Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Observations aléatoires"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Observations aléatoires"
Lamarre, Hélène, e André G. Roy. "Organisation morphologique des blocs et des amas de galets dans les cours d’eau à lit de gravier". Géographie physique et Quaternaire 55, n. 3 (15 ottobre 2003): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006855ar.
Testo completoDUCROCQ, V. "Les bases de la génétique quantitative : Du modèle génétique au modèle statistique". INRAE Productions Animales 5, HS (29 dicembre 1992): 75–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1992.5.hs.4266.
Testo completoBoussidi, Brahim, Ronan Fablet, Emmanuelle Autret e Bertrand Chapron. "Accroissement stochastique de la résolution spatiale des traceurs géophysiques de l'océan: application aux observations satellitaires de la température de surface de l'océan". Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, n. 202 (16 aprile 2014): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2013.52.
Testo completoLouche, B., e V. Hallet. "Détermination de la structure tectonique de l'aquifère crayeux du littoral Nord Pas-de-Calais par prospection géophysique couplée à des observations par forage. Conséquence sur la répartition d'eau salée". Revue des sciences de l'eau 14, n. 3 (12 aprile 2005): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705420ar.
Testo completoMarine, Emmanuel. "Delete library ? Quelques observations sur l’usager d’une bibliothèque au sein d’un réseau social aléatoire". La Revue de la BNU, n. 17 (23 maggio 2018): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rbnu.287.
Testo completoPeneff, Jean. "Mesure et contrôle des observations dans le travail de terrain. L'exemple des professions de service". Sociétés contemporaines 21, n. 1 (1 luglio 1995): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/soco.p1995.21n1.0119.
Testo completoHarmand, Jean-Michel, Mama Ntoupka, Bertrand Mathieu, Clément Forkong Njiti, Jean-Marie Tapsou, Jean-Christophe Bois, Philippe Thaler e Régis Peltier. "Production de gomme arabique en plantations d'acacia senegal en zone soudanienne du Cameroun : Effet du climat, du sol, de la date d'incision et de la provenance des arbres". BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 311, n. 311 (1 marzo 2012): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2012.311.a20507.
Testo completoOndh-Obame, Jean Alban, Auguste Ndoutoume Ndong, Pamphile Nguema Ndoutoumou, Priscilla Chancia Mindze Assembe, Ignace Davy Mendoume Minko e Kowir Pambo Bello. "Prévalence du Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) dans la zone de Ntoum au Gabon". International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, n. 3 (18 giugno 2020): 739–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i3.8.
Testo completoNZIGOU BOUCKA, Farrel, Conan Vassily OBAME, Francis MANFOUMBI, Armel NZUE MBA, Michel NGUI ONDO, Vanessa OVONO e Aboubakar MAMBIMBA NDJOUNGUI. "Cartographie de l’occupation du sol du Gabon en 2015 - changements entre 2010 et 2015". Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection 223 (11 ottobre 2021): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52638/rfpt.2021.567.
Testo completoMouchili, Idrissa Nchouwat, e Benoît Mougoué. "Causes de la Prolifération des Quartiers à Habitat Précaire à Yaoundé". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 19, n. 14 (31 maggio 2023): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2023.v19n14p91.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Observations aléatoires"
Bourmani, Sabrina. "Binary decision for observations with unknown distribution : an optimal and invariance-based framework". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0173.
Testo completoDuring my thesis, we took interest in decision problems where signals are assumed to be stochastic with unknown distributions. In standard literature, such an assumption does not allow to seek solutions that guarantees a certain optimality. At least, aside from the RDT framework developed a few years ago in our laboratory. Hence, we took interest in the philosophy behind the RDT framework, and we follow the same guidelines concerning the unknown distribution of the signal. Apart from our optimality purposes, we also have an invariance based perspective in how we intend to solve this type of decision problems. Indeed, when there are uncertainties about the signal of interest, we can try to derive solutions that are invariant towards them. These are the two key notions we consider throughout our investigations. In this manuscript, first, we apply the RDT framework for a distributed decision to test its suitability to such decision scenarios where the signal of interest is random of unknown distribution and where the observations are collected by a network of sensors instead of just one sensor. Then, we generalise the theoretical material of the RDT framework to when the noise is not necessary Gaussian while still considering the signal of interest random of unknown distribution. Finally, we adopt an asymptotic outlook to circumvent the limitations of the RDT and the developed GRDT approach. Although the considered decision scenarios concern unconditional models in the simple case of deterministic signals, it allows to think ahead of the eventual upcoming generalisations in the asymptotic scope
Corsi, Marco. "Evaluation et optimisation de portefeuille dans un modèle de diffusion avec sauts en observations partielles : aspects théoriques et numériques". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077038.
