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1
Pantke, Karl-Heinz, e Amos Weisz. Locked-In - Trapped in One's Own Body. Independently Published, 2017.
2
Samraj, Adi Da. Direct Examination of the Structure and the Roots of One's Own Body-Mind Provides Immediate Evidence of the Hierarchical Structure of Reality, and (The ""Basket of Tolerance"" Booklet Series). Dawn Horse Press, 2001.
3
de Vignemont, Frédérique. The Narcissistic Body. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0011.
Abstract (sommario):
What is it like to feel one’s body as one’s own? This chapter proposes what may be conceived of as an affective conception, according to which the sense of bodily ownership consists in the awareness of the boundaries of one’s body as having a special significance for the self. This leads to the definition of the phenomenology of ownership as a narcissistic feeling, which arises from the protective frame of reference of bodily experiences, and which should be filed with other affective feelings such as the feeling of familiarity. The chapter then replies to some objections that could be made against the bodyguard hypothesis.
4
Ataria, Yochai, Shogo Tanaka e Shaun Gallagher, a cura di. Body Schema and Body Image. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851721.001.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
Body schema refers to the system of sensory-motor functions that enables control of the position of body parts in space, without conscious awareness of those parts. Body image refers to a conscious representation of the way the body appears—a set of conscious perceptions, affective attitudes, and beliefs pertaining to one’s own bodily image. In 2005, Shaun Gallagher published an influential book entitled ‘How the Body Shapes the Mind’. This book not only defined both body schema (BS) and body image (BI), but also explored the complicated relationship between the two. The book also established the idea that there is a double dissociation, whereby body schema and body image refer to two different, but closely related, systems. Given that many kinds of pathological cases can be described in terms of body schema and body image (phantom limbs, asomatognosia, apraxia, schizophrenia, anorexia, depersonalization, and body dysmorphic disorder, among others), we might expect to find a growing consensus about these concepts and the relevant neural activities connected to these systems. Instead, an examination of the scientific literature reveals continued ambiguity and disagreement. This volume brings together leading experts from the fields of philosophy, neuroscience, psychology, and psychiatry in a lively and productive dialogue. It explores fundamental questions about the relationship between body schema and body image, and addresses ongoing debates about the role of the brain and the role of social and cultural factors in our understanding of embodiment.
5
de Vignemont, Frédérique. The Bodyguard Hypothesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0010.
Abstract (sommario):
How are the sense of ownership and the sense of agency related? Does one need to be able to control one’s body to experience it as one’s own? One may suggest that the sense of bodily ownership is grounded in action-orientated representations of the body. However, this agentive hypothesis cannot explain how one can experience as one’s own a rubber hand that is not under control, while not experiencing as one’s own tools that are under control. The chapter then argues that one needs to distinguish between two kinds of hot body maps: the working body map involved in instrumental actions, and the protective body map involved in self-defence. It is proposed that one experiences as one’s own the body represented in the protective body map, which represents the body that has a special significance for the evolutionary needs of the organism.
6
Stewart, Pamela J., e Andrew Strathern. Religion and Violence from an Anthropological Perspective. A cura di Michael Jerryson, Mark Juergensmeyer e Margo Kitts. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199759996.013.0026.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter reviews a variety of anthropological approaches to religion from the work of Emile Durkheim through the contemporary cognitive theory of mind. It specifically investigates the culturally vast interplay of imagination with divinatory processes that legitimate war, witch-hunting, and revenge, and with cosmic postulates which sanctify the imposition of suffering on others and on oneself. Rituals have an important role in either supporting or opposing violence, whether or not they have explicitly to do with spirit worlds. Durkheim has argued that religion was essentially social and founded on the expression of community values, the images of society itself. Religiously sanctioned or enjoined practices of inflicting harm on one's own body depend on cosmology. Tendencies to violence are counterposed to tendencies to benevolence.
7
Tooley, Michael. Causes, Laws, and Ontology. A cura di Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock e Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0019.
Abstract (sommario):
Different approaches to causation often diverge very significantly on ontological issues, in the case of both causal laws, and causal relations between states of affairs. This article sets out the main alternatives with regard to each. Causal concepts have surely been present from the time that language began, since the vast majority of action verbs involve the idea of causally affecting something. Thus, in the case of transitive verbs describing physical actions, there is the idea of causally affecting something external to one — one finds food, builds a shelter, sows seed, catches fish, and so on — while in the case of intransitive verbs describing physical actions, it is very plausible that they involve the idea of causally affecting one's own body — as one walks, runs, jumps, hunts, and so on.
8
de Vignemont, Frédérique. My Body Among Other Bodies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0008.
Abstract (sommario):
Are there body representations that are interpersonal, and if so, do they erase the distinction between self and others? This chapter will assess the implications of interpersonal body representations not only for social awareness but also for self-awareness. We shall see that in order to respect bodily congruency, imitation and vicarious bodily sensations exploit body representations that qualify as being shared between self and others. But what exactly is involved in such interpersonal representations? This chapter argues that because body representations can be interpersonal, they are impersonal. One may then ask: does one need a specific ‘Whose’ system for distinguishing one’s own body from other bodies, in the same way that it has been suggested that the sense of agency relies on a ‘Who’ system?
9
Connell, Catherine, e Ashley Mears. Bourdieu and the Body. A cura di Thomas Medvetz e Jeffrey J. Sallaz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357192.013.26.
