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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Nutritional aspects"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 29 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Nutritional aspects"

1

Rylova, N. V., A. S. Samoylov, A. V. Zholinsky e I. V. Bolshakov. "Actual aspects of sports nutrition in children". Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 66, n. 5 (9 dicembre 2021): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-5-240-245.

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The article highlights the modern problems of nutrition for junior athletes. The authors outline the role of the nutritional plan as an integral part of sports training, as well as a factor in the healthy growth and development of a young athlete. They describe the features of the nutritional status of athletes. The article notes the need for educational programs in the field of balanced nutrition, the use of nutritional supplements and sports products among junior athletes.

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2

Rice, Marylynne A., e Richard H. Haas. "The Nutritional Aspects of Rett Syndrome". Journal of Child Neurology 3, n. 1_suppl (gennaio 1988): S35—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073888003001s08.

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Nutrition is a major problem for the Rett patient. We have studied 21 girls with Rett syndrome (19 typical, two atypical). We report our experience in this population with the nutritional aspects of Rett syndrome, the typical dietary habits, and various nutritional deficiencies. Further experience with the use of high fat diets is reported. (J Child Neurol 1988;3(Suppl):S35-S42).

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3

F.A., Daminov. "Some Aspects of Nutritional Nutrition for Early Prevention of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Burned". International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, n. 4 (30 aprile 2020): 7961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr2020745.

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4

Richards, Nerida, Brian D. Nielsen e Carrie J. Finno. "Nutritional and Non-nutritional Aspects of Forage". Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice 37, n. 1 (aprile 2021): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2020.12.002.

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5

Wirakartakusumah, Moehammad Aman, e Purwiyatno Hariyadi. "Technical Aspects of Food Fortification". Food and Nutrition Bulletin 19, n. 2 (gennaio 1998): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659801900203.

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Abstract (sommario):

The nutritional status of the population is one of the important factors determining the quality and productivity of the population, which in turn affects national productivity. In the long term, good nutritional status contributes to the intelligence and health of the population. Consequently, programmes directed at improving the nutritional status of the population will undoubtedly be a high priority in the national development scheme of any country, developed or developing. Food fortification, i.e., the addition of nutrients to specific foods based on the dietary habits and nutritional status of the target population, is one of the most popular nutritional interventions for improving the population's nutritional status. For food-fortification programmes to be successful, their technical aspects need to be carefully assessed. These include the nutritional justification for food fortification, the acceptability of the fortified food product to consumers (both cost and taste), and any technical or analytical limitation to compliance with food regulations and labeling requirements. Important technical aspects of developing effective food-fortification programmes are the choice of food carrier, nutrient interactions, bioavailability of nutrients, stability of nutrients added under anticipated conditions of storage and processing (food preparation at the household level), and safety. A good fortified product should not cause nutrition imbalance, and excessive intake of nutrients should not have adverse effects. To provide better information for the consumer, the concept of overage should be introduced. Overage is the use of kinetic data on nutrient stability to calculate the amount of added nutrient so that the anticipated level of the nutrient at the end of the product's shelf life is in accordance with the level indicated on the label.

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6

Zandonadi, Renata Puppin. "An Overview of Nutritional Aspects in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis". Nutrients 14, n. 20 (20 ottobre 2022): 4412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14204412.

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There is evidence that nutritional impairment can complicate juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). It is also recognized that the JIA drug treatment may affect the nutritional aspects of patients. It is crucial to understand the impacts that nutritional aspects can have on a patient’s treatment, health, and life. Therefore, this review explores how nutrition influences juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Dietary aspects play essential roles in JIA patients’ growth, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), inflammation, and recovery. Suboptimal nutrition seems to adversely affect the long-term outcome of JIA patients. Nutritional deficiency potentially affects JIA patients’ general wellbeing and disease control and contributes to growth, inflammation, BMI, and BMD disturbances. It was also possible to verify that the correct status of nutrients helps the body recover and reduce inflammation in JIA patients, since nutritional status and nutrients play an important role in regulating immune function. Studies are diverse, and most analyze the effects of a single nutrient on JIA. Moreover, the diet and nutrition impacts are difficult to interpret in the pediatric population due to family influence, dietary regulation, and data collection in children/adolescents. Despite the lack of standardization among studies, the potential benefits of a healthy diet on short- and long-term health and wellbeing in JIA patients are noteworthy.

