Bibliografie tematiche / Optics

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Optics"

Autore: Grafiati
Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021
Ultima modifica: 7 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Optics"

1

Masalov, Anatolii V. "Progress in Optics: encyclopedia of modern optics". Uspekhi Fizicheskih Nauk 174, n. 1 (2004): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3367/ufnr.0174.200401h.0110.

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Andersson, P. O., A. Persson, L. Thyléen e G. Edwall. "Fibre optic interferometer using integrated optics". Electronics Letters 21, n. 6 (1985): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19850175.

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Yanuary, Tio Hanif, e Lita Lidyawati. "Analisis Link Budget Penyambungan Serat Optik Menggunakan Optical Time Domain Reflectometer AQ7275". Jurnal Teknik Elektro 10, n. 1 (20 giugno 2018): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jte.v10i1.13996.

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An optical fiber is a high-speed telecommunication transmission medium. Principally, an optical fiber is made of a very fine glass fiber material, which is able to transmit light waves using light reflection method on the surface of the fiber optics core. An underground installation of the fiber optics makes this device robust from external interferences. However, the fiber optic cable performance should always be checked to maintain performance during data transmission process. One way to test fiber optics cable performance is by using an Optical Time - Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) device. This device sends a light wave from one point of the fiber optics cable. The light wave then returns when reaching the other point of the fiber optic cable while carrying some measurement parameters especially the physical length and attenuation of a fiber optic cable. The evaluation of the fiber optics cable performance requires the preparation, installation, and configuration of the OTDR. In this paper, we conducted evaluation on the performances of fiber optics cable. The data generated by the performed evaluation indicated an occurring attenuation on the fiber optics cable along 64.402 km of its lengths.
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Sieradzan, Andrzej. "Teaching geometrical optics with the ‘‘optic mirage’’". Physics Teacher 28, n. 8 (novembre 1990): 534–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2343139.

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Steier, William H., Antao Chen, Sang-Shin Lee, Sean Garner, Hua Zhang, Vadim Chuyanov, Larry R. Dalton et al. "Polymer electro-optic devices for integrated optics". Chemical Physics 245, n. 1-3 (luglio 1999): 487–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0104(99)00042-7.

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Nikolov, Daniel K., Aaron Bauer, Fei Cheng, Hitoshi Kato, A. Nick Vamivakas e Jannick P. Rolland. "Metaform optics: Bridging nanophotonics and freeform optics". Science Advances 7, n. 18 (aprile 2021): eabe5112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe5112.

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The demand for high-resolution optical systems with a compact form factor, such as augmented reality displays, sensors, and mobile cameras, requires creating new optical component architectures. Advances in the design and fabrication of freeform optics and metasurfaces make them potential solutions to address the previous needs. Here, we introduce the concept of a metaform—an optical surface that integrates the combined benefits of a freeform optic and a metasurface into a single optical component. We experimentally realized a miniature imager using a metaform mirror. The mirror is fabricated via an enhanced electron beam lithography process on a freeform substrate. The design degrees of freedom enabled by a metaform will support a new generation of optical systems.
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Pârvulescu, Cǎtǎlin Corneliu, Elena Manea, Cǎtǎlin Tibeica, Munizer Purica e Alina Popescu. "Design and Fabrication of the Bidirectional Micro-Optic Concentrator for Optical Radiation". Defect and Diffusion Forum 400 (marzo 2020): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.400.21.

