Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Optical toxicities"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Optical toxicities"
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Yohan, Darren, Anthony Kim, Elina Korpela, Stanley Liu, Carolyn Niu, Brian C. Wilson e Lee CL Chin. "Quantitative monitoring of radiation induced skin toxicities in nude mice using optical biomarkers measured from diffuse optical reflectance spectroscopy". Biomedical Optics Express 5, n. 5 (1 aprile 2014): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.5.001309.
Testo completo
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Bradford, Chairman, Robert W., e Curriculum Oversight. "High Resolution Optical Microscopy Will Play a Major Role in Functional Assessments and the Prevention of Disease". Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (agosto 2000): 834–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036667.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The typical aging processes can be characterized by a gradual alteration and essential breakdown of the functional systems of the body. Numerous factors play important roles in the alterations of these pathways from biochemical individuality and genetic predisposition to environmental insults and deficiency states.1 Clinical research, as but one example, has clearly documented the role of free radicals (ROS) or oxidative injury in disease and aging affecting the body's basic cellular structures.The objective of functional or health assessments is to be able to detect in vivo stresses and imbalances in the biological systems, while the patient is asymptomatic, so that early therapeutic intervention can resolve the problems prior to disease onset or accelerated aging. The ability to assess risk factors and treat the sub-clinical metabolic toxicities, deficiency states, hormonal imbalances, oxidative injury (ROS), immunodeficiencies, enzyme down regulations, antioxidant status, metal toxicities, cardiovascular stresses, organ reserves/stresses and detox systems in a low-complexity, cost-effective office procedure is true preventive medicine.
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Futra, Dedi, Lee Heng, Asmat Ahmad, Salmijah Surif e Tan Ling. "An Optical Biosensor from Green Fluorescent Escherichia coli for the Evaluation of Single and Combined Heavy Metal Toxicities". Sensors 15, n. 6 (28 maggio 2015): 12668–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s150612668.
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Colaço, Raul, Mariana Portela, Ilda Costa, Marta Guedes e António Mota. "Radiotherapy as Salvage Treatment in Intraocular Lymphoma: A Case Report". Case Reports in Oncology 14, n. 1 (1 marzo 2021): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000512216.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A 67-year-old previously healthy woman presented with progressive visual impairment including bitemporal hemianopsia. A brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a contrast-enhancing mass in the optic chiasm, spreading along the left optic tract. The patient underwent a transcranial biopsy of the left optical tract that yielded a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, PET-CT, and bone marrow biopsy revealed no evidence of systemic lymphoma. Thus, the final diagnosis was of primary central nervous system lymphoma of the optic chiasm. Systemic treatment was initiated with full response. Six months after the end of the treatment, recurrence at cerebellum parenchyma and left tentorium was recorded. A new systemic treatment achieved full response. A second recurrence was noted in an optical coherence tomography of the right eye, 2 years after the initial diagnosis. The patient was treated with intravitreal methotrexate with initial success, but eventual failure after 10 months. Intravitreal rituximab was used with no effect. The patient was then referred to radiotherapy and underwent external beam radiotherapy with VMAT. There were no acute toxicities to report. After the radiotherapy treatment, at 1-year follow-up, the patient has no evidence of disease. Long-term toxicities were recorded and are considered manageable. The present case emphasizes the role of ocular irradiation as an option in the management of intraocular lymphoma patients, including in the salvage setting, with an acceptable ocular toxicity profile.
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Capitini, Claudia, Jayneil R. Patel, Antonino Natalello, Cristiano D’Andrea, Annalisa Relini, James A. Jarvis, Leila Birolo et al. "Structural differences between toxic and nontoxic HypF-N oligomers". Chemical Communications 54, n. 62 (2018): 8637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc03446j.
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Xing, Lei, Jia-Liang Zhang, Tian-jiao Zhou, Yu-Jing He, Peng-Fei Cui, Jia-Hui Gong, Minjie Sun et al. "A novel design of a polynuclear co-delivery system for safe and efficient cancer therapy". Chemical Communications 54, n. 63 (2018): 8737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc03720e.
