Bibliografie tematiche / Ohio. Constitutional Convention (1850-1851)

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Ohio. Constitutional Convention (1850-1851)"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 25 luglio 2024

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Ohio. Constitutional Convention (1850-1851)"

Heckelman, Jac C., e John Dinan. "Don’t You be My Neighbor: Support for Racial-Exclusion Constitutional Provisions in Mid-19th Century Indiana and Illinois". American Politics Research 49, n. 5 (24 maggio 2021): 504–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532673x211015346.

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Racially discriminatory provisions in the U.S. Constitution and southern state constitutions have been extensively analyzed, but insufficient attention has been brought to these provisions when included in northern state constitutions. We examine constitutional provisions excluding blacks from entering the state that were adopted by various northern states in the mid-19th Century. Previous scholarship has focused on the statements and votes of the convention delegates who framed these provisions. However, positions taken by delegates need not have aligned with the views of their constituents. Delegates to state constitutional conventions held in Illinois in 1847, Indiana in 1850 and 1851, and Oregon in 1857 opted to submit to voters racial-exclusion provisions separate from the vote to approve the rest of the constitution. We exploit this institutional feature by using county-level election returns in Illinois and Indiana to test claims about the importance of partisan affiliation, religious denomination, social-welfare policy concerns, labor competition, and racial-threat theory in motivating popular support for entrenching racially discriminatory policies in constitutions. We find greater levels of support for racial exclusion in areas where Democratic candidates polled better and in areas closer to slave-holding states where social-welfare policy concerns would be heightened. We find lower levels of support for racial exclusion in areas (in Indiana) with greater concentrations of Quakers. Our findings are not consistent with labor competition or racial-threat theories.

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Libri sul tema "Ohio. Constitutional Convention (1850-1851)"

Steinglass, Steven H., e Gino J. Scarselli. The Ohio State Constitution. 2^a ed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197619728.001.0001.

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Abstract The Ohio Constitution begins with a detailed essay on the history of the Ohio Constitution, including the prestatehood Northwest Ordinance and the 1802 Constitution, which resulted in Ohio’s admission as the seventeenth state in the union. Detailed attention is given to the state and national politics surrounding Ohio’s admission to the union, the consideration of African American rights, the emergence of a legislative-dominated state government, and Ohio’s 1807 impeachment/judicial review controversy. The political and economic events leading to Ohio’s 1851 Constitution, Ohio’s current constitution, are covered in depth. The chapters also review the work of the Progressive-era 1912 Constitutional Convention, which resulted in the adoption of thirty-four amendments, including the initiative/referendum and home rule. Finally, the chapters cover the use of the initiative to amend the constitution since 1913, the modern efforts to use commissions to revise the constitution, and the emergence of the new judicial federalism in Ohio. In addition to the historical essay, the book contains detailed commentaries on 220+ sections of the constitution, and each of the nineteen articles begins with a general discussion of the article.

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Smith, J. Victor. Report of the Debates and Proceedings of the Convention for the Revision of the Constitution of the State of Ohio, 1850-51; Volume 2. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.

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Convention, Ohio Constitutional, e J. Victor Smith. Report Of The Debates And Proceedings Of The Convention For The Revision Of The Constitution Of The State Of Ohio, 1850-51, Volume 2. Arkose Press, 2015.

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Smith, J. Victor. Report of the Debates and Proceedings of the Convention for the Revision of the Constitution of the State of Ohio, 1850-51; Volume 2. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Ohio. Constitutional Convention (1850-1851)"

Steinglass, Steven H., e Gino J. Scarselli. "Education". In The Ohio State Constitution, 331—C6.P122. 2^a ed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197619728.003.0008.

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Abstract Article VI addresses the powers of the state concerning education. Ohio’s earliest constitutional documents contain references to the importance of education. In the 1785 Land Ordinance the Confederation, Congress set aside land in the Northwest Territory for the creation and support of schools, and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 promised that “schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged.” The 1802 Ohio Constitution included a provision that reiterated verbatim the promise of the Northwest Ordinance that “religion, morality and knowledge, being essentially necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of instruction shall forever be encouraged by legislative provision, not inconsistent with the rights of conscience.” The 1851 Constitution did not include these provisions concerning access to education, but the delegates to the 1850–51 Constitutional Convention recognized the importance of education and included a separate article on the subject. The 1851 Constitution included provisions requiring the state to establish a system of common or public schools. And the 1912 Constitutional Convention proposed (and the voters approved) provisions giving the state administrative control of education and thus completed the constitutional agenda of the common school movement. The duty of the state to provide a “thorough and efficient system of common schools” has been a controversial issue and has involved contentious litigation.

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Steinglass, Steven H., e Gino J. Scarselli. "Amendments". In The Ohio State Constitution, 517—C16.P52. 2^a ed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197619728.003.0018.

