Bibliografie tematiche / O2 gas mixture

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "O2 gas mixture"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 1 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "O2 gas mixture":

Efremov, Alexandr M., e Kwang-Ho Kwon. "PLASMA PARAMETERS AND COMPOSITION IN CF4/O2/Ar GAS MIXTURE". IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 60, n. 1 (1 marzo 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.2017601.5518.

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For citation:Efremov A.M., Kwon K.-H. Plasma parameters and composition in CF4/O2/Ar gas mixture. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 1. P. 50-55.The effects of O2/Ar mixing ratio in CF4/O2/Ar mixture on both plasma parameters and fluxes of active species determining the dry etching kinetics in this gas system were analyzed. The investigation combined plasma diagnostics by Langmuir probes and zero-dimensional plasma modeling. It was found that the substitution of Ar with O2 at constant fraction of CF4 in a feed gas does not result in the non-monotonic change in F atom density, as it was repeatedly reported for the binary CF4/O2 gas mixtures. The mechanisms of this phenomenon as well as its possible impact on the etching/polymerization kinetics were discussed in details.

Zhang, Boya, Yuyang Yao, Mai Hao, Xingwen Li, Jiayu Xiong e Anthony B. Murphy. "Study of the dielectric breakdown strength of CO₂–O₂ mixtures by considering ion kinetics in a spatial–temporal growth avalanche model". Journal of Applied Physics 132, n. 9 (7 settembre 2022): 093302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093568.

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The gas mixture CO2–O2 has been considered as an insulation and arc-quenching medium in gas-insulated switchgears. In this paper, the dielectric breakdown properties of CO2–O2 mixtures at different O2 concentrations and gas pressures were studied theoretically by considering ion kinetics in a spatial–temporal growth avalanche model. A kinetic scheme that includes all the main reactions likely to occur in CO2–O2 mixtures is presented. An improved method to calculate the dielectric strength of the gas mixture is developed, based on an avalanche model that considers both spatial growth and temporal processes. Next, the reaction rates of ionization, attachment, detachment and ion conversion, the effective ionization Townsend coefficient αeff/N, and reduced critical electric field strength ( E/N) cr in CO2–O2 mixtures at different mixing ratios and gas pressures are analyzed in detail. Finally, a pulsed Townsend experiment is performed to verify the validity and accuracy of the calculation method. Based on this, one detachment reaction rate is modified to yield more accurate results. Better consistency between the results and the experimental values supports the validity of the kinetic system, reaction rates, and the improved calculation method.

Kirkden, RD, L. Niel, SA Stewart e DM Weary. "Gas killing of rats: the effect of supplemental oxygen on aversion to carbon dioxide". Animal Welfare 17, n. 1 (febbraio 2008): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600032012.

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AbstractHigh concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), used for killing laboratory rodents, are known to be more strongly aversive to rats than sweet food items are attractive. This study investigated whether the maintenance of a high oxygen (O2) concentration, using a gas mixture of 70% CO2 and 30% O2, would reduce aversion to CO2 during a gradual-fill procedure. Eight male Wistar rats, aged 10 months, were housed individually in an apparatus consisting of two cages, one higher than the other and joined by a tube. In a series of trials, subjects entered the lower cage for a reward of 20 sweet food items. The gas was turned on at the moment the rat started eating the reward items and flowed into the lower cage at a fixed rate. There were four treatments: 1) 100% CO2 at 14.5% cage volume min–1; 2) gas mixture at 14.5% min–1; 3) gas mixture at 21.0% min–1, which delivered CO2 at approximately 14.5% min–1 and 4) air, with each subject tested with each treatment four times. Measures of willingness to stay and eat in the lower cage (latency to stop eating, latency to leave and the number of reward items eaten) were much lower in all three gas treatments than in air, indicating that the CO2 and the CO2 + O2 mixture were both more strongly aversive than sweet food items were attractive. Comparing the gas mixture with 100% CO2, the latency to leave and the number of reward items eaten were slightly higher in the CO2 + O2 mixture at 21% min–1 than in CO2 at 14.5% min–1, indicating that the addition of O2 slightly reduced the aversiveness of CO2 in the gradual-fill procedure. This reduction is not enough to warrant recommending the use of CO2 + O2 mixtures for killing rats.

Tian, Shuangshuang, Xiaoping Jin, Xiaoxing Zhang, Xiaohan Li, Zian Yuan e Li Chen. "Study on thermal decomposition characteristics of C₆F₁₂O/O₂/CO₂ gas mixtures". AIP Advances 12, n. 11 (1 novembre 2022): 115003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123968.