Abstract (sommario):
Chapter abstract The work of Pierre Bourdieu provides a framework to see how class position is written on the body and expressed through classed styles of walking, talking, gesturing, eating, drinking, and so forth. This chapter considers how Bourdieu’s work on the body has informed and advanced empirical research on the body. From Bourdieu’s perspective, each body is the visible product of the composition and volumes of class-specific capitals accrued over the course of a lifetime, and it can be a powerful resource, or liability, depending upon the fit between one’s bodily capital and the field in which one is positioned. In particular, the chapter considers how women’s bodies have signified status for men’s class projects far more than the reverse, one of the many gendered implications of bodily capital and class reproduction.
10
de Vignemont, Frédérique. Over and Above Bodily Sensations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0003.
Abstract (sommario):
At first sight, Martin (1995) provides a promising reductionist account of the first-personal character of bodily ownership in spatial terms: it is sufficient to feel sensations as being located in a part of one’s body to experience this body part as one’s own. There is nothing over and above the location of the sensations. However, Martin’s view fails to account for the following two puzzles. First, one generally experiences no ownership towards tools although one can feel some sensations as being located in them. Secondly, one can experience a sense of disownership towards one’s own limbs despite still feeling sensations in them. What these puzzles reveal is that we should not confuse the feeling of bodily presence and the feeling of bodily ownership: one can be aware of the body as a bounded object in a larger space without being aware of it qua one’s own body
11
de Vignemont, Frédérique. Taxonomies of Body Representations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0009.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter considers the relationship between body representations, action, and bodily experiences. It first clarifies the conceptual landscape of body representations and stresses the conceptual and empirical difficulties that the current body schema/body image taxonomy faces, difficulties that can be explained by their constant interaction but not only. There is indeed a lack of precise understanding of the functional role of the body schema as opposed to the body image. Instead of these unclear notions, the chapter proposes distinguishing different types of body representations on the basis of their direction of fit and of their spatial organization. On the one hand, there is a purely descriptive body map that represents well-segmented categorical body parts, in which one can localize one’s sensations. On the other hand, there is a body map that is both descriptive and directive (i.e. pushmi-pullyu representation), and that encodes structural bodily affordances for action planning and control.
12
Davies, Carole Boyce. Middle Pasages. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038020.003.0006.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter explores the concept of the Middle Passage, which has attained iconic significance in African diaspora discourses. The concept refers to the transportation of numerous Africans across the Atlantic; difficult and pain-filled journeys across ocean space; dismemberment referring to the separation from their families and kin groups; the economic trade and exchange in goods in which Africans were the capital, commodities, or source of exchange and garnering of wealth for others; deterritorialization, the separation from one's own native geography or familiar landmarks, and the parallel disenfranchisement of Africans in new locations; the necessary constitution of new identities in passage and on and after arrival. However, the Middle Passage has also become a historical marker in space and time, for some an aesthetic, for many an evocative body memory in terms of confinement to limited spaces, but absolutely a break between different ways of being in the world.
13
Hogan, Patrick Colm. What Is Sexuality? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190857790.003.0003.
Abstract (sommario):
The second chapter focuses on sexuality. It begins with Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway, a novel that strongly suggests a sort of absoluteness to sexual preference. However derived, Clarissa’s sexual orientation seems impervious to the heterosexual pressures of her society and her own self-conscious wishes. The chapter then turns to a work of amateur pornography from a popular website devoted to body fat fetishism. Rather than intellectualizing sexuality, the author of this work tries to provoke sexual response. The result is a greater challenge to the ideas of those of us who have been nurtured on Woolf and Joyce rather than pornography. Specifically, the story suggests that elicitors of sexual desire may in some cases be at least partially dissociated from sex-related properties. It also points to the importance of one’s relation to one’s own body in sexual desire, a relation that may mirror one’s relation to the body of one’s partner.
14
Müller, Anna. Learning One’s Cell, Learning Oneself. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499860.003.0004.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter is devoted to the process of adapting to cell life in an interrogation prison, the process throughout which the women were learning what their bodies could endure. It centers on how the women were recreating conditions of normalcy while adapting to the space. During even their first moments in prison, when they did not know the space or the capacity of their bodies to function under extreme conditions, women prisoners had to learn how to transform their cells into safe places to regroup and gather strength. Some women used their bodies to achieve social visibility as women. They also used their bodies to liberate themselves from the limitations prescribed by their physicality, for example, through a hunger strike, fasting, or suicide. Throughout this adaptation process, the body was becoming a site of transformation and emancipation from the state of being merely a prisoner.
15
Buhlmann, Ulrike, e Andrea S. Hartmann. Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Body Dysmorphic Disorder. A cura di Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0022.
Abstract (sommario):
According to current cognitive-behavioral models, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a vicious cycle between maladaptive appearance-related thoughts and information-processing biases, as well as maladaptive behaviors and negative emotions such as feelings of shame, disgust, anxiety, and depression. This chapter provides an overview of findings on cognitive characteristics such as dysfunctional beliefs, information-processing biases for threat (e.g., selective attention, interpretation), and implicit associations (e.g., low self-esteem, strong physical attractiveness stereotype, and high importance of attractiveness). The chapter also reviews face recognition abnormalities and emotion recognition deficits and biases (e.g., misinterpreting neutral faces as angry) as well as facial discrimination ability. These studies suggest that BDD is associated with dysfunctional beliefs about one’s own appearance, information-processing biases, emotion recognition deficits and biases, and selective processing of appearance-related information. Future steps to stimulate more research and clinical implications are discussed.
