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Tesi sul tema "Ondes topologiques"
Aicardi, Francesca. "Invariants topologiques des courbes legendriennes". Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090006.
Testo completoZheng, Li-Yang. "Granular monolayers : wave dynamics and topological properties". Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1035/document.
Testo completoGranular crystals are spatially periodic structures of elastic particles arranged in crystal lattices. The interactions between particles take place via their elastic interconnections, which are of much smaller dimensions and weights than the beads. This induces propagation of elastic waves in granular structures at significantly slower velocities than in the individual grains. In addition, due to the existence of non-central shear forces, rotations of particles can be initiated, leading to extra phononic modes in the crystals. In the manuscript, wave dynamics in two-dimensional monolayer granular crystals with either out-of-plane or in-plane particle motion is studied. The phononic properties are investigated, including Dirac points, zero-frequency modes, zero-group-velocity modes and their transformation into slow propagating phononic modes. Furthermore, in the presence of edges/boundaries, zero-frequency and extremely slow elastic edge waves can be also predicted in mechanical granular honeycomb crystals (granular graphene). In addition, topological properties of rotational edge waves in a granular graphene are theoretically demonstrated. By inducing topological transition, which turns the topological order of granular graphene from trivial to nontrivial, topological edge transport in the granular graphene can be observed. The developed theories could promote the potential applications of designed granular structures with novel elastic wave propagation properties
Wang, Wei. "Manipulation of Lamb waves with elastic metamaterials". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS414.
Testo completoWe develop elastic pillared metamaterials to manipulate Lamb waves. Firstly, the negative properties associated with bending, compression and torsion resonances in two structures consisting of pillars on one side of a thin plate are examined. We describe in details two different mechanisms at the origin of doubly negative property. The potential of these structures for negative refraction of Lamb waves and acoustic cloaking is demonstrated numerically. Secondly, we present the topologically protected transport of Lamb waves by analogy with quantum spin and valley quantum Hall effects. By rearranging the previous structures into a honeycomb network, a single Dirac cone and a double Dirac cone are introduced. We discuss the appearance of topologically valley-protected edge states in an asymmetrical double-sided pillar structure. The unidirectional propagation of edge states on different domain walls is studied. In addition, we consider a symmetrical double-sided system allowing the separation of the symmetric and antisymmetric modes. Combined edge states protected topologically by pseudospin and pseudospin-valley degree of freedom are demonstrated. Third, we propose an approach to actively control the transmission of the antisymmetric Lamb wave propagating through an infinite line of pillars. Two different situations with bending and compression resonances respectively separated or superimposed are studied. External tensile force and pressure are applied to the pillars, which allows them to couple with the bending and compressive vibrations. The transmission is studied as a function of the amplitude and the relative phase of the external sources
Razo, López Luis Alberto. "Localisation des ondes électromagnétiques au-delà d'Anderson : rôle des corrélations, des symétries et de la topologie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5013.