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Due to its excellent insulation properties and environmental characteristics, C6F12O gas mixture shows a wide range of applications prospects in low and medium voltage gas insulated equipment. The thermal decomposition characteristics of gas insulating medium are of great importance for the industrial application of gases and the operation and maintenance of equipment. In this paper, the type and concentration of the main products of the thermal decomposition of C6F12O/O2/CO2 gas mixture are researched experimentally with different O2 mixing ratios, and the effective gas production rate is analyzed. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of C6F12O/O2/CO2 gas mixture is studied based on ReaxFF molecular dynamics. The experimental results show that the main thermal decomposition products are CF4, C2F6, C3F6, C3F8, C4F10, C5F12, and C6F14. The addition of O2 promotes the thermal decomposition of the C6F12O/O2/CO2 gas mixture. Theoretical studies show that the C6F12O in the mixture undergoes the multistage decomposition reaction. The main particles of all levels of decomposition are C3F7COCF2, CF3, CF3CFC(O) (CF2), CF2CO, C3F7, C3F7C(O) (CF2), CFC(O) (CF2), FCCO, F, CF3CFCF2, CO, and CF2. The results of the research can provide some reference for the engineering application and maintenance of C6F12O gas mixture insulated equipment.

NAKAGAWA, Yuichi, Yasuhiko YOSHIDA, Tadataka YAMASHITA e Junji FURUKAWA. "Plasma polymerization of butadiene-O2 mixture gas." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 46, n. 4 (1989): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.46.209.

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Kobtsev, Vitaly, Sergey Kostritsa, Dmitrii Kozlov, Alexey Pelevkin, Valery Smirnov, Natalia Titova, Sergey Torokhov, Konstantin Vereshchagin e Sergey Volkov. "CARS and Fluorescent study of ignition of H2/O2 mixtures upon photodissociation of O2 molecular". MATEC Web of Conferences 209 (2018): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820900010.

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The research is devoted to gas mixtures ignition by UV laser radiation. The dissociation of O2 molecules by a pulse of excimer ArF laser radiation at 193-nm wavelength with formation of the chemically active oxygen atoms initiating chain reactions which cause ignition of H2/O2 mixture was employed. The experimental test bench was created with CARS and fluorescent techniques for experimental investigation of some peculiarities of mixture ignition and combustion caused by such photo-dissociation, at conditions typical for combustion chamber. Two-dimensional numerical modeling of combustion process in model combustion chamber, based on kinetic mechanism of H2 oxidation including atom O(1P) and radicals OH(A2Σ+), was performed.

Talviste, Rasmus, Kalev Erme, Peeter Paris, Jüri Raud, Toomas Plank e Indrek Jõgi. "Effective ionization coefficient in mixtures of Ar and O₂ determined using the Townsend discharge". AIP Advances 12, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2022): 105213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0098014.

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Precise knowledge of the fundamental ionization properties of gases, such as the effective ionization coefficient, is crucial for discharges in mixtures of Ar:O2, which are significant for a wide range of plasma applications. This study determined the effective ionization coefficient in electronegative gas mixtures of Ar:O2 in the pressure range of 10–800 Torr and reduced electric field strength E/ N range of 40–1200 Td utilizing a steady-state non-self-sustaining Townsend discharge. The reduced effective ionization coefficient α e/ N increased with E/ N and decreased with increasing O2 content in the gas mixture. The experimental results were compared with a model which was based on calculating the ionization and attachment coefficients with BOLSIG+. The ion conversion of O− to O2−, detachment from O2−, and formation of O3 were accounted for similarly as has been done with N2:O2 mixtures. Reasonably good agreement between the measurements and the model calculations was achieved for Ar:O2 mixtures with the O2 content between 20% and 70%. A discrepancy of more than 20% between measurement and calculations was observed at low E/ N values when the O2 content was below 20% and at high E/ N values when the O2 content was above 70%. Several possible explanations were proposed for the observed discrepancy; however, more elaborate models are required. The reduced critical electric field E/ N crit, where the apparent effective ionization coefficient is zero, was determined as a function of the O2 content in the Ar:O2 mixtures. E/ N crit increased with increasing O2 content in the mixture.

Prokic-Cvetkovic, Radica, Andjelka Milosavljevic, Aleksandar Sedmak e Olivera Popovic. "The influence of the oxygen equivalent in a gas-mixture on the structure and toughness of microalloyed steel weldments". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 71, n. 3 (2006): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0603313p.