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A polynuclear nanoparticle fabricated through a sequential hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction mechanism can circumvent the contradictory problem of siRNA binding capacity and toxicities of cationic vectors.
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Dang, Xiangnan, Li Gu, Jifa Qi, Santiago Correa, Geran Zhang, Angela M. Belcher e Paula T. Hammond. "Layer-by-layer assembled fluorescent probes in the second near-infrared window for systemic delivery and detection of ovarian cancer". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n. 19 (25 aprile 2016): 5179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1521175113.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000–1,700 nm) features deep tissue penetration, reduced tissue scattering, and diminishing tissue autofluorescence. Here, NIR-II fluorescent probes, including down-conversion nanoparticles, quantum dots, single-walled carbon nanotubes, and organic dyes, are constructed into biocompatible nanoparticles using the layer-by-layer (LbL) platform due to its modular and versatile nature. The LbL platform has previously been demonstrated to enable incorporation of diagnostic agents, drugs, and nucleic acids such as siRNA while providing enhanced blood plasma half-life and tumor targeting. This work carries out head-to-head comparisons of currently available NIR-II probes with identical LbL coatings with regard to their biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicities. Overall, rare-earth-based down-conversion nanoparticles demonstrate optimal biological and optical performance and are evaluated as a diagnostic probe for high-grade serous ovarian cancer, typically diagnosed at late stage. Successful detection of orthotopic ovarian tumors is achieved by in vivo NIR-II imaging and confirmed by ex vivo microscopic imaging. Collectively, these results indicate that LbL-based NIR-II probes can serve as a promising theranostic platform to effectively and noninvasively monitor the progression and treatment of serous ovarian cancer.
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Yang, Han Yu. "Lanthanide-Based Nanoprobes for Time-Resolved Luminescence Imaging on Various Ions and Molecules". Materials Science Forum 1075 (30 novembre 2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-76fds1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (Ln-UCNPs) have been extensively explored in the biological field. In particular, Ln-UCNPs with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence have tremendous potential for biological imaging because of their outstanding photo-and chemo-stability, extended photoluminescence lifetimes, low long-term toxicities and narrow photoluminescence bandwidths as well as minimal background interferences. Using predesigned energy transfer routes makes it possible to get upconversion luminescence from lanthanides' 4f-4f optical transitions. This article clarifies the key working principles and superiorities of Ln-UCNPs for bioimaging. A crucial overview of recent advances in biological detection adopting lanthanide-based luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) mechanisms is presented while emphasizing the importance of modifying Ln-UCNPs to obtain a more efficient energy transfer mechanism.
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Ray, Shariqsrijon Sinha, e Jayita Bandyopadhyay. "Nanotechnology-enabled biomedical engineering: Current trends, future scopes, and perspectives". Nanotechnology Reviews 10, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 728–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0052.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Applications of nanotechnology in biomedical engineering are vast and span several interdisciplinary areas of nanomedicine, diagnostics, and nanotheranostics. Herein, we provide a brief perspective on nanotechnology as an enabling tool for the design of new functional materials and devices for medical applications. Semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots, are commonly used in optical imaging to diagnose diseases such as cancer. Varieties of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, and two-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures, are prospective therapeutics and may also be used in protective antiviral/antibacterial applications. Similarly, a number of nanomaterials have shown the potential to overcome the drawbacks of conventional antiviral drugs. However, assessing the adverse effects and toxicities of nanoparticles in medicine and therapeutics is becoming more critical. This article discusses the latest developments of nanomaterials in diagnosis, nanotheranostics, and nanomedicines, with particular emphasis on the importance of nanomaterials in fighting against coronavirus disease. Further, we considered the safety and toxicity of nanomaterials in the context of biomedical applications. Finally, we provided our perspective on the future of nanotechnology in emerging biomedical engineering fields.
