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1
Jóźwicki, Mateusz Łukasz, Mateusz Gargol, Małgorzata Gil-Kowalczyk e Paweł Mergo. "Commercially available granulates PMMA and PS - potential problems with the production of polymer optical fibers". Photonics Letters of Poland 12, n. 3 (30 settembre 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i3.1036.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the study was to verify the usefulness of commercially available granulates of PMMA (poly (methyl methacrylate) and PS (polystyrene) for the production of polymer optical fibers by extrusion method. Samples were subjected to thermal processing in various conditions (different temperatures and exposure time). Thermal (TG/DTG) and spectroscopic (ATR/FT-IR) analyses were carried out to analyze changes in the samples. Based on FT-IR analysis of liquid monomers and granulates the conversion of double bonds was calculated, which gave us a picture of the degree of monomers conversion, crucial information from the technological point of view. Full Text: PDF ReferencesO. Ziemann, J. Krauser, P.E. Zamzow, W. Daum, POF Polymer Optical Fibersfor Data Communication (Berlin: Springer 2008). DirectLink P. Stajanca et al. "Solution-mediated cladding doping of commercial polymer optical fibers", Opt. Fiber Technol. 41, 227-234, (2018). CrossRef K. Peters, "Polymer optical fiber sensors—a review", Smart Mater. Struct., 20 013002 (2011) CrossRef J. Zubia and J. Arrue, "Plastic Optical Fibers: An Introduction to Their Technological Processes and Applications", Opt. Fiber Technol. 7 ,101-40 (2001) CrossRef M. Beckers, T. Schlüter, T. Gries, G. Seide, C.-A. Bunge, "6 - Fabrication techniques for polymer optical fibres", Polymer Optical Fibres, 187-199 (2017) CrossRef M. Niedźwiedź , M. Gil, M. Gargol , W. Podkościelny, P. Mergo, "Determination of the optimal extrusion temperature of the PMMA optical fibers", Phot. Lett. Poland 11, 7-9 (2019) CrossRef
2
Krivenko, Yu E., e E. I. Andreeva. "Traffic interception in fiber optical video-systems". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2086, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2021): 012150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2086/1/012150.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In fiber-optic video systems, as well as in optical communication systems, standard single mode optical fibers (SSMF, standard G.652) are usually used. One of the advantages of these fibers is the ability to use CWDM in a wide spectrum. At the same time, more optimal near the wave-length of 1550 nm are provided by non-zero dispersion fiber (NZDSF, standard G.655) fibers. However, as studies have shown, these optical fibers have an increased sensitivity to bending. This fact can be used to traffic interception. It is shown that fiber-optics systems with SSMF have more protection from traffic interception than systems with NZDSF. To transmit a high-confidentiality video signal, special techniques, such as frequency modulation, can be used, or additional noise signals can be added.
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Tandon, Pushkar, Ming-Jun Li, Dana C. Bookbinder, Stephan L. Logunov e Edward J. Fewkes. "Nano-engineered optical fibers and applications". Nanophotonics 2, n. 5-6 (16 dicembre 2013): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0032.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe paper reviews optical fibers with nano-engineered features and methods to fabricate them. These optical fibers have nano-engineered regions comprising of randomly distributed voids which provide unique properties for designing next generation of fibers. Discussion of impact of void morphology on fiber optical properties is presented, along with the methods to control the void characteristics. Use of nano-engineered fibers for different applications (ultra-low bend loss single mode fiber, quasi-single mode bend loss fiber, endless single-mode fiber, light diffusing fibers) is discussed and the unique optical attributes of the fibers in these applications is highlighted.
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Cozic, Solenn, Simon Boivinet, Christophe Pierre, Johan Boulet, Samuel Poulain e Marcel Poulain. "Splicing fluoride glass and silica optical fibers". EPJ Web of Conferences 215 (2019): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921504003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Splicing fluoride glass fibers and silica fibers is a critical point for manufacturing all fibered laser modules. As these materials are extremely different, various problems must be considered: thermal, expansion, mechanical, chemical. Reliability and power handling make priority concerns. We report splices made on a 200/220 multimode silica fiber and a double clad 15/250/290 ZBLAN fiber. Splices are proof tested at 300 g tensile strength. No damage is observed after thermal cycling from -30 °C to 85 °C, at 40 % RH during 24 hours. Typical optical splice loss is about 0.2 dB. They withstand 220 W input power at 976 nm without any damage and drastic temperature increasing.
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Boyd, Robert W., e Eric L. Buckland. "Nonlinear Optical Interactions in Optical Fibers". Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 07, n. 01 (marzo 1998): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863598000089.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We report on our research program aimed at clarifying the physical processes leading to the nonlinear optical response of silica optical fibers and at studying the implications of optical nonlinearities on optical pulse propagation and optical switching devices. The dominant physical processes leading to the nonlinear optical response of an optical fiber are nonresonant electronic polarization, with essentially instantaneous response, the Raman interaction, with sub-picosecond response, and electrostriction, with nanosecond response. We present experimental results that show the consequence of each of these processes on the propagation of a light pulse through an optical fiber. We have also performed one of the first direct measurements of the electrostrictive contribution to the nonlinear refractive index of optical fibers. We measure values ranging from 1.5 × 10-16 to 5.8 × 10-16 cm2/W , depending on fiber type. These values are comparable to that of the fast, Kerr nonlinearity (i.e., sum of electronic and Raman contributions) of 2.5 × 10-16 cm2/W . The measured electrostrictive nonlinearities are significantly larger than those predicted by simple models, and the possible explanations of this difference are discussed.
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Romaniuk, Ryszard S., e Waldemar Wójcik. "Optical Fiber Technology 2012". International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications 59, n. 2 (1 giugno 2013): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eletel-2013-0016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The Conference on Optical Fibers and Their Applications, Nałȩczów 2012, in its 14th edition, which has been organized since more than 35 years, has summarized the achievements of the local optical fiber technology community, for the last year and a half. The conference specializes in developments of optical fiber technology, glass and polymer, classical and microstructured, passive and active. The event gathered around 100 participants. There were shown 60 presentations of 20 research and application groups active in fiber photonics, originating from academia and industry. Topical tracks of the Conference were: photonic materials, planar waveguides, passive and active optical fibers, propagation theory in nonstandard optical fibers, and new constructions of optical fibers. A panel discussion concerned teaching in fiber photonics. The conference was accompanied by a school on Optical Fiber Technology. The paper summarizes the chosen main topical tracks of the conference on Optical Fibers and Their Applications, Nałȩczów 2012. The papers from the conference presentations will be published in Proc. SPIE, including a conference version of this paper. The next conference of this series is scheduled for January 2014 in Białowie˙za.