16
de Vignemont, Frédérique. A Multimodal Account of Bodily Experience. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0007.
Abstract (sommario):
What are the implications of pervasive presence of multisensory interactions for bodily awareness? It has been assumed that bodily experiences exclusively result from bodily senses, with no influence from external senses, but vision is actually required to maximize the veridical perception of the body. Consequently, bodily experiences in those who have never seen are of a different kind to the way one normally experiences one’s body. Whether or not one is currently seeing one’s body, vision plays an essential role in delineating the boundaries of the body, in locating our body parts in space and in bridging the gap between what happens on the skin and what happens in the external world. In this sense, the bodily experiences of the sighted (or those who were once sighted) can be said to be constitutively multimodal.
17
Mosalpuria, Kailash, e Sara Bares. Painful Sores All Over My Body. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199938568.003.0017.
Abstract (sommario):
These case studies illustrate infections encountered in hospitals among patients with compromised immune systems. As a result of immunocompromise, the patients are vulnerable to common and uncommon infections. These cases are carefully chosen to reflect the most frequently encountered infections in the patient population, with an emphasis on illustrations and lucid presentations to explain state-of-the-art approaches in diagnosis and treatment. Common and uncommon presentations of infections are presented while the rare ones are not emphasized. The cases are written and edited by clinicians and experts in the field. Each of these cases highlights the immune dysfunction that uniquely predisposed the patient to the specific infection, and the cases deal with infections in the cancer patient, infections in the solid organ transplant recipient, infections in the stem cell recipient, infections in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, and infections in patients with immunocompromise that is caused by miscellaneous conditions.
18
Harper, Kristina, e Hanne Konradsen. Cultural Considerations in Body Image and Cancer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190655617.003.0016.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: This chapter discusses the Western cultural perspective of the body ideal and how cultural norms may influence the body image experiences of patients with cancer. The chapter begins with an overview of the sociocultural standards of appearance embraced in Western society, including the body-ideal shift throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, and how this specifically relates to physical changes that can co-occur with cancer, followed by a broader look at additional facets of Western culture (e.g., consumerism, surgical enhancement, media) that may shape the body image experience and ultimately treatment decisions of cancer patients. Specific research findings are discussed primarily in relation to body image in breast cancer with brief discussion of other cancers that impact one’s appearance. Finally, current interventions for working within the Western cultural framework are discussed, as well as clinical considerations for health care providers working with patients on body image issues in the oncology setting.
19
de Vignemont, Frédérique. Was Descartes right after all? An affective background for bodily awareness. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811930.003.0014.
Abstract (sommario):
Recent accounts of interoception have highlighted its role for self-awareness, but what gives it such a privileged status compared to other sources of information about the body, and is it actually warranted? This chapter first explores the many ways one might understand the notion of interoception, rejecting most definitions that are too liberal. It further focuses on the interoceptive feelings that we spontaneously experience, such as thirst, fatigue, or hunger, highlighting the limits of the attentional notion of interoceptive awareness in use in the experimental literature. Interoceptive feelings inform us about the welfare of the organism as a whole and their spatial principle of organization is holistic. This chapter then assesses the contribution of these feelings for the awareness of one’s body as one’s own. In brief, their role is not to fix the spatial boundaries of the body but rather to provide an affective background to our bodily sensations.
20
Byrne, Alex. Perception and Sensation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821618.003.0006.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter extends the transparent epistemology of belief and knowledge given in Chapter 5, first to perception and then to sensation. It turns out that these two topics are very closely related. According to a widespread view, to have a bodily sensation—a headache, a tickle in one’s throat, an itch on one’s neck—is to perceive something occurring in one’s body. The chapter argues that this perceptual theory of sensation is correct. The epistemology of one’s bodily sensations thus becomes a special case of the epistemology of one’s perceptions, and the basic transparency account for perception applies. As one might expect, there are some complications.
21
Ahlskog, J. Eric. Dementia with Lewy Body and Parkinson's Disease Patients. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199977567.001.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
Patients, spouses, families, and caregivers dealing with dementia face a host of complex issues, particularly when they must confront Dementia with Lewy Bodies or Parkinson's Disease. Until now there has been no guidebook for the general public to help navigate these challenging disorders. In Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson's Disease Dementia, Dr. J. Eric Ahlskog draws on 30 years of clinical and research work at Mayo Clinic to arm patients and families with crucial information that will enable them to work in tandem with their doctors. A diagnosis of dementia can be devastating, leaving families and caregivers struggling with a loved one's radically-impaired thinking and memory. When dementia is coupled with Parkinson's, which will develop in Parkinson's patients that live long enough, or with Lewy Bodies, which is the second leading cause of dementia behind Alzheimer's, the difficulties become even more daunting. And while these disorders are all too common, most people have little solid information about them. Too often doctors cannot spend the necessary time answering questions or discussing the specific challenges and treatments for these kinds of dementia during office visits. Arriving for a doctor appointment knowing the issues and treatment options beforehand gives patients and families an important head start. Dr. Ahlskog clearly explains all aspects of these disorders, their causes, symptoms, most effective drug treatments, proper doses, and which medications to avoid. He also discusses the complications that can arise in treating these conditions, given the variety of available medications and their possible side effects and interactions. While a cure does not yet exist, in this accessible, highly informative guidebook, Dr. Ahlskog shows that optimal medical treatment can markedly improve the quality of life for both patients and family.