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This paper presents the design and fabrication of a micro-optic concentrator for optical radiation based on coupled micro-lenses and micro-prism (micro – mirrors) arrays. This type of micro-optic concentrator is suitable for both terrestrial and spatial applications where optical radiation is redirected and coupled to small area photovoltaic cells or detection devices located in front of the waveguide edges. Analysis and design were performed for the 0.4-1.06µm spectral range using the COMSOL Multiphysics program and the Ray Optics geometric optics module. Simulations for ray-tracing have been modeled in order to optimize the geometries of micro-optics elements taking into account the optical parameters of the materials to be used (polymers and glass) in the process of micro-optic concentrator fabrication. Micro-lenses and micro-prism arrays were fabricated by the technique of molding in silicon molds and replication in polymeric materials using OrmoClear30 elastomer (n=1.56, UV exposure) and in UV-PDMS, KER4690 polymer, respectively. Assembling and the fabrication process of micro-optic concentrator allowed the achievement of an optical efficiency of 70 % efficiency.
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Mulyanto, Imam. "Analysis of Curvature in Fiber Optic Cable for Macrobending-Based Slope Sensor". Journal of Technomaterials Physics 3, n. 1 (26 febbraio 2021): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jotp.v3i1.5540.

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The analysis of fiber optics for macro bending-based slope sensors using SMF-28 single-mode optical fibers has been successfully conducted. Fiber optics were treated to silicon rubber molding and connected with laser light and power meters to measure the intensity of laser power generated. The working principle was carried out using the macrobending phenomenon on single-mode optical fibers. The intensity of laser light in fiber optic cables decreases in the event of indentation or bending of the fiber optic cable. Power losses resulting from the macrobending process can be seen in the result of the information sensitivity of fiber optics to the change of angle given. From the results of the study, the resulting fiber optic sensitivity value is -0.1534o/dBm. The larger the angle given, the lower the laser intensity received by the power meter.
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HOTATE, Kazuo. "Special Issue on Fiber-Optics. Fiber Optic Gyros." Review of Laser Engineering 22, n. 4 (1994): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.22.253.

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Shiono, Teruhiro, e Hisahito Ogawa. "Planar-optic-disk pickup with diffractive micro-optics". Applied Optics 33, n. 31 (1 novembre 1994): 7350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.33.007350.

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Tesi sul tema "Optics"

1

Larson, Jonas. "Extended Jaynes-Cummings Models In Cavity Qed". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-404.

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Evans, Jonathan W. "Beam Switching of an Nd:YAG Laser Using Domain Engineered Prisms in Magnesium Oxide Doped Congruent Lithium Niobate". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1281366442.

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Jonsson, Fredrik. "The nonlinear optics of magneto-optic media". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Physics, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2967.

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McLaughlin, Lisa. "Optical beam control using adaptive optics". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Dec%5FMcLaughlin.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Astronautical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Brij Agrawal, Ty Martinez. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-76). Also available online.
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De, Matos Christiano Jose Santiago. "Nonlinear optics in specialty optical fibres". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419770.

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Clark, Douglas F. "High frequency electro-optic modulators for integrated optics". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293507.

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Agnew, Amalia. "Quantum-Chemical Investigations of Second- and Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Chromophores for Electro-Optic and All-Optical Switching Applications". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11575.

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The past decades have witnessed the development of new materials with large nonlinear optical properties, which have made them attractive candidats for a broad spectrum of breakthrough applications in the electro-optic and photonic fields (e.g., telecommunication and computing). A deeper understanding of the relationship between, on the one hand, the chemical structure and, on the other hand, the electronic and (linear and nonlinear) optical properties has proven useful for the rational design of new efficient materials. Reaching such an understanding has attracted major interest in the scientific community worldwide in both academia and industry. Therefore, the development of new efficient NLO chromophores and materials along with commercial devices of high quality is helped via the establishment of multidisciplinary research teams combining: (i) the theoretical modeling using quantum-chemical computational calculations; (ii) the organic synthesis; (iii) the optical characterization; and (iv) the device fabrication. In this dissertation, quantum-chemistry is used to evaluate the second- and third-order NLO properties of series of new chromophores and take advantage of a feedback loop with the experimental team to understand the structure-property relationships.
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Llobera, Adan Andreu. "Integrated Optics Technology on Silicon: Optical Transducers". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3342.