Testo completoThis thesis investigates some aspects of the portfolio optimization under incomplete observation. The work is organized in three parts that analyze the following topics: Part 1. Portfolio optimization under partial observation in a jump-diffusion model. Part 2 Indifference price under partial observations in a jump-diffusion model. Part 3 Numerical approximation by quantization of discrete time control problems under partial observations and applications in finance. In the first two parts we consider the case of continuous time observation while in the third one we analyze the case of discrete time observation
Iufereva, Olga. "Algorithmes de filtrage avec les observations distribuées par Poisson". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04720020.
Testo completoFiltering theory basically relates to optimal state estimation in stochastic dynamical systems, particularly when faced with partial and noisy data. This field, closely intertwined with control theory, focuses on designing estimators doing real-time computation while maintaining an acceptable level of accuracy as measured by the mean square error. The necessity for such estimates becomes increasingly critical with the proliferation of network-controlled systems, such as autonomous vehicles and complex industrial processes, where the observation processes are subject to randomness in transmission and this gives rise to varying information patterns under which the estimation must be carried out.This thesis addresses the important task of state estimation in continuous-time stochastic dynamical systems when the observation process is available only at some discrete time instants governed by a random process. By adapting classical estimation methods, we derive equations for optimal state estimator, explore their properties and practicality, and propose and evaluates sub-optimal alternatives, showcasing parallels to the existing techniques within the classical estimation domain when applied to Poisson-distributed observation processes.The study covers three classes of mathematical models for the continuous-time dynamical system and the discrete observation process. First, we consider Ito-stochastic differential equations with Lipschitz drift terms and constant diffusion coefficient, whereas the lower-dimensional discrete observation process comprises the nonlinear mapping of the state and additive Gaussian noise. We propose easy-to-implement continuous-discrete suboptimal state estimators for this system class. Assuming that a Poisson counter governs discrete times at which the observations are available, we compute the expectation or error covariance process. Analysis is carried out to provide conditions for boundedness of the error covariance process, as well as, the dependence on the mean sampling rate.Secondly, we consider the dynamical systems described by continuous-time Markov chains with finite state space, and the observation process is obtained by discretizing a conventional stochastic process driven by a Wiener process. For this case, the $L_1$-convergence of the derived optimal estimator to the classical (purely continuous) optimal estimator (Wonham filter) is shown with respect to increasing intensity of Poisson processes.Lastly, we study continuous-discrete particle filters for Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes with discrete observations described by linear functions of state and additive Gaussian noise. Particle filters have gained a lot of interest for state estimation in large-scale models with noisy measurements where the computation of optimal gain is either computationally expensive or not entirely feasible due to complexity of the dynamics. In this thesis, we propose continuous-discrete McKean–Vlasov type diffusion processes, which serve as the mean-field model for describing the particle dynamics. We study several kinds of mean-field processes depending on how the noise terms are included in mimicking the state process and the observation model. The resulting particles are coupled through empirical covariances which are updated at discrete times with the arrival of new observations. With appropriate analysis of the first and second moments, we show that under certain conditions on system parameters, the performance of the particle filters approaches the optimal filter as the number of particles gets larger
Randon-Furling, Julien. "Statistiques d'extrêmes du mouvement brownien et applications". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00524212.
Testo completoTabouy, Timothée. "Impact de l’échantillonnage sur l’inférence de structures dans les réseaux : application aux réseaux d’échanges de graines et à l’écologie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS289/document.
Testo completoIn this thesis we are interested in studying the stochastic block model (SBM) in the presence of missing data. We propose a classification of missing data into two categories Missing At Random and Not Missing At Random for latent variable models according to the model described by D. Rubin. In addition, we have focused on describing several network sampling strategies and their distributions. The inference of SBMs with missing data is made through an adaptation of the EM algorithm : the EM with variational approximation. The identifiability of several of the SBM models with missing data has been demonstrated as well as the consistency and asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimators and variational approximation estimators in the case where each dyad (pair of nodes) is sampled independently and with equal probability. We also looked at SBMs with covariates, their inference in the presence of missing data and how to proceed when covariates are not available to conduct the inference. Finally, all our methods were implemented in an R package available on the CRAN. A complete documentation on the use of this package has been written in addition
Taillardat, Maxime. "Méthodes Non-Paramétriques de Post-Traitement des Prévisions d'Ensemble". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV072/document.