22
Chamberlen, Anastasia. Coping with Imprisonment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198749240.003.0006.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter considers how the prisoner copes with the ‘pains of imprisonment’. It suggests that coping in prison relies on practices that engage the prisoner’s body in a paradoxical manner. Coping, it is argued, entails acting for and against one’s own body. To demonstrate this, the chapter considers various coping strategies that, at the same time as they are self-distracting, are arguably also self-destructing or further generate emotional turmoil. Such self-harming strategies include prisoners’ attitudes towards eating, drug use, and often also their healthcare routines. Less harmful yet arguably equally isolating strategies are also considered in relation to practices of bodily care in prison.
23
Gaukroger, Stephen. Phantom Limbs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190490447.003.0014.
Abstract (sommario):
Phantom limbs pose a philosophical problem about the location of pains. The work of Descartes first used them to make a philosophical point about the brain in relation to the body. They have traditionally been thought of as being due to nerve endings on the pathway to the original limb being activated. However, it was subsequently discovered that the phenomenon occurs even when the spinal chord is severed, suggesting that it is rather a question of brain activity, part of a neurosignature through which the brain indicates the body is one’s own. More recent resarch suggests involvement not only of the sensory systems but also the parietal cortex and the limbic system, which is concerned with emotion and motivation.
24
Wolterstorff, Nicholas. On bended knee. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805380.003.0005.
Abstract (sommario):
In Platonic spirituality, people leave behind corporeal concerns and ascend to contemplation of The One or The Good; in Christianity, people assemble on foot or in wheelchairs to worship God with their body. The main argument of this chapter is that the best way to understand what it is to worship God with one’s body is to borrow from speech-act theory the idea of one act counting as another: my act of kneeling at this point in the liturgy counts as my act of humbling myself before God. The two acts are, as it were fused: body and mind together. After some discussion of the good achieved by worshipping God with our bodies and minds fused rather than with our minds alone, the chapter concludes with some speculations as to why the body is considerably more important in Orthodox liturgical enactments than it is, say, in traditional Reformed-Presbyterian enactments.
25
Kartomi, Margaret. Four Sufi Muslim Genres in Minangkabau. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036712.003.0005.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter examines four genres of Muslim-associated performing arts in Minangkabau: indang, salawek dulang, dikia Mauluik, and dabuih. Indang is a song-dance performed by a row of men or women in duduak (“sitting,” actually half-kneeling) position with rhythmic body movement, clapping, and frame-drum playing. Salawek dulang is performed by a pair of alternating male solo singers, each of whom accompany themselves on a brass percussion tray (dulang). Dikia Mauluik is a group vocal-instrumental form with mostly Sufi-oriented Muslim song texts based on dikia texts that are sung with body exercises and frame-drum accompaniment in the month of the Prophet's birth. Dabuihis a ritual form involving acts of self-harm as a demonstration of one's faith and physical invulnerability from pain (and sometimes in the colonial era in Aceh, readiness for battle). The chapter first considers the early history of Minangkabau Islam before discussing the styles, content, and history of eachof the four musical genres.
26
Baron, Jaimie, Jennifer Fleeger e Shannon Wong Lerner, a cura di. Media Ventriloquism. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197563625.001.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
Media Ventriloquism repurposes the term “ventriloquism,” which has traditionally referred to the act of throwing one’s voice into an object that appears to speak, to reflect our complex vocal relationship with media technologies. Indeed, media technologies have the potential to separate voice from body and to constitute new relationships between them that could scarcely have been imagined before such technologies’ invention and mass circulation. Radio, cinema, television, video games, digital technologies, and other media have each fundamentally transformed the relationship between voice and body in myriad and often unexpected ways. This volume interrogates the categorical definitions of voice and body as they operate within mediated environments, exploring the experiences of ventriloquism facilitated by media technologies and theorizing some of the political and ethical implications of separating bodies from voices. It builds in particular on Steven Connor’s notion of the vocalic body, which he coined to identify an imaginary body that is created and maintained primarily through voice. In modifying Connor’s term to theorize the “technovocalic body,” the study focuses on cases in which the relationship between voice and body has been modified specifically by media technologies. The chapters in this collection demonstrate not only how particular bodies and voices have been (mis)represented through media ventriloquism but also how marginalized groups—racialized, gendered, queered, etc.—have used media ventriloquism to claim their agency and power.
27
de Vignemont, Frédérique. The Immunity of the Sense of Ownership. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198735885.003.0004.
Abstract (sommario):
Are bodily self-ascriptions immune to error through misidentification (IEM)? It is classically assumed that I can be wrong about whose legs are crossed when I have access to them through vision, but not through proprioception. Although the epistemic difference between vision and proprioception is intuitive, one may question its generality. Judgements of ownership that are grounded on bodily sensations can indeed be incorrect, whereas the body can be visually presented in such a way that it can be only one’s own body. This chapter will reconsider which experiences can ground bodily judgements that manifest IEM. This will help us analysing the relationship between the phenomenological phenomenon of bodily ownership and the epistemic phenomenon of IEM. The chapter will argue that it is important to keep the two phenomena apart: one should not conceive of feelings of ownership as the phenomenological counterpart of bodily IEM.