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Jia, Qi, Nana Xu, Pengqian Mu, Bo Wang, Shuming Yang e Jing Qiu. "Stereoselective Separation and Acute Toxicity of Tau-Fluvalinate to Zebrafish". Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/931908.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tau-fluvalinate (TFLV) is one of the most potent chiral synthetic pyrethroids to control a wide range of pests in agricultural fields, especially in apiary. In this study, two stereoisomers of TFLV were fully separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a semipreparative chiral column using cellulose-tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) as chiral stationary phase andn-hexane and 2-propanol (96/4, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 2.5 mL min−1. The (+)-stereoisomer was first eluted by detecting with an optical rotation detector. After obtaining pure single stereoisomer of TFLV, acute toxicities of each isomer and TFLV standard to zebrafish were evaluated. The results showed that the (+)-stereoisomer exhibited 273.4 times higher toxicity than the (−)-stereoisomer and 6.7 times higher than TFLV standard, according to their LC50values at 96 h after exposure. This indicates that the toxicity of TFLV mainly originates from (+)-stereoisomer. These results are very helpful to prepare single stereoisomer of chiral pesticides and evaluate their different toxicological effects to aquatic organisms.
Tesi sul tema "Optical toxicities"
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Azemar, Nathan. "Μοdélisatiοn des tοxicités οptiques induites par radiοthérapie avec faisceaux de prοtοns". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04947852.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La protonthérapie, grâce à sa capacité à délivrer des doses élevées aux tumeurs tout en épargnant les tissus sains, est une option thérapeutique privilégiée pour traiter des localisations proches des structures optiques. Cependant, les rayonnements peuvent endommager les voies visuelles et causer des déficits visuels sévères. Cette thèse vise à modéliser les toxicités optiques induites par la protonthérapie chez les patients traités pour des tumeurs de la tête et du cou. Le travail repose sur l’analyse de données dosimétriques et paracliniques collectées auprès de 223 patients traités par protonthérapie au Centre François Baclesse et suivis au CHU de Caen. Une base de données multicentrique a été constituée, incluant les dosimétries, ainsi que les résultats des examens paracliniques (champ visuel, tomographie par cohérence optique et potentiels évoqués visuels). Un modèle relationnel a été développé pour établir un lien entre les résultats de champ visuel et la dose reçue par les organes visuels. Cette modélisation a mis en lumière les difficultés d'association des points du champ visuel avec les structures des voies optiques, en raison de la petite taille des structures, des incertitudes de segmentation et des mouvements des patients. Ce constat nous a conduit à mener une réduction de données et à évaluer les incertitudes de ces dernières. Ces analyses ont révélé les effets immédiats du traitement sur les examens paracliniques, ainsi que leurs évolutions dans le temps. Ces travaux ouvrent la voie à l’utilisation de modèles géométriques pour anticiper les complications visuelles et ainsi optimiser la prise en charge des patientsProton therapy, with its ability to deliver high doses to tumors while sparing healthy tissues, is a preferred therapeutic option for treating tumors located near optical structures. However, radiation exposure can damage visual pathways, leading to severe visual deficits. This thesis aims to model the optical toxicities induced by proton therapy in patients treated for head and neck tumors. This work is based on the analysis of dosimetric and paraclinical data collected from 223 patients treated with proton therapy at the Centre François Baclesse and monitored at the University Hospital of Caen. A multicenter database was created, including dosimetry data as well as paraclinical examination results (visual field tests, optical coherence tomography, and visual evoked potentials). A relational model was developed to establish a link between visual field outcomes and the dose received by visual organs. This modeling highlighted challenges in associating visual field points with optical pathway structures, due to the small size of these structures, segmentation uncertainties, and patient movements. Consequently, a data reduction and uncertainty evaluation were performed. These analyses revealed the immediate effects of treatment on paraclinical examinations, as well as their progression over time. This work paves the way for the use of geometric and statistical models to predict visual complications, thus optimizing patient care
Libri sul tema "Optical toxicities"