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Barczak, K. "Magnetooptic effect of photonic crystal fiber in blue region of visible spectrum". Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2014): 683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0074.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The phenomenon of optical birefringence in optical fibers is caused by external factors and stress induced by the manufacturing process. This optical birefringence makes it difficult to apply optical fibers as a polarimetric sensors head. Author of this paper, proposes the application of index guiding photonic crystal fibers because stress values in a fiber core caused by internal and external factors are lower. In this paper investigation results extended in comparison with the previous author’s investigations are presented. This extension relies on investigation of magnetooptic for wavelength 405 nm. On the basis of experimental results optimal work points of optical sensing fibers were determined.
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Pickrell, Gary R., Evgenya S. Smirnova, Stanton L. De Haven e Robert S. Rogowski. "Hybrid Ordered Hole-Random Hole Optical Fibers". Advances in Science and Technology 45 (ottobre 2006): 2598–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.45.2598.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Photonic band gap (PBG) fibers have generated significant interest over the last decade due to the unique set of properties these fibers exhibit. In general, these fibers have been made by drawing a series of glass tubes (which are stacked in an ordered array) into a fiber. These fibers consist of an ordered arrangement of holes or tubes in a glass matrix. In this invited paper we describe a novel type of fiber, called HORHOFs (hybrid ordered random hole optical fibers). In these fibers, the refractive index of the ordered-hole region is controlled by incorporation of very small tubes of glass produced in-situ during the fiber drawing process. The result is a region of controllable glass density inside the “ordered hole”. This allows tailoring of the refractive index of the hole region and of the matrix glass around the holes. Description of the process to produce these new types of fibers, micrographs of some of the fibers produced, some potential applications, and the results of some computer modeling to predict the properties of these fibers, are presented.
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Sumetsky, M. "Nanophotonics of optical fibers". Nanophotonics 2, n. 5-6 (16 dicembre 2013): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0041.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis review is concerned with nanoscale effects in highly transparent dielectric photonic structures fabricated from optical fibers. In contrast to those in plasmonics, these structures do not contain metal particles, wires, or films with nanoscale dimensions. Nevertheless, a nanoscale perturbation of the fiber radius can significantly alter their performance. This paper consists of three parts. The first part considers propagation of light in thin optical fibers (microfibers) having the radius of the order of 100 nanometers to 1 micron. The fundamental mode propagating along a microfiber has an evanescent field which may be strongly expanded into the external area. Then, the cross-sectional dimensions of the mode and transmission losses are very sensitive to small variations of the microfiber radius. Under certain conditions, a change of just a few nanometers in the microfiber radius can significantly affect its transmission characteristics and, in particular, lead to the transition from the waveguiding to non-waveguiding regime. The second part of the review considers slow propagation of whispering gallery modes in fibers having the radius of the order of 10–100 microns. The propagation of these modes along the fiber axis is so slow that they can be governed by extremely small nanoscale changes of the optical fiber radius. This phenomenon is exploited in SNAP (surface nanoscale axial photonics), a new platform for fabrication of miniature super-low-loss photonic integrated circuits with unprecedented sub-angstrom precision. The SNAP theory and applications are overviewed. The third part of this review describes methods of characterization of the radius variation of microfibers and regular optical fibers with sub-nanometer precision.
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Carmo, J. P., e J. E. Ribeiro. "Optical Fibers on Medical Instrumentation". International Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Engineering 2, n. 2 (luglio 2013): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbce.2013070103.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper provides a revision with the state-of-the-art related to the use of optical fiber sensors on medical instrumentation. Two types of optical fiber sensors are the focus of review: conventional optical fibers for communications and fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs).
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Watanabe, Nobuyuki, e Kozo Taguchi. "Theoretical Investigation of an Optical Vibration Using Laser Beams from Optical Fibers Inserted at an Angle of 35 Degrees". Key Engineering Materials 523-524 (novembre 2012): 1059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.523-524.1059.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Optical trapping is a technique that is used to capture, translate, and manipulate microscopic particles, such as dielectric microspheres and cells. This cell manipulation and examination technology can be integrated on a Lab-on-a-Chip device. We have already developed an optically vibration system. The optical vibration system was formed using a temperature stabilized 1480nm cw diode laser. The output of laser light was coupled into optical fibers, which had optical connectors at these fiber ends. The fiber end had a hemispherical micro-lens with 5μm radius of curvature for focusing the laser beam emerging from the optical fiber end. These trapping fibers were attached to xyz manipulators and were inserted into a sample cell at an angle of 35 degrees. The trapped microsphere, 10μm diameter polystyrene particle (refractive index 1.59), could be optically vibrated by controlling laser power emerging from optical fibers. We theoretically analyzed the optical forces exerted on a microsphere by laser beams. Its operating principle is based upon the conservation of photon momentum carried by the incident laser light on a trapped microsphere. From these theoretical results, we verified that our proposed optical manipulation technique was useful for the manipulation of biological cells.
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Liu, Zhengyong, Zhi Zhang, Hwa-Yaw Tam e Xiaoming Tao. "Multifunctional Smart Optical Fibers: Materials, Fabrication, and Sensing Applications". Photonics 6, n. 2 (6 maggio 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6020048.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents a review of the development of optical fibers made of multiple materials, particularly including silica glass, soft glass, polymers, hydrogels, biomaterials, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and Polyperfluoro-Butenylvinyleth (CYTOP). The properties of the materials are discussed according to their various applications. Typical fabrication techniques for specialty optical fibers based on these materials are introduced, which are mainly focused on extrusion, drilling, and stacking methods depending on the materials’ thermal properties. Microstructures render multiple functions of optical fibers and bring more flexibility in fiber design and device fabrication. In particular, micro-structured optical fibers made from different types of materials are reviewed. The sensing capability of optical fibers enables smart monitoring. Widely used techniques to develop fiber sensors, i.e., fiber Bragg grating and interferometry, are discussed in terms of sensing principles and fabrication methods. Lastly, sensing applications in oil/gas, optofluidics, and particularly healthcare monitoring using specialty optical fibers are demonstrated. In comparison with conventional silica-glass single-mode fiber, state-of-the-art specialty optical fibers provide promising prospects in sensing applications due to flexible choices in materials and microstructures.