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El camp de l'òptica integrada es presenta com un dels mes prometedors a curt-mig plaç degut als clars avantatges que presenta amb respecte de l'electrònica tradicional. El fet d'utilitzar la llum com a medi vehicular, la qual no es veu afectada per les possibles pertorbacions electromagnètiques, entre altres propietats, fan que aquest camp sigui una de les sortides mes viables als greus problemes de congestió de les vies de telecomunicacions que es preveuen en un futur proper. Per altra part, l'ús de l'òptica integrada per a la realització de sensors ofereix unes prestacions superiors a la majoria de transductors actuals: La resistència a condicions hostils, la mesura sense contacte directe i la seguretat en ambients perillosos, fan que aquests siguin de gran interès pel mon industrial.
Dels diferents materials aptes per a la realització de components òptics integrats, únicament el silici, amb l'ampli bagatge de processos altament desenvolupats, derivats de la micromecanització i la microelectrònica, permet la fabricació de grans sèries a preus reduïts. Tot i que les propietats òptiques d'aquest element son limitades, la seva abundància, baix preu, elevada puresa, estabilitat química i rigidesa mecànica, fan d'aquest el substrat ideal per a la realització d'estructures híbrides, on les diferents funcions, òptiques i electròniques es combinen sobre el silici, utilitzant tècniques de muntatge superficial amb interconnexió òptica, a través de guies d'ona, dels diferents elements.
El confinament òptic amb estructures ARROW es basa en la reflexió total interna a l'interfase amb l'aire i l'elevada reflectivitat que provoquen les capes subjacents al nucli. L'índex de refracció i el gruix d'aquestes capes es sintonitza de manera que el mode fonamental presenti un mínim de pèrdues, mentre que els modes superiors pateixen una elevada atenuació. D'aquesta manera, és possible obtenir guies d'ona monomode amb tamany similar a la fibra òptica, encarregades d'injectar la llum, minimitzant les pèrdues d'inserció. Aquesta propietat fa que aquest tipus de guies siguin les candidates òptimes per a la fabricació de transductors òptics, els quals es basen en la idea que qualsevol alteració d'una propietat física o química produïda a un medi pot detectar-se a partir del canvi que produeix a las característiques de propagació de la llum a través d'ell.
En aquest treball s'han desenvolupat les eines necessàries per a la caracterització dels transductors òptics integrats: s'ha posat a punt els programes de simulació de diferències finites amb xarxa no-uniforme (NU-FDM) i el Mètode de propagació del feix (BPM), que permeten analitzar el comportament tridimensional de tota l'estructura. La tecnologia de Sala Blanca ha estat acondicionada per tal d'aconseguir els requeriments que necessitava l'Òptica Integrada. A aquest fet, l'obtenció de capes per PECVD amb diferents índexs de refracció, així com l'optimització de les tècniques de gravat RIE, han permès realitzar tota una sèrie de transductors òptics amb unes característiques notables. Les guies d'ona han estat mesurades en potència i longitud d'ona. Així, s'ha pogut comprovar com la configuració ARROW es trobava ben sintonitzada, a la longitud d'ona de treball (633nm) tant en gruix com en índex de refracció, validant la tecnologia emprada.
Gràcies als punts anteriors, s'han pogut realitzar tres tipus de transductors. El primer d'ells consisteix en un interferòmetre Mach-Zehnder (MZI), el qual basa el seu principi de funcionament en la modificació del camí òptic a una de les seves branques, obtenint un patró interferomètric. A partir d'aquest, és possible determinar la variació en la part real de l'índex de refracció. El segon transductor es basa en la modificació de la part imaginaria de l'índex de refracció. Entremig de dues guies es situa una membrana selectiva, la qual té com a característica principal la modificació de la seva transmissió, a una certa longitud d'ona, a mesura que absorbeix un determinat ió. A partir de l'atenuació mesurada al final del dispositiu, és possible conèixer la quantitat d'ions absorbits. Finalment, el tercer transductor es basa en l'obstrucció del camí òptic amb un material absorbent mòbil. La posició d'aquest absorbent ha estat dissenyada per variar amb l'acceleració, obtenint un accelerómetre òptic.
Integrated optics is one of the most interesting research fields in the short-mid term due to the clear advantages that it has as compared to the traditional electronics. Using light as the carrier of information, which is unaffected to electromagnetic perturbations, cause this field to be one of the most viable solutions concerning the telecommunications bottleneck. In addition, the application of integrated optics in the sensor field offers a better response as compared to the transducers used nowadays: Its capability to resist harsh environments, the measurement without direct contact and the safety in explosive media cause this to be of huge interest for the industry.