Testo completoIn a broad sense, the term wave localization refers to a phenomenon where waves are spatially confined in small regions of the space without any bounding material barriers.In this Thesis, we investigate (analytically, numerically and experimentally) different physical collective mechanisms to spatially localize, and therefore, to control electromagnetic waves. Specifically, we focus on the role of uncorrelated and correlated potentials, as well as of topological effects to achieve wave confinement. Analytical and numerical studies are accomplished in the framework of a recent approach in the modeling of Anderson localization called localization landscape theory. On the other hand, experiments are performed using a microwave platform composed by small dielectric cylinders placed inside a cavity made of two metallic plates. The cavity implements a propagative wave system, where we can efficiently control the local permittivity by means of the cylinders acting as scatterers, or as an analogic tight-binding system, where, in this case, the dielectric cylinders play the role of resonators.First, we extend the scope of the localization landscape approach to a wide class of one and two dimensional tight-binding systems in the presence of uncorrelated disorder, where localized eigenfunctions appear in both band-edges. We demonstrate how the landscape theory is able to predict accurately not only the locations, but also the energies of localized eigenfunctions in the low- and high-energy regimes. Later, by using our experimental cavity as a propagative system, we perform microwave transport experiments in two dimensional planar arrays. Experiments are carried out on a disordered lattice and on an aperiodic Vogel spiral from where we characterize the electromagnetic modal structures in real space. Our results reveals that aperiodic systems can carry a rich variety of long-lived modes—with Gaussian, exponential, and power law spatial decays—which are able to survive even in a three-dimensional environment. This is supported by different transport quantities such as the density of states, the characteristic decay time, and the Thouless conductance that are also experimentally accessible. On the contrary, we show that the eigenstates in traditional disordered media are always limited to exponential radial decays with leaking features beyond two-dimensions.Finally, we use the experimental tight-binding configuration to investigate the propagation of topological helical states. Particularly, we experimentally analyze a set of honeycomb-like structures built using a triangular lattice with an hexagonal unit cell, which are characterized by the Z_2 topological invariant. By recovering the modal structure in real space and the density of states, our results reveal the possibility to open a topological gap, dwelt by edge states that lives in the border of the structure.We demonstrate the unidirectional counterpropagative features of such helical edge states.Taken together, our results demonstrate that it is possible to model, control and localize electromagnetic waves not only within, but beyond Anderson's conception. Thanks to the crossroads we have taken, we have mapped out an itinerary that brings us closer to the main avenue leading perhaps to Anderson localization of three dimensional electromagnetic waves
Jezequel, Lucien. "Phase space approach to topological physics : Mode-shell correspondence and extentions to non-Hermitian and non-linear systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0021.
Testo completoSince the 1980s and the discovery of the quantum Hall effect, topology has proven to be a crucial tool for analyzing various wave phenomena. Among the key concepts that have emerged from this field, bulk-edge correspondence stands out. It establishes a link between the existence of zero energy edge states in bulk-insulating materials and topological properties defined in the bulk. However, many other topological phenomena, such as higher order insulators or semimetals, are documented in the literature, each with their own distinct phenomenology. This thesis presents a new formalism, called "mode-shell correspondence", which harmonizes these various research results and generalizes the bulk-edge correspondence. Indeed, this correspondence demonstrates the possibility of linking, in a general way, the properties of low energy topological modes to a topological property defined in the shell, representing the surface surrounding these modes in phase space. Furthermore, this thesis explores the extensions of this formalism to non-linear and non- Hermitian systems, which are of particular importance for the study of the topological properties of classical waves
Anache-Ménier, Domitille. "Propagation des ondes dans les milieux désordonnés: étude de la phase des ultrasons et des ondes sismiques". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10065.
Testo completoIn this thesis we study, both theoretically and experimentally, the phase of seismic and ultrasonic waves propagating in disordered media. The theory for the derivatives of phase with respect to either position or time is developped in the framework of a scalar gaussian and circular wave field. Different statistical functions allow us to characterize the scatterers in the two experimental set-ups discussed in this thesis. On the one hand, the temporal phase fluctuations of ultrasound in a suspension of glass spheres probe scatterer motions on time scales ranging from milliseconds to seconds. On the other hand, the spatial phase fluctuations characterize multiple scattering of flexural waves propagating in a Plexiglas R plate with random holes. In both set-ups the gaussian properties of the coda field are scrutinized using the asymptotic power law decay of the distribution functions of the phase derivatives. The study of the seismic coda of regional events in California provides a possible application to the determination of the mean free path in the Earth?s crust : it is shown to be the only characteristic length scale of the spatial phase derivative correlation function
Anache-Ménier, Domitille. "Propagation des ondes dans les milieux désordonnés: étude de la phase des ultrasons et des ondes sismiques". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335480.
