Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Onde de pouls"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Onde de pouls":
1
Pasche, Feihl, Liaudet e Waeber. "Mesure non-invasive de la pression artérielle centrale: comment et pourquoi?" Praxis 96, n. 29 (1 luglio 2007): 1137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157.96.29.1137.
Abstract (sommario):
Jusqu'à ce jour, la pression artérielle a toujours été mesurée au niveau huméral par sphygmomanométrie. Il existe pourtant depuis quelques années un outil non invasif permettant d'estimer la pression régnant dans l'aorte. Cela est rendu possible grâce à la mesure par tonométrie d'aplanation de l'onde de pouls au niveau de l'artère radiale, avec conversion ultérieure en une onde de pression centrale par une méthode mathématique (fonction de transfert). Cette mesure peut nous renseigner au mieux sur la pression à proximité des organes cibles, une pression influencée par les ondes de réflexion connues pour augmenter la pression systolique en cas de compliance artérielle diminuée. De plus certaines études récentes montrent que pour une pression périphérique identique, des traitements antihypertenseurs différents n'ont pas le même impact sur la pression systolique centrale.
2
Troquet, J. "Léon Fredericq et la portion descendante de la seconde onde positive (1ère onde systolique) du pouls veineux: Ondulation négative cd ou X dans la nomenclature actuelle". Archives Internationales de Physiologie et de Biochimie 94, n. 4 (gennaio 1986): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13813458609085345.
3
Maja-Pearce, Adewale. "Once more unto the polls". Index on Censorship 25, n. 3 (maggio 1996): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03064229608536104.
4
Austin, Dennis, e Andrudha Gupta. "India—Once more to the polls". Round Table 83, n. 330 (aprile 1994): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358539408454204.
5
Pols, Gijsbert. "Boekbespreking - Bart Slijper, Onder de blauwe oneindigheid, de vriendschap tussen Willem Kloos en Jacques Perk. Amsterdam, Bert Bakker, 2010. ISBN 978 9035 134 942. € 18,95." Internationale Neerlandistiek 50, n. 2 (1 febbraio 2012): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ivn2012.1.pols.
6
Sundararaman, Shankari. "Cambodian elections: From pol pot to the polls once again". Strategic Analysis 22, n. 6 (settembre 1998): 923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700169808458863.
7
Clegg, Michael T. "Millions of generations old: Once lost, diversity of gene pools cannot be restored". California Agriculture 49, n. 6 (novembre 1995): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.v049n06p34.
8
Majtyka, Tomasz. "The Use of Episodic Pools by Amphibians in Lowland Habitats of Southwestern Poland". Zoologica Poloniae 56, n. 1-4 (1 gennaio 2011): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10049-011-0008-4.
Abstract (sommario):
The Use of Episodic Pools by Amphibians in Lowland Habitats of Southwestern PolandEpisodic pools are one of the most unstable water habitats. They arise rarely, at least once every few years and last a relatively short period (in principle one vegetative season). They are characterized by a lack of water flora and fauna. Later, a few aquatic organisms inhabit them. Of the 15 amphibian taxa inhabiting Polish lowlands, six anurans use episodic pools for mating and larval development;Bombina bombina, Pelobates fuscus, Epidalea [=Bufo] calamita, Pseudepidalea [=Bufo] viridis, Hyla arborea, andPelophylax [=Rana] esculentuscomplex [probably onlyPelophylaxkl.esculentus].
9
Chalmers, Rachel M., Lester P. Simmonds, Martin Wood, Megan Luxford, Rob Miller e Rob Johnston. "Occurrence of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Leisure Pools in the UK, 2017, and Modelling of Oocyst Contamination Events". Water 13, n. 11 (27 maggio 2021): 1503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111503.
Abstract (sommario):
Cryptosporidium is a major cause of diarrhoea outbreaks linked to swimming pools, but little is known about the frequency of contamination. The primary aim was to investigate the occurrence and concentration, through sampling and modelling, of Cryptosporidium oocysts in leisure pools. Secondary aims were to compare detections with operational parameters, provide the evidence-base for guidance, and improve sampling capacity and interpretation for public health investigations. Up to 1000 L pool water was sampled during swim sessions once weekly for 10 weeks from 8 August 2017 at six volunteer pools. Oocysts were detected by microscopy in 12/59 (20%) pool water samples, at least once in each pool; 8/12 (66%) detections were in August when bather loads were highest. At three pools, 1 L filter backwash was sampled weekly and oocysts were detected in 2/29 (7%) samples, following detections in pool water. The probabilities of a bather contaminating the pool ranged from 1 in 1000 to over 1 in 10,000. Monte Carlo analysis showed that when high bather numbers caused contamination on over 70% of days, multiple events per day were more likely than single events. In these generally well-managed leisure pools, Cryptosporidium risk related to high bather loads. We conclude that public awareness campaigns for bather hygiene, and reminding pool operators of current guidance for managing faecal accidents, should be ahead of peak swim season.
10
Thomas, James E., Christine A. Goertzen e Kazuo Nakamura. "Amino acid pools in developing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: vegetative cells, gametes, and mature zygotes". Biochemistry and Cell Biology 70, n. 8 (1 agosto 1992): 724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o92-111.
Abstract (sommario):
Free amino acid pools were examined for cultures of vegetative cells, gametes, and mature zygotes of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Dangeard). The total pool of amino acids found in premature gametes of strains 137c+ (10.0 pmol∙μg protein−1) and 137c− (10.8 pmol∙μg protein−1) decreased to levels about half that seen in vegetative 137c− cells (19.8 pmol∙μg protein−1). Following light activation, amino acid pools in these gametes increased to 18.7 pmol∙μg protein−1 in 137c+ cells and 20.0 pmol∙μg protein−1 in 137c− cells. With the exception of cystine, individual amino acid pools in these cells had increased once more to levels similar to those seen in vegetative cells grown in liquid medium. Levels of cystine remained one to two orders of magnitude lower than that seen in vegetative cells. Mature 137c + and 137c− gametes mixed in solutions of either 2 mM cystine or 2 mM cysteine (half-cystine) suffered a 52–64% reduction, respectively, in the number of vis-à-vis conjugative pairs formed. This suggests that pools of endogenous cystine may play a role in the onset of mating. In zygotes levels of all amino acid pools, except histidine, were depressed; levels of cystine, valine, and phenylalanine were nondetectable in these cells.Key words: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, amino acid pools, gametes, zygotes, cystine.
Tesi sul tema "Onde de pouls":
1
Laurent, Pierre. "Etude de la vitesse de propagation de l'onde de pouls : de la recherche expérimentale à la pratique clinique". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M132.
2
Cailleaux, Corinne. "La distensibilité artérielle : du rat à l'homme". Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23108.
3
Laloy-Borgna, Gabrielle. "Micro-élastographie : caractérisation mécanique de la cellule par ondes élastiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10058.