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Pang, Yuli, Xu Lu, Xin Zhang, Ziheng Miao, Min Sun, Guowu Tang, Jialong Li et al. "Recent Advances in Fabrication and Applications of Yttrium Aluminum Garnet-Based Optical Fiber: A Review". Materials 17, n. 14 (11 luglio 2024): 3426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17143426.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)-based optical fiber is one of the research hotspots in the field of fiber lasers due to its combined advantages of a wide doping range of rare earth ions and the high mechanical strength of YAG material, as well as the flexibility and small size of the fiber structure. YAG-based optical fibers and related laser devices can be used in communication, sensing, medicine, etc. A comprehensive review of YAG-based optical fibers is provided in this paper. Firstly, the fabrication processes of YAG-based optical fibers are summarized and the structure and properties of fibers are classified and compared. Secondly, according to the optical wavelength regions, rare earth-doped YAG-based optical fibers for the applications of single-frequency and mode-locked fiber lasers are summarized. Lastly, the development challenges in both the fabrication and applications of YAG-based optical fibers are discussed.
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Irving, M., J. Maylie, N. L. Sizto e W. K. Chandler. "Intrinsic optical and passive electrical properties of cut frog twitch fibers." Journal of General Physiology 89, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1987): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.89.1.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article describes a new apparatus for making simultaneous optical measurements on single muscle fibers at three different wavelengths and two planes of linear polarization. There are two modes of operation: mode 1 measures the individual absorbances of light linearly polarized along and perpendicular to the fiber axis, and mode 2 measures retardation (or birefringence) and the average of the two absorbance components. Although some intact frog twitch fibers were studied, most experiments used cut fibers (Hille, B., and D. T. Campbell. 1976. Journal of General Physiology. 67:265-293) mounted in a double-Vaseline-gap chamber (Kovacs, L., E. Rios, and M. F. Schneider. 1983. Journal of Physiology. 343:161-196). The end-pool segments were usually exposed for 2 min to 0.01% saponin. This procedure, used in subsequent experiments to make the external membranes in the end pools permeable to Ca indicators (Maylie, J., M. Irving, N. L. Sizto, G. Boyarsky, and W. K. Chandler. 1987. Journal of General Physiology. 89:145-176; Maylie, J., M. Irving, N. L. Sizto, and W. K. Chandler. 1987. Journal of General Physiology. 89:41-143), was routinely employed so that all our cut fiber results would be comparable. A simple method, which does not require microelectrodes, allowed continual estimation of a fiber's membrane (rm) and internal longitudinal (ri) resistances as well as the external resistance (re) under the Vaseline seals. The values of rm and ri obtained from cut fibers with this method agree reasonably well with values obtained from intact fibers using microelectrode techniques. Optical measurements were made on resting and action potential-stimulated fibers. The intrinsic fiber absorbance, defined operationally as log10 of the ratio of incident light to transmitted light intensity, was similar in intact and cut preparations, as were the changes that accompanied stimulation. On the other hand, the resting birefringence and the peak of the active change in cut fibers were, respectively, only 0.8 and 0.7 times the corresponding values in intact fibers. Both the amplitude and the half-width of the active retardation signal increased considerably during the time course of cut fiber experiments; a twofold increase in 2 h was not unusual. Such changes are probably due to a progressive alteration in the internal state of the cut fibers.
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Niedźwiedź, Malwina Julita, Małgorzata Gil, Mateusz Gargol, Wiesław Marian Podkościelny e Paweł Mergo. "Determination of the optimal extrusion temperature of the PMMA optical fibers". Photonics Letters of Poland 11, n. 1 (3 aprile 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.889.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this work was to determine optimal extrusion temperature for polymer optical fibers. For preliminary studies poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) granulate was used. Samples of commercially available PMMA were subjected to four different temperatures in which were kept in oven for three different period of time. To examine the changes in the chemical structure of the polymer, an ATR-FT-IR (Attenuation Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) was chosen. Full Text: PDF ReferencesK. Peters, "Polymer optical fiber sensors—a review", Smart Mater. Struct. 20, 013002 (2011) CrossRef O. Ziemann, J. Krauser, P.E. Zamzow, W. Daum, "POF Polymer Optical Fibers for Data Communication" (New York, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002). CrossRef M.A. van Eijkelenborg, M.C.J. Large, A. Argyros, J. Zagari, S. Manos, N.A. Issa, I. Bassett, S. Fleming, R.C. McPhedran, C. Martijn de Sterke, N.A.P. Nicorovici, "Microstructured polymer optical fibre", Opt Express 9, 319 (2001). CrossRef O. Çetinkaya, G. Wojcik, P. Mergo, "Decreasing diameter fluctuation of polymer optical fiber with optimized drawing conditions", Mater Res Express 5, 1 (2018). CrossRef P. Mergo, M. Gil, K. Skorupski, J. Klimek, G. Wójcik, J. Pędzisz, J. Kopec, K. Poruraj, L. Czyzewska, A. Walewski, A. Gorgol, "Low loss poly(methyl methacrylate) useful in polymer optical fibres technology", Phot. Lett. Poland, 5, 170 (2013). CrossRef J. Grdadolnik, "ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy: Its advantages and limitations", Acta Chim Slov. 49, 631 (2002). DirectLink P. Borowski, S. Pasieczna-Patkowska, M. Barczak, K. Pilorz, "Theoretical Determination of the Infrared Spectra of Amorphous Polymers", J Phys Chem A 116, 7424 (2012). CrossRef G. Socrates, "Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies Tables and Charts" Third Edition (Baffins Lane Chichester, John Wiley & Sons Ltd 2001). DirectLink W. Schnabel, Polymer Degradation Principles and Practical Applications (Berlin, Akademie-Verlag 1981). DirectLink
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Wójcik, Grzegorz Michał. "Optimization of silica glass capillary and rods drawing process." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, n. 1 (3 aprile 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i1.891.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Diameter fluctuations of silica glass rods and capillaries, during drawing process have been studied. We investigated an influence of drawing conditions on the quality of capillaries and rods. We fabricated two preforms made from different quality material. Fabricated preforms were used to draw microstructured fibers. Full Text: PDF ReferencesS. Habib et al., "Broadband dispersion compensation of conventional single mode fibers using microstructure optical fibers", Int. J. Lig. Opt. 124, 3851-3855 (2013) CrossRef A. Ziolowicz et al. "Overcoming the capacity crunch: ITU-T G.657.B3 compatible 7-core and 19-core hole-assisted fibers", Proc SPIE 10130, 101300C (2017) CrossRef T.M. Monro et al. "Sensing with microstructured optical fibres", Meas. Sci. Technol. 12, 854-858 (2001) CrossRef G. Statkiewicz-Barabach et al.,"Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature Measurements Using an In-Line Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based on a Two-Mode Highly Birefringent Microstructured Fiber", Sensors 2017, 17, 1648 (2017) CrossRef T. Yoon, M. Bajcsy, "Laser-cooled cesium atoms confined with a magic-wavelength dipole trap inside a hollow-core photonic-bandgap fiber", Phys. Rev. A 99, 023415 (2019) CrossRef A.N. Ghosh et al., "Supercontinuum generation in heavy-metal oxide glass based suspended-core photonic crystal fibers", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 35, 2311-2316 (2018) CrossRef G. Wójcik et al. "Microbending losses in optical fibers with different cross-sections", Proc. SPIE 10830, 108300H (2018) CrossRef F. Xu, Selected topics on optical fiber technology and applications (IntechOpen 2018) CrossRef