Between the different materials available to be used for integrated optics, only silicon, with the great knowledge of their technological aspects, allows the mass low-cost fabrication. Although its limited optical properties, its abundance, high purity, chemical stability and mechanical stiffness cause it to be ideal for hybrid integration, where the optical an electrical parts of the device are combined on silicon, using surface mounting techniques and with optical interconnection, using waveguides, between them.
The optical confinement with ARROW structures is based on the total internal reflection at the upper interface and the ultra-high reflectivity that cause the layers beneath the core. The refractive index and the thickness of these layers is tuned in such a way that the lowest order mode has a minimum of losses, while the rest of the modes suffer from high attenuation. Then, it is possible to obtain single mode waveguides with core thickness comparable to the single-moded fiber optics, minimizing the insertion losses. Then, these waveguides seem to be the most promising candidates for the fabrication of optical transducers, which are based on the idea that any variation of a physical or chemical property caused to a media can be detected form a the change that is produced on the light path across it.
In this thesis it has been developed the necessary tools to characterize the integrated optical transducers: It has been implemented the simulation programs based on non-uniform finite-difference method (NU-FDM) and the Beam propagation method (BPM), that allows analyzing the 3D behavior of any structure. The technological steps have been arranged so as to meet the integrated optics requirements. Concretely, the deposition of PECVD layers with different refractive index, together with the optimization of the RIE process, has allowed obtaining several optical transducers with excellent properties. Their waveguides have measured, both in power and in wavelength, showing that the ARROW structure was tuned in according to specifications.
With the basis of the waveguides, it has been possible to define three different optical transducers: A Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, an absorption sensor and an optical accelerometer.
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Almeida, Luis Miguel Lima de. "All-optical processing based on integrated optics". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13705.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações
During the last years, the demand for high data transfer rates in optical fiber communications has increased exponentially. Since image in its original format exactly as it is captured by the digital camera requires an enormous amount of storage capacity, it is important to develop a system that increases its amount of compression while preserving the important image’s information. In the topic of image’s compression, there are several transformation techniques used for data compression. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is one of the most commonly used, thanks to its multi-resolution transformation. This multi-resolution property allows to develop, not only a lossless compression method, from which the original image can be obtained exactly as it was before the transform, but also, a lossy method where it is not possible to obtain the original image. In this context, this thesis will develop the idea to apply the Haar wavelet transform using optical circuits. This concept will be analyzed, verifying the possibility of its implementation in the optical domain, using several methods, lossy and lossless, to conclude about the best compression method to apply to an image. Finally, the lossy method will be tested in the laboratory with different components and design the optical device able to accomplish the Haar wavelet transform.
Nos últimos anos, a procura por elevados ritmos de transferência de informação em comunicações óticas tem aumentado exponencialmente. Dado que imagem, no seu formato original exactamente como é captada pela câmara fotográfica ocupa enormes quantidades de espaço de armazenamento, torna-se importante desenvolver um sistema que aumente o seu grau de compressão, preservando as informações importantes da imagem. No tópico da compressão de imagem existem várias técnicas de transformação usadas para compressão de dados. A transformada discreta de onduleta é uma das mais usadas, graças ao uso da transformação em multiresolução. Esta propriedade de multi-resolução permite não só desenvolver métodos de compressão de imagem sem perdas, nos quais se obtém a imagem original exatamente como era antes da transformação, como também métodos com perdas, já não sendo possível obter a imagem original. Neste contexto, esta tese irá desenvolver a ideia de aplicar a transformada de onduleta de Haar usando circuitos óticos. Este conceito irá ser analisado, verificando a possibilidade da sua implementação no domínio ótico, usando vários métodos, com perdas e sem perdas, para concluir acerca do melhor método de compressão a aplicar a uma imagem. Por fim, o método com perdas irá ser testado no laboratório com diferentes componentes e desenhar o dispositivo ótico capaz de aplicar a transformada de onduleta de Haar.
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Baker, Christopher Charles. "Electroluminescent Thin Films for Integrated Optics Applications". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1054903604.