Abstract (sommario):
L'élastographie ondulatoire est une méthode d'imagerie visant à mesurer l'élasticité des tissus biologiques de façon non-invasive et quantitative. Récemment, la transposition de la technique à petite échelle baptisée micro-élastographie dynamique a permis de réaliser de premières mesures d'élasticité cellulaire par ondes de cisaillement grâce à un microscope optique. Cette thèse s'attache à en comprendre les limites et à développer de nouvelles méthodes de micro-élastographie, à tester de nouvelles sources d'ondes mais également des applications potentielles de la technique. Dans un premier temps, la dispersion d'ondes de cisaillement a été étudiée sur des gels de gélatine. Deux régimes distincts d'ondes élastiques guidées et d'ondes de cisaillement ont été identifiés. La limite haute fréquence de propagation des ondes a également été explorée, permettant d'établir l'existence d'une fréquence de coupure expliquant l'absence d'imagerie ultrasonore de cisaillement. La même approche a ensuite été appliquée à des fluides visco-élastiques faisant apparaître deux fréquences de coupure et permettant de revisiter les études déjà menées sur la rhéologie et la propagation d'ondes dans ce type de milieux. Puis, l'objectif initial étant de réaliser de la micro-élastographie sur des cellules uniques et les expériences précédemment réalisées avec des micro-pipettes présentant certains défauts, une méthode originale de micro-élastographie cellulaire a été développée. Une micro-bulle oscillante est utilisée comme source d'ondes de cisaillement sans contact à 15 kHz, pour réaliser des expériences sur des cellules sanguines appelées mégacaryocytes dont le diamètre est d'environ 15 µm. Il s'agit en fait des plus petits objets jamais explorés par élastographie. Des objets plus gros, des amas cellulaires de quelques dizaines de milliers de cellules ont également été étudiés. En effet, l'élastographie ultrasonore de ces modèles tumoraux d'environ 800 µm de diamètre étant impossible, la micro-élastographie optique est une technique adaptée. Ces échantillons contiennent des nano-particules magnétiques, donc une impulsion magnétique a pu être utilisée comme source d'ondes. Auparavant, des preuves de concept sur des gels à la fois macroscopiques (en élastographie ultrasonore) et microscopiques (en micro-élastographie optique) ont été menées pour valider l'utilisation de cette source de champ diffus. Enfin, des mesures d'ondes de pouls ont été réalisées sur des artères rétiniennes d'environ 50 µm de diamètre à partir d'acquisitions d'holographie Doppler laser réalisées in vivo. L'application d'algorithmes de corrélation monochromatiques a permis de mesurer la vitesse d'ondes guidées révélant l'existence d'une deuxième onde de pouls, une onde antisymétrique de flexion. Cette onde guidée, beaucoup plus lente que l'onde de pouls axisymétrique étudiée jusqu'à présent, a également été observée sur l'artère carotide grâce à des acquisitions ultrasonores ultrarapidesDyanmic elastography is an imaging method to measure the elasticity of biological tissues in a non-invasive and quantitative way. Recently, the transposition of the technique to a small scale has been called dynamic micro-elastography and has allowed the first measurements of cellular elasticity by shear waves using an optical microscope. This thesis aims to undetstand the limits of this technique and to develop new micro-elastography methods, to test new wave sources but also potential applications of the technique. In a first step, the dispersion of shear waves was studied on gelatin phantoms. Two distinct regimes of guided elastic waves and shear waves were identified. The high-frequency limit of wave propagation was also explored, establishing the existence of a cutoff frequency which explains the absence of ultrasonic shear imaging. The same approach was then applied to visco-elastic fluids, revealing two cutoff frequencies and revisiting previous studies on rheology and wave propagation in this type of medium. Then, the initial objective being to carry out micro-elastography on single cells and the experiments previously carried out with micro-pipettes presenting certain defects, an original method of cellular micro-elastography was developed. An oscillating microbubble is used as a contactless shear wave source at 15 kHz to perform experiments on blood cells whose diameter is about 15 µm. These are the smallest objects ever explored by elastography. Larger objects, cell clusters of a few tens of thousands of cells have also been studied. Indeed, since ultrasound elastography of these tumour models of about 800 µm in diameter is impossible, optical micro-elastography is a suitable technique. These samples contain magnetic nanoparticles, so a magnetic pulse could be used as a wave source. Previously, proofs of concept on both macroscopic (in ultrasonic elastography) and microscopic (in optical micro-elastography) phantoms were conducted to validate the use of this diffuse field source. Finally, pulse wave measurements were performed on retinal arteries of about 50 µm in diameter using laser Doppler holography acquisitions performed in vivo. The application of monochromatic correlation algorithms allowed the measurement of guided wave velocities, finally revealing the existence of a second pulse wave, an antisymmetric bending wave. This guided wave, much slower than the axisymmetric pulse wave studied so far, was also observed on the carotid artery thanks to ultrafast ultrasound acquisitions
4
Risacher, Frédéric. "Étude de la propagation de l'onde de pouls par pléthysmographie d'impédance électrique". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T062.
5
Salles, Sébastien. "Estimation du mouvement de la paroi carotidienne en imagerie ultrasonore par une approche de marquage ultrasonore". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0092/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Ce travail de thèse est axé sur le domaine du traitement d’images biomédicales. L’objectif de notre étude est l’estimation des paramètres traduisant les propriétés mécaniques de l’artère carotide in vivo en imagerie échographique, dans une optique de détection précoce des pathologies cardiovasculaires. L’étude des comportements dynamiques de l’artère pour le dépistage précoce de l’athérosclérose constitue à ce jour une piste privilégiée. Cependant, malgré les avancées récentes, l’estimation du mouvement de la paroi carotidienne reste toujours difficile, notamment dans la direction longitudinale (direction parallèle au vaisseau). L’élaboration d’une méthode innovante permettant d’étudier le mouvement de la paroi carotidienne constitue la principale motivation de ce travail de thèse. Les trois contributions principales proposées dans ce travail sont i) le développement, la validation, et l’évaluation clinique d’une méthode originale d’estimation de mouvement 2D adaptée au mouvement de la paroi carotidienne, ii) la validation en simulation, et expérimentale de l’extension à la 3D de la méthode d’estimation proposée, et iii) l’évaluation expérimentale de la méthode proposée, en imagerie ultrasonore ultra-rapide, dans le cadre de l’estimation locale de la vitesse de l’onde de pouls. Nous proposons une méthode d’estimation de mouvement combinant un marquage ultrasonore dans la direction latérale, et un estimateur de mouvement basé sur la phase des images ultrasonores. Le marquage ultrasonore est réalisé par l’intermédiaire d’oscillations transverses. Nous proposons deux approches différentes pour introduire ces oscillations transverses, une approche classique utilisant une fonction de pondération spécifique, et une approche originale par filtrage permettant de contrôler de manière optimale leurs formations. L’estimateur de mouvement proposé utilise les phases analytiques des images radiofréquences, extraites par l’approche de Hahn. Ce travail de thèse montre que la méthode proposée permet une estimation de mouvement plus précise dans la direction longitudinale, et plus généralement dans les directions perpendiculaires au faisceau ultrasonore, que celle obtenue avec d’autres méthodes plus traditionnelles. De plus, l’évaluation expérimentale de la méthode sur des séquences d’images ultrasonores ultra-rapides issues de fantômes de carotide, a permis l’estimation locale de la vitesse de propagation de l’onde de pouls, la mise en évidence de la propagation d’un mouvement longitudinal et enfin l’estimation du module de Young des vaisseauxThis work focuses on the processing of biomedical images. The aim of our study is to estimate the mechanical properties of the carotid artery in vivo using ultrasound imaging, in order to detect cardiovascular diseases at an early stage. Over the last decade, researchers have shown interest in studying artery wall motion, especially the motion of the carotid intima-media complex in order to demonstrate its significance as a marker of Atherosclerosis. However, despite recent progress, motion estimation of the carotid wall is still difficult, particularly in the longitudinal direction (direction parallel to the probe). The development of an innovative method for studying the movement of the carotid artery wall is the main motivation of this thesis. The three main contributions proposed in this work are i) the development, the validation, and the clinical evaluation of a novel method for 2D motion estimation of the carotid wall, ii) the development, the simulation and the experimental validation of the 3D extension of the estimation method proposed, and iii) the experimental evaluation of the 2D proposed method in ultra-fast imaging, for the estimation of the local pulse wave velocity. We propose a motion estimation method combining tagging of the ultrasound images, and a motion estimator based on the phase of the ultrasound images. The ultrasonic tagging is produced by means of transverse oscillations. We present two different approaches to introduce these transverses oscillations, a classic approach using a specific apodization function and a new approach based on filtering. The proposed motion estimator uses the 2D analytical phase of RF images using the Hahn approach. This thesis work shows that, compared with conventional methods, the proposed approach provides more accurate motion estimation in the longitudinal direction, and more generally in directions perpendicular to the beam axis. Also, the experimental evaluation of our method on ultra-fast images sequences from carotid phantom was used to validate our method regarding the estimation of the pulse wave velocity, the Young’s modulus of the vessels wall, and the propagation of a longitudinal movement
6
Sanz, Miralles Elena C. "Pulse wave imaging as an indicator of arterial stiffness in patients affected with periodontitis = Imagen de onda de pulso como indicador de la rigidez arterial en el paciente periodontal = Imatge de l’ona del pols com indicador de rigidesa arterial en el pacient periodontal". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406351.
