optimization models for shared mobility (ride-sharing and taxi-sharing) and the combination of shared mobility and public transportation. The computational experiments are carried out on real road networks and real data. Our numerical results show the effectiveness of our approach, which improves the quality of service compared to the traditional systems in terms of cost and flexibility. The running time remains reasonable to allow using our framework in real-time transportation applications
Pollet, Valentin. "Contribution à des problèmes algorithmiques dans les graphes : applications aux réseaux de capteurs, et recherche de motifs". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS054.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we give results on three algorithmical problems in graphs.First, we study the Distance-2 Broadcast Scheduling problem in wireless ad-hoc networks. We assume that time is discretized into slots. At each slot, all the communication events take place simultaneously. Given a network and a source node detaining a piece of information, distance-2 broadcast scheduling consists in scheduling the communication events to spread the information to every node within distance 2 of the source. The study is rather theoretical: we aim at establishing "good" bounds depending on the structure of the network. For instance, we give upper bounds on the number of slots sufficient to complete broadcast, or lower bounds on the number of nodes that can be informed in a limited number of slots. We refine those bounds in various classes of networks characterized by the structure of the underlying graph.We then tackle the Balanced Connected Subgraph problem: given a graph which vertices are colored either red or blue, find the largest connected subgraph containing as many red vertices as blue vertices. Our study focuses on the classification of the problem when restricted to "small" classes of graphs, namely bipartite cubic graphs, graphs of diameter three and bipartite graphs of diameter four. We show that the problem remains NP-complete in each of those classes. In addition, we prove it non-approximable within constant factor in the case of bipartite graphs of maximum degree four.Last, we give a novel approach to fault tolerance for extending lifetime of wireless sensor networks. These networks are used for a variety of applications including surveillance and monitoring. They consist of large amounts of autonomous devices with sensing capabilities deployed to monitor vast areas. Usually, these devices run on limited batteries and communicate wirelessly. Thus, numerous optimization problems have appeared. We study the problem of scheduling sensor activity in order to extend network lifetime. The goal is to ensure that at all time each target is monitored by at least one sensor, and the set of active sensors does relay the information to a specified communication base. We describe a new approach which addresses this problem with a fault-tolerant solution. We then validate our approach by simulation
Nguyen, Thanh Quang. "Une approche D. C. En optimisation dans les réseaux. Algorithmes, codes et simulations numériques". Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES030.
Testo completoGarnero, Valentin. "(Méta)-noyaux constructifs et linéaires dans les graphes peu denses". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT328/document.
Testo completoIn the fields of Algorithmic and Complexity, a large area of research is based on the assumption that P ≠ NP(Polynomial time and Non deterministic Polynomial time), which means that there are problems for which a solution can be verified but not constructed in polynomial time. Many natural problems are not in P, which means, that they have no efficient algorithm. In order to tackle such problems, many different branches of Algorithmic have been developed. One of them is called Parametric Complexity. It consists in developing exact algorithms whose complexity is measured as a function of the size of the instance and of a parameter. Such a parameter allows a more precise analysis of the complexity. In this context, an algorithm will be considered to be efficient if it is fixed parameter tractable (fpt), that is, if it has a complexity which is exponential in the parameter and polynomial in the size of the instance. Problems that can be solved by such an algorithm form the FPT class.Kernelisation is a technical that produces fpt algorithms, among others. It can be viewed as a preprocessing of the instance, with a guarantee on the compression of the data. More formally, a kernelisation is a polynomial reduction from a problem to itself, with the additional constraint that the size of the kernel, the reduced instance, is bounded by a function of the parameter. In order to obtain an fpt algorithm, it is sufficient to solve the problem in the reduced instance, by brute-force for example (which has exponential complexity, in the parameter). Hence, the existence of a kernelisiation implies the existence of an fpt algorithm. It holds that the converse is true also. Nevertheless, the existence of an efficient fpt algorithm does not imply a small kernel, meaning a kernel with a linear or polynomial size. Under certain hypotheses, it can be proved that some problems can not have a kernel (that is, are not in FPT) and that some problems in FPT do not have a polynomial kernel.One of the main results in the field of Kernelisation is the construction of a linear kernel for the Dominating Set problem on planar graphs, by Alber, Fellows and Niedermeier.To begin with, the region decomposition method proposed by Alber, Fellows and Niedermeier has been reused many times to develop kernels for variants of Dominating Set on planar graphs. Nevertheless, this method had quite a few inaccuracies, which has invalidated the proofs. In the first part of our thesis, we present a more thorough version of this method and we illustrate it with two examples: Red Blue Dominating Set and Total Dominating Set.Next, the method has been generalised to larger classes of graphs (bounded genus, minor-free, topological-minor-free), and to larger families of problems. These meta-results prove the existence of a linear or polynomial kernel for all problems verifying some generic conditions, on a class of sparse graphs. As a price of generality, the proofs do not provide constructive algorithms and the bound on the size of the kernel is not explicit. In the second part of our thesis, we make a first step to constructive meta-results. We propose a framework to build linear kernels based on principles of dynamic programming and a meta-result of Bodlaender, Fomin, Lokshtanov, Penninkx, Saurabh and Thilikos
Bekkara, Nourouddine. "Optimisation et compromis surface-vitesse dans le compilateur de silicium SYCO". Phd thesis, Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376027103.