28
Hombach, Bodo, e Eckhard Nagel, a cura di. Das Leben vom Ende her denken. Tectum – ein Verlag in der Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783828878853.
Abstract (sommario):
This book takes a look at our dying and how today's palliative medicine can accompany each and every individual in this process. Medical-practical perspectives are taken, but also ethical, cultural-scientific and personal views are presented. It is about our fears as affected persons as well as relatives, about the preservation of dignity and self-determination at the end of life, about hopes and, using the example of the Ruhr area, about the questions that our cultural background raises in this stage of life. This should make it possible to find one's own viewpoints on existence and life, to consider existing perspectives and to find one's own approach to writing a living will, to establishing a power of attorney for care or to palliative care in general. With contributions by Theodor Baars, Ferya Banaz-Yaşar, Christina Berndt, Anja Bröker, Ali Canbay, Marti Faber, Markus Gabriel, Ulrich Harbecke, Bodo Hombach, Stefan Huster, Birgit Jaspers, Marianne Kloke, Michael Krons, Reinhold Messner, Eckhard Nagel, Jeanne Nicklas-Faust, Franz-Josef Overbeck, Marta Przyborek, Lukas Radbruch, Traugott Roser, Ulla Schmidt, Ute Schwarzwald, Nicole Selbach, Thomas Sitte und Christiane Woopen.
29
Lippert-Rasmussen, Kasper. The Self-Ownership Trilemma, Extended Minds, and Neurointerventions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758617.003.0008.
Abstract (sommario):
Many believe that, ceteris paribus, neurointerventions on convicted criminals that render reoffending less likely are morally more problematic than comparable indirect interventions, such as compulsory attendance at anger management classes. One justification for this view appeals to the putative fact that persons have moral ownership over themselves—their bodies and minds—and that neurointerventions violate or infringe this right. Suppose, however, that the mind is extended outside the skull and spreads into the external world. Because the most important object one owns, inasmuch as one owns oneself, is one’s mind and because claims to original ownership over things outside one’s body are much less plausible than the self-ownership thesis, the extended mind thesis weakens the attraction of the latter thesis. Because the extended mind thesis is true, self-ownership-based arguments for the relevant moral asymmetry are not sound. Admittedly, there are objections to neurointerventions not based on self-ownership, but these are less attractive, often based on contingent empirical facts, and, in some cases, might also be weakened by the extended mind thesis.
30
Kiesewetter, Benjamin. Rationality as Responding Correctly to Reasons. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754282.003.0007.
Abstract (sommario):
Chapter 7 outlines a non-structural account of rationality according to which rationality requires us to respond to available reasons, where a reason is available if it is part of an agent’s body of evidence (7.1–7.3). It is argued that such a response conception of rationality is compatible both with the factivity of reasons and the thesis that rationality supervenes on the mind or the internal (7.4–7.5). The chapter goes on to defend the idea that evidence provides practical reasons against the objection that all practical reasons must be good-making features (7.6). The remainder of the chapter seeks to vindicate some more specific response requirements of rationality, such as the requirement to believe what one’s evidence supports as true (7.7), and the requirement to intend what one’s evidence suggests one ought to do (7.8–7.9).
31
Scott, Gini Graham. The Science of Living Longer. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216011798.
Abstract (sommario):
This thought-provoking book looks at humanity's quest for immortality and examines the latest research on extending one's life and possibly living forever, presenting an overview of technological innovations such as cryonics, cell rejuvenation, organ transplants, using an exoskeleton, and brain transplants. With the seemingly limitless potential of 21st-century technology, the chance of human immortality being an actual possibility rather than a science fiction concept is tantalizingly close. And with this increased possibility of achieving immortality, a growing community of people interested in immortality has formed worldwide. Organizations dedicated to great extension of human life now exist, focusing on technologies that reverse the damage caused by aging, transfer human consciousness to an artificial body, or cryogenically freeze those who hope to be brought back to life when technology to revive the body without cellular damage is developed. The Science of Living Longer: Developments in Life Extension Technology provides a fascinating look at the current state of the scientific research on how people can live significantly longer―and possibly even forever. The book begins with an introductory section on the historical efforts to achieve immortality in Western and other cultures. Following chapters investigate different strands of research toward the common objective of achieving a longer life or even immortality. Other chapters address topics such as the health, wellness, and fitness movement designed to help individuals live longer; the biological methods―such as cell rejuvenation―designed to defeat aging; and the use of technology to provide an exoskeleton as body parts age or to download the brain into a computer or other body. Each chapter also suggests steps an individual can take to live longer, too.
32
Waltham-Smith, Naomi. Beethoven’s Blush. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662004.003.0004.
Abstract (sommario):
Humanity has been determined as the animal that has language. A close reading of Beethoven’s Cavatina from the String Quartet Op. 130, examines the possibility that the human being does not immediately and necessarily possess its own voice. Guided by Nancy and Lévinas, this chapter examines what it is like to encounter one’s body as thoroughly improper, and even as an experience of shame. This leads to a novel analysis of this movement that explains both its heart-wrenchign poignancy and also the discomfit it has provoked. It also develops the concept of voice in a new direction, detaching it from the phenomenological tradition.