Abstract (sommario):
In this thesis, the relationship between periodontitis and arterial stiffness was assessed by a new technique known as Pulse Wave Imaging (PWI). PWI is a non-invasive ultrasound-based technique developed by members of our team, and is intended to overcome some limitations of classic methods for assessing elasticity. PWI can be used to determine Pulse Wave Velocity (PWV) and assess homogeneity in the transmission of the wave (R2). In addition, a feasibility study was conducted to determine Pulse Pressure (PP) at a central artery through PWI.
A cross-sectional study including a sample of 80 volunteers was designed excluding participants with a history of cardiovascular disease, apart from hypertension. 40 subjects presented with moderate to severe periodontitis, defined as a minimum of two teeth per quadrant with probing depths (PD)>5mm, concomitant clinical attachment loss (CAL)>3mm and bleeding on probing (BoP) in more than 30% of the sites. The control group was comprised of gender- and age-matched (within a 5 year interval) periodontally healthy subjects with absence of PD>4mm and interproximal CAL>2mm. All patients received a full periodontal exam and the elasticity of right and left carotid arteries was assessed to determine the outcome variables PWV and R2. As PWI is a new technique, two thresholds (A and B) were used to analyze the results. Threshold A was generic while Threshold B was individualized. To explore differences within the groups, the PWV and R2 results from the paired samples were compared using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to assess the association between PWV/R2 and other explicative variables.
For the PP evaluation, a subsample of patients in whom the aorta was easily visible with ultrasounds was chosen. The patients were classified by their brachial blood pressure as normotensive, pre- or hypertensive. PP was then calculated in three locations of the arterial tree – brachial, radial and aortic arteries. The PP results were analyzed through the two-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni correction.
The application of Thresholds A and B resulted in 30 and 33 control-patient pairs, respectively. Results from Threshold A did not reveal statistically significant differences between the groups in regards to PWV (median of 2.37m/sec for periodontitis patients vs. 2.64m/sec in controls, p=0.74) or R2 (0.74 vs. 0.71, p=0.81). The univariate analysis revealed negative non-significant associations between the outcome variable R2 and the explicative variables: presence of periodontitis, variables related to periodontitis, age, and systolic/diastolic blood pressures. The multiple regression analysis revealed a significant association between R2 and gender (p=0.04). The results from Threshold B differed, revealing that patients with periodontitis presented significantly lower uniformity in wave propagation (R2) than controls (p=0.01), while PWV results were not statistically different between the two groups. Univariate analysis showed a significant negative association between R2 and periodontitis, its associated variables, and smoking. Periodontitis remained statistically associated with R2 in the multivariable analysis. When studying the PP results, significantly higher values were observed in the aortas of hypertensive patients compared to the values obtained in the radial and brachial arteries, regardless of the patients’ blood pressure status.
In summary, a lower degree of uniformity was observed in the transmission of the pulse wave in the carotid artery in a sample of periodontal patients with no history of cardiovascular disease. This suggests an association between periodontitis and arterial stiffness and supports the body of evidence indicating an association between periodontitis and atherosclerosis. Notably, the results from applying Threshold A and B were quite different, emphasizing the importance of using personalized thresholds. The PP analysis concluded that it is feasible to use non-invasive methods to determine PP in high-caliber central arteries such as the aorta.Se investigó la relación entre el estado periodontal y la rigidez arterial mediante Imagen de Onda de Pulso (PWI). PWI es una técnica no invasiva basada en el uso de ultrasonidos, la cual ha sido recientemente desarrollada por miembros de nuestro equipo y que pretende superar algunas de las limitaciones de las técnicas clásicamente utilizadas para valorar la elasticidad arterial. En este trabajo, PWI se utilizó para calcular la velocidad de la onda del pulso (PWV) y valorar la homogeneidad de transmisión de la misma (R2). A su vez, se analizó la factibilidad del cálculo de la Presión del Pulso (PP) en una arteria central mediante el uso de la misma técnica. Se analizó transversalmente una muestra de 80 individuos, pareada respecto a género y edad (±5 años). Cuarenta pacientes presentaban periodontitis moderada-severa, y el resto fueron clasificados como periodontalmente sanos. Pacientes con antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular (excepto hipertensión) fueron excluidos. Los resultados obtenidos al determinar la PWI en la carótida (PWV y R2) fueron analizados mediante el uso de dos umbrales diferentes, uno genérico y otro personalizado, mientras que la PP fue determinada en las arterias aorta, braquial y radial mediante el uso de tres métodos distintos. Los resultados muestran menor uniformidad en la propagación de la onda (R2) en los pacientes periodontales tras aplicar el umbral personalizado (p=.01). El análisis univariable reveló una asociación significativa negativa entre R2 y periodontitis, sus variables asociadas y tabaco. Esta asociación se mantuvo en el análisis multivariable entre R2 y periodontitis. Por otro lado, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para las variables PWV y R2 al aplicar el umbral genérico o respecto a PWV tras aplicar el umbral individualizado. En referencia al análisis de la PP, se confirma la factibilidad en su obtención en arterias centrales de pacientes hipertensos. En conclusión, se encontró una asociación entre periodontitis y una alteración funcional de las arterias, resultando en una disminución de su elasticidad. Respecto al análisis de datos realizado, cabe destacar el impacto en los resultados al considerar umbrales genéricos vs. personalizados. PWI se perfila como un método innovador en el análisis de la elasticidad arterial en pacientes con factores de riesgo arteriosclerótico y sin historia de eventos CV mayores.
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Tunková, Martina. "Městské lázně". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215713.
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Yang, Lun-Qing, e 楊倫青. "Multiple Blind Signcryption Scheme Based on ECC Technology - Design of the E-voting at One Time for Multiple Polls". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96500115567335724084.
Abstract (sommario):
碩士國防大學管理學院
資訊管理學系
99
In the society of the Internet popularity that have many countries adopting the skills of the Blind Signature to fulfill unlinkability and unforgeability etc. characteristics; Therefore, E-voting and E-payment that are usually used for them. For instance, in E-voting process, How to achieve more efficiency on the performing speed adds more safe protection that are worthy of considering issue in the future. Regarding to this, many scholars have submitted relative theories gradually such as the Partially Blind Signature, Fair Blinding Signature, Randomized Blind Signature, Threshold Blind Signature, etc. Viewing current E-voting systems on many countries is adopting the sole Blind Signature on the base of study skills. My professor and I have done research and submitted Multi-Blind Signcryption system. That is based on the fast calculation of the Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem and also can perform the Blind Signcryption and the method of encryption one time in the multitude copies of E-voting poll. Therefore, the system can reduce many times signatures and encryption on the transmitting process. Also, it can promote the efficiency in the calculating process and enhance more safe protection. That system is also applied for multiple elections of the E-voting changing into one kind type of the E-voting election in the future as well as multiple E-payments, which can be paid at one time.