Testo completoZrikem, Maria. "Optimisation du routage de câbles dans les installations de production d'électricité". Paris, CNAM, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CNAM0394.
Testo completoPinaud, Bruno. "Contribution à la visualisation des connaissances par des graphes dans une mémoire d'entreprise : application sur le serveur Atanor". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335934.
Testo completoLe passage au modèle de graphes pose le problème de sa représentation visuelle. Les tracés doivent rester lisibles et compréhensibles par les utilisateurs. Ceci se traduit notamment par le respect de critères esthétiques qui permettent de modéliser un problème d'optimisation combinatoire consistant à trouver un ordre optimal des sommets dans chaque niveau. Pour résoudre ce problème, nous avons développé un algorithme génétique qui possède deux particularités : deux opérateurs de croisements spécifiques et une hybridation par une recherche locale. Les expérimentations montrent que pour des graphes de taille standard, l'algorithme génétique donne de meilleurs résultats que les autres méthodes que nous connaissons. La comparaison des modèles de représentation des connaissances sur un exemple industriel montre qu'en plus de faciliter la lecture, Graph'Atanor permet de facilement suivre la trace des utilisateurs et de mettre en avant les sommets critiques.
Gillet, Noel. "Optimisation de requêtes sur des données massives dans un environnement distribué". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0553/document.
Testo completoDistributed data store are massively used in the actual context of Big Data. In addition to provide data management features, those systems have to deal with an increasing amount of queries sent by distant users in order to process data mining or data visualization operations. One of the main challenge is to evenly distribute the workload of queries between the nodes which compose these system in order to minimize the treatment time. In this thesis, we tackle the problem of query allocation in a distributed environment. We consider that data are replicated and a query can be handle only by a node storing the concerning data. First, near-optimal algorithmic proposals are given when communications between nodes are asynchronous. We also consider that some nodes can be faulty. Second, we study more deeply the impact of data replication on the query treatement. Particularly, we present an algorithm which manage the data replication based on the demand on these data. Combined with our allocation algorithm, we guaranty a near-optimal allocation. Finally, we focus on the impact of data replication when queries are received as a stream by the system. We make an experimental evaluation using the distributed database Apache Cassandra. The experiments confirm the interest of our algorithmic proposals to improve the query treatement compared to the native allocation scheme in Cassandra
Dodin, Pierre. "Contrôle de l'information par optimisation sur les graphes géodétiques et contrôle de l'allocation dans le cadre des systèmes de capteurs délocalisés". Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066096.
Testo completoFavier, Aurélie. "Décompositions fonctionnelles et structurelles dans les modèles graphiques probabilistes appliquées à la reconstruction d'haplotypes". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1527/.
Testo completoThis thesis is based on two topics : the decomposition in graphical models which are, among others, Bayesian networks and cost function networks (WCSP) and the haplotype reconstruction in pedigrees. We apply techniques of WCSP to treat Bayesian network. We exploit stuctural and fonctional properties, in an exact and approached methods. Particulary, we define a decomposition of function which produces functions with a smaller variable number. An application example in optimization is the haplotype reconstruction. It is essential for a best prediction of seriousness of disease or to understand particular physical characters. Haplotype reconstruction is represented with a Bayesian network. The functionnal decomposition allows to reduce this Bayesian network in an optimization problem WCSP (Max-2SAT)
Strogova, Polina. "Techniques de réécriture pour le traitement de problème de routage dans les graphes de Cayley". Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10352.