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Kang, Seunggu, Hongy Lin, Delbert E. Day e James O. Stoffer. "Optically Transparent Polymethyl Methacrylate Composites made with Glass Fibers of Varying Refractive Index". Journal of Materials Research 12, n. 4 (aprile 1997): 1091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0152.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The dependence of the optical and mechanical properties of optically transparent polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composites on the annealing temperature of BK10 glass fibers was investigated. Annealing was used to modify the refractive index (R.I.) of the glass fiber so that it would more closely match that of PMMA. Annealing increased the refractive index of the fibers and narrowed the distribution of refractive index of the fibers, but lowered their mechanical strength so the mechanical properties of composites reinforced with annealed fibers were not as good as for composites containing as-pulled (chilled) glass fibers. The refractive index of as-pulled 17.1 μm diameter fibers (R.I. = 1.4907) increased to 1.4918 and 1.4948 after annealing at 350 °C to 500 °C for 1 h or 0.5 h, respectively. The refractive index of glass fibers annealed at 400 °C/1 h best matched that of PMMA at 589.3 nm and 25 °C, so the composite reinforced with those fibers had the highest optical transmission. Because annealed glass fibers had a more uniform refractive index than unannealed fibers, the composites made with annealed fibers had a higher optical transmission. The mechanical strength of annealed fiber/PMMA composites decreased as the fiber annealing temperature increased. A composite containing fibers annealed at 450 °C/1 h had a tensile strength 26% lower than that of a composite made with as-pulled fibers, but 73% higher than that for unreinforced PMMA. This decrease was avoided by treating annealed fibers with HF. Composites made with annealed and HF (10 vol. %)-treated (for 30 s) glass fibers had a tensile strength (∼200 MPa) equivalent to that of the composites made with as-pulled fibers. However, as the treatment time in HF increased, the tensile strength of the composites decreased because of a significant reduction in diameter of the glass fiber which reduced the volume percent fiber in the composite.
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Borzycki, Krzysztof, e Tomasz Osuch. "Hollow-Core Optical Fibers for Telecommunications and Data Transmission". Applied Sciences 13, n. 19 (26 settembre 2023): 10699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910699.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Hollow-core optical fibers (HCFs) have unique properties like low latency, negligible optical nonlinearity, wide low-loss spectrum, up to 2100 nm, the ability to carry high power, and potentially lower loss then solid-core single-mode fibers (SMFs). These features make them very promising for communication networks and similar applications. However, this class of fibers is still in development. Current applications are almost exclusively limited to low-latency data links for High-Speed Trading (HST); other uses are in the trial stage now. In this paper, we comprehensively review the progress in the development of HCFs including fiber design, fabrication and parameters (with comparisons to conventional single-mode fibers) and support technologies like splicing and testing. A variety of HCF applications in future telecom networks and systems is analyzed, pointing out their strengths and limitations. Additionally, we review the influence of filler gas and entry of contaminants on HCF attenuation, and propose a new fusion splicing technique, avoiding the destruction of the fiber’s photonic cladding at high temperature.
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MacChesney, John. "Optical Fibers". Scientific American 277, n. 2 (agosto 1997): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0897-96.
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Monerie, M. "Optical Fibers". Physica Scripta T29 (1 gennaio 1989): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1989/t29/041.
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Shen, Lingyu, Chuanxin Teng, Zhuo Wang, Hongyi Bai, Santosh Kumar e Rui Min. "Semiconductor Multimaterial Optical Fibers for Biomedical Applications". Biosensors 12, n. 10 (17 ottobre 2022): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12100882.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Integrated sensors and transmitters of a wide variety of human physiological indicators have recently emerged in the form of multimaterial optical fibers. The methods utilized in the manufacture of optical fibers facilitate the use of a wide range of functional elements in microscale optical fibers with an extensive variety of structures. This article presents an overview and review of semiconductor multimaterial optical fibers, their fabrication and postprocessing techniques, different geometries, and integration in devices that can be further utilized in biomedical applications. Semiconductor optical fiber sensors and fiber lasers for body temperature regulation, in vivo detection, volatile organic compound detection, and medical surgery will be discussed.
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Petukhova, Aleksandra Y., Yuri A. Konin e Anatolii Victorovich Perminov. "Obtaining a Scattering Structure by the Method of Optical Breakdown in Special Fibers". Applied photonics 9, n. 1 (9 febbraio 2023): 26–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2411-4367/2022.1.02.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper describes a technique for manufacturing samples of fiber diffusers based on fibers with a gradient refractive index profile and a double cladding. Fiber diffusers can be used in medicine, for example, as sources of input radiation in photodynamic therapy or heat sources in phototherapeutic devices such as dressings or blankets. The paper describes experiments on creating quasi-periodic and non-periodic structures from microdefects inside optical fibers by means of optical breakdown and subsequent melting of the fiber core by a moving plasma spark. On the basis of experimental data, the optimal types of fibers were determined to create diffusers with the required properties. The energy characteristics of the laser diode necessary for writing structures from microdefects were estimated, and the results of measuring the parameters of microdefects were presented.