Libri sul tema "Onde de pouls":
1
United, States Congress Senate Committee on Commerce Science and Transportation Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs Product Safety and Insurance. Examining pool safety issues: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Consumer Affairs, Product Safety, and Insurance of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, May 3, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.
2
Atwood, Margaret Eleanor. La petite poule rouge vide son coeur: Nouvelles. Paris: Le Serpent ̀Plumes, 1996.
3
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health. Protecting America's sick and chronically ill: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, April 3, 2013. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.
4
Robert, Cook. Portsmouth at the polls: One hundred and fifty years of reformed elections in a naval dockyard borough 1832-1982. Studley: Brewin, 1985.
5
Canada. Fund for Local Initiatives. Uganda: "when I was tortured, no one came out" : free expression and assembly in peril ahead of 2016 polls. Ottawa]: Canada Fund for Local Initiatives, 2016.
6
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade, and Consumer Protection. Opinion surveys: What consumers have to say about information privacy : hearing before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Trade and Consumer Protection of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, May 8, 2001. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2001.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations. The PPACA's high risk pool regime: High cost, low participation : hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, April 1, 2011. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.
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Poels, Vefie. Bibliografie van katholieke Nederlandse periodieken: Bibliography of catholic Dutch periodicals : Godsdienstig en kerkelijk leven = Religious and ecclesiastical life / onder eindred. van Vefie Poels en Zjuul van den Elsen. Nijmegen: Valkhof Pers, 2012.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Small business health insurance: Building a gateway to coverage : hearing before the Committee on Finance, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, October 25, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.
10
United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Investment. Dark pools, flash orders, high-frequency trading, and other market structure issues: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Securities, Insurance, and Investment of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, on examining the dark pools, flash orders, high-frequency trading, and other market structure issues, October 28, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Onde de pouls":
1
London, Herbert. "Polishing One of the Apple's Public Pools". In The Broken Apple, 163–64. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003419112-77.
2
Saari, Juho. "Welfare State in a Fair Society? Post-Industrial Finland as a Case Study". In Palgrave Studies in the History of Experience, 325–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21663-3_15.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractFinland is among the most advanced welfare states in the world. However, many surveys show that Finns are worried about the state of the Finnish welfare state and are experiencing various inequalities. This study argues that contrary to earlier studies, one can claim that the Finnish welfare state has a strong legitimacy and Finns think of their society as just. Opinion polls taken since 1993 show steady and even increasing support. Furthermore, comparative analysis indicates that both in terms of resources and perceived experience, Finland seems to be quite a just/fair country. This result indicates that by asking different questions and highlighting different experiences, one can obtain different results.
3
Ysmanova, Kasiet. "Pitfalls and Promise for Public Opinion Research in Central Asia". In SpringerBriefs in Political Science, 19–26. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39024-1_3.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe Central Asia Barometer (CAB) is one of the most active opinion polling institutions in Central Asia. It conducts large-scale surveys in all countries of Central Asia, including Turkmenistan. As the director of CAB, I coordinate the groups’ various research initiatives, ranging in methodology from phone polls to in-person interviews and focus groups with experts and the wider public. In discussing some of the challenges that my team and I face when collecting public opinion data, I seek to offer useful tips and recommendations for organisations and researchers that plan to conduct public opinion research in Central Asia.
4
Aldridge, Matthew, e David Ellis. "Pooled Testing and Its Applications in the COVID-19 Pandemic". In Springer Actuarial, 217–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78334-1_11.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractWhen testing for a disease such as COVID-19, the standard method is individual testing: we take a sample from each individual and test these samples separately. An alternative is pooled testing (or ‘group testing’), where samples are mixed together in different pools, and those pooled samples are tested. When the prevalence of the disease is low and the accuracy of the test is fairly high, pooled testing strategies can be more efficient than individual testing. In this chapter, we discuss the mathematics of pooled testing and its uses during pandemics, in particular the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyse some one- and two-stage pooling strategies under perfect and imperfect tests, and consider the practical issues in the application of such protocols.
5
Pfahler, V., J. Adu-Gyamfi e F. Tamburini. "How to Design a Study Including the Analysis of δ18OP". In Oxygen Isotopes of Inorganic Phosphate in Environmental Samples, 51–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97497-8_5.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractTo plan a research study, one needs to (1) establish a research question, (2) make a set of observations, (3) form a hypothesis in an attempt to explain the observations and (4) test the hypothesis based on the data collected. The following questions should be addressed when designing a study including the analysis of δ18OP: (i) what is the research hypothesis? (ii) what is the main objective of the study? (iii) what are the aims to address these objectives? and (iv) which techniques are appropriate to address such research question. In addition, one needs to consider (1) which kind of samples needs to be collected, e.g. soil, vegetation or water? (2) in case of soil and sediment samples, which sampling depths and increments need to be sampled? (3) which P pools need to be extracted and analysed for the corresponding δ18OP values? (4) when and how often should samples be taken and (5) how many samples can be processed per week?
6
Schoen, Adam, Gautam Saripalli, Seyedali Hosseinirad, Parva Kumar Sharma, Anmol Kajla, Inderjit Singh Yadav e Vijay Tiwari. "Genome Sequences from Diploids and Wild Relatives of Wheat for Comparative Genomics and Alien Introgressions". In Compendium of Plant Genomes, 241–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-38294-9_12.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractBread wheat is an important food source worldwide, contributing ~20% of the caloric intake per person worldwide. Due to a domestication bottleneck and highly selective breeding for key traits, modern wheat cultivars have a narrow genetic base. Wheat production faces several challenges due to both abiotic and biotic stresses as well as changing climatic conditions and genetic improvement of wheat is generally considered to be the most sustainable approach to develop climate resilient cultivars with improved yield and end-use traits. Since wheat cultivars and landraces have been explored extensively to identify novel genes and alleles, one way to overcome these pitfalls is by looking into the proverbial treasure trove of genomic diversity that is present in wheat’s wild relatives. These wild relatives hold reservoirs of genes that can confer broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens, increase yield, provide additional nutrition, and improve dough quality. Genetic approaches and techniques have existed to introgress wild chromatin to bread wheat, as well as trace introgressions present in the germplasm for over 7 decades. However with the availability of NGS technologies, it is now easier to detect and efficiently integrate the genetic diversity that lies within wheat’s gene pools into breeding programs and research. This chapter provides a concise explanation of current technologies that have allowed for the progression of genomic research into wheat’s primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools, as well as past technologies that are still in use today. Furthermore, we explore resources that are publicly available that allow for insight into genes and genomes of wheat and its wild relatives, and the application and execution of these genes in research and breeding. This chapter will give an up-to-date summary of information related with genomic resources and reference assemblies available for wheat’s wild relatives and their applications in wheat breeding and genetics.
7
Li, Michelle. "Chapter 12. Adult L2 acquisition of for- complementation in Chinese Pidgin English and Hong Kong English". In Lifespan Acquisition and Language Change, 294–316. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ahs.14.12li.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper examines the emergence of for-complementation in Chinese Pidgin English (CPE) and Hong Kong English (HKE) from a sociohistorical perspective. Although CPE and HKE arise under different contact situations and time periods, surprisingly speakers of these varieties show parallelism in the use of for to introduce purposive clauses. The origins of for as a complementizer in CPE will be argued to be contributed by convergence of meanings and functions in Cantonese and English – the major input languages in the feature pools of both varieties. It will be shown that L2 learning provided the mechanism for the emergence of for in purposive clauses in CPE and HKE. Variation in sentential complementation in these two varieties of English supports one of the tenets in variationist historical sociolinguistics, namely synchronic and diachronic variation can inform and complement each other.