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Matiello, Marcelo, e Tamara B. Kaplan. A Mother Who Could Not See Her Baby. A cura di Angela O’Neal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190609917.003.0027.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) belong to a group of relapsing neurological syndromes characterized by significant morbidity and mortality due to central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and necrosis. Most patients are seropositive for pathogenic antibodies targeting Aquaporin-4, and while this water channel is mostly expressed on the foot processes of astrocytes, it is also expressed in placental tissues. On planning a pregnancy, patients should be well informed about the increased risk of preeclampsia and miscarriages, and that most medications used to treat NMOSD have potentially severe toxicities to the fetus. There is also increased risk of relapses in the postpartum period, and immunosuppressive agents are the mainstream method of preventing attacks.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Optical toxicities"
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Bossi, Paolo, e Luigi Lorini. "Optimal Supportive Measures during Primary Treatment". In Critical Issues in Head and Neck Oncology, 221–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63234-2_15.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractSupportive care during curative treatment of head and neck cancer patients has different scopes: reducing the burden of acute toxicities and limiting the risk of developing late adverse effects; increasing the quality of life of the patients; allowing to perform optimal curative therapy, maintaining treatment dose intensity; preventing higher grade toxicities so to reduce also the costs associated with hospitalization, examinations, visits and use of drugs. At the same time, it is necessary to give uniformity in the supportive care protocols, as these preventive and therapeutic measures may influence the results of oncological treatments and their efficacy should be evaluated in a consistent manner. Several preventive and therapeutic interventions are available, particularly in the context of chemoradiotherapy, where the adverse events are more prominent. An accurate evaluation of the patient and a tailored approach with preventative indications and therapeutic interventions represent key factors. This approach could be easily identified within a “simultaneous care” strategy, as the optimal supportive measures are provided concurrently to the best therapeutic approach since the beginning of the treatment.
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Kumari, Neeraj, e Meena Bhandari. "Surface Functionalization Reactions of Graphene-Based Nanostructure and Their Practical Application". In Chemistry of Graphene - Synthesis, Reactivity, Applications and Toxicities [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114855.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Graphene (G) has captured the attention of scientists and researchers due to its remarkable electronic, structural, optical, and mechanical properties. While pristine G has been used for various desirable applications requiring high electrical conductivity, there is also a demand for altered or functionalized versions of G, such as G oxide, reduced G, and other functionalized variants, in numerous other applications. The structural alteration of G through chemical functionalization unveils a multitude of possibilities for adjusting its configuration, and various chemical and physical functionalization techniques have been explored to enhance G’s stability and adaptability. Functionalization allows the customization of graphene’s properties, such as electronic, chemical, and mechanical characteristics, to suit specific applications. This chapter highlights the functionalization of graphene-based nanostructure, encompassing both covalent and non-covalent approaches, for a wide range of applications as well as for addressing current challenges and for outlining potential future research directions concerning surface functional modification for G and graphene oxide (GO).
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Selvakumar, P., S. Seenivasan, G. Vijayakumar, A. Panneerselvam e A. Revathi. "Application of Nanotechnology on Medicine and Biomedical Engineering". In Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care, 195–210. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-3065-4.ch007.
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Numerous interdisciplinary fields, including nanomedicine, diagnostics, and nanotheranostics, have seen the extensive use of nanotechnology in biomedical engineering. This chapter will give a quick overview of nanotechnology's role as a tool that facilitates the creation of novel functional materials and medical devices here. Quantum dots, or semiconductor nanocrystals, are widely utilized in optical imaging for the diagnosis of conditions like cancer. Nanomaterials have potential applications as treatments and as preventative antiviral/antibacterial agents. In a similar vein, some nanomaterials have demonstrated the ability to circumvent the limitations of traditional antiviral medications. However, it's becoming more important to evaluate the negative impacts and toxicities of nanoparticles in medicine and treatments. The importance of nanoparticles in combating coronavirus disease is highlighted in this article's conversation of the most recent advancement in nanomaterials.