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Takahara, H., F. Togashi e T. Aragaki. "Ultrasonic sensor using polarization-maintaining optical fiber". Canadian Journal of Physics 66, n. 10 (1 ottobre 1988): 844–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p88-138.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The interaction between an ultrasonic wave and the laser beam transmitted through a polarization-maintaining optical fiber is analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. An ultrasonic sensor using a polarization-maintaining optical fiber is optically simple; it is easily matched to the source and detection optics; and it has better stability than an optical configuration using two optical fibers.
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Liñares-Beiras, Jesús, Xesús Prieto-Blanco, Daniel Balado e Gabriel M. Carral. "Autocompensating Measurement-Device-Independent quantum cryptography in few-mode optical fibers". EPJ Web of Conferences 238 (2020): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023809002.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We present an autocompensating quantum cryptography technique for Measurement-Device-Independent quantum cryptography devices with different kind of optical fiber modes. We center our study on collinear spatial modes in few-mode optical fibers by using both fiber and micro-optical components. We also indicate how the obtained results can be easily extended to polarization modes in monomode optical fibers and spatial codirectional modes in multicore optical fibers.
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M. Hmood, Wasan, e Aqeel R. Salih. "Calculation of Mode Properties for Single-Mode and Multimode Fibers at 633 nm". Ibn AL-Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Sciences 35, n. 4 (20 ottobre 2022): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/35.4.2851.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The need for optical fibers has emerged for their ability to transmit information with less attenuation over long distances. This work studies four optical fibers with core radii from 1 µm to 4.75 µm in steps of 1.25 µm and a numerical aperture of 0.17. furthermore, The mode properties were calculated at a wavelength of 633 nm by using RP Fiber Calculator (free version 2022). Also, the effect of increasing the core radius on the studied properties has been studied. Multimode fibers can be obtained when the radius of the fiber core is large compared with the fiber's operating wavelength, which is less than the cutoff wavelength of the mode. Moreover, single-mode fiber is obtained. It has been concluded that all the calculated properties increase with increasing core radius, and More than half of the power is contained in the core. Finally, Intensity profiles of all modes were illustrated.
26
Dorobantu, Dorel, Alin Jderu, Marius Enachescu e Dominik Ziegler. "Fabrication of Optical Fibers with Multiple Coatings for Swelling-Based Chemical Sensing". Micromachines 12, n. 8 (10 agosto 2021): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080941.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We discuss distributed chemical sensing based on the swelling of coatings of optical fibers. Volume changes in the coating induce strain in the fiber’s glass core, provoking a local change in the refractive index which is detectable by distributed fiber optical sensing techniques. We describe methods to realize different coatings on a single fiber. Simultaneous detection of swelling processes all along the fiber opens the possibility to interrogate thousands of differently functionalized sections on a single fiber. Principal component analysis is used to enable sensors for environmental monitoring, food analysis, agriculture, water quality monitoring, or medical diagnostics.
27
Ma, Jun. "Design and Study of a Novel Regular Decagon Multilayer Photonic Crystal Fiber". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 61 (30 luglio 2023): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v61i.10263.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study introduces a unique regular decagon multilayer photonic crystal fiber and investigates its design and properties. Through extensive utilization of COMSOL Multiphysics optical module, the fiber's optical characteristics were thoroughly examined. The simulation outcomes indicate that, within the wavelength range of 1000-1500 nm, the photonic crystal fiber exhibits an effective mode field area ranging from 2.33*10-11 to 2.55*10-11 m2, a nonlinear coefficient between 4.96*10-3 and 8.08*10-3 s³/(kg·m³), a dispersion spanning from 1.46 to 1.54, and a loss varying from 3.76*10-3 to 1.29*10-2. This research presents novel approaches and concepts for the calculation, optimization, and design of photonic crystal fibers, ultimately fostering advancements in optical communication, optical sensing, and related domains. Furthermore, it bears significant implications for the practical implementation of innovative photonic crystal fibers in optical sensing and detection applications.
28
Kasik, I., O. Podrazky, J. Mrazek, J. Cajzl, J. Aubrecht, J. Probostova, P. Peterka, P. Honzatko e A. Dhar. "Erbium and Al2O3 nanocrystals-doped silica optical fibers". Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 62, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2014): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2014-0070.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Fibre lasers and inherently rare-earth-doped optical fibers nowadays pass through a new period of their progress aiming at high efficiency of systems and their high power. In this paper, we deal with the preparation of silica fibers doped with erbium and Al2O3 nanocrystals and the characterization of their optical properties. The fibers were prepared by the extended Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition (MCVD) method from starting chlorides or oxide nanopowders. Conventional as well as modified approaches led to a nanocrystalline mullite phase formation in the fiber cores in which erbium is dissolved. The proposed modified approach based on starting nanopowders led to improved geometry of preforms and fibers and consequently to the improvement of their background attenuation. Such nanocrystal -doped fibers can be used for ASE sources. Further improvement of fiber optical properties can be expected.
29
Jia, Yan Fei, e Li Quan Zhao. "Design and Implementation of Optical Fiber Line Auto Switch Protection for Power System". Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (dicembre 2012): 949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.949.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To overcome the problem that the artificial scheduling can not deal with optical fiber switching in time when optical fiber is broken or damage in power system, we designed an optical fiber line auto switch protection system. The system used six 4x4 optical switches to compose an optical switch array that eight working fibers can share four alternate fibers. Comparing with other system, the new system more effectively utilizes alternate fibers, and is more suitable for practical power system. It used single chip microcomputer as control chip of optical switch, when the received optical power is lower than predefined threshold, the control chip will control the optical switch to alternate fiber line in time to ensure the real time and reliability of optical fiber communication. In the same time, the new system can communicate with host computer to alarm, display fault optical fiber line and remote control, and be controlled by button to realize the manual switch of optical fiber line.