8
López-Pintado, Orlenys, e Marlon Dumas. "Business Process Simulation with Differentiated Resources: Does it Make a Difference?" In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 361–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16103-2_24.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractBusiness process simulation is a versatile technique to predict the impact of one or more changes on the performance of a process. Mainstream approaches in this space suffer from various limitations, some stemming from the fact that they treat resources as undifferentiated entities grouped into resource pools. These approaches assume that all resources in a pool have the same performance and share the same availability calendars. Previous studies have acknowledged these assumptions, without quantifying their impact on simulation model accuracy. This paper addresses this gap in the context of simulation models automatically discovered from event logs. The paper proposes a simulation approach and a method for discovering simulation models, wherein each resource is treated as an individual entity, with its own performance and availability calendar. An evaluation shows that simulation models with differentiated resources more closely replicate the distributions of cycle times and the work rhythm in a process than models with undifferentiated resources.
9
"Appendix One: Public Opinion Polls". In The Veterans Charter and Post-World War II Canada, 235–45. McGill-Queen's University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780773566965-016.
10
Lavrakas, Paul J., e Sandra L. Bauman. "Page One Use of Presidential Pre-Election Polls: 1980-1992". In Presidential Polls and the News Media, 35–49. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429302978-3.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Onde de pouls":
1
Springer, Selwyn, D. (Sid) Sadal e Alex Turta. "Statistical Review of the Performance of Some Horizontal Wells Drilled in IOR/EOR Projects and Gas Pools in the WCSB". In SPE/CIM Eighth One-Day Conference on Horizontal Well Technology. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/cim-01-11-ms.
2
Ikoma, Tomoki, Mitsuru Nakamura, Satsuya Moritsu, Yasuhiro Aida, Koichi Masuda e Hiroaki Eto. "Effects of Four Moon Pools on a Floating System Installed With Twin-VAWTs". In ASME 2019 2nd International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2019-7598.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper describes characteristics of motion responses and tether tensions of a floating structure with four moon pools, on which one or two vertical axis wind turbine models are installed. Effects of several moon pools founded in a floating structure on motion characteristics have been unclear. In this study, the authors proposed a twin-VAWT installed floating system, which was a pontoon based structure. However four moon pools were set on. The study conducted model experiments in a wave tank using regular waves with 0.6 to 2.0 seconds in wave periods and 0.02 and 0.04 m in wave height. The model had four moon pools and was installed with one or two vertical axis turbine models. From it, gyroscopic moment effects were investigated. Besides, the study performed numerical calculations with the linear potential theory based method which were a Green function method. As a results, responses of the twin-turbine model are not affected by gyroscopic moment. The study discusses motion responses and tether tensions with nonlinear behaviours from mainly the experimental results. Also the effect of moon pools were investigated from the calculations. From comparisons of motion results on calculation models with same displacement but different draft, the results suggested that not only heave motion but also roll motion could be reduced because of the moon pools if the size of the moon pools were optimized.
3
Sato, Matthew M., Vivian Wen Hui Wong, Kincho H. Law, Ho Yeung, Zhuo Yang, Brandon Lane e Paul Witherell. "Anomaly Detection of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Melt Pool Images Using Combined Unsupervised and Supervised Learning Methods". In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-88313.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is one of the most promising forms of Additive Manufacturing (AM), allowing easily customized metal manufactured parts. Industry use is currently limited due to the often unknown and unreliable part quality, which is largely caused by the complex relationships between process parameters that include laser power, laser speed, scan strategy, and other machine settings. Melt pools can be monitored with a camera aligned co-axially with the laser to monitor part quality. However, the number of images acquired can be large, exceeding hundreds of thousands for a single part. This paper investigates how the K-Means algorithm, an unsupervised machine learning method, can be used to cluster images of melt pools based on their shape, including undesirable anomalous melt pools. Another unsupervised learning method in this paper is the U-Net autoencoder, which identifies anomalous melt pools by identifying images with a large reconstruction loss. The K-Means clustering or autoencoder provides labels that can be used for training a convolutional neural network image classifier. The image classifier can then be used to identify anomalous melt pools during the LPBF process. This paper provides a first step for real-time process control of the LPBF process by demonstrating how anomalous melt pools can be automatically identified in real-time.
4
Shah, Mirza M. "Calculation of Evaporation From Fukushima NPP Spent Fuel Pools". In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86561.
Abstract (sommario):
Prediction of evaporation rates from spent fuel pools of nuclear power plants in normal and post-accident conditions is of great importance for the design of safety systems. A severe accident in 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant caused failure of cooling systems of its spent fuel pools. The post-accident evaporation from the spent fuel pools of Fukushima units 2 and 4 is compared to a model based on analogy between heat and mass transfer which has been validated with a wide range of data from many water pools including a spent fuel pool. Calculations are done with two published estimates of fuel decay heat, one 25 % lower than the other. The model predictions are close to the evaporation using the lower estimate of decay heat. Other relevant test data are also analyzed and found in good agreement with the model.
5
Nakamura, Mitsuru, Tomoki Ikoma, Hiroaki Eto, Yasuhiro Aida e Koichi Masuda. "Response Characteristics of a Floating Structure With Moon Pools Installed With Vertical Axis Wind Turbines". In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96045.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper describes characteristics of motion responses and tether tensions of a floating structure with four moon pools, on which one or two vertical axis wind turbines are installed. In this study, the authors proposed a twin-VAWT installed floating system, which was a pontoon based structure. However four moon pools were set on. The study conducted model experiments in a wave tank using regular waves with 0.6 to 2.0 seconds in wave periods and 0.02 and 0.04 m in wave height. The model had four moon pools and was installed with one or two vertical axis turbine models. From it, gyroscopic moment effects were investigated. Besides, the study performed numerical calculations with the linear potential theory based method which were a Green function method. As a results, responses of the twin-turbine model are not affected by gyroscopic moment. The study discusses motion responses and tether tensions with nonlinear behaviours from mainly the experimental results.
6
Zhang, Y. M., Z. N. Cao e R. Kovačević. "Numerical Dynamic Analysis of Moving GTA Weld Pool". In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-1060.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract A three dimensional model with a moving heat source is developed to describe heat transfer and fluid flow in transient weld pools. Full penetration and free top and bottom surfaces are incorporated in the model in order to simulate the welding process more practically. The influence of plate thickness and welding current on the dynamics of weld pools is analyzed using calculated data. It is shown that when the workpiece is nearly penetrated, the depth of weld pool increases quickly. Also, the elevation of the top surface decrease quickly once the full penetration status is established.
7
Fernandes, Eduardo, Pedro Wildemberg e Jefersson Dos Santos. "Water Tanks and Swimming Pools Detection in Satellite Images: Exploiting Shallow and Deep-Based Strategies". In Workshop de Visão Computacional. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wvc.2020.13491.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper aims to study and to evaluate two distinct approaches for detecting water tanks and swimming pools in satellite images, which can be useful to monitor waterrelated diseases. The first approach, shallow, consists of using a Support Vector Machine in order to classify into positive and negative a discretized color histogram of a given segment of the original image. The second method employs the Faster R-CNN framework for detecting those objects. We built up swimming pools and water tanks datasets over the city of Belo Horizonte to support our experimental analysis. Our results show that the deep learning method greatly outperforms the shallow strategy, achieving an average precision at 0.5 IoU of over 93% on the swimming pool detection task, and over 73% on the water tank one. All the code and datasets are publicly available.
8
Li, Pak Hon, e Yujia Zhang. "A Smart Child Safety System for Enhanced Pool Supervision using Computer Vision and Mobile App Integration". In 12th International Conference on Software Engineering & Trends. Academy & Industry Research Collaboration Center, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2024.140807.