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Testing were carried out on two steels. The first was microalloyed with Nb and second with Ti, Nb and V. The impact toughness of weld metals of these steels was evaluated using an instrumented Charpy pendulum. Five different gas mixtures (Ar, CO2, O2) were used to determine the optimal gas shielded metal arc process for both steels. The oxygen equivalent was used as a representative parameter of a mixture to follow, in particularly, its effect on the microstructure, toughness and crack propagation energy of the weld metal. For these investigated steels, the optimum gas mixture was established (5%CO2, 0.91%O2, balance Ar), which provided the maximum crack propagation energy, due to the microstructure which consisted dominantly of acicular ferrite.

Zagidullin, M. V., e N. A. Khvatov. "Kinetics of O2(1Δ) self-quenching in the O2— O2(1Δ) — H2O gas mixture". Quantum Electronics 40, n. 9 (13 novembre 2010): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2010v040n09abeh014368.

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Efremov, Alexander M., Dmitry B. Murin e Sergey V. Belyaev. "ON MECHANISMS OF INCREASING HCL DISSOCIATION DEGREE IN GLOW DISCHARGE PLASMA". IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, n. 7 (18 giugno 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20186107.5697.

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The influence of initial compositions of the binary HCl+Ar and HCl+O2 gas mixtures on the hydrogen chloride dissociation kinetics in low temperature gas discharge plasma was investigated. The experiments were carried out under the conditions of direct current glow discharge at constant total gas pressure (100 Pa) and discharge current (25 mA). The data on electro-physical plasma parameters and plasma composition were obtained by modeling procedure based on the simultaneous solution of Boltzmann kinetic equation and the equations of chemical kinetics for neutral and charged species in a steady-state approximation. It was found that an increase in the second component fraction in both gas mixtures results in the sufficient increase in the HCl dissociation degree (aHCl = 23–43% for 0–80% Ar and 23–90% for 0–80% O2), which is associated with different mechanisms. Particularly, in the HCl+Ar gas mixture, an effect of increasing aHCl is provided by an increase in the electron impact dissociation frequency due to the change in electro-physical plasma parameters, such as electron mean energy and electron density. For the HCl+O2 gas mixture, such mechanism is almost negligible because of the weak disturbances in both electron energy distribution and formation/decay balance for charged species in the combination of two molecular electronegative gases. At the same time, the HCl dissociation kinetics in this gas system appears to be strongly dependent on the gas-phase interactions with ground state of oxygen atoms O(3P), metastable atoms O(1D) and OH radicals. It was found that the rates of corresponding processes begin to exceed the HCl electron impact dissociation rate at 20% O2 in HCl+O2.Forcitation:Efremov A.M., Murin D.B., Belyaev S.V. On mechanisms of increasing hcl dissociation degree in glow discharge plasma. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 7. P. 61-66

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Tesi sul tema "O2 gas mixture":

Ye, Fanchao. "Fault decomposition characteristics and application feasibility assessment of C4F7N-CO2-O2 mixed insulating gas". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1030.