30
Cherpak, Pavel, Renat Shaidullin e Oleg Ryabushkin. "Dependence of optical attenuation on radiation wavelength and waveguide geometry in copper-coated optical fibers". EPJ Web of Conferences 238 (2020): 11013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023811013.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We demonstrate a novel approach to the determination of optical loss coefficients in metal-coated fibers in a 0.4-1.9 μm wavelength range. It is based on measuring the change of temperature-dependent electrical resistance of the metal coating caused by laser radiation transmitted through the fiber. A number of single-mode and multimode metallized fibers were investigated using several laser sources operating in visible and near infrared ranges. The spectral dependencies of optical losses of copper-coated fibers were experimentally obtained. The region that corresponds to the minimum optical losses is located near 1 μm wavelength. The increase of radiation losses in 1.5-1.9 μm region is much steeper compared to polymer-coated fibers.
31
Sherburne, Michael, Cameron Harjes, Benjamin Klitsner, Jonathan Gigax, Sergei Ivanov, Edl Schamiloglu e Jane Lehr. "Rapid Prototyping for Nanoparticle-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensors". Sensors 24, n. 12 (7 giugno 2024): 3707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24123707.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The advent of nanotechnology has motivated a revolution in the development of miniaturized sensors. Such sensors can be used for radiation detection, temperature sensing, radio-frequency sensing, strain sensing, and more. At the nanoscale, integrating the materials of interest into sensing platforms can be a common issue. One promising platform is photonic crystal fibers, which can draw in optically sensitive nanoparticles or have its optical properties changed by specialized nanomaterials. However, testing these sensors at scale is limited by the the need for specialized equipment to integrate these photonic crystal fibers into optical fiber systems. Having a method to enable rapid prototyping of new nanoparticle-based sensors in photonic crystal fibers would open up the field to a wider range of laboratories that could not have initially studied these materials in such a way before. This manuscript discusses the improved processes for cleaving, drawing, and rapidly integrating nanoparticle-based photonic crystal fibers into optical system setups. The method proposed in this manuscript achieved the following innovations: cleaving at a quality needed for nanoparticle integration could be done more reliably (≈100% acceptable cleaving yield versus ≈50% conventionally), nanoparticles could be drawn at scale through photonic crystal fibers in a safe manner (a method to draw multiple photonic crystal fibers at scale versus one fiber at a time), and the new photonic crystal fiber mount was able to be finely adjusted when increasing the optical coupling before inserting it into an optical system (before, expensive fusion splicing was the only other method).
32
Farid, Niveen, Hatem Hussein e Mohamed El-Bahrawi. "Studying of Optical Fiber Strain Using Speckle Pattern Correlation". International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 19 (ottobre 2015): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.19.10.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present work discusses the optical fiber strain induced by the thermal and the mechanical effects. Two different optical fibers of different core diameters were used in the study. The thermal effect was induced by temperature control system in order to raise optical fibers temperatures to controlled values. The mechanical stress was induced on the optical fibers by a micro mechanical stage. The sensitivity of the optical fibers to both effects was studied by speckle pattern correlation in which the speckles are recorded at each disturbance and analyzed. By tracing the recorded speckles , x and y displacements could be measured and the strain could be determined in two dimensions. Power attenuation in each fiber was studied in each case as well. Both speckle correlation and power attenuation techniques used in the study showed similar indication on the sensitivity of the optical fibers to the external disturbers.
33
Chen, Zeyao. "Daylighting Performance of Sunlight Transmission and Concentration via Plastic Optical Fibers". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2386, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2022): 012084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2386/1/012084.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The energy-saving technology of this thing is thriving. One of promising technology is the daylighting system via optical plastic fibers. It has many advantages, and its characteristics need further research. This paper analyses the transmission characteristics, attenuation rate, and incident angle of the optical fiber. The test data shows that the spectrum, color rendering index are good, and the energy efficiency is high. This shows that plastic optical fibres have excellent development prospects for daylighting.
34
Bartelt, Hartmut. "Trends in Bragg Grating Technology for Optical Fiber Sensor Applications". Key Engineering Materials 437 (maggio 2010): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.437.304.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Fiber Bragg gratings have found widespread and successful applications in optical sensor systems, e. g. for temperature, strain or refractive index measurements. Such sensor elements are fiber integrated, are applicable under harsh environmental conditions, and can be easily multiplexed. In order to further extend the field of applications, there is a great interest in specifically adapted Bragg gratings, in Bragg grating structures with increased stability, or in the use of special fiber types for grating inscription. The paper discusses such specific concepts for grating inscription, covers novel aspects of fiber gratings in small diameter fibers or in fiber tapers, of gratings in pure silica fibers without UV sensitivity, of grating inscription in different microstructured fibers or photonic crystal fibers, and investigates the concept of femtosecond inscription and the extension of the Bragg reflection wavelengths down to the visible range.
35
Stajanca, Pavol, Konstantin Hicke e Katerina Krebber. "Distributed Fiberoptic Sensor for Simultaneous Humidity and Temperature Monitoring Based on Polyimide-Coated Optical Fibers". Sensors 19, n. 23 (30 novembre 2019): 5279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19235279.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Along temperature, humidity is one of the principal environmental factors that plays an important role in various application areas. Presented work investigates possibility of distributed fiberoptic humidity monitoring based on humidity-induced strain measurement in polyimide (PI)-coated optical fibers. Characterization of relative humidity (RH) and temperature response of four different commercial PI- and one acrylate-coated fiber was performed using optical backscattering reflectometry (OBR). The study addresses issues of temperature-humidity cross-sensitivity, fiber response stability, repeatability, and the influence of annealing. Acrylate-coated fiber exhibited rather unfavorable nonlinear RH response with strong temperature dependence, which makes it unsuitable for humidity sensing applications. On the other hand, humidity response of PI-coated fibers showed good linearity with fiber sensitivity slightly decreasing at rising temperatures. In the tested range, temperature sensitivity of the fibers remained humidity independent. Thermal annealing was shown to considerably improve and stabilize fiber RH response. Based on performed analysis, a 20 m sensor using the optimal PI-coated fibers was proposed and constructed. The sensor uses dual sensing fiber configuration for mutual decoupling and simultaneous measurement of temperature and RH variations. Using OBR, distributed dual temperature-RH monitoring with cm spatial resolution was demonstrated for the first time.
36
Tian, Heng, Ji Hui Wang, Yun Dong Ji, Xu Feng Hao, Yan Zi Yin e Jiu Xiao Sun. "The Effect of Different Optical Fibers on the Tensile Property of CFRPs". Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (agosto 2011): 884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.884.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper mainly investigates the effect of embedded optical fibers on the tensile prosperities of carbon fiber reinforced polymer-matrix composites (CFRPs). Different optical fibers are considered. The results show all the specimens are declining. And Optical Fiber (OF) with 245μm exhibit about 23.5% reduction.