Abstract (sommario):
Ensuring child safety around swimming pools remains a paramount concern for parents and caregivers [4]. In this research, we present an innovative child safety system that leverages advanced computer vision technology and mobile app integration. Our system employs the YOLOv5 object detection model to continuously monitor swimming pool areas for the presence of children [5]. Upon detection, it promptly sends real-time alerts to parents' mobile apps, allowing for proactive supervision and accident prevention. We conducted two experiments to evaluate the system's performance: one focused on the object detection model's accuracy, achieving high precision and recall rates of 93.5% and 82.2%, respectively, while the other assessed the system's real-world applicability and mobile app functionality [6]. The results indicate robust child detection capabilities and reliable alerting mechanisms. By addressing limitations such as environmental factors and usability, our project strives to enhance child safety near swimming pools, offering a valuable contribution to the field of safety technology [7].
9
Safiullin, R. T., e E. I. Chalysheva. "CULTURE OF EIMERIA SPP. OOCYSTS OF TURKEY POULTS AND THEIR SPECIES IDENTIFICATION". In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.414-419.
Abstract (sommario):
In our country, in recent years, much attention has been paid to the development of
poultry meat production, especially turkey breeding. In the conditions of industrial
turkey breeding, when a large number of poultry is kept in a limited area, there is a
high risk of parasitic diseases, one of which is eimeriosis. Knowledge of the species
composition of Eimeria on a particular poultry farm is of great practical importance
for the reasonable development of effective methods to control invasion and to
monitor Eimeria resistance to the drugs used. Eimeria species were identified after
the end of sporulation. To assess the course of sporulation of Eimeria oocysts during
their cultivation, at least 500 oocysts were examined from each Petri dish every six
hours under a high magnification microscope (x400) paying special attention to
their morphology. When examining and studying litter samples 24 hours after they
were put on cultivation, sporulated Eimeria oocysts of turkeys were detected in all six
dishes in 37.8% to 60.6% of those examined, and the average rate was 51.6%. At 48
hours after the start of cultivation, the average Eimeria sporulation rate was 83.4%.
The results of species identification of Eimeria oocysts showed that the following
Eimeria species were found in young turkeys on the poultry farm of the Tula Region:
Eimeria meleagrimitis (60.0%), E. gallopavonis (25.0%), E. meleagridis (10.0%), and
E. adenoides (5.0%).
10
Apanasevich, M. V., K. M. Kirilenko, A. A. Kokhanenko, G. N. Artemov, V. A. Burlak, M. K. Haidara e S. S. Alekseeva. "STUDY OF THE BACTERIAL DIVERSITY OF INTESTINAL, SPERMATHECA AND OVARIAN IN MALARIAL MOSQUITOES ANOPHELES BEKLEMISHEVI, AN. MESSAE AND AN. DACIAE AT DIFFERENT FEEDING STAGES OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF WESTERN SIBERIA". In X Международная конференция молодых ученых: биоинформатиков, биотехнологов, биофизиков, вирусологов и молекулярных биологов — 2023. Novosibirsk State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-288.
Abstract (sommario):
Malarial mosquitoes are carriers of a number of dangerous transmissible viral, bacterial, helminthic and protozoal diseases. In connection with this, one of the priority directions in the fight against natural focal infections is the study of bacterial diversity. The paper presents the results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing from 17 pools, which were formed based on the species, organ, and feeding stage of the malarial mosquitoes.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Onde de pouls":
1
Cao, Larry. Introductory Material. CFA Institute Research Foundation, marzo 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56227/23.1.6.
Abstract (sommario):
One size does not fit all when it comes to AI and big data integration into the investment process. This handbook provides a menu of applications that work. Professionals may choose the applications that suit their strategies, product lineups, and talent pools. These introductory materials set in context the relevance and applicability of this work for investment professionals.
2
He, Xihua. PR-015-113601-Z01 Enhancement and Validation of Internal Corrosion Threat Guidelines-Phase 1. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), gennaio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010804.
Abstract (sommario):
This study collected and analyzed more field data to enhance the probabilistic model for predicting internal corrosion threats in nominally dry natural gas pipelines developed previously, especially in the region where the internal corrosion risk is higher. The Excel� tool developed previously was also updated with the enhanced model for predicting internal corrosion risk based on basic operating conditions, (i.e., average gas operating temperature, seasonal gas operating temperature amplitude, and operating pressure). In this project, a general-purpose Excel tool was created to allow calculation of residual hydrotest water evaporation time for one or more liquid water pools located in low spots in the pipeline based on water volume, pipe low spot geometry, and gas flow conditions. Another Excel tool also was developed to predict water stream length when gas from the inlet branch line at higher temperature injects water stream into the main gas transmission pipeline and the time to reach steady state condition before the water is completely evaporated for many types of pipeline scenarios.
3
He, Xihua. PR015-183601-Z01 Enhancement of Internal Corrosion Threat Guidelines for Dry Natural Gas Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), luglio 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011607.
Abstract (sommario):
This study collected and analyzed more field data to enhance the probabilistic model for predicting internal corrosion threats in nominally dry natural gas pipelines developed previously, especially in the region where the internal corrosion risk is higher. The Excel� tool developed previously was also updated with the enhanced model for predicting internal corrosion risk based on basic operating conditions, (i.e., average gas operating temperature, seasonal gas operating temperature amplitude, and operating pressure). In this project, a general-purpose Excel tool was created to allow calculation of residual hydrotest water evaporation time for one or more liquid water pools located in low spots in the pipeline based on water volume, pipe low spot geometry, and gas flow conditions. Another Excel tool also was developed to predict water stream length when gas from the inlet branch line at higher temperature injects water stream into the main gas transmission pipeline and the time to reach steady state condition before the water is completely evaporated for many types of pipeline scenarios.
4
Rine, Kristin, Roger Christopherson e Jason Ransom. Harlequin duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) occurrence and habitat selection in North Cascades National Park Service Complex, Washington. National Park Service, aprile 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293127.
Abstract (sommario):
Harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) are sea ducks that migrate inland each spring to nest along fast-flowing mountain streams. They are considered one of the most imperiled duck species in North America and occur in two distinct populations on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. The Pacific coast population includes Washington State, where harlequin ducks breed in the Olympic, Cascade, and Selkirk Mountains. This species is designated as a Management Priority Species by the National Park Service within North Cascades National Park Service Complex (NOCA). This report summarizes harlequin duck surveys conducted during 15 years across a 27-year period (1990 and 2017) on major streams within NOCA, and incidental observations collected from 1968–2021. The primary objectives of these surveys were to 1) document the distribution and abundance of harlequin duck observations within NOCA boundaries, 2) describe productivity (number of broods and brood size), 3) describe breeding chronology of harlequin ducks, and 4) describe habitat characteristics of breeding streams. Sixty-eight stream surveys over 15 years resulted in observations of 623 individual harlequin ducks comprising various demographics, including single adults, pairs, and broods. In addition, we collected 184 incidental observations of harlequin ducks from visitors and staff between 1968–2021. Harlequin ducks were observed on 22 separate second- to sixth-order streams throughout NOCA across the entire 53-year span of data, both incidentally and during harlequin duck surveys by Park staff. Harlequin ducks were detected on 8 of the 13 streams that were actively surveyed. Excluding recounts, 88.7% (n = 330) of individual harlequin duck observations during surveys occurred in the Stehekin River drainage. Between all surveys and incidental observations, 135 unpaired females without broods were sighted across all NOCA waterways. Thirty-nine broods were recorded between NOCA surveys and incidental observations, with a mean brood size of 3.61 (± 1.44 SD; range = 2–10). Breeding pairs were recorded as early as April 5 and were seen on streams until June 15, a period of less than seven weeks (median: May 2), but most pairs were observed within a 3-week span, between April 26 and May 17. Single females (unpaired with a male, with (an)other female(s), or with a brood) were observed on streams between April 26 and August 25 (median: July 3), though most observations were made within a 5-week period between June 12 and July 19. Habitat data collected at adult harlequin duck observation sites indicate that the birds often used stream reaches with features that are characteristic of high-energy running water. While adults occupied all instream habitat types identified, non-braided rapids and riffles were used most frequently, followed by pools and backwaters. Larger instream substrate sizes (cobbles and boulders) were present at most observation sites. Adult harlequin ducks were more often found at locations that lacked visible drifting or lodged woody debris, but drift debris was a slightly more abundant debris type. The presence of gravel bars and at least one loafing site was common. Adult harlequin ducks were more often observed in association with vegetation that offered some cover over the channel, but not where banks were undercut. The average channel width at adult observation sites was 34.0 m (range: 6-80 m; n = 114) and 27.6 m (± 15.7 m; range: 10-60 m; n = 12) at brood observation sites. Compared to adult harlequin duck sites, broods were observed more frequently in low velocity habitat (pools, backwaters), but rarely in rapids. Cobble and boulder substrates were still the most dominant substrate type. Contrary to adult ducks, broods were observed most often observed in meandering stream channels, a morphology indicative of low gradient, low velocity stream reaches. Most broods were observed in stream reaches with gravel bars, loafing sites, and...