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Dans ce travail de doctorat, une étude théorique et expérimentale systématique a été menée sur l'isolation du mélange de gaz C4F7N-CO2-O2 respectueux de l'environnement et ses caractéristiques de décomposition et de biosécurité sous défauts électriques et thermiques. Sur la base de la méthode de dynamique moléculaire ReaxFF, le processus de décomposition thermique du mélange gazeux sous différentes teneurs en O2 et températures est simulé. En combinant les résultats simulés avec des essais de décomposition thermique, le processus cinétique de décomposition thermique du mélange gazeux et le mécanisme d'évolution de ses sous-produits dans différentes conditions sont révélés. En même temps, le mécanisme d'influence de la teneur en O2 sur la tension de claquage et les valeurs caractéristiques statistiques du mélange C4F7N-CO2-O2 pour des décharges partielles sont analysés et le mécanisme d'influence de différents facteurs sur la génération et l'inhibition des gaz et des sous-produits solides au cours du processus de décomposition par décharge du mélange gazeux est clarifié. En conclusion, sur la base des résultats de simulation et expérimentaux, nous proposons la quantité optimale d'additif O2 et les composants caractéristiques de diagnostic du mélange gazeux C4F7N-CO2-O2 pour les défauts des équipements isolés au gaz moyenne tension ; nous testons la biosécurité du C4F7N et de ses produits de décomposition après l'exposition à l'arc, puis évaluons la faisabilité, la sécurité de l'application du mélange de gaz C4F7N-CO2-O2 dans l'équipement en combinant avec les caractéristiques isolantes et de décomposition électrique et thermique du mélange de gaz C4F7N-CO2-O2 et, les résultats de la biosécurité
In this doctoral work, a systematic theoretical and experimental study has been carried out on the insulation of environmentally friendly C4F7N-CO2-O2 gas mixture and on its decomposition characteristics and biosafety under electrical and thermal faults. Based on the ReaxFF molecular dynamics method, the thermal decomposition process of the gas mixture under different O2 contents and temperatures is simulated. The kinetic process of the thermal decomposition of the gas mixture and the evolution mechanism of its by-products under different conditions are revealed by combining with thermal decomposition tests. Meanwhile, the influence mechanism of O2 content on the breakdown voltage and partial discharge statistical characteristic values of the C4F7N-CO2-O2 mixture is analyzed, and the influence mechanism of different factors on the generation and inhibition of gas and solid by-products during the discharge decomposition process of the gas mixture is clarified. In conclusion, based on the simulation and experimental results, we propose the optimal O2 additive amount and fault diagnosis characteristic components of C4F7N-CO2-O2 gas mixture for medium-voltage gas-insulated equipmentwe test the biosafety of C4F7N and its arc decomposition products, and then evaluate the feasibility and safety of applying C4F7N-CO2-O2 gas mixture in equipment by combining with the insulating and electrical and thermal decomposition characteristics of C4F7N-CO2-O2 gas mixture and the results of the biosafety

Li, Yalong. "Research on the decomposition characteristics and biosafety of C5F10O/N2/O2 mixed insulating gas". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1050.

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Dans ce travail de thèse de doctorat, des études expérimentales et théoriques sont réalisées sur les caractéristiques de décomposition du mélange gazeux C5F10O/N2/O2 à l'interface gaz-solide de matériaux métalliques et sous l'action d'une décharge électrique dans un appareil de coupure électrique. La faisabilité et la sécurité de son utilisation sont évaluées en combinaison avec la biosécurité du gaz C5F10O et des produits de décomposition du gaz plasmagène. Compte tenu du contact long entre le mélange gazeux C5F10O/N2/O2 et les matériaux internes de l'équipement de coupure électrique pendant son fonctionnement, la stabilité de l'interaction gaz-solide du mélange gazeux avec les métaux couramment utilisés (cuivre, aluminium et argent), à l'intérieur de l'équipement est caractérisé, et le mécanisme d'interaction gaz-solide entre le mélange gazeux C5F10O et les matériaux métalliques est précisé. Un défaut thermique peut également se produire pendant le fonctionnement de l'équipement. Les caractéristiques typiques de la décharge et de la décomposition par défaut thermique du mélange gazeux C5F10O/N2/O2 contenant différentes concentrations d'oxygène sont identifiées. La composition et les processus de création des produits de décomposition du mélange gazeux sont obtenues, et la corrélation entre les types et le contenu des produits de décomposition caractéristiques et les types de défaut, ainsi que la réaction de l'oxygène vers les produits de décomposition du mélange gazeux C5F10O et le mécanisme d'inhibition de la précipitation des produits solides sont analysés. Sur la base de ce travail, nous proposons un schéma d'optimisation de la stabilité de la couche protectrice argent- cuivre est proposé pour le cuivre avec une faible stabilité gaz-solide du gaz C5F10O/N2/O2. Nous avons défini les produits caractéristiques de la décharge et du défaut thermique du mélange gazeux, ce qui constitue une référence pour la surveillance en ligne des défauts. Nous avons testé la biosécurité du C5F10O et des produits de décomposition par arc. Sa sécurité d'application a été évaluée en fonction des caractéristiques de décharge et de décomposition thermique du mélange gazeux, et des mesures et de protection ciblées et des suggestions sont proposées
In this doctoral thesis work, experimental and theoretical studies are carried out on the decomposition characteristics of C5F10O/N2/O2 gas mixture at the gas-solid interface of metal materials and under the discharge and thermal action, and the feasibility and safety of its application are evaluated in combination with the biosafety of C5F10O gas and arc decomposition products of C5F10O/N2/O2. Considering the long-term contact between C5F10O/N2/O2 gas mixture and the internal materials of the equipment during normal operation, the gas-solid interaction stability of C5F10O/N2/O2 gas mixture with commonly used metal copper, aluminum and silver inside the equipment is evaluated, and the mechanism of gas-solid interface interaction between C5F10O gas mixture and metal materials is clarified. Discharge and thermal fault may also occur during the long-term operation of the equipment. The failure decomposition mechanism of C5F10O/N2/O2 gas mixture is studied through experiments and simulations. The typical discharge and thermal fault decomposition characteristics of C5F10O/N2/O2 gas mixture containing different concentrations of oxygen are revealed. The composition and generation rules of decomposition products of the gas mixture under the faults are obtained, and the correlation between the types and contents of characteristic decomposition products and the fault types, as well as the regulation of oxygen to C5F10O gas mixture decomposition products and the inhibition mechanism of solid product precipitation are analyzed. In conclusion, based on the simulation and experimental results, we proposed the stability optimization scheme of silver-plated protective layer on copper surface for metal copper material with poor gas-solid stability of C5F10O/N2/O2 gas. We extracted the characteristic products characterizing the discharge and thermal fault of C5F10O/N2/O2 gas mixture, which provided a reference for the on-line fault monitoring based on the decomposition components. We tested the biosafety of C5F10O and its arc decomposition products, and evaluated its application safety based on the discharge and thermal fault decomposition characteristics of C5F10O/N2/O2 gas mixture, and proposed targeted safety protection measures and suggestions