Testo completoWillaume, Pierre. "Modélisation de formes 3D par les graphes pour leur reconnaissance : application à la vision 3D en robotique dans des tâches de "Pick-and-Place"". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD041/document.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is to design an automatic system involving one or several cameras capable of detecting in three dimensions a set of abjects placed in a bin. To do this, we must model, recognize and locate shapes in an image. First, we propose a solution to optimize the camera calibration system. This is an essential task for the retrieval of quantitative information about the captured images. However, the current methods require specific skills in image processing, which are not always available in industry. We propose to automate and optimize the calibration system by eliminating the selection of images by the operator. Second, we propose to improve the detection systems for thin and featureless abjects. Finally, we propose to adapt evolutionary algorithms to optimize search times
Hizem, Mohamed Mejdi. "Recherche de chemins dans un graphe à pondération dynamique : application à l'optimisation d'itinéraires dans les réseaux routiers". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/34/49/58/PDF/Memoire_de_these_MM_HIZEM_-_version_finale.pdf.
Testo completoThis thesis aims to develop algorithms and models for optimizing itineraries in road networks. The first part of this work treats the problem of intercepting a mobile in a graph. In this context, the goal is to compute the optimal path to reach a moving target with a known itinerary. This problem is studied for different situations (one pursuer/one target and several pursuers/several targets) and for different types of graphs (time-independent graphs and FIFO graphs). For each case, an algorithm is suggested and its optimality is proven. Moreover, simulations are conducted to check the algorithms efficiency in terms of execution time. In the second part of this thesis, a new class of time-dependent graphs is defined : the time-dependent interval graphs. The distinctive feature of these graphs is that the edge weight is time-dependent and it is defined by an interval. For this new class of graphs, the shortest path problem is studied. This problem can be viewed either as mono-objective optimization problem or as a multi-objective optimization problem. For each case, the problem is formulated and approaches for resolution are proposed
Reyes, Patricio. "Collecte d'Information dans les Réseaux Radio". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00418297.
Testo completoCe problème est motivé par une question de France Telecom (Orange Labs) "comment amener Internet dans les villages".
Les sommets représentent les maisons des villages qui communiquent entre elles par radio, le but étant d'atteindre une passerelle centrale connectée à Internet par une liaison satellite. Le même problème se rencontre dans les réseaux de senseurs où il s'agit de collecter les informations des senseurs dans une station de base.
Une particularité des réseaux radio est que la distance de transmission est limité et que les transmissions interfèrent entre elles (phénomènes d'interférences). Nous modélisons ces contraintes en disant que deux sommets (équipements radio) peuvent communiquer s'ils sont à distance au plus dT et qu'un noeud interfère avec un autre si leur distance est au plus dI. Les distances sont considérées dans un graphe représentant le réseau. Une étape de communication consistera donc en un ensemble de transmissions compatibles (n'interférant pas).
Notre objectif est de trouver le nombre minimum d'étapes nécessaires pour réaliser un tel rassemblement et de concevoir des algorithmes réalisant ce minimum. Pour des topologies particulières comme le chemin et la grille, nous avons établi des résultats optimaux ou quasi optimaux.
Nous avons aussi considéré le cas systolique (ou continu) où on veut maximiser le debit offert à chaque noeud.
Mathieu, Bérangère. "Segmentation interactive multiclasse d'images par classification de superpixels et optimisation dans un graphe de facteurs". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30290/document.
Testo completoImage segmentation is one of the main research topics in image analysis. It is the task of researching a partition into regions, i.e., into sets of connected pixels, meeting a given uniformity criterion. The goal of image segmentation is to find regions corresponding to the objects or the object parts appearing in the image. The choice of what objects are relevant depends on the application context. Manually locating these objects is a tedious but quite simple task. Designing an automatic algorithm able to achieve the same result is, on the contrary, a difficult problem. Interactive segmentation methods are semi-automatic approaches where a user guide the search of a specific segmentation of an image by giving some indications. There are two kinds of methods : boundary-based and region-based interactive segmentation methods. Boundary-based methods extract a single object corresponding to a unique region without any holes. The user guides the method by selecting some boundary points of the object. The algorithm search for a curve linking all the points given by the user, following the boundary of the object and having some intrinsic properties (regular curves are encouraged). Region-based methods group the pixels of an image into sets, by maximizing the similarity of pixels inside each set and the dissimilarity between pixels belonging to different sets. Each set can be composed of one or several connected components and can contain holes. The user guides the method by drawing colored strokes, giving, for each set, some pixels belonging to it. If the majority of region-based methods extract a single object from the background, some algorithms, proposed during the last decade, are able to solve multi-class interactive segmentation problems, i.e., to extract more than two sets of pixels. The main contribution of this work is the design of a new multi-class interactive segmentation method. This algorithm is based on the minimization of a cost function that can be represented by a factor graph. It integrates a supervised learning classification method checking that the produced segmentation is consistent with the indications given by the user, a new regularization term, and a preprocessing step grouping pixels into small homogeneous regions called superpixels. The use of an over-segmentation method to produce these superpixels is a key step in the proposed interactive segmentation method : it significantly reduces the computational complexity and handles the segmentation of images containing several millions of pixels, by keeping the execution time small enough to ensure comfortable use of the method. The second contribution of our work is an evaluation of over-segmentation algorithms. We provide a new dataset, with images of different sizes with a majority of big images. This review has also allowed us to design a new over-segmentation algorithm and to evaluate it
Koubàa, Mohamed. "Routage, protection et ingénierie de trafic dans les réseaux WDM tout-optiques". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001947.