37
Esfahani Monfared, Yashar. "Overview of Recent Advances in the Design of Plasmonic Fiber-Optic Biosensors". Biosensors 10, n. 7 (9 luglio 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10070077.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Plasmonic fiber-optic biosensors combine the flexibility and compactness of optical fibers and high sensitivity of nanomaterials to their surrounding medium, to detect biological species such as cells, proteins, and DNA. Due to their small size, accuracy, low cost, and possibility of remote and distributed sensing, plasmonic fiber-optic biosensors are promising alternatives to traditional methods for biomolecule detection, and can result in significant advances in clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, food process control, disease, and environmental monitoring. In this review article, we overview the key plasmonic fiber-optic biosensing design concepts, including geometries based on conventional optical fibers like unclad, side-polished, tapered, and U-shaped fiber designs, and geometries based on specialty optical fibers, such as photonic crystal fibers and tilted fiber Bragg gratings. The review will be of benefit to both engineers in the field of optical fiber technology and scientists in the fields of biosensing.
38
Mazullah Karimi. "Examination of the Implementation and Utilization of Optical Fibers Beams: A Review". International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 8, n. 1 (16 febbraio 2021): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.8.1.22.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For light propagation purposes, the optical fibers that are known as waveguides can be applied. A glass or plastic film called cladding covers the central portion of the optical fiber, and is distinguished by a refractive index that is lower relative to the main refractive index. For the fine confines of the light inside the waveguide, the overall internal reflection phenomena are necessary. It is possible to categorize optical fibers according to shape, number of modes, refractive index profile, dispersion, signal processing power, and polarization. We are concentrating on the first three typical forms of optical fibers in this article. This may be used in fiber beams as a typical application of fibers to generate and intensify a small, powerful beam of coherent and monochromatic light. Optical fiber processing requires three steps, such as the development of performs. The process of adjusted chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) is a recognized technique that can be used to manufacture optical fibers. Optical fiber sensors are well known in optics and photonics for their large variety of applications. Optical biosensors can be developed as a sensing application focused on refractive index changes that are commonly utilized for the identification of biomolecules in their natural forms.
39
Ma, Zelin, e Siddharth Ramachandran. "Propagation stability in optical fibers: role of path memory and angular momentum". Nanophotonics 10, n. 1 (21 ottobre 2020): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0404.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractWith growing interest in the spatial dimension of light, multimode fibers, which support eigenmodes with unique spatial and polarization attributes, have experienced resurgent attention. Exploiting this spatial diversity often requires robust modes during propagation, which, in realistic fibers, experience perturbations such as bends and path redirections. By isolating the effects of different perturbations an optical fiber experiences, we study the fundamental characteristics that distinguish the propagation stability of different spatial modes. Fiber perturbations can be cast in terms of the angular momentum they impart on light. Hence, the angular momentum content of eigenmodes (including their polarization states) plays a crucial role in how different modes are affected by fiber perturbations. We show that, accounting for common fiber-deployment conditions, including the more subtle effect of light’s path memory arising from geometric Pancharatnam–Berry phases, circularly polarized orbital angular momentum modes are the most stable eigenbasis for light propagation in suitably designed fibers. Aided by this stability, we show a controllable, wavelength-agnostic means of tailoring light’s phase due to its geometric phase arising from path memory effects. We expect that these findings will help inform the optimal modal basis to use in the variety of applications that envisage using higher-order modes of optical fibers.
40
Rahman, Saifur, Farman Ali, Fazal Muhammad, Muhammad Irfan, Adam Glowacz, Mohammed Shahed Akond, Ammar Armghan, Salim Nasar Faraj Mursal, Amjad Ali e Fahad Salem Alkahtani. "Analyzing Distributed Vibrating Sensing Technologies in Optical Meshes". Micromachines 13, n. 1 (5 gennaio 2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010085.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Hundreds of kilometers of optical fibers are installed for optical meshes (OMs) to transmit data over long distances. The visualization of these deployed optical fibers is a highlighted issue because the conventional procedure can only measure the optical losses. Thus, this paper presents distributed vibration sensing (DVS) estimation mechanisms to visualize the optical fiber behavior installed for OMs which is not possible by conventional measurements. The proposed technique will detect the power of light inside the optical fiber, as well as different physical parameters such as the phase of transmitted light inside the thread, the frequency of vibration, and optical losses. The applicability of optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) and optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) DVS techniques are validated theoretically for various state detection procedures in optical fibers. The simulation model is investigated in terms of elapsed time, the spectrum of a light signal, frequency, and the impact of many external physical accidents with optical fibers.
41
Dragic, Peter, e John Ballato. "A Brief Review of Specialty Optical Fibers for Brillouin-Scattering-Based Distributed Sensors". Applied Sciences 8, n. 10 (20 ottobre 2018): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101996.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Specialty optical fibers employed in Brillouin-based distributed sensors are briefly reviewed. The optical and acoustic waveguide properties of silicate glass optical fiber first are examined with the goal of constructing a designer Brillouin gain spectrum. Next, materials and their effects on the relevant Brillouin scattering properties are discussed. Finally, optical fiber configurations are reviewed, with attention paid to fibers for discriminative or other enhanced sensing configurations. The goal of this brief review is to reinforce the importance of fiber design to distributed sensor systems, generally, and to inspire new thinking in the use of fibers for this sensing application.
42
Lin, Yuli, e Li-Jang Hwang. "Ni-Coated Optical Fibers by Electroless Plating". Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (agosto 2000): 456–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600034772.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Optical fibers have been extensively employed in a variety of fields. However, the need of high strength, excellent resistance to moisture permeation and tolerance to heat becomes apparent when such optical fibers are used in nuclear power plants and chemical plants in particular. Plastic coatings as conventional made of optical fibers cables would be replaced by the optical fiber coated with a layer of metal.Several techniques have been applied to make a metal coating for the optical fibers. Dipping method, to pass optical fibers through a bath containing metal melt, was found the simplest. This dipping method, however, suffers from a disadvantage of a generation of a microbent due to the differences of the linear expansion between metal and the silica substrate [1]. Moreover, the control of the thickness was found difficult using the dipping method. Chemical vapor deposition was also used to form the metal coating on optical fibers.