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Shakya, Akhilesh Kumar, e Kutty Selva Nandakumar. "Applications of Nanomaterials for Activation and Suppression of Immune Responses". In Materials Science and Engineering, 859–75. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch034.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Evaluation of immuno-modulating properties of nanomaterials is important to develop new potential therapeutics for inflammatory diseases and cancer. Activation and suppressive effects of nanomaterials on immune responses occur through various interactions with different host proteins. They can also be engineered as carriers and/or adjuvants for different proteins or antigens. Particles, emulsions, and tubes/rods are the major formats of nanomaterials currently used in biomedical applications. Sometimes, nanomaterials induce side effects like undesired immunosuppression and toxicities, which are major concerns at present in designing optimal nanotherapeutics. This chapter summarizes different types of nanomaterials and their effect on immune responses.
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Shakya, Akhilesh Kumar, e Kutty Selva Nandakumar. "Applications of Nanomaterials for Activation and Suppression of Immune Responses". In Handbook of Research on Diverse Applications of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine, Chemistry, and Engineering, 205–20. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6363-3.ch011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Evaluation of immuno-modulating properties of nanomaterials is important to develop new potential therapeutics for inflammatory diseases and cancer. Activation and suppressive effects of nanomaterials on immune responses occur through various interactions with different host proteins. They can also be engineered as carriers and/or adjuvants for different proteins or antigens. Particles, emulsions, and tubes/rods are the major formats of nanomaterials currently used in biomedical applications. Sometimes, nanomaterials induce side effects like undesired immunosuppression and toxicities, which are major concerns at present in designing optimal nanotherapeutics. This chapter summarizes different types of nanomaterials and their effect on immune responses.
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Parker, Nicholas M. "Comparative Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Anesthetics". In Basic Anesthesia Review, a cura di Alaa Abd-Elsayed, 180–82. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197584569.003.0069.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract A variety of effective inhaled anesthetics is available, including nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane, enflurane, and halothane. The agents differ in time to onset, hemodynamic effects, pungency, and toxicities. Nitrous oxide has an excellent safety profile but cannot produce complete anesthesia on its own. Sevoflurane may be used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia but can cause hypotension. Isoflurane is potent and inexpensive, which may be of benefit for long operations. Desflurane is useful for rapidly increasing the depth of anesthesia during painful parts of a surgery. Understanding the pharmacologic similarities and differences of each inhaled anesthetic allows for optimal anesthetic selection for a given patient and operation.
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Alhuraiji, Ahmad, Dina Abd El Razik e Shaza A.A. Elkourahy Omar. "Treatment of Multiple Myeloma in the First Relapse". In Recent Update on Multiple Myeloma [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106895.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The treatment scope for relapsed myeloma has been expanded considerably in the last few years, by virtue of the advent of numerous novel agents with new mechanisms of actions. This has resulted in increasing responses and prolonging survival even in advanced diseases. The wealth of novel regimens comes with the challenges of balancing toxicities and aligning a regimen with the biology of myeloma and the nature of relapse in conjunction with the patient’s treatment history, comorbidities, and personal preference. The second-line treatment in myeloma includes new generation of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulators, CD38 monoclonal antibodies, Panobinostat, and Elotuzumab. Recent randomized trials have shown that triplet combinations incorporating CD38 monoclonal antibodies, dexamethasone along with either proteasome inhibitor or immunomodulator were superior to doublet combinations in terms of response rate and progression-free survival. The choice of the second-line therapy is determined by lenalidomide/bortezomib exposure and resistance and access to new agents. Furthermore, autologous transplantation should be considered in selected cases. Here, we will be discussing the optimal management of multiple myeloma in the first relapse.
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Wu, X., Y. Liu e Z. Jin. "3 Organocatalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution". In Dynamic Kinetic Resolution (DKR) and Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations (DYKAT). Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-237-00019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThere has long been interest in obtaining optically pure molecules from racemic or non-chiral starting materials through environmentally friendly chemical transformations with high yields and enantioselectivities. Organocatalytic reactions possess the inherent advantages of non-toxicity and good efficiency and are insensitive to air and moisture. Dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) represents one class of the most efficient strategies for the preparation of chiral molecules from racemic mixtures with up to 100% yields. Therefore, DKR reactions promoted by various organic catalysts are attractive based on their efficiencies, selectivities, and low toxicities. In this review, we introduce some representative examples of the reported DKR reactions catalyzed by typical organic catalysts, including chiral amines, Brønsted acids, N-heterocyclic carbenes, phosphines, guanidines, and isothioureas. The aim is to provide readers with a general overview of the scope and efficiency of organocatalytic DKR transformations and to inspire groundbreaking ideas for the development and applications of organocatalytic DKR reactions in future research.