Foster, Paul J. "Continuous Co-Separation by Liquid Absorption in Aqueous Cuprous Chloride (CuCl) and Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2) Solution". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1789.pdf.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "O2 gas mixture":

Duan, Lunbo, e Lin Li. "OCAC Technology in Oxy-Fuel Combustion for Carbon Capture". In Oxygen-Carrier-Aided Combustion Technology for Solid-Fuel Conversion in Fluidized Bed, 65–77. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9127-1_4.

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AbstractOxy-fuel combustion is regarded as one of the most promising carbon capture and storage technologies to mitigate the climate change, which has been widely studied and demonstrated in academia and industry. In the oxy-fuel process, a mixture of recycled flue gas and pure O2 obtained from an air separation unit is introduced into the combustion chamber to replace air as oxidant gas. Therefore, high concentration of CO2 can be obtained in flue gas, which is suitable for the subsequent carbon storage and utilization. It also has other advantages, such as low NOx emission, easy scale-up, and applicability in existing power plant. However, the intensive energy consumption associated with the ASU is the bottleneck limiting its further commercialization. The OCAC process has a proven advantage of burning fuel at lower oxygen-fuel ratio compared to conventional FBCs. Therefore, the combination of oxy-fuel combustion and the OCAC technology, i.e. oxygen-carrier-aided oxy-fuel combustion (oxy-fuel-OCAC), can be expected to improve the utilization of O2, leading to less energy consumption from the ASU.

Guo, Zheng-Lei, Yu Wang, Qi Lu e Shu-Chao Wang. "Study on the Effect of Different CO2–O2 Mixture Gas Blowing Modes on Vanadium Oxidation". In 10th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 787–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05955-2_74.

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Bell, David, Jean-François Doussin e Thorsten Hohaus. "Preparation of Simulation Chambers for Experiments". In A Practical Guide to Atmospheric Simulation Chambers, 113–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22277-1_3.

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AbstractWhen setting up a simulation chamber experiment it is essential, in order to ensure meaningful results, to start with a well-controlled chemical system. Coming after the chapter dealing with the requested careful characterization of the simulation chamber, the present chapter describes the preparation of the chamber before running an experiment. It includes various chamber cleaning protocols, the preparation of a clean chamber atmosphere (the reacting mixture) and a series of protocols for blank experiments. Indeed, having a clean atmosphere in a simulation chamber, as free as possible from both particulate and gaseous impurities, is essential to ensure high quality experimental results. As it may not be possible to have a perfectly clean chamber, blank experiments are crucial to both assess chamber cleanliness, account for impurities and establish uncertainties of the observed phenomena. In the present chapter, various cleaning protocols which involve the oxidation of the impurities, dilution, temperature degradation/evaporation, but the evacuation or manual cleaning are described as well. The various techniques to generate clean gas mixture—mostly clean O2, N2 or water vapor, are discussed. Finally, complementarily to the reference experiments proposed in Chap. 2, blank experiments to characterize walls chemical inertia, chamber-dependent radical sources or the presence of water-soluble species are also described.