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Baumann, Holger, e Peter Schaber. Human Dignity and the Right to Assisted Suicide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675967.003.0013.
Abstract (sommario):
If a person competently requests another person to assist her in dying, she thereby exercises her normative power to make the act permissible that belongs to her rights over her own body. Denying a person this normative power means, on the view developed in this chapter, to disrespect her human dignity. We thus argue against views that regard terminating one’s own life (by the help of others) as morally impermissible for reasons of human dignity. At the same time, however, we do not think that exercises of a person’s normative power to end her life provide others with any reasons to help nor does it put them' under a duty to assist. Respect for human dignity only requires us to respect a person’s normative power to make assisting acts morally permissible.
34
Nagar, Richa. Translated Fragments, Fragmented Translations. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038792.003.0002.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter draws attention to the ways in which a commitment to radical vulnerability can enable and enrich politically engaged alliance work, and the particular ways in which affect and trust empower translations across borders. It presents excerpts of letters, conversations, poems, and narratives from contexts that might seem disjointed and disparate on the surface but that tell stories—of encounters, events, and relationships—that have enabled the arguments made in the rest of this book. These fragments also point to the intense entanglements between autobiography and politics, and seek to initiate a discussion on feminist praxis that commits itself to learning and unlearning by inserting one's body—individually and collectively—into the process of knowledge making and the generative challenges that such insertion poses for imagining storytelling and engagement across socioeconomic, geographical, and institutional borders.
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de Vignemont, Frédérique, Andrea Serino, Hong Yu Wong e Alessandro Farnè, a cura di. The World at Our Fingertips. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851738.001.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
Where do you end and the external world begin? This might seem to be a straightforward, binary question: your skin is the boundary, with the self on one side and the rest of the world on the other. Peripersonal space shows that the division is not that simple. The boundary is blurrier than you might have thought. Our ability to monitor the space near the body appears to be deeply ingrained. Our evolutionary history has equipped our brains with a special mechanism to track multisensory stimuli that can potentially interact with our physical body in its immediate surroundings and prime appropriate actions. The processing of the immediate space around one’s body thus displays highly specific multisensory and motor features, distinct from those that characterize the processing of regions of space that are further away. The computational specificities here lead one to wonder whether classic theories of perception apply to the special case of peripersonal space. We think that there is a need to reassess the relationship between perception, action, emotion, and self-awareness in the highly special context of the immediate surroundings of our body. For the first time, leading experts on peripersonal space in cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, and ethology gathered in this volume describe the vast number of fascinating discoveries about this special way of representing space. For the first time too, these empirical results and the questions they open are brought into dialogue with philosophy.
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Sallaz, Jeffrey J. Is a Bourdieusian Ethnography Possible? A cura di Thomas Medvetz e Jeffrey J. Sallaz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357192.013.21.
Abstract (sommario):
Chapter abstract This chapter argues that Pierre Bourdieu’s research program is less compatible with ethnography than it first appears. Bourdieu was critical of structuralism, that perspective on the social world that prioritizes general patterns over lived experience, whereas ethnography claims as its raison d’être the elucidation of lived experience. A close reading of Bourdieu’s entire body of writings, however, reveals multiple reservations about the ethnographic method. At various points Bourdieu argues that ethnography is partial knowledge, impotent knowledge, and dangerous knowledge. This chapter elaborates each of these critiques, and gives ethnography a chance to respond. Ultimately, it concludes that it is possible to do ethnography from within the Bourdieusian research program. But ethnographers must take care to contextualize their field data in its extra-local context; they should deploy systematic research designs; and they must exercise reflexivity as to how one’s position as a scholar shapes one’s experience of others’ social worlds.
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Hoffmann, George. From Communion to Communication. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808763.003.0007.
Abstract (sommario):
Satires’ vitriolic nature made them poor tools of propaganda. Rather than as instruments of persuasion, they often read as anxious to foreground their own inflated diffusion, power to provoke, and coherence through retrospective serialization that suggested a fictional continuity. If part publicity stunt, however, these satires also cannily exploited and extended the reformed theological concept of “communication” by which the traditional corporeal understanding of the social body, figured in Communion, was replaced with spiritual connection to Jesus and, ultimately, to fellow worshipers. Satires’ emphasis on foreignness and distance from one’s neighbors in particular facilitated a kind of “stranger sociability” with fellow reformed readers they did not know. This theological origin suggests that the modern public sphere began with the communication of the Mass before it transformed into mass communication.
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El Refaie, Elisabeth. Visual Metaphor and Embodiment in Graphic Illness Narratives. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190678173.001.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
This study uses the analysis of visual metaphor in 35 graphic illness narratives—book-length stories about disease in the comics medium—in order to re-examine embodiment in traditional Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and propose the more nuanced notion of “dynamic embodiment.” Building on recent strands of research within CMT, and drawing on relevant concepts and findings from other disciplines, including psychology, phenomenology, social semiotics, and media theory, the book develops the argument that the experience of one’s own body is constantly adjusting to changes in one’s individual state of health, sociocultural practices, and the activities in which one is engaged at any given moment, including the modes and media that are being used to communicate. This leads to a more fluid and variable relationship between physicality and metaphor use than many CMT scholars assume. For example, representing the experience of cancer through the graphic illness narrative genre draws attention to the unfathomable processes going on beneath the body’s visible surface, particularly now that digital imaging technologies play such a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. This may lead to a reversal of conventional conceptualizations of knowing and understanding in terms of seeing, so that vision itself becomes the target of metaphorical representations. A novel classification system of visual metaphor, based on a three-way distinction between pictorial, spatial, and stylistic metaphors, is also proposed.