Testo completoLa théorie des distributions et des corrélations des dérivées spatiales et temporelles de la phase est développée dans l'hypothèse d'un champ scalaire analytique gaussien et circulaire. Ces fonctions statistiques permettent de caractériser les diffuseurs dans les deux dispositifs expérimentaux au coeur de cette thèse. D'une part, les fluctuations temporelles de la phase d'ultrasons sont utilisées pour sonder la dynamique d'une suspension de billes millimétriques sur des échelles de temps allant de la milliseconde à la seconde. D'autre part les fluctuations spatiales de la phase donnent une caractérisation de la diffusion multiple des ondes de flexion dans une plaque de Plexiglas ® perforée aléatoirement. Le comportement asymptotique en loi de puissance des distributions des dérivées de la phase démontre les propriétés gaussiennes des codas dans ces deux dispositifs.
Enfin, l'étude de la coda de séismes régionaux en Californie a permis de proposer une application à la détermination du libre parcours moyen des ondes sismiques dans la croûte terrestre : il est montré que c'est la seule échelle caractéristique de la fonction de corrélation de la dérivée spatiale de la phase.
Hafidi, Alaoui Hamza. "Imagerie topologique ultrasonore des milieux périodiques". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0388/document.
Testo completoThe detection, localization and monitoring of the evolution of defects in periodic media and waveguides is a major issue in the field of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT). Wave propagation in such media is complex, for example when the velocity depends on the frequency (dispersion) or direction of propagation (anisotropy). The signature of the defect can also be "embedded" in the acoustic field reflected by the structure (reverberation or multiple diffusion). It is to answer these stakes of the size that the Topological Optimization (TO) has been adapted to the problems of diffraction of the acoustic waves by infinitesimal defects in order to obtain reflectivity images of the inspected media. The method can be applied to all kinds of media, regardless of their complexity, provided an exact simulation of the wave propagation in a reference medium (without defects) is performed. Inspired by the TO, the work of this thesis proposes to implement qualitative imaging methods adapted to the specificities of Phononic Crystals (PC) and waveguides. First, we focus on the description of the mathematical formalism of Topological Optimization and Full-Waveform Inversion (FWI). Although these methods do not try to solve the same inverse problems, we highlight their similarities. In a second step, we apply Topological Imaging (TI) to the inspection in pulse-echo configuration of weakly heterogeneous media. Thirdly, we draw inspiration from TI to define a new variant of this method called Hybrid Topological Imaging (HTI).We apply these methods for the pulse-echo configuration inspection of PCs created by steel rods immersed in water.We compare the performance of these methods according to the kind of defects in the PC. Numerical simulations for some case studies are supported by conclusive experimental trials. In a fourth step, we adapt the TI to a pitch-catch configuration in order to implement a new method of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of waveguides. In this regard, we have developed a new imaging method that is better suited than TI to pitch-catch configurations
Jacques, Vincent. "Application de la diffraction cohérente des rayons X à l'étude de défauts topologiques dans les structures atomiques et électroniques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463496.
Testo completoKapikranyan, Oleksandr. "Influence du désordre sur le comportement à basse température de modèles de spins de symétrie continue". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10017/document.
Testo completoThe thesis presents a study of the two-dimensional XY model exposed to such realistic conditions as the presence of lattice imperfections (nonmagnetic impurities) and lattice finiteness. Both features are typical for experimentally accessible magnetic materials and ask for theoretical description. We also have explored the low-temperature behaviour of a finite two-dimensional Heisenberg model and found behaviour similar to that of the 2D XY model. We have used both analytical and computer experiment approaches to tackle the problem. The essential output of the work consists of: (a) estimation of the non-universal exponent of the power law decay of the pair correlation function of a diluted 2D XY model at low temperature as a function of dilution, analytically in the spin-wave approximation, and in the Monte Carlo simulations using the Wolff algorithm; (b) analytical estimation of the corresponding exponent of the 2D Heisenberg model in the low-temperature limit for the finite lattice size and its comparison to the Monte Carlo simulations; (c) evaluation of the form of interaction between nonmagnetic impurities and topological defects within the Villain model as well as in the Kosterlitz-Thouless model, and analytical prediction of the critical temperature reduction made on the basis of this interaction; (d) Monte Carlo investigation of the form of the residual magnetization probability distribution in a finite system in presence of nonmagnetic disorder (dilution). We found all our analytical predictions in quite well agreement with the Monte Carlo simulation results as well as with other researches of the similar problems