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Abstract Article XVI contains two of the three ways the Ohio Constitution can be amended. Under this article, proposed constitutional amendments can be submitted to the voters by the General Assembly or by a constitutional convention, which may be called at any time by a two-thirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly or by an affirmative vote on a mandatory statewide referendum every twenty years. The third way, by initiative petition, is described in Article II. The 1851 Constitution allowed the General Assembly to submit amendments directly to the voters, but until the 1912 amendments to this article, amendments proposed by the General Assembly (but not by conventions) had to be approved by a majority of all persons voting in the election rather than by a simple majority of those voting on the amendments.

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Steinglass, Steven H., e Gino J. Scarselli. "Introduction". In The Ohio State Constitution, 3—C0.N367. 2^a ed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197619728.003.0001.

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Abstract This book begins with a detailed essay on the history of the Ohio Constitution, including the prestatehood Ordinance of 1787 (i.e., the Northwest Ordinance), the adoption of the 1802 Constitution, which resulted in Ohio’s admission as the seventeenth state in the union, and the adoption of the 1851 Constitution, Ohio’s current constitution. Detailed attention is given to the thirty-four amendments that have their origins in the work of the Progressive-era 1912 Constitutional Convention; this includes the initiative and referendum and the home rule amendment. The essay also covers the modern efforts to use commissions to revise the constitution, stare decisis, judicial selection, and the emergence of the new judicial federalism in Ohio.

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Steinglass, Steven H., e Gino J. Scarselli. "Legislative". In The Ohio State Constitution, 191—C2.P520. 2^a ed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197619728.003.0004.

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Abstract Article II outlines the structure and powers of the legislative branch of Ohio government. The 1802 Constitution established a bicameral General Assembly, but the Jeffersonian Republicans, who dominated Ohio’s first constitutional convention, vested near-absolute power in the legislative branch. Under the 1802 Constitution, the General Assembly appointed the judges of the Supreme Court and the courts of common pleas. It also appointed all executive branch officers other than the governor and, in the absence of a gubernatorial veto, had complete control over legislation. The framers of the 1851 Ohio Constitution placed restrictions on the power of the General Assembly by limiting its power to make appropriations, by requiring that laws of general nature have uniform application, and by eliminating most of the General Assembly’s appointment power. And other provisions of the 1851 Constitution further limited the powers of the General Assembly by restricting the powers to incur debt (Art. VIII), to tax (Art. XII), and to grant special privileges to corporations (Art. XIII). Article II also contains provisions for the governor’s veto power, which was granted in 1903, and for the initiative and referendum, which was added in 1912. In 1973, following recommendations made by the Ohio Constitutional Revision Commission, the General Assembly proposed a significant reorganization of this article, which the voters approved that same year.

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Steinglass, Steven H., e Gino J. Scarselli. "Executive". In The Ohio State Constitution, 271—C3.P145. 2^a ed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197619728.003.0005.

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Abstract Article III establishes the executive branch, which consists of a governor and key executive offices. The executive branch has undergone significant changes since its creation in 1802, particularly in the powers exercised by the governor. After their experience with the autocratic rule of Northwest Territorial Governor Arthur St. Clair, the Jeffersonians, who dominated the 1802 Constitutional Convention, created an executive branch that had little influence over state government. Under the 1802 Constitution, the governor had the power only to issue pardons, to appoint the adjutant general of the state militia, and to fill certain vacancies in executive offices when the General Assembly was in recess. Although the governor served as commander-in-chief of the state militia, the governor could not veto acts of the legislature. The 1851 Constitution expanded the governor’s powers to make appointments and fill vacancies in executive offices, but the governor did not get the veto power until the voters approved an amendment in 1903. In 1976, the voters approved a major reorganization of this article proposed by the General Assembly and based on the recommendations of the Ohio Constitutional Revision Commission.

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Steinglass, Steven H., e Gino J. Scarselli. "Public Debt and Public Works". In The Ohio State Constitution, 357—C8.P472. 2^a ed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197619728.003.0010.

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Abstract Article VIII on public debt and public works is the longest and most frequently amended article in the Ohio Constitution. The delegates to the 1850–51 Convention proposed this article to ensure that the state would never again face a debt crisis like the one that resulted from the construction of the state’s transportation system beginning in 1825. The delegates did this by imposing a $750,000 limitation on the amount of state debt, by restricting the entanglement of public and private money, and by prohibiting expenditures for internal improvements. The article also prohibits the state from giving or loaning its credit to any association or corporation or becoming a joint owner of any company. There are exceptions to the debt limitation in cases involving military invasions and other emergencies. And over the years, the voters have overridden the debt limitation by adopting amendments to permit the issuance of bonds above the limitation for veteran benefits and for a broad array of capital improvement and economic development projects. Ohio, like nearly every other state, has a balanced budget requirement, but this requirement applies to operating budgets and not to expenditures for capital expenditures such as highway and housing construction, conservation, revitalization of natural resources, economic development, and technology support. To raise funds for these nonoperating items (including bonds for veteran bonuses), Ohio typically issues general obligation bonds that are backed by the full faith and credit of the state, but Ohio also issues revenue bonds that the state does not guarantee.

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