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King, Daniel. Ekphrasis, Trauma, and Viewing Pain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810513.003.0010.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter treats the connection between trauma and pain which developed in the description of physical violence in Imperial rhetoric. In a medical context, at least, physical trauma was often associated with pain. By reformulating how one views trauma and physical violation, however, writers explored and criticized this assumed connection. Ekphrasis was used by different authors to explore the nature of one’s pain experience by focusing on how viewing context might inflect the presence of pain in the body. It was also used to develop emotional and intellectual engagement from the viewing audience: ekphrasis was a key tool in enabling viewers to imagine (or ignore) the pain felt by another and determining how they should react to it.
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Gallagher, Sally K. Growing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190239671.003.0005.
Abstract (sommario):
Chapter 5 explores how new members and regular attenders think about the process of spiritual growth. Based on both focus group interviews with current members and regular attenders, as well as personal interviews with those who are considering or recently joined, we assess how women and men define, envision, and experience the process of growth differently across congregations. Across congregations, spiritual growth involves both increasing understanding of the language and story of one’s faith, as well as increasing facility in the practices in which believers engage. Our observations and conversations within these congregations point to the additional salience of the body and embodied practice in ordinary, lived and corporate expressions of faith.
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Bryant Miller, Adam, Maya Massing-Schaffer, Sarah Owens e Mitchell J. Prinstein. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Youth. A cura di Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White e Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.34.
Abstract (sommario):
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is direct, intentional harm to one’s own body performed without the intent to die. NSSI has a marked developmental onset reaching peak prevalence in adolescence. NSSI is present in the context of multiple psychological disorders and stands alone as a separate phenomenon. Research has accumulated over the past several decades regarding the course of NSSI. While great advances have been made, there remains a distinct need for basic and applied research in the area of NSSI. This chapter reviews prevalence rates, correlates and risk factors, and leading theories of NSSI. Further, it reviews assessment techniques and provides recommendations. Then, it presents the latest evidence-based treatment recommendations and provides a case example. Finally, cutting edge research and the next frontier of research in this area are outlined.
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Franklin, Joseph C., e Matthew K. Nock. Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Its Relation to Suicidal Behavior. A cura di Phillip M. Kleespies. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352722.013.29.
Abstract (sommario):
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is the direct and intentional destruction of one’s own body tissue in the absence of suicidal intent. Although NSSI itself is explicitly nonsuicidal, nearly half of individuals who engage in NSSI also engage in suicidal behavior, and nearly all individuals who engage in suicidal behavior also engage in NSSI. Moreover, recent studies suggest that NSSI is one of the strongest known predictors of future suicide attempts, even exceeding the predictive power of prior suicide attempts in some instances. In this chapter we review the basic features and correlates of NSSI, evaluate the evidence for traditional models of NSSI, and discuss how an emerging model of NSSI may provide insight into the strong association between NSSI and suicidal behavior. We conclude by recommending how to evaluate when NSSI is a behavioral emergency and by noting the most crucial future directions for research on this topic.
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Troisi, Alfonso. Touch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199393404.003.0008.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter briefly reviews recent empirical research on touch, including the role of touch in early development, emotions that can be conveyed by touch, the importance of touch for interpersonal relationships, and how friendly touch affects compliance in different situations. Physiological and biochemical effects of touch are also reviewed, including decreased heart rate, blood pressure and cortisol, and increased oxytocin. The beneficial effects of touch, including massage therapy, for socioemotional and physical well-being are explained in light of the importance of mother–infant contact in all primate species. To develop normally, primate infants and human babies need much physical contact with their mothers; touch deprivation is one of the most pathogenic condition for a young primate. The second part of the chapter analyzes how cultural evolution has elaborated the natural predisposition toward affiliative touch, creating complex rituals and specific taboos. Finally, the chapter briefly discusses “displacement activities” that consist mostly of movements focused on one’s own body, such as self-touching, scratching, and self-grooming.
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Sobel, David, Peter Vallentyne e Steven Wall, a cura di. Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy Volume 6. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852636.001.0001.
Abstract (sommario):
This consists of eight papers in political philosophy that were presented at the Sixth Annual Workshop for Oxford Studies in Political Philosophy, at the University Pavia, Italy, in June 2018. In Part I: Rights and Wrongs, Kimberley Brownlee analyses how wrongs can create new rights. Zofia Stemplowska argues that it is possible to mitigate some past injustices done to those who are no longer alive. Japa Pallikkathayil develops an account of how our bodily rights constrain the right to free speech. In Part II: Immigration and Borders, Valeria Ottonelli defends the right to stay where one lives, on the basis of the right to control one’s body and one’s personal space. Nils Holtug argues that the equality required by justice has global scope and that open borders can be expected reduce global inequality. Johann Frick argues that special relationships among members of a group (e.g. one’s compatriots) cannot justify strong forms of partiality, unless the boundaries of this group can also be justified. In Part III: Other Matters, Christian List and Laura Valentini argue that the normative facts of political theory belong to a higher—more coarse-grained—level than those of moral theory and that, consequently, some questions that moral theories answer are indeterminate at the political level. Aart van Gils and Patrick Tomlin explore the issue whether weaker claims can be aggregated in order to collectively defeat stronger claims, and they focus on the limited aggregation view, according to which this is sometimes, but not always so.