Testo completoIn numerical weather prediction, ensemble forecasts systems have become an essential tool to quantifyforecast uncertainty and to provide probabilistic forecasts. Unfortunately, these models are not perfect and a simultaneouscorrection of their bias and their dispersion is needed.This thesis presents new statistical post-processing methods for ensemble forecasting. These are based onrandom forests algorithms, which are non-parametric.Contrary to state of the art procedures, random forests can take into account non-linear features of atmospheric states. They easily allowthe addition of covariables (such as other weather variables, seasonal or geographic predictors) by a self-selection of the mostuseful predictors for the regression. Moreover, we do not make assumptions on the distribution of the variable of interest. This new approachoutperforms the existing methods for variables such as surface temperature and wind speed.For variables well-known to be tricky to calibrate, such as six-hours accumulated rainfall, hybrid versions of our techniqueshave been created. We show that these versions (and our original methods) are better than existing ones. Especially, they provideadded value for extreme precipitations.The last part of this thesis deals with the verification of ensemble forecasts for extreme events. We have shown several properties ofthe Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS) for extreme values. We have also defined a new index combining the CRPS and the extremevalue theory, whose consistency is investigated on both simulations and real cases.The contributions of this work are intended to be inserted into the forecasting and verification chain at Météo-France
Taillardat, Maxime. "Méthodes Non-Paramétriques de Post-Traitement des Prévisions d'Ensemble". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV072.
Testo completoIn numerical weather prediction, ensemble forecasts systems have become an essential tool to quantifyforecast uncertainty and to provide probabilistic forecasts. Unfortunately, these models are not perfect and a simultaneouscorrection of their bias and their dispersion is needed.This thesis presents new statistical post-processing methods for ensemble forecasting. These are based onrandom forests algorithms, which are non-parametric.Contrary to state of the art procedures, random forests can take into account non-linear features of atmospheric states. They easily allowthe addition of covariables (such as other weather variables, seasonal or geographic predictors) by a self-selection of the mostuseful predictors for the regression. Moreover, we do not make assumptions on the distribution of the variable of interest. This new approachoutperforms the existing methods for variables such as surface temperature and wind speed.For variables well-known to be tricky to calibrate, such as six-hours accumulated rainfall, hybrid versions of our techniqueshave been created. We show that these versions (and our original methods) are better than existing ones. Especially, they provideadded value for extreme precipitations.The last part of this thesis deals with the verification of ensemble forecasts for extreme events. We have shown several properties ofthe Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS) for extreme values. We have also defined a new index combining the CRPS and the extremevalue theory, whose consistency is investigated on both simulations and real cases.The contributions of this work are intended to be inserted into the forecasting and verification chain at Météo-France
Rousseau, Jérôme. "Récurrence de Poincaré pour les observations". Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2007.
Testo completoA high dimensional dynamical system is often studied by experimentalists through the measurement of a relatively low number of different quantities, called an observation. Following this idea and in the continuity of Boshernitzan’s work, for dynamical system, random dynamical systems and flows, we study Poincaré recurrence for the observation. The link between the asyptotic behaviour of return time for the observation and the pointwise dimensions of the image of the invariant measure is considered. In Chapter 3, we prove that when the decay of correlations is super polynomial, the non-instantaneous recurrence rates for the observations and the pointwise dimensions relative to the push-forward measure are equal. Rhen, these results allow us to study, in Chapter 4, Poincaré recurrence for random dynamical systems and to prove that, for rapidly mixing system, the recurrence rates (quenched and annealed) are equal to the local dimensions of the stationary measure. Finally, in Chapter 5, we focus on flows. We obtained, for the recurrence rates, an upper bound depending on the push-forward measure but also on the escape function. When the flow is metrically isomorphic to a suspension flow for which the dynamic on the base is rapidly mixing, we proved the existence of a lower bound for the recurrence rate
Dang, Van Mô. "Classification de donnees spatiales : modeles probabilistes et criteres de partitionnement". Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1173.
Testo completoRachdi, Mustapha. "Contributions à la statistique des processus et à l'estimation fonctionnelle". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377565.
Testo completoRapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Observations aléatoires"
Introduction aux modèles multi-niveaux avec SPSS. Instats Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/zso05tsbfzey1469.
Testo completoIntroduction aux modèles multi-niveaux avec SPSS. Instats Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61700/nf9h0jhj185vz469.
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