Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "OPmga"

ABSTRACT The expression of tripartite multidrug efflux pumps such as MexA-MexB-OprM in Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to intrinsic resistance to a wide variety of antimicrobials, including β-lactams, chloramphenicol, macrolides, quinolones, and tetracycline. The MexX-MexY linker-pump combination has been shown to be involved in intrinsic resistance to aminoglycosides, but the identity of the cognate outer membrane channel component remains under debate. Fourteen uncharacterized OprM homologs identified in the genome of P. aeruginosa were examined as candidates for this role by assessing the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of aminoglycosides in P. aeruginosa strain PAK knockout mutants lacking the corresponding genes. Insertional inactivation of OpmG, OpmI, and OpmH resulted in decreases of various degrees in the MICs of streptomycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin. When reintroduced into P. aeruginosa on multicopy plasmids, OpmG was able to complement the susceptibility of an opmG::miniTn5 mutant; however, cloned opmH, the proposed ortholog of Escherichia coli tolC according to our phylogenetic analysis, was able to only partially complement the opmH::miniTn5 mutant. Mini-microarray hybridization analysis demonstrated that opmG disruption does not affect expression of OpmI or OpmH (ruling out such indirect effects on aminoglycoside resistance); however, opmH disruption did have possible effects on expression of OpmG and OpmI. Based on the data, we propose that OpmG is a major outer membrane efflux channel involved in aminoglycoside efflux in P. aeruginosa PAK and that OpmI, its most related paralog, may share an overlapping function.

The phenomenon of ‘older people migrating along’ (OPMA) with adult children is a unique outcome of social changes that have occurred in China. These individuals generally experience different challenges and needs associated with mental wellbeing. However, there is limited research on the relationship between the social capital and mental health of OPMA in China. This study aims to examine the mental health status of OPMA and the effects of bonding social capital and bridging social capital on their mental wellbeing in China by conducting a quantitative research survey among 399 OPMA participants. We found that bonding social capital correlated to only one indicator of mental wellbeing, subjective happiness. Bridging social capital had significant relationships with four mental health indicators, namely, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), subjective happiness, and life satisfaction. Through strengthening bridging social capital, these older adults can benefit from more opportunities for participation in formal or informal organizations in their communities and improve their mental wellbeing.

Parameter learning of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Rule-Based Systems (IFRBSs) is discussed and applied to medical diagnosis with intent of establishing a sound tradeoff between interpretability and accuracy. This study aims to improve the accuracy of IFRBSs without sacrificing its interpretability. This paper proposes an Objective Programming Method with an Interpretability-Accuracy tradeoff (OPMIA) to learn the parameters of IFRBSs by tuning the types of membership and non-membership functions and by adjusting adaptive factors and rule weights. The proposed method has been validated in the context of a medical diagnosis problem and a well-known publicly available auto-mpg data set. Furthermore, the proposed method is compared to Objective Programming Method not considering the interpretability (OPMNI) and Objective Programming Method based on Similarity Measure (OPMSM). The OPMIA helps achieve a sound a tradeoff between accuracy and interpretability and demonstrates its advantages over the other two methods.

We herein report the synthesis and block copolymerization via AROP of three glycidyl amine species (PiGA; OPGA, and MPGA) with different hydrophobicity. Micelles formed from these block copolymers respond to changes in pH and H₂O₂ concentration.

Bakgrunn: Studenters erfaringer og tilfredshet med studieprogram er parametere som kan brukes til å måle studiekvalitet. Denne studien er den første landsdekkende tverrsnittsundersøkelsen for studenter i intensivsykepleie som kartlegger studentenes tilfredshet. Mangelen på intensivsykepleiere i Norge understreker betydningen av systematisk innsats for å utnytte utdanningskapasiteten og bevare og fremme god studiekvalitet. Hensikt: Hensikten med studien var å kartlegge intensivsykepleiestudentenes tilfredshet med og opplevelse av intensivsykepleiestudiet i en landsdekkende spørreundersøkelse. Metode: Studien er en deskriptiv tverrsnittstudie med spørreskjema. Vi kartla demografiske data, erfaringer med studiet ved hjelp av skjemaet Erfaringer med studiet 26 (EMS26), mulighet for veiledning i praksisstudiene, samt motivasjon for studiet. Et åpent spørsmål ga studentene mulighet til å gi utfyllende informasjon om sin studiesituasjon. Det ble gjort deskriptive analyser og innholdsanalyse av fritekstkommentarer. Resultat: Det var en svarprosent på 35.3 (n=152). Studentene ble bedt om å svare på påstander på en Likertskala fra 1 til 5 (1=svært uenig og 5=svært enig). Respondentene oppga høy arbeidsbyrde i utdanningen, dette ble bekreftet både i svarene på EMS26 (gjennomsnitt på 2.3 og standard avvik (SA) 0.53) og i fritekstkommentarene fra studentene. Studentene oppga videre å være tilfreds med de faglige utfordringene de møter i praksisstudiene (gjennomsnitt 4.1 og SA 0.99). Studentenes gjennomsnittsskår på EMS26 var 3,1 (SA 0.40). Konklusjon: Studien viser at studentene er godt tilfreds med praksisstudiene. Samtidig rapporterer de om varierende veiledningsmuligheter i praksisstudiene. Intensivsykepleierstudentene oppgir å være mest fornøyd med dimensjonene vurderingsformer og generelle ferdigheter. De er minst fornøyde med dimensjonene som omhandler arbeidsbyrden og studentautonomi. Studentenes erfaringer er nyttige i videreutviklingen av studieprogrammene og gir et øyeblikksbilde av situasjonen nasjonalt. Resultatene har nytteverdi for sammenligning over tid. EMS26 er også nyttig for kartlegging av tilfredshet i utdanning innenfor andre sykepleiespesialiteter.