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Libri sul tema "Optics"

1

1949-, Furtak Thomas E., a cura di. Optics. 2a ed. New York: Wiley, 1986.

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Welford, W. T. Optics. 3a ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

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Weisenbach, Lori. Emerging optics markets: Diffractive optics, optical computing, holography. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1997.

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Welford, W. T. Useful optics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

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Kress, B. Applied digital optics: Micro-optics, optical MEMS, and nanophotonics. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K: Wiley, 2009.

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6

Progress in optics. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2009.

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Rudolf, Kingslake, a cura di. Applied optics and optical design. New York: Dover Publications, 1992.

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Naval Education and Training Program Development Center., a cura di. Basic optics and optical instruments. Mineola, N.Y: Dover Publications, 1997.

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Martellucci, S., e A. N. Chester, a cura di. Diffractive Optics and Optical Microsystems. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1474-3.

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Martellucci, S., e A. N. Chester, a cura di. Nonlinear Optics and Optical Computing. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0629-0.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Optics"

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Das, P. "Physical Optics, Wave Optics, and Fourier Optics". In Lasers and Optical Engineering, 74–186. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4424-0_2.

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Maestro, P., M. Chagny, P. P. Jobert, H. Van Damme e S. Berthier. "Optics". In Nanomaterials and Nanochemistry, 633–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72993-8_29.

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Poprawe, Reinhart. "Optics". In Tailored Light 2, 537–601. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01237-2_20.

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Kamal, Ahmad A. "Optics". In 1000 Solved Problems in Classical Physics, 703–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11943-9_15.

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Iffländer, Reinhard. "Optics". In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 209–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46585-0_9.

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Scharf, Günter. "Optics". In From Electrostatics to Optics, 188–239. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85087-5_6.

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Reader, Joseph. "Optics". In AIP Physics Desk Reference, 568–96. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3805-6_19.

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Keighley, John, e Stephen Doyle. "Optics". In Physics GCSE, 89–103. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14325-2_9.

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Effler, Steven W., e Mary Gail Perkins. "Optics". In Springer Series on Environmental Management, 535–99. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2318-4_7.

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Flügge, S. "Optics". In General Index / Generalregister, 333–413. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82502-6_5.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Optics"

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Pollicove, Harvey M. "The Center for Optics Manufacturing". In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1994.owd1.

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Center for Optics Manufacturing (COM) development efforts have demonstrated a revolutionary computer-controlled, flexible machining center capable of deterministically microgrinding spherical optics. The achievement established a commercially significant optics manufacturing technology, called Opticam (Optics Automation and Management), which is now being commercialized and implemented by the optics industry. Further, COM's initial Opticim (Optics computer integrated manufacturing) effort demonstrated the viability of integrating optical design, engineering, manufacturing, and management activities.
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Testorf, Markus, Jürgen Jahns, Nikolay A. Khilo e Andrey M. Goncharenko. "Off-axis Talbot effect and array generation in planar optics". In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.jtub.2.

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Recently, planar optics was introduced as a concept for the micro integration of free space optics1. For the planar optics approach passive optical elements are arranged on the surface of a thick transparent substrate. The light signal travels within the substrate along a folded zigzag path, reflected at the surfaces of the substrate. Since planar optics was first proposed, various applications were successfully demonstrated, like integrated split and shift modules2 or integrated optical imaging systems3.
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3

Burger, Robert J., e David A. Greenberg. "Designing with fiber-array optics". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.tuii5.