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Kumar Gupta, Ajay, e Sanmati Kumar Jain. "DESIGNING AND DOCKING STUDIES OF ARYL BIOISOSTERES OF ENZALUTAMIDE FOR PROSTATE CANCER THERAPY". In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 12, 167–79. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs12p2ch5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cancer is a major health problem throughout the world. Androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are essential for the growth and development of the prostate gland. Androgenic receptors are overexpressed, which promotes the progression of prostate cancer (PC) therefore, androgenic receptors are a key target in the therapy of PC. A non-steroidal antiandrogen drug called enzalutamide (ENZ) is used to treat PC; however, it also causes toxicities such as cardiovascular toxicity, acute myocarditis, hypertension, and seizures. The study's goal is to use a bioisosteric approach to replace the aryl group in the ENZ molecule in order to generate a less toxic analogues with improve pharmacokinetic properties and reduce toxicity. The physicochemical, medicinal, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological characteristics of the designed analogues were calculated using ADMETlab 2.0. Drug likeness (DL) and drug score (DS) of analogues were calculated using OSIRIS property explorer (PEO). The docking analysis of designed ENZ analogues was carried out with the help of AutoDock Vina (ADV). Designed analogues met the requirements for acceptability and followed the Lipinski rule of five. The ADMET profile of designed analogues was found to be optimal to good. However, no hydrogen bond was found in docking interactions between ligands and protein. Based on their QED score, ADMET properties, toxicity score, DL, DS and docking interactions, ligands E6 and E20 may be used for further screening as androgen receptor (AR) antagonists in management of PC.
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Baker, Kenneth F., e John D. Isaacs. "Rheumatoid arthritis". In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, a cura di Richard A. Watts, 4415–40. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0446.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease characterized by both synovial and systemic inflammation. Synovitis classically presents as a symmetrical destructive polyarthritis affecting the hands and feet typified by episodic pain, stiffness, and swelling. Systemic inflammation leads to a range of extra-articular manifestations including organ involvement (e.g. interstitial lung disease, scleritis), constitutional features (e.g. fatigue, depression) and other complications (e.g. accelerated atherosclerosis, nerve and spinal cord compression). Rheumatoid arthritis is a clinical diagnosis based largely upon history and examination, supported by a limited range of investigation findings including elevated acute-phase reactants, autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody), and imaging (e.g. musculoskeletal ultrasound). If left untreated, patients can rapidly develop irreversible joint damage leading to chronic pain, deformity, disability, and premature mortality. However, with early initiation of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in treat-to-target strategies, disease remission is now achievable for many patients. Conventional synthetic DMARDs are the anchor of rheumatoid arthritis therapy, with methotrexate the recommended first choice. Biological DMARDs (monoclonal antibodies and soluble receptors) and targeted synthetic DMARDs (Janus kinase inhibitors) are reserved as second-line agents. Glucocorticoids are helpful as bridging therapy, though their considerable side effect profile prohibits their use as maintenance therapy. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective in relieving arthritis pain, but long-term use is limited by their potential cardiovascular, renal, and gastrointestinal toxicities. With optimal care from a multidisciplinary team, many patients achieve and retain disease remission with maintenance of employment and quality of life.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Optical toxicities"
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Nagchaudhuri, Abhijit, Jesuraj Pandya, Bede Nnebedum, Madhumi Mitra e Caleb Nindo. "Leveraging Smart Farming Technologies for Optimal pH Adjustments With Variable Rate Lime Application". In ASME 2023 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2023-114933.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Variable rate lime application involves using advanced digital and geospatial technologies to apply lime at varying rates across a field based on soil pH levels. Soil pH levels can vary significantly across a field, and applying lime uniformly may result in over-application in some areas and under-application in others. Applying lime at variable rates, based on prescription maps prepared using soil analysis data from grid sampling can improve soil pH and achieve a desired pH level. Soil pH affects nutrient availability, soil microbial activity, crop growth, and crop development and yield. The target pH level for row crops can vary depending on the crop type, soil type, and other factors. However, a good target pH range for row crops is generally between 6.0 and 7.0. In this work, the target pH level was set at 6.5 throughout the field. Soil pH levels in an agricultural field can change over time due to a variety of reasons including rainfall, topography, soil type, and fertilizer use among others. The soil pH needs to be monitored regularly and adjusted as required to maintain optimal soil conditions for crops. When the soil pH is too low or too high, it can result in nutrient deficiencies or toxicities, reduced soil microbial activity, and reduced crop yields.