5
Nikula, Blair, e Robert Cook. Status and distribution of Odonates at Cape Cod National Seashore. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303254.
Abstract (sommario):
Odonates are significant components of most wetland habitats and important indicators of their health. At Cape Cod National Seashore (CACO), we compiled odonate records dating back to the 1980s and, based partly on that data, identified 41 wetland sites for sampling, representing six freshwater habitats (kettle pond, inter-dune pond, dune slack, riparian marsh, vernal pool, and bog). We surveyed these sites for adult odonates during the 2016?2018 field seasons. Ten sites were surveyed all three years (total 19-20 surveys/site); all ten had at least some historical data. The remaining 31 sites were surveyed for one field season, a total of 6-8 times each. We conducted 391 surveys, recording 53,435 individuals and 74 species (45 dragonflies and 29 damselflies); not all individuals were identified to species. Abundance and species richness varied significantly between habitats. For all individuals recorded, abundance was greatest at vernal pools and kettle ponds. Riparian sites had the lowest abundance. Species richness was highest at kettle ponds, including several species of conservation concern, two listed as Threatened by the state of Massachusetts. Riparian marshes and dune slacks had relatively low richness. Among the 10 sites surveyed three years, we found significant annual variation in abundance and species richness. There was significant and generally greater between-site variation in abundance within a year than between years at sites. Community analysis found pond depth, habitat type, and presence of predaceous fish were significant factors explaining between-site variation in community composition. Habitats also differed significantly in community composition. Multidimensional scaling showed sites tend to cluster together by habitat type. Vernal ponds have the highest average community similarity to all other habitats (53.5%), with dune slack (52.9%), bog (52.0%) and inter-dune (51.5%) close behind. In contrast, riparian sites (46.3%) and kettle ponds (39.5%) are least similar to other habitats. Overall, 86 species of odonates have been recorded at CACO, a rich and diverse assemblage reflecting the variety and quality of freshwater habitats present. Although these habitats are relatively well-protected, stressors include climate change, nutrient inflow from adjacent development, road runoff, and trampling of emergent vegetation. A plan for monitoring is beyond the scope of this project. Ideally, it would be best to use the insight into odonate variation obtained from these surveys to develop a monitoring program designed to meet standards of statistical confidence and power currently employed in NPS monitoring programs.
6
Steudlein, Armin, Besrat Alemu, T. Matthew Evans, Steven Kramer, Jonathan Stewart, Kristin Ulmer e Katerina Ziotopoulou. PEER Workshop on Liquefaction Susceptibility. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, maggio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/bpsk6314.
Abstract (sommario):
Seismic ground failure potential from liquefaction is generally undertaken in three steps. First, a susceptibility evaluation determines if the soil in a particular layer is in a condition where liquefaction triggering could potentially occur. This is followed by a triggering evaluation to estimate the likelihood of triggering given anticipated seismic demands, environmental conditions pertaining to the soil layer (e.g., its depth relative to the ground water table), and the soil state. For soils where triggering can be anticipated, the final step involves assessments of the potential for ground failure and its impact on infrastructure systems. This workshop was dedicated to the first of these steps, which often plays a critical role in delineating risk for soil deposits with high fines contents and clay-silt-sand mixtures of negligible to moderate plasticity. The workshop was hosted at Oregon State University on September 8-9, 2022 and was attended by 49 participants from the research, practice, and regulatory communities. Through pre-workshop polls, extended abstracts, workshop presentations, and workshop breakout discussions, it was demonstrated that leaders in the liquefaction community do not share a common understanding of the term “susceptibility” as applied to liquefaction problems. The primary distinction between alternate views concerns whether environmental conditions and soil state provide relevant information for a susceptibility evaluation, or if susceptibility is a material characteristic. For example, a clean, dry, dense sand in a region of low seismicity is very unlikely to experience triggering of liquefaction and would be considered not susceptible by adherents of a definition that considers environmental conditions and state. The alternative, and recommended, definition focusing on material susceptibility would consider the material as susceptible and would defer consideration of saturation, state, and loading effects to a separate triggering analysis. This material susceptibility definition has the advantage of maintaining a high degree of independence between the parameters considered in the susceptibility and triggering phases of the ground failure analysis. There exist differences between current methods for assessing material susceptibility – the databases include varying amount of test data, the materials considered are distinct (from different regions) and have been tested using different procedures, and the models can be interpreted as providingdifferent outcomes in some cases. The workshop reached a clear consensus that new procedures are needed that are developed using a new research approach. The recommended approach involves assembling a database of information from sites for which in situ test data are available (borings with samples, CPTs), cyclic test data are available from high-quality specimens, and a range of index tests are available for important layers. It is not necessary that the sites have experienced earthquake shaking for which field performance is known, although such information is of interest where available. A considerable amount of data of this type are available from prior research studies and detailed geotechnical investigations for project sites by leading geotechnical consultants. Once assembled and made available, this data would allow for the development of models to predict the probability of material susceptibility given various independent variables (e.g., in-situ tests indices, laboratory index parameters) and the epistemic uncertainty of the predictions. Such studies should be conducted in an open, transparent manner utilizing a shared database, which is a hallmark of the Next Generation Liquefaction (NGL) project.
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Malkinson, Mertyn, Irit Davidson, Moshe Kotler e Richard L. Witter. Epidemiology of Avian Leukosis Virus-subtype J Infection in Broiler Breeder Flocks of Poultry and its Eradication from Pedigree Breeding Stock. United States Department of Agriculture, marzo 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586459.bard.