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Fiber-array optic composites combine fiber-optic, microlens array, and Fourier-optic properties and allow for many novel, manufacturable, cost-effective designs. Optical elements include fiber-optic faceplates, couplers, inverters, tapers, concentrators, reformatters, field limiters, and resolution filters. Faceplates with high numerical aperture provide substrates for phosphor screens and other energy-conversion devices. Fiber array field flatteners and couplers reduce the size, cost, and weight of optical designs. Inverters with concave surfaces provide on-axis, unobstructed field flattening and image erection in a compact package unparalleled by classical optics. Tapers offer magnification or minification with aspect ratios less than unity and also have the unique capability to illuminate and observe from one face. Fiber-array optics have extraordinary potential in the areas of photonics and integrated optics because they combine optical, mechanical, and electronic properties into one composite. Examples include digital cameras with circuit patterns and active devices on one side that transmit to circuits, devices, or a film imaging medium on the opposite side. New opportunities in optical computing and switching are suggested by the realization of the fractal dimension of array architectures. The design flexibility of fiber-array optics provides designers with tools to create many unique, manufacturable, low-cost optical and photonic systems.
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4

Lakshminarayanan, Vasudevan. "Theories of the Stiles-Crawford Effect: Waveguiding Properties of Photoreceptors". In Ophthalmic and Visual Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ovo.1993.ofe.4.

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Since the discovery of Stiles and Crawford in 1933 that visual sensitivity is greatest for light entering the center of the eye pupil,1 our knowledge of photoreceptor optics has grown tremendously. Photoreceptor optics can be defined as the study of the consequences of light propagation within photoreceptor cells. The retina is a complex optical processing system whose properties play an essential role in visual information processing. The photoreceptors behave as light collectors which capture the incident light and channel the electromagnetic energy to the sites of visual absorption. During this process, the photoreceptors act as classical waveguide (or fiber optic) elements, and the retina can be thought of as an enormous fiber optic bundle. Certain aspects of the behavior of the fiber optic bundle are reflected by the psychophysically determined Stiles Crawford effect or function (SCE). The reader is referred to the literature for further details on the SCE and photoreceptor optics2-4. It is the purpose of this paper to critically review the various theories that have been proposed to explain the SCE. More recent work on certain aspects of waveguiding in photoreceptors will be presented.
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5

Hashimoto, Asako, Kyoko Koda, Kashiko Kodate, Roshan Thapliya e Takeshi Kamiya. "Binary Zone Plate Array for Parallel Joint Transform Correlator System:Design and Evaluation". In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.1998.dtud.17.

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Optical information processing systems based on Fourier transformation, such as the matched filtering correlation or the joint transform correlation, offer advantages such as parallel processing capability, direct input of signal images, freedom from electronic noise, and so on1,2). The key components of these systems are micro-optic components for generating efficient multiple image and spatial light modulators for real-time optical filtering . Binary zone plate array (BZPA), one of the diffractive optical elements, is especially attractive in the fields of optical computing and interconnection, where use of free space optics offer flexibility in designing a system of massive parallelism3,4).
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6

Jannson, T., J. Jannson e R. Winston. "Nonimaging optics and Lommel optics in long-path optical guiding applications". In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.thi8.

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In a number of long-path optical devices related basically to highly-sensitive absorption spectroscopy and optical delay lines, laser sources and specially designed White-type1 multireflection cells have been used. The basic disadvantage of such guiding systems is that they are designed by using heavy curved-surface mirrors and based on ray-optics approximation. Hence, such systems are highly sensitive to beam divergence and any kind of mirror surface roughness. A new approach proposed in this paper is based on wave optics, i.e., optics of 2-D limited plane waves or on Lommel2 optics. Then the guiding system contains only a composition of flat mirror surfaces so that the final device can be light and portable still preserving very long optical paths (up to 100 m, within portable sizes). Moreover, such a system is beam-divergence/mirror-surface-roughness weakly sensitive; hence conventional sources such as LEDs, halogen lamps, etc. can be used, significantly decreasing the cost of the system. Additionally, for concentrating/collimating of the conventional source light beam, Winston’s nonimaging optics3 is used, highly improving sensitivity and optical S/N of the system.
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7

Park, Junghwan, Youngjae Kim e Hwi Kim. "Hamiltonian ray tracing of compressed lens via transformation-optics". In JSAP-OSA Joint Symposia. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jsap.2019.18p_e208_5.