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Francisco, Alice Aparecida Rodrigues Ferreira, e Pedro Lopez. "EXERCISE AS AN ADJUVANT THERAPY FOR FATIGUE AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS: A REVIEW OF CURRENT EVIDENCE". In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: During primary breast cancer (BC) treatment, both systemic and local therapies are used to eliminate tumoral cells and reduce the risk of recurrence or disease progression. However, despite the efficacy and success of these treatments, most patients have their quality of life affected by some treatment-related side effects. Among them, fatigue and reductions in cardiorespiratory fitness are commonly observed in response to treatment toxicities during and even following primary treatment. To date, exercise has been considered an effective intervention to counteract these side effects. In the past few years, guidelines from the American Cancer Society, American College of Sports Medicine, and Exercise and Sport Science Australia were published highlighting the importance of being physically active before or after a cancer diagnosis. Recently, the Brazilian Clinical Oncology Society also started a new guideline in exercise and oncology. However, even with numerous studies demonstrating that exercise is effective, the relationship between its prescription variables and effects on these outcomes is unclear. Consequently, it is of great interest to understand the effects of different exercise modalities (e.g., resistance training, aerobic exercise or combined resistance, and aerobic exercise) and their effects on fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the effects and moderators of exercise on fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness in women with BC. Methods: This is a narrative literature review concerning the exercise effects and moderators of exercise response on fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness in women with BC. The search was undertaken in PubMed using the following terms: “cancer” AND “exercise” AND (“fatigue” OR “cardiorespiratory fitness”) in November 2021. Given the specificity of the topic and outcomes of interest, we selected seven systematic reviews with meta-analysis to describe the exercise effects and moderators of exercise response on fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness in BC patients. Results: In summary, the design of supervised exercise programs could benefit women with BC. In addition, exercise could result in greater effects in patients presenting higher levels of fatigue when compared to those who do not present. Some examples of supervised exercise programs are in studies from the Supervised Trial of Aerobic Versus Resistance Training (START), Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise (CARE), and Optimal Training Women with BC trials (OptiTrain). These studies prescribed resistance training, aerobic exercise, and combined resistance and aerobic exercise, 2–3 exercise sessions per week, 1–3 sets of 8–12 repetitions at 60–70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM) per resistance exercise, and 20–30 min of continuous or high-intensity interval aerobic exercise at 13–15 of the rated perceived exertion (RPE) scale. Regarding the exercise program prescription, supervised, high-intensity, or nonlinear schedule aerobic exercises are also associated with greater effects on cardiorespiratory fitness. The fact that supervised exercise results in greater benefits in cardiorespiratory fitness compared to unsupervised programs (supervised exercise, ES=0.34, 95%CI 0.28–0.40; unsupervised exercise, ES=0.19, 95%CI 0.07–0.32) is an important information. Conclusion: Sufficient evidence indicates that exercise promotes significant effects on fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness in women with BC. In addition, specific subgroups of patients based on age and baseline levels appear to respond more favorably than others. Regarding contraindications, the exercise prescription should occur accordingly to and with the clearance of the oncologist and the medical team, respecting patients’ individualities, the feasible period for exercise, symptoms, and treatment course.