Hiroyuki, Honda, Yamamoto Shinjiro, Shibata Kazunori, Shiragami Naohiro e Unno Hajime. "Autotroph Culture of Alcaligenes Eutrophus Using H2, O2, and CO2 Gas-Mixture Adjusting Out of Explosive Region". In Biochemical Engineering for 2001, 385–88. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68180-9_102.

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Saidia, L., A. Belasri e S. Baadj. "Processing of COx Molecules in CO2/O2 Gas Mixture by Dielectric Barrier Discharge: Understanding the Effect of Internal Parameters of the Discharge". In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 307–14. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6595-3_40.

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Gordiets, B. F., e V. P. Konovalov. "Excitation of Atmospheric Gas Mixtures N2, O2, O By High Energy Electrons". In Plasma Jets in the Development of New Materials Technology, 617–25. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429070938-58.

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Hayakawa, N., T. Ishida, K. Hatta, T. Yamada, T. Ueda e H. Okubo. "Partial Discharge and Breakdown Characteristics in N2/O2 and N2/CO2 Gas Mixtures Under Inhomogeneous Electric Field". In Gaseous Dielectrics IX, 233–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0583-9_32.

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Duca, Gheorghe, Victor Covaliov e Olga Covaliova. "Intensive Biochemical Processes of Wastewater Treatment With High Caloricity Biogas Production". In Handbook of Research on Emerging Developments and Environmental Impacts of Ecological Chemistry, 291–306. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1241-8.ch013.

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Anaerobic digestion of organic substrates in wastewaters from agro-industrial sector can be efficient method to reduce the pollutant contents, and also a source of biogas. The research is focused on developing of intensified biogas technology and integrated equipment, based on a series of original approaches. New types of new phyto-catalysts of methanogenic digestion were proposed: aescinum, squalene, and betulinol, introduced in the digested biomass in micro-concentrations of 10-3-10-5%. The proposed substances promote about 1.5-2 times acceleration of methanogenic process and increase biomethane contents in biogas close to the natural gas level – up to 93-97%. As a feedstock for biochemical digestion, post-distillery vinasse in mixture with farmyard manure was used. By combining of biochemical treatment with microfiltration an advanced treatment degree was reached, reducing COD from 28530 mg O2/L to 187 mg O2/L. In bioreactor proposed, biomass using coefficient reaches 85-93%, as compared to 60% in the conventional biogas processes.

Cristina Vasconcelos, Helena, Telmo Eleutério, Maria Gabriela Meirelles e Susana Sério. "TiO₂ Nanocoatings on Natural Fibers by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering". In Updates on Titanium Dioxide [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110673.

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The surface functionalization of natural fibers, mainly using TiO2 films, shows a growing interest in its application as yarns in fabrics that require advanced properties, allowing the use of their excellent physical and chemical properties in the textile area. The DC magnetron sputtering technique is a potential method for depositing TiO2 films onto natural fibers, allowing for the creation of advanced and competitive properties compared to synthetic fibers. Different crystalline phases of TiO2 have been shown to be effective in photocatalytic applications. Reactive discharges like the Ar/O2 gas mixture can be used to deposit TiO2 films with desired characteristics, and controlling deposition parameters can further manipulate the properties of the coatings. Analytical techniques such as XRD, XPS, and SEM/EDS can be used to study the surface properties of TiO2 films. XRD determines crystal structure, XPS provides information on chemical composition, and SEM/EDS examines morphology and elemental composition.

Lemaire, A., J. Massardier, H. Praliaud, G. Mabilon e M. Prigent. "Comparative behaviour of Pd supported catalysts for the reduction of NO by CO in the presence of gas complex mixture including O2, CO2, H2O and hydrocarbons". In Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control III, Proceedings of the Third International Symposium CAPoC 3, 97–108. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(06)81422-9.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "O2 gas mixture":

Lee, Junmyung, Kwang-Ho Kwon e A. Efremov. "Plasma parameters and active species kinetics in CF4/O2/Ar gas mixture: effects of CF4/O2 and O2/Ar mixing ratios". In The International Conference on Micro- and Nano-Electronics 2016, a cura di Vladimir F. Lukichev e Konstantin V. Rudenko. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2266348.

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Morita, Mizuho, Seiichi Aritome e Masataka Hirose. "ArF Excimer Laser-Enhanced Oxidation of Silicon in O2/NF3 Gas Mixture". In 1985 Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.1985.a-3-6.

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Pena, Juan Luis, Ines Riech e Victor Rejon. "Study of CdS/CdTe solar cells activated with N-O2-CHClF2 gas mixture". In 2014 IEEE 40th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2014.6925243.