Abstract (sommario):
Objectives 1. Establish diagnostic procedures to identify tolerant carrier birds based on a) Isolation of ALV-J from blood, b) Detection of group-specific antigen in cloacal swabs and egg albumen. Application of these procedures to broiler breeder flocks with the purpose of removing virus positive birds from the breeding program. 2. Survey the AL V-J infection status of foundation lines to estimate the feasibility of the eradication program 3. Investigate virus transmission through the embryonated egg (vertical) and between chicks in the early post-hatch period (horizontal). Establish a model for limiting horizontal spread by analyzing parameters operative in the hatchery and brooder house. 4. Compare the pathogenicity of AL V-J isolates for broiler chickens. 5. Determine whether AL V-J poses a human health hazard by examining its replication in mammalian and human cells. Revisions. The: eradication objective had to be terminated in the second year following the closing down of the Poultry Breeders Union (PBU) in Israel. This meant that their foundation flocks ceased to be available for selection. Instead, the following topics were investigated: a) Comparison of commercial breeding flocks with and without myeloid leukosis (matched controls) for viremia and serum antibody levels. b) Pathogenicity of Israeli isolates for turkey poults. c) Improvement of a diagnostic ELISA kit for measuring ALV-J antibodies Background. ALV-J, a novel subgroup of the avian leukosis virus family, was first isolated in 1988 from broiler breeders presenting myeloid leukosis (ML). The extent of its spread among commercial breeding flocks was not appreciated until the disease appeared in the USA in 1994 when it affected several major breeding companies almost simultaneously. In Israel, ML was diagnosed in 1996 and was traced to grandparent flocks imported in 1994-5, and by 1997-8, ML was present in one third of the commercial breeding flocks It was then realized that ALV-J transmission was following a similar pattern to that of other exogenous ALVs but because of its unusual genetic composition, the virus was able to establish an extended tolerant state in infected birds. Although losses from ML in affected flocks were somewhat higher than normal, both immunosuppression and depressed growth rates were encountered in affected broiler flocks and affected their profitability. Conclusions. As a result of the contraction in the number of international primary broiler breeders and exchange of male and female lines among them, ALV-J contamination of broiler breeder flocks affected the broiler industry worldwide within a short time span. The Israeli national breeding company (PBU) played out this scenario and presented us with an opportunity to apply existing information to contain the virus. This BARD project, based on the Israeli experience and with the aid of the ADOL collaborative effort, has managed to offer solutions for identifying and eliminating infected birds based on exhaustive virological and serological tests. The analysis of factors that determine the efficiency of horizontal transmission of virus in the hatchery resulted in the workable solution of raising young chicks in small groups through the brooder period. These results were made available to primary breeders as a strategy for reducing viral transmission. Based on phylogenetic analysis of selected Israeli ALV-J isolates, these could be divided into two groups that reflected the countries of origin of the grandparent stock. Implications. The availability of a simple and reliable means of screening day old chicks for vertical transmission is highly desirable in countries that rely on imported breeding stock for their broiler industry. The possibility that AL V-J may be transmitted to human consumers of broiler meat was discounted experimentally.
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Ficht, Thomas, Gary Splitter, Menachem Banai e Menachem Davidson. Characterization of B. Melinensis REV 1 Attenuated Mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580667.bard.
Abstract (sommario):
Brucella Mutagenesis (TAMU) The working hypothesis for this study was that survival of Brucella vaccines was directly related to their persistence in the host. This premise is based on previously published work detailing the survival of the currently employed vaccine strains S19 and Rev 1. The approach employed signature-tagged mutagenesis to construct mutants interrupted in individual genes, and the mouse model to identify mutants with attenuated virulence/survival. Intracellular survival in macrophages is the key to both reproductive disease in ruminants and reticuloendothelial disease observed in most other species. Therefore, the mouse model permitted selection of mutants of reduced intracellular survival that would limit their ability to cause reproductive disease in ruminants. Several classes of mutants were expected. Colonization/invasion requires gene products that enhance host-agent interaction or increase resistance to antibacterial activity in macrophages. The establishment of chronic infection requires gene products necessary for intracellular bacterial growth. Maintenance of chronic infection requires gene products that sustain a low-level metabolism during periods characterized little or no growth (1, 2). Of these mutants, the latter group was of greatest interest with regard to our originally stated premise. However, the results obtained do not necessarily support a simplistic model of vaccine efficacy, i.e., long-survival of vaccine strains provides better immunity. Our conclusion can only be that optimal vaccines will only be developed with a thorough understanding of host agent interaction, and will be preferable to the use of fortuitous isolates of unknown genetic background. Each mutant could be distinguished from among a group of mutants by PCR amplification of the signature tag (5). This approach permitted infection of mice with pools of different mutants (including the parental wild-type as a control) and identified 40 mutants with apparently defective survival characteristics that were tentatively assigned to three distinct classes or groups. Group I (n=13) contained organisms that exhibited reduced survival at two weeks post-infection. Organisms in this group were recovered at normal levels by eight weeks and were not studied further, since they may persist in the host. Group II (n=11) contained organisms that were reduced by 2 weeks post infection and remained at reduced levels at eight weeks post-infection. Group III (n=16) contained mutants that were normal at two weeks, but recovered at reduced levels at eight weeks. A subset of these mutants (n= 15) was confirmed to be attenuated in mixed infections (1:1) with the parental wild-type. One of these mutants was eliminated from consideration due to a reduced growth rate in vitro that may account for its apparent growth defect in the mouse model. Although the original plan involved construction of the mutant bank in B. melitensis Rev 1 the low transformability of this strain, prevented accumulation of the necessary number of mutants. In addition, the probability that Rev 1 already carries one genetic defect increases the likelihood that a second defect will severely compromise the survival of this organism. Once key genes have been identified, it is relatively easy to prepare the appropriate genetic constructs (knockouts) lacking these genes in B. melitensis Rev 1 or any other genetic background. The construction of "designer" vaccines is expected to improve immune protection resulting from minor sequence variation corresponding to geographically distinct isolates or to design vaccines for use in specific hosts. A.2 Mouse Model of Brucella Infection (UWISC) Interferon regulatory factor-1-deficient (IRF-1-/- mice have diverse immunodeficient phenotypes that are necessary for conferring proper immune protection to intracellular bacterial infection, such as a 90% reduction of CD8+ T cells, functionally impaired NK cells, as well as a deficiency in iNOS and IL-12p40 induction. Interestingly, IRF-1-/- mice infected with diverse Brucella abortus strains reacted differently in a death and survival manner depending on the dose of injection and the level of virulence. Notably, 50% of IRF-1-/- mice intraperitoneally infected with a sublethal dose in C57BL/6 mice, i.e., 5 x 105 CFU of virulent S2308 or the attenuated vaccine S19, died at 10 and 20 days post-infection, respectively. Interestingly, the same dose of RB51, an attenuated new vaccine strain, did not induce the death of IRF-1-/- mice for the 4 weeks of infection. IRF-1-/- mice infected with four more other genetically manipulated S2308 mutants at 5 x 105 CFU also reacted in a death or survival manner depending on the level of virulence. Splenic CFU from C57BL/6 mice infected with 5 x 105 CFU of S2308, S19, or RB51, as well as four different S2308 mutants supports the finding that reduced virulence correlates with survival Of IRF-1-/- mice. Therefore, these results suggest that IRF-1 regulation of multi-gene transcription plays a crucial role in controlling B. abortus infection, and IRF-1 mice could be used as an animal model to determine the degree of B. abortus virulence by examining death or survival. A3 Diagnostic Tests for Detection of B. melitensis Rev 1 (Kimron) In this project we developed an effective PCR tool that can distinguish between Rev1 field isolates and B. melitensis virulent field strains. This has allowed, for the first time, to monitor epidemiological outbreaks of Rev1 infection in vaccinated flocks and to clearly demonstrate horizontal transfer of the strain from vaccinated ewes to unvaccinated ones. Moreover, two human isolates were characterized as Rev1 isolates implying the risk of use of improperly controlled lots of the vaccine in the national campaign. Since atypical B. melitensis biotype 1 strains have been characterized in Israel, the PCR technique has unequivocally demonstrated that strain Rev1 has not diverted into a virulent mutant. In addition, we could demonstrate that very likely a new prototype biotype 1 strain has evolved in the Middle East compared to the classical strain 16M. All the Israeli field strains have been shown to differ from strain 16M in the PstI digestion profile of the omp2a gene sequence suggesting that the local strains were possibly developed as a separate branch of B. melitensis. Should this be confirmed these data suggest that the Rev1 vaccine may not be an optimal vaccine strain for the Israeli flocks as it shares the same omp2 PstI digestion profile as strain 16M.