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Today’s technology is driving the need for lighter, simpler, and more compact optical devices [1]. As part of that, a design method using the transformation optics is actively researched. The transformation optics is a new paradigm for the science of light that is enabled by recent developments in metamaterials [2]. The material properties designed by the transformation-optic method can be supported by the fast advance in the field of metamaterials. By combining metamaterial with Hamiltonian optics, we propose an unprecedented type of lens for an imaging system. This transformation-optic designed lens is devised for a compact imaging system. In this paper, we study the optical characteristics of transformation-optic compressed lens which have properties difficult to find in nature.
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8

Lawrence, George N., e Kenneth E. Moore. "Optical Design and Optimization with Physical Optics". In International Lens Design. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ild.1990.lma3.

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This paper describes implementation of optimization methods in physical optics modeling, similar to those used in geometrical lens design, but capable of treating the greater range of performance aspects which may be considered in a physical optics treatment. Physical optics, using a complex amplitude description of the optical beam and using Fourier diffraction propagation, provides a more accurate and powerful means of analysis than geometrical methods. Physical optics can more easily include nonlinear gain, unusual aperture shapes; a wider range of aberration types; mechanical and nonlinear optic phase conjugators; nonlinear optics effects such as stimulated Raman scattering, four-wave mixing, frequency doubling; optical resonators; etc.,.
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9

Gomez-Reino, C. "Grin optics, Fourier optics and optical connections". In 17th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for Science and New Technology. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2298947.

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10

Pollicove, Harvey M. "Precision Glass Molded Optics". In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1988.fb2.

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Abstract (sommario):
Precisely molded Glass Spherical and Aspheric optical elements are a fairly recent development in optics manufacturing. This paper will describe the various techniques developed to mold glass lenses, with application examples given for each method. A worldwide survey of known commercial availability and very recent developments at Kodak to demonstrate the potential of the precision glass molding technology are reviewed. Precision Glass Molding (PGM) at Kodak has been extended from Spherical and Aspheric lens molding to non-symmetrical optics. Even more recently radiation hardened glasses, glass-based infrared materials, and laser glasses have been molded. Since the molded optic precisely replicates the tool, features on the optic can be utilized to more easily align aspheric and non-symmetrical optical elements into the optical system. Transmitted wavefronts of better than 0.05 waves rms are achieved with a single aspheric lens. Overall performance of the single element lens system is typically superior to a three-element spherical lens system when field performance, magnification control, and actual N.A. control are considered.
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Optics"

1

Rand, S. C. Optical Fibers for Nonlinear Optics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada174518.

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2

Roland Winston Joseph O'Gallagher. ''Atomic Optics'': Nonimaging Optics on the Nanoscale. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838024.

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3

DeShazer, Larry, Antonio Pastor e Stephen Rand. Investigation of Optical Fibers for Nonlinear Optics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, novembre 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada164075.

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4

Parham, T. NIF optics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15002100.

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5

Schneider, Richard T. Multiaperture Optics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzo 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada167060.

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6

Nash, Boaz. Solenoid Fringe Optics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/784881.

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McLaughlin, David W. Mathematical Nonlinear Optics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, settembre 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada360928.

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Iverson, R. GTF Triplet Optics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839649.

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9

Cronin-Golomb, Mark. Photorefractive Nonlinear Optics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzo 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada292913.

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10

McLaughlin, David W. Mathematical Nonlinear Optics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada299703.

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