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Hayashi, Shigenari, Kietaro Kaya e Shigeharu Ukai. "High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Fe-9Cr Steel In CO2-O2 Gas Mixture". In AM-EPRI 2013, a cura di D. Gandy e J. Shingledecker. ASM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2013p1417.

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Abstract The high-temperature oxidation of Fe-9Cr-1Mo steel in a CO2 environment, with varying oxygen content (0.6-3%), was investigated at 700°C. While the steel heavily oxidized in pure CO2, the oxidation mass gain decreased significantly with increasing oxygen content. Microscopic analysis revealed the formation of Fe-rich nodules with an internal Cr-carbide layer beneath them. Notably, the number of nodules decreased with increasing oxygen content but remained independent of the oxidation time. To explain these observations, the authors propose that “intrinsic” defects within the initially formed protective Cr2O3 scale facilitated gas permeation. This mechanism is believed to be responsible for the observed dependence of nodule formation on the oxygen content in the gas mixtures.

Schildberg, Hans-Peter. "Experimental Determination of the Static Equivalent Pressures of Detonative Explosions of Ethylene/O2/N2-Mixtures and Cyclohexane/O2/N2-Mixtures in Long and Short Pipes". In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84493.

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In the recent past (PVP2013-97677, PVP2014-28197, PVP2015-45286, PVP2016-63223) we had started to determine the static equivalent pressures (pstat) of the eight detonative pressure scenarios in long and short pipes for different detonable gas mixtures. The pstat-values are of vital importance for process design: by assigning static equivalent pressures to the highly dynamic detonative pressure peaks it is possible to apply the established pressure vessel guidelines, which can only cope with static loads, in the design of detonation pressure resistant pipes. In the previous publications the parameter R was defined as the ratio between pstat at the location where transition from deflagration to detonation occurs and pstat in the region of the stable detonation. One important finding was that R depends on the reactivity of the gas mixture. So far, R cannot be predicted from first principles or from combustion parameters, but can only be determined experimentally. The ratio R has a special significance, because it not only determines pstat for the Deflagration to Detonation Transition (DDT) in long pipes (first detonative pressure scenario), but also gives a good estimate for two of the three scenarios relevant in the design of short pipes: DDT and the coalescence of DDT and reflection. The present paper concludes the test series conducted at BASF during the last 4 years. It presents additional experimental data showing the variation of R over the entire detonative range of Ethylene/O2/N2 mixtures and along the stoichiometric line of Cyclohexane/O2/N2 mixtures. Based on the variation of R for these ternary mixtures and for the mixtures presented in the preceding publications, a typical variation of R for a general combustible/O2/N2-mixture is estimated over the entire explosive range. By means of this estimation the static equivalent pressures of the six design-relevant detonative pressure scenarios of any combustible/O2/N2-mixture can now be derived combining the parameter R with the Chapman-Jouguet pressure ratio, which can be calculated in a straightforward manner from thermodynamic properties.

Schildberg, Hans-Peter. "Experimental Determination of the Static Equivalent Pressures of Detonative Explosions of Stoichiometric CH4/O2/N2-Mixtures and CH4/O2-Mixtures in Long Pipes". In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63223.

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In the recent past (PVP2013-97677, PVP2014-28197, PVP2015-45286) we had started to determine the static equivalent pressures pstat of the eight detonative pressure scenarios in long and short pipes for different detonable gas mixtures. The pstat-values are of vital importance for process design: by assigning static equivalent pressures to the highly dynamic detonative pressure peaks it is possible to apply the established pressure vessel guidelines, which can only cope with static loads, for the design of detonation pressure resistant pipes. One important finding was that the ratio R between pstat at the location where transition from deflagration to detonation occurs and pstat in the region of the stable detonation strongly depends on the reactivity of the gas mixture. In this paper we present experimental data showing the variation of R over the entire explosive range of Methane/O2/N2 mixtures. Qualitatively, the results should be representative for all other combustible/O2/N2-mixtures. Furthermore, recommendations for estimating pstat values of short pipe scenarios on basis of the long pipe scenarios are given.

Jing, Yi, Haoyong Song, Ran Zhuo, Mingli Fu, Dibo Wang e Wei Wang. "Breakdown and decomposition characteristics of environmentally friendly C4F7N/N2/O2 gas mixture at high pressure". In 2020 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve49031.2020.9279546.

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Vereshchagin, K. A., S. Yu Volkov, V. D. Kobtsev, S. A. Kostritsa, V. V. Smirnov, A. V. Pelevkin, N. S. Titova e S. A. Torokhov. "COHERENT ANTI-STOKES RAMAN SCATTERING AND FLUORESCENT STUDY OF IGNITION AND COMBUSTION OF H2/O2 MIXTURES UPON PHOTODISSOCIATION OF O2 MOLECULES". In 8TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NONEQUILIBRIUM PROCESSES, PLASMA, COMBUSTION, AND ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA. TORUS PRESS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/nepcap2018-2-04.

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The low-temperature ignition of H2/O2 mixture promoted by resonant laser radiation leading to the photodissociation of O2 molecules was studied experimentally. The experimental test bench involving the model combustion chamber, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and fluorescent diagnostic techniques was created for the experimental investigation of mixture ignition and combustion at conditions typical for gas turbine engines. For the production of chemically active oxygen atoms which initiate ignition in the H2/O2 mixture, the pulsed excimer ArF-laser emitting at a wavelength of 193 nm was employed. Complementary experiments on measuring the temperature and recording the emission of OH and OH* radicals indicate that it is possible to ignite the H2/O2 mixture with ф = 1-3 and P0 = 1-3 atm at a rather low temperature of ~ 700 K under the action of focused laser radiation (A = 193 nm) with the energy in the laser pulse of E = 30-150 mJ. The induction time varies in the range of 8-50 s depending on the laser energy and mixture parameters. Two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulation of ignition and combustion processes in the model combustion chamber was performed. A good agreement of calculation results with experimental data was obtained.

Komatsu, K., T. Shirai, A. Toyama, T. Iseki, D. Y. Enkin, A. Nakamura, Y. Li, S. Ohshio, H. Muramatsu e H. Saitoh. "Densification of Metal Oxide Films Synthesized from a Metal Complex by Flame Apparatus". In ITSC 2016, a cura di A. Agarwal, G. Bolelli, A. Concustell, Y. C. Lau, A. McDonald, F. L. Toma, E. Turunen e C. A. Widener. DVS Media GmbH, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2016p1088.

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Abstract In this study, metal oxide films were synthesized from an EDTA·Er·H complex by flame spraying. The erbium oxide (Er2O3) layers were deposited on stainless steel using N2, air, or O2 as the carrier gas and a H2-O2 mixture as the combustion gas. Test results indicate that the carrier gas has a significant effect on film thickness and porosity and that O2 is the ideal carrier gas for producing dense metal oxide films.

Mazas, A. N., D. A. Lacoste e T. Schuller. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Laminar Flame Speed of CH4/O2 Mixtures Diluted With CO2 and H2O". In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22512.

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The effects of CO2 and H2O addition on premixed oxy-fuel combustion are investigated with experiments and numerical simulations on the laminar flame speed of CH4/O2/CO2/H2O(v) and CH4/O2/N2/H2O(v) mixtures, at atmospheric pressure and for a reactants inlet temperature Tu = 373 K. Experiments are conducted with steady laminar conical premixed flames over a range of operating conditions representative of oxy-fuel combustion with flue gas recirculation. The relative O2-to-CO2 and O2-to-N2 ratios, respectively defined as O2/(O2+CO2) (mol.) and O2/(O2+N2) (mol.), are varied from 0.21 to 1.0. The equivalence ratio of the mixtures ranges from 0.5 to 1.5, and the steam molar fraction in the reactive mixture is varied from 0 to 0.45. Laminar flame speeds are measured with the flame area method using a Schlieren apparatus. Experiments are completed by simulations with the PREMIX code using the detailed kinetic mechanism GRI-mech. 3.0. Numerical predictions are found in good agreement with experimental data for all cases explored. It is also shown that the laminar flame speed of CH4/O2/N2 mixtures diluted with steam H2O(v) features a quasi-linear decrease when increasing the diluent molar fraction, even at high dilution rates. Effects of N2 replacement by CO2 in wet reactive mixtures are then investigated. A similar quasi-linear decrease of the flame speed is observed for CH4/O2/CO2 H2O-diluted flames. For a similar flame speed in dry conditions, results show a larger reduction of the burning velocity for CH4/O2/N2/H2O mixtures than for CH4/O2/CO2/H2O mixtures, when the steam molar fraction is increased. Finally, it is observed that the laminar flame speed of weakly (CO2, H2O)-diluted CH4/O2 mixtures is underestimated by the GRI-mech 3.0 predictions.