Bakgrunn: Bruk av nevromuskulær blokade er en integrert del av dagens anestesipraksis, og risiko for restcurarisering er til stede. Dette kan medføre postoperative lungekomplikasjoner. «Norsk standard for anestesi» gjør monitorering av nevromuskulær blokade obligatorisk. Studier har vist varierende kunnskap om og bruk av nevromuskulær monitorering og reverserende medikamenter blant anestesipersonell. Problemstilling: Hvordan vurderer og praktiserer anestesipersonell bruk av nevromuskulær monitorering og reversering av nevromuskulær blokade? Metode: Metoden er en tverrsnittstudie gjennomført som en nettbasert spørreundersøkelse blant anestesipersonell. Spørreskjemaet ble utviklet av en prosjektgruppe bestående av masterstudenter, vitenskapelig ansatte ved en høyskole og anestesileger ved et universitetssykehus. Resultat: Totalt 167 av 500 anestesipersonell gjennomførte hele spørreundersøkelsen, hvorav 108 (64,7 %) var anestesisykepleiere og 59 (35,3 %) var anestesileger. Dette ga oss en svarprosent på 33,4 prosent. De fleste i utvalget oppga at de ikke alltid benyttet objektiv monitorering ved bruk av nevromuskulær blokade. Anestesisykepleiere benyttet nevromuskulær monitorering signifikant oftere enn anestesileger, mens analysene ikke viste signifikant forskjell mellom dem som har jobbet ett til fem år i yrket, og dem som har jobbet lenger. Nesten alle respondentene oppga at de benyttet objektiv nevromuskulær monitorering i vurderingen av om reverserende medikamenter skulle gis. Nevromuskulær monitorering lå til grunn for valg av medikamentene sugammadex eller glykoperron-neostigmin hos 72,5 prosent av respondentene. En av fem valgte alltid enten det ene eller det andre medikamentet, eller de oppga at valg av type medikament var tilfeldig. Konklusjon: Anestesipersonell fulgte ikke alltid anbefalingen om å benytte nevromuskulær overvåkning ved bruk av nevromuskulær blokade. Valg av reverserende medikament synes også noe tilfeldig. Kunnskapen omkring vurdering og bruk av nevromuskulær monitorering må fremmes, slik at anestesipersonellet følger anbefalt praksis. ENGLISH ABSTRACT Monitoring and reversal of neuromuscular blockade in general anesthesia – a cross-sectional survey of anesthesia personnel practice and assessments Background: The use of neuromuscular blocking agents is an integrated part of current anesthesia practice, and the risk of residual curarisation is present. This may lead to postoperative respiratory complications. “The Norwegian standard of anesthesia” makes monitoring of neuromuscular blockade mandatory. Studies have shown varying knowledge about and use of neuromuscular monitoring and muscle relaxant reversal agents among anesthetists. Research question: How do anesthetists assess and practice the use of neuromuscular monitoring and reversal of muscular blocking agents? Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted as a web-based survey among anesthetic personnel. The questionnaire was developed by a project group consisting of master’s degree students, academic staff at a university college, and anesthesiologists at a university hospital Results: A total of 167 out of 500 anesthetic personnel conducted the whole survey, where 108 (64.7%) were nurse anesthetist and 59 (35.3%) were anesthetists. This resulted in 33.4 percent response rate. The anesthetic personnel had good knowledge on how to prevent postoperative residual curarisation. Most of the respondents reported that they did not always apply objective monitoring when administering muscular blocking agents. Nurse anesthetists used neuromuscular monitoring significantly more often than anesthetists, while analyses showed no significant difference between those who had worked one to five years in the profession and those who had worked longer. Almost all stated that they used objective TOF monitoring when assessing whether to administerreversal agents. Neuromuscular monitoring was the basis for selection of the drugs sugammadex or glycoperronium-neostigmine in 72.5 percent of the respondents. One fifth always chose either one or the other drug, or that the choice was random. Conclusion: Anesthetic personnel did not always follow the recommendation to use neuromuscular monitoring when administering muscular blocking agents. The choice of reversing agent also seems somewhat random. Knowledge about the assessment and use of neuromuscular monitoring must be promoted so that the anesthesia personnel follow recommended practice.

Due to the fluctuation of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the single snapshot case in the MIMO HF sky-wave radar system, the accuracy of the online estimation of the mutual coupling coefficients matrix of the uniform rectangle array (URA) might be degraded by the classical approach, especially in the case of low SNR. In this paper, an Online Particle Mean-Shift Approach (OPMA) is proposed, which is to get a relatively more effective estimation of the mutual coupling coefficients matrix with the low SNR. Firstly, the spatial smoothing technique combined with the MUSIC algorithm of URA is introduced for the DOA estimation of the multiple targets in the case of single snapshot which are taken as coherent sources. Then, based on the idea of the particle filter, the online particles with a moderate computational complexity are used to generate some different estimation results. Finally, the mean-shift algorithm is applied to get a more robust estimate of the equivalent mutual coupling coefficients matrix. The simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach in terms of the success probability, the statistics of bias, and the variance. The proposed approach is more robust and more accurate than the other two approaches.