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Gutiérrez, Andrea. Embodiment of Dharma in Animals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702603.003.0036.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter explores animal involvement in Hindu ritual and ideology as described in Dharmaśāstra, investigating how and why descriptions and enactments of dharma require and utilize animal bodies. In accounting for animals in Hindu ritual, one observes that animals embody dharma, both literally (materially, in ritual) and figuratively. At times, animals are an extension of one’s own physical body, as property, reasserting the permeability of “animal” and “human” in Hindu ideology. Further, humans may “become animal” during penance or in a karmic rebirth. While bodies are socially constructed and enacted, animals are also the social products of Hindu ritual and thought: for example, the cow. In exploring how humans have constructed their religious world using various animal bodies, we find that these bodies articulate dharma and create and restore religious merit for humans, indicating that animals sometimes mediate human relations with the divine.
46
Stanghellini, Giovanni. Schizophrenia and the disembodiment of desire. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0030.
Abstract (sommario):
The schizophrenic person’s existential trajectory reflects the intolerable mixture of his desperate need for the Other and his hopeless attempts to orientate in human, and especially erotic, relationships. The schizophrenic person may turn away from actual reality into a mystical-romantic, ‘higher’ ideal, which like a dim mist protects him from the encounter with the real Other. Two features seem to best characterize this type of existence. One is his philosophy of life that indulges in cramping reflections concerned with spirituality, that is, rectitude, fidelity, nobility, and purity. The second is disembodiment. Sexual excitement is experienced as a storming, oppressing experience of something going through and travelling across one’s own body. The ‘higher’ ideal image of love seems to downplay this intolerable feeling and transform sexual excitement into a disembodied type of desire. The essential feature of this type of existence is its being disembodied.
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Abramovitch, Amitai. Neuropsychological Function in OCD. A cura di Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0015.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter reviews the neuropsychological literature in adult and pediatric OCD, and then reviews the limitations, current controversies, and caveats in this area. Characterization of neuropsychological deficits associated with psychological problems has the potential to integrate neurobiological and psychopathological research. The cognitive neuropsychology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has been extensively studied over the past three decades. This impressive body of literature indicates that individuals diagnosed with OCD tend to exhibit moderate underperformance on neuropsychological tests in most, although not all, cognitive domains. However, neuropsychological research in OCD has been notoriously inconsistent. Moreover, the presence of broad though modest deficits, rather than large discrete ones, raises serious challenges for attempts to integrate neuropsychological constructs into neurobiological and psychological models of OCD.
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König, Matthias W., Mohamed A. Mahmoud e John J. McAuliffe III. Prone Positioning for Posterior Fossa Tumor Resection. A cura di Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel e Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0031.
Abstract (sommario):
The prone position is employed for minor or major procedures on the dorsal aspect of the body. The more major procedures tend to be prolonged and may be associated with swelling of dependent areas, as well as prolonged pressure on certain pressure points. These possible complications must be adequately addressed with families during the preoperative visit in order to appropriately manage expectations when they see their loved ones in the immediate postoperative phase, especially after a long surgery. In order to prevent complications, proper padding and protection of dependent areas should be performed. This chapter considers the logistic challenges of turning a small patient into the prone position, explores potential complications unique to prone positioning, lists strategies to avoid position-related injuries, and discusses cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone position.
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Greyser, Naomi. “Do I Not All Thy Sorrows Heed, And Bear Thee on My Heart?”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190460983.003.0006.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter traces Harriet E. Wilson’s efforts to write in an environment that refused to recognize her as having a story. Mapping out the violent and debilitating domestication of Alfrado’s mind and body in Our Nig, the chapter takes seriously the sentimental verse in Wilson’s text that describes sympathy as bearing another on one’s heart. Wilson found a printer who subsidized the production of her book, but not a publisher who would circulate and promote it. She sold Our Nig (1859) door to door. Walking across swaths of southern New Hampshire and central Massachusetts, she found small grounds for connection with or support from (largely white) readers. This chapter maps sentimentalists buying and selling sympathy in the literary marketplace and New England home, and the losses that accrue when authorship is limited to those with a market share of sympathy.
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Newton, Hannah. ‘Pluck’t from the Pit’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779025.003.0006.
Abstract (sommario):
Recovery was often experienced as a narrow escape from death. ‘I was snatch’d out of the very Jaws of Death!’, exclaimed Thomas Steward from Suffolk in 1699. While historians have examined emotional responses to the prospect of death, little has been said about reactions to not dying; this new angle sheds fresh light on attitudes to both life and death. Patients usually expressed great joy, and gave three reasons for doing so: the relief of the body and soul not to have to part; the desire to remain in the ‘land of the living’; and the opportunity to ‘improve’ one’s salvation. Occasionally, however, owing to beliefs in the superiority of heaven over earth, patients felt disappointed not to die! This chapter also discusses families’ reactions, showing that their feelings varied according to their relationship with the patient, and the timing and means through which they heard of the survival.