43
Drake, Daniel, Rani Sullivan e J. Wilson. "Distributed Strain Sensing from Different Optical Fiber Configurations". Inventions 3, n. 4 (25 settembre 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions3040067.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Strain distributions were obtained from optical fibers arranged in three different configurations on transversely-loaded cantilevered beams. Traditional strain measurement sensors, such as strain gauges, are limited to measuring strain at discrete points on a structural member. However, distributed optical fibers can measure high spatial (<1 mm spacing) strain or temperature distributions. In this study, optical fibers in spiral, grid, and rosette configurations were bonded to aluminum cantilevered beams subjected to tip loads. Strain distributions from optical fiber sensors were measured using a swept wavelength coherent interferometric technique. The optical fiber strain measurements show good agreement with strain gauge measurements. The attributes of each sensor configuration are discussed.
44
Jin, Wen Cheng, Juan Wan, Qing Rong Ding e Chang Dong Zhou. "Smart Structure Based on Continuous Optical Fiber Sensing Technique (Review)". Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (luglio 2011): 4138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4138.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Continuous optical fiber sensing technique has the advantages of continuous measurement, corrosion preventing, anti-electromagnetic interference and high precision. This paper integrates continuous optical fiber into smart structure system. It combines the advantages of continuous optical fibers with self-adapting function of smart structures. It may have wide uses in engineering. But it is developing. It has some key technologies to be solved, such as the manufacture and embedment technique of special optical fibers, optimized arrangements of fibers, smart identification of the signal, analysis processing for enormous data and realization of self-adapting function.
45
Huang, Bin, Jiaqi Wang e Xiaopeng Shao. "Fiber-Based Techniques to Suppress Stimulated Brillouin Scattering". Photonics 10, n. 3 (7 marzo 2023): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030282.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is the major factor that limits the maximum optical fiber output power in narrow linewidth applications, which include important fields such as passive optical networks (PONs), high-power fiber amplifiers, and lasers. Great efforts have been dedicated to suppressing the SBS effect and increasing the maximum optical fiber output power. This paper focuses on key fiber-based techniques to suppress SBS. These techniques take advantages of the properties of optical fibers. We present how these properties (electric modes, acoustic modes, and material properties) could be utilized to suppress SBS. The fiber-based techniques are divided into transverse optical fiber design, longitudinal variant fiber design, and external perturbations (strain and temperature) on optical fibers. Transverse optical fiber design focuses on the mechanism electro-acoustic interaction. Large effective area fiber design and acoustic tailoring techniques have been discussed. Longitudinal variant fiber design considers the nonlinear SBS interaction along propagation distance, and various techniques related have been presented. External perturbations (strain and temperature) on optical fibers emphasize on how external static perturbations could modify the SBS effect.
46
Borzycki, Krzysztof. "Testing of highly doped and photonic crystal optical fibers". Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, n. 3 (26 giugno 2023): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2008.3.889.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper presents optical measurements – spectral loss, OTDR and PMD, temperature cycling and mechanical tests – bending, twist and crush, performed on Yb-doped single mode fibers and small-core photonic crystal fibers (PCF). Several issues related specifically to characterization of such specialty fibers, like measurement errors and artifacts as well as coupling of test instruments to samples are presented. Of particular importance is reliable and low-loss fusion splicing of specialty fibers to standard single mode fibers (SMF), as most commercially available fiber test instruments are fitted with SMF interfaces only.
47
Belardi, Walter, e Pier John Sazio. "Borosilicate Based Hollow-Core Optical Fibers". Fibers 7, n. 8 (11 agosto 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7080073.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We discuss the fabrication of hollow-core optical fibers made of borosilicate glass. We show that, despite the high attenuation of the glass relative to silica, the fiber optical losses can be of the same order of magnitude of those obtained by using ultrapure silica glass. Short lengths of the fabricated fibers, used in combination with incoherent optical sources, provide single-mode optical guidance in both near and mid-infrared spectral ranges without any additional optical components.
48
Savović, Svetislav, Alexandar Djordjevich, Isidora Savović e Rui Min. "Mode Coupling and Steady-State Distribution in Multimode Step-Index Organic Glass-Clad PMMA Fibers". Photonics 9, n. 5 (27 aprile 2022): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9050297.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mode coupling and power diffusion in multimode step-index (SI) organic glass-clad (OGC) PMMA fiber is examined in this study using the power flow equation (PFE). Using our previously proposed approach we determine the coupling coefficient D for this fiber. When compared to standard multimode SI PMMA fibers, the multimode SI OGC PMMA fiber has similar mode coupling strength. As a result, the fiber length required to achieve the steady-state distribution (SSD) in SI OGC PMMA fibers is similar to that required in standard SI PMMA fibers. We have confirmed that optical fibers with a plastic core show more intense mode coupling than those with a glass core, regardless of the cladding material. These findings could be valuable in communication and sensory systems that use multimode SI OGC PMMA fiber. In this work, we have demonstrated a successful employment of our previously proposed method for determination of the coupling coefficient D in multimode SI OGC PMMA fiber. This method has already been successfully employed in the previous research of mode coupling in multimode SI glass optical fibers, SI PMMA fibers and SI plastic-clad silica optical fibers.
49
Borzycki, Krzysztof. "Influence of temperature and aging on polarization mode dispersion of tight-buffered optical fibers and cables". Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, n. 3 (30 settembre 2005): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2005.3.319.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper presents results of laboratory tests investigating influence of temperature on polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in variety of single mode optical fibers and cables. Research was focused primarily on tight-buffered fibers, where most pronounced effects resulting from buffer shrinkage or expansion were expected. The goal was to verify performance of optical fiber cable exposed to extreme temperatures and to compare behavior of different cables. Very strong temperature dependence of PMD was detected in standard single mode fibers with 0.9 mm tight buffer, commonly used in indoor cables, and in complete cable with such fiber. However, both nonzero dispersion-shifted fibers, spun during drawing and optical unit used in optical ground wire (OPGW), where 12 fibers are stranded showed good stability of PMD during thermal cycling. The same optical unit extracted from OPGW exhibited excellent PMD stability also during accelerated life test.
50
Ha, Woosung, Yoonseob Jeong e Kyunghwan Oh. "Fiber fuse effect in hollow optical fibers". Optics Letters 36, n. 9 (20 aprile 2011): 1536. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.001536.
Testo completo