Testo completoModrzejewski, Remigiusz. "Distribution et Stockage de Contenus dans les Réseaux". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917032.
Testo completoBen, Taleb Romain. "Modélisation et optimisation des actifs pour l'aide à la prise de décision stratégique dans les entreprises". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EMAC0001.
Testo completoThe tools and methods used to assist in strategic decision-making, particularly in SMEs, face several limitations. It is observed that they are primarily deterministic, based on past data, and are framed by an approach that is almost exclusively accounting and financial. However, strategic decisions in a company are activities aimed towards the future, highly subject to uncertainty, which aim to maximize the generated value of the company, whether it is financial or not. In this context, the research question addressed in this thesis is how to assist business leaders in making prospective strategic decisions in a context subject to uncertainty ? In terms of contributions, we first propose a conceptual framework based on a meta-model that allows representing a company according to a logic of assets and value. This modeling is then enriched with a causality diagram that establishes the existing dynamics between the assets that create value. To illustrate the applicability of this conceptual framework, an approach is proposed using experimental design based on a simulation model on one hand, and an optimization model in Mixed Integer Programming on the other hand. A set of experiments validates the relevance of the proposal, notably identifying the consequences of the decisions made on each asset in terms of generated value for the company
Finta, Lucian Liu zhen. "Ordonnancement dans les systèmes multiprocesseurs". [S.l.] : [s.n], 1996. ftp://ftp.inria.fr/INRIA/publication/Theses/TU-0386.ps.gz.
Testo completoRésumés en français et en anglais. En annexe articles en anglais. L'Impr. INRIA a attribué un n° de coll, TU 386 associé à un code-barres en 4e de couv. Bibliogr. p. 79-82.
Beaujean, Paul. "Défense contre les épidémies dans les réseaux". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED063.
Testo completoThe modern mathematical study of epidemics has adopted the concept of contact networks to model a disease spreading among nodes who may interact with each other along edges. While much progress has been made in designing effective countermeasures against epidemics by acting upon the disease, fewer studies have explored the use of modifying the contact network itself.This thesis explores the possibility of finding an optimal modification of a network to stop an epidemic spreading over it. Because this optimization problem is computationally hard to solve, we design a randomized approximation algorithm by combining semidefinite programming together with matrix concentration inequalities which is guaranteed to return a network modification that stops the epidemic in a short amount of time. Furthermore, we give evidence that the analysis of this algorithm is tight in a large regime.To understand the practical applicability of this algorithm, we analyze current practices in the experimental evaluation of algorithms and propose a new methodology to assess algorithms that may fail, may return approximate solutions, and may change behavior based on hyperparameters
Ag, Rhissa Anasser. "La conception assistée par ordinateur appliquée au routage dans les circuits intégrés VLSI". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112299.
Testo completoAfter recalling the process of the VLSI integrated circuits design and talking about the C. A. D (Computer Aided-Design) tools which are necessary for it and their complexity, we present in this thesis two algorithms of channel routing with two levels of technology. These algorithms use some concepts of operational Research. In fact, the first one is based on graphs optimization and the second on stochastic optimization by simulated annealing. Some applications (partition, placement and global routing) of simulated annealing to the physical design of systems are also described. Generally, these methods have allowed us to reduce the number of tracks (which are necessary for the interconnections) in comparison with the classical ones
Porumbel, Daniel Cosmin. "Algorithmes Heuristiques et Techniques d'Apprentissage - Applications au Probleme de Coloration de Graphe". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481253.