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7

Malhotra, Parveen, Naveen Malhotra, Vani Malhotra, Aman Gupta, Pansi Gupta Ajay Chugh, Abhishek Chaturvedi e Parul Chandrika. "Nutritional aspects in lactation". Journal of Nutrition Research 5, n. 1 (15 dicembre 2017): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.55289/jnutres/v5i1.2.

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The present study was conducted to determine the consciousness of lactating women (0-6 months) towards betterment of their health. Fifty lactating women participated in this study. The demographic profile indicated predominance of lactating women to be in the age group of 22-32 years, belonging to nuclear family and house owned by her husband. The 24 hour recall showed a better consumption pattern of pulses and milk or milk products in the diet. Physical activity was also adopted by lactating women for the betterment of their health. Consciousness among lactating women for the betterment of their health was assessed through a questionnaire. On analysis, it was concluded that they were little conscious about their health. They were consuming diet rich in fat but low in carbohydrates and proteins.

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8

Laville, Maurice, e Denis Fouque. "Nutritional aspects in hemodialysis". Kidney International 58 (agosto 2000): S133—S139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2000.07617.x.

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9

Keusch, G. T., e M. J. G. Farthing. "Nutritional Aspects of AIDS". Annual Review of Nutrition 10, n. 1 (luglio 1990): 475–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.10.070190.002355.

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10

Marcus, Robert. "Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57, n. 4 (1 aprile 1993): 600–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/57.4.600a.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Nutritional aspects"

1

Fidgett, Andrea. "Nutritional aspects of breeding birds". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392567.

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2

Trotter, James Marshall. "Nutrition and cancer : studies on nutritional abnormalities, nutritional support and protein metabolism in malnourished cancer patients /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdt858.pdf.

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3

BRIGUGLIO, MATTEO. "INTEGRATION OF NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT IN ORTHOPEDICS: DIETARY AND NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF SURGICAL PATIENTS". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2434/945376.

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Abstract (sommario):

The nutritional support in orthopedic surgery is an unclear idea to date. In these years, the goal of this project has been to clarify what is meant by nutritional support in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement and spine surgery, demonstrating its value in relation to the perioperative path. This aim was pursued by applying a methodology of first studying the literature, then analyzing the setting, evidencing shortcomings, proposing management protocols, and verifying the effectiveness of nutritional strategies. The literature search highlighted the multiple phases that should be coordinated, including prehabilitation, perioperative, and postdischarge management. When applying optimization strategies, such as anemia correction, it may be necessary to examine the eating behavior and anticipate the metabolic responses according to the patient’s state of health. The predictive potential of hemoglobin on the clinical outcome in spine surgery has been investigated through retrospective analysis of existing data, suggesting the need to refine decision-making algorithms that identify the patients to be treated, underlining the importance of having high hemoglobin values in the preoperative period to have more chances of clinical success. Prospective observational studies confirmed that patients either after spine surgery or arthroplasty do not meet their needs for what concerns energy and proteins. It seems to be vital to redefine the tactics to promote early oral nutrition, counteract the depletion of body reserves, and acknowledge the impairment of the olfactory stimulus caused by anesthetic drugs. More transparent information on diet and nutrition should be conveyed to patients. The nutritional support program might include a healthy eating education that teaches the concepts of nutritional value, quantity, quality, and timing. Clear information on what to eat or not to eat before surgery must be accompanied by dietary advice also for postoperative recovery. New management proposals can integrate aspects of healthy eating education into a multimodal approach that includes advice on increasing physical activity and promoting night sleep. A risk management system inspired by the hazard analysis and critical control points system can be effectively applied before orthopedic surgery to manage malnutrition. The interventional trials proved that nutrient deficiencies, including those of vitamin D and iron, are common in the surgical population. Dietary supplements should be carefully selected for what concerns the pharmaceutical formula, as well as for the content of important cofactors that may be necessary to boost the metabolic response. Early cardiovascular effects can derive from correcting hypovitaminosis D with a liquid form of vitamin D, and promising data on enhancing preoperative hemoglobin values can derive from using a supplement containing iron and B vitamins. The future of perioperative medicine in orthopedic surgery should choose a pragmatic integration of dietary and nutritional aspects in orthopedics, thus possibly improving health performance and patient experience.