Testo completoBenfekir, Abderrahim. "Contribution à l'analyse de performances des Systèmes à Evénements Discrets non linéaires dans l'algèbre (min,+)". Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957875.
Testo completoGiraud, Xavier. "Méthodes et outils pour la conception optimale des réseaux de distribution d'électricité dans les aéronefs". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955887.
Testo completoAl-Iedani, Najat Hameed Qasim. "Contribution à la résolution des problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire : cas du problème des k-clusters dans un graphe biparti et du problème de sac à dos quadratique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0035.
Testo completoSince long time, the scientific world has sought for modeling, simplification and resolution of combinatorial optimization problems, because of these problems are most interest for the scientific and the industrial world and for the fields of operational research and computer science. The objective of this thesis is to solve the difficult combinatorial optimization problems using approximate resolution methods. And, we were interested on two important problems that find several significant applications in real world. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the K-clusters in a bipartite graph that has been applied in the field of telecommunication. The second part of the thesis addresses to the quadratic knapsack problem that can be used to accommodate a wide range of practical applications in numerous fields. On the other hand, these problems are highly combinatorial and difficult to solve from computational perspective. The K-clustering minimum bi-clique completion problem (K - CmBCP) was presented in the latest date and it is very significant in real world and it has been applied to several real applications such as aggregation of multicast sessions. Since telecommunication network cannot manage many multicast sessions at the same time, it is hence necessary to group the sessions into a limited number of clusters. We note that, the hybrid resolution methods can combine several approximate resolution methods or optimal resolution and approximate resolution and which generally use decomposition techniques of the initial problem to allow hybridation. In this thesis, we propose two hybrid resolution methods: A first hybrid method for the problem of K-clusters in a bipartite graph that combines a neighborhood search and a complementary algorithm. A second hybrid method for the quadratic knapsack problem which combines a large neighborhood search with a variable reduction / fixing method. The proposed algorithm is capable of solving the small, large and very large size instances of the QKP that cannot be solved by Cplex solver or by other methods
Le, Pham Anh. "De l'optimisation à la décomposition de l'ontologique dans la logique de description". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507431.
Testo completoPorumbel, Daniel Cosmin. "Algorithmes Heuristiques et Techniques d'Apprentissage : Applications au Problème de Coloration de Graphe". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00476541.
Testo completoOuld, Sidi Mohamed Mahmoud. "Contribution à l'amélioration des systèmes d'aide à la décision pour la régulation du trafic dans les réseaux de transport collectif". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Ould_Sidi.pdf.
Testo completoThis doctoral thesis contributes to the implementation of a decision support system for the traffic control in the disrupted transport networks, aiming to help the developers of these networks to dissipate the disturbances which can appear and degrade the quality of services offered to the travellers. This report is consisted of four chapters. It begins with a bibliographical study on the management of collective transport networks. So, we approach the various problems related to transport systems, to processes planning and regulation. The second chapter presents various models attributed to the multimodal transport systems such as those based on the theory of graphs, on multi-agents systems, and on Petri nets. We also propose a new mathematical formulation of the problem of regulation and a help module to the generation and to the evaluation of the regulation strategies. This module is constituted with four sub-modules; each one realizes a very precise task: the evaluation of impact of disturbances and the actions of regulation on the state of the traffic, the determination of the spatiotemporal horizon of regulation, the generation of practicable decisions and their construction. Four evolutionary-fuzzy approaches proposed for the resolution of this problem are presented in the chapter 3. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the results of the implemented of approaches and methods proposed through the tests of simulation, to evaluate their performances on some real scenarios of different natural disturbances and stemming from the transport network of our industrial partner of the SART project : the SEMURVAL
Bourazza, Saïd. "Variantes d'algorithmes génétiques appliquées aux problèmes d'ordonnancement". Le Havre, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LEHA0012.
Testo completoThe genetic algorithm (GA) is based on the mechanisms of coding, selection, crossover, mutation and insertion. Each mechanism presents several choices to giving result to several GA's variants. We obtained a better variant of genetic algorithm for resolving "Travelling Saleman Problem". In this GA's variant, we introduced our new crossover operator Cedrx which when coupled with crossover operator edrx gave good results. This led to the creation of effective variants of genetic algorithm for resolving the following problems : Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSP) ; Aircraft Landing Problem (ALP) ; Scheduling Problem of Vehicles on a production line in a factory (SVP)