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4

Chehade, Joyce P. "Nutritional status and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55487.

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Abstract (sommario):

The present study was performed to determine whether ongoing oxidative stress in some BPD infants contributes to their increased energy expenditure leading to growth failure. The study consisted of two parts. The first is a descriptive census of BPD infants (n = 38) followed at the outpatient clinics at The Montreal Children's Hospital (MCH). The second is a cross-sectional study of fifteen patients wherein anthropometric parameters, energy intake, and oxidative stress measures (red cell glutathione (GSH) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA)) were assessed. Nine infants with growth failure were compared to six thriving infants with respect to their nutritional and oxidative stress status. Growth failure was defined as weight for age and weight for height for age less than the tenth percentile (z score $ leq - 1).$ Results revealed that the prevalence of growth failure in the BPD infants followed at MCH ranged between 45% and 55%. The mean ($ pm$ SD) energy intakes for thriving and failing to thrive infants expressed as a percent of the recommended nutrient intake were 104 $ pm$ 46% and 133 $ pm$ 35% respectively. Six infants had reduced mean ($ pm$ SD) blood glutathione per hemoglobin (3.63 $ pm$ 0.37 umol/g) compared to adult controls (6.57 $ pm$ 1.04 umol/g). Four of the six infants had growth failure while two were thriving. Fourteen Infants including all failing to thrive infants had elevated mean ($ pm$ SD) plasma MDA levels compared to adult controls (129 $ pm$ 48 vs 55 $ pm$ 3 nmol/l). Differences in oxidative stress markers were not observed between the two groups. These results suggest that growth failure is associated with an increase in caloric consumption and not with a decrease in caloric intake. The preliminary findings on oxidative stress markers suggest a depletion of the GSH antioxidant in some infants and marked lipid peroxidation in the BPD population.

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5

Johansson, Madelene. "Analytical and nutritional aspects of folate in cereals /". Uppsala : Dept. of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200507.pdf.

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6

MAGNANO, SAN LIO EUGENIA. "Innovative Nutritional Aspects of locally produced Italian cheeses". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/779.

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Abstract (sommario):

Il formaggio sta dimostrando possedere, oltre alle caratteristiche nutrizionali classiche, degli aspetti nutrizionali innovati derivanti dalle proprietà di peptidi bioattivi contenuti nella frazione proteica caseinica del formaggio e rilasciati in seguito a proteolisi, ed ancora dalle proprietà di acidi grassi insaturi, quale l’acido linoleico coniugato. L’obiettivo di tale studio di dottorato è stato indagare su questi aspetti nutrizionali innovativi in formaggi tipici italiani quali Grana Padano e TrentinGrana, che pur essendo due formaggi molto simili tra loro, differiscono per l’uso della molecola antibatterica lisozima solo per la produzione del Grana Padano. Simulazioni in vitro della digestione gastrointestinale, nei campioni dei due formaggi a diversi tempi di stagionatura, ha dimostrato che esiste una relazione positiva tra tempo di stagionatura e digeribilità del calcio nel Grana Padano ,quando vengono considerati nella correlazione i risultati dei campioni con stagionatura superiore ai 24 mesi. A tempi di stagionatura inferiori a 24 mesi, i risultati di digeribilità del calcio del Grana Padano sono dispersi come appare nei campioni di TrentinGrana analizzati. Inoltre l’analisi RP-HPLC della distribuzione molecolare degli oligopeptidi dei campioni dei due formaggi, dimostra che la frazione peptidica coinvolta nel legame del calcio e quindi nel suo assorbimento, è quella compresa tra 1000 e 1500 D, e che l’analisi Seldi ha rilevato essere quella dei peptidi attivi fosfocaseinici. Inoltre differenze tra i due formaggi con e senza lisozima, appaiono solo per campioni tra 15 e 20 mesi di stagionatura, in cui campioni di formaggio senza lisozima appaiono più idrolizzati di quelli che lo contengono. Quindi dai risultati ottenuti appare che le differenze del profilo peptidico apportate dal lisozima non modificano le proprietà dei fosfopeptidi di assorbimento del calcio, forse influenzate da altri fattori che intervengono nella produzione del formaggio. L’attività ACE-inibitoria di abbassamento della pressione arteriosa esercitata da peptidi bioattivi è stata testata nei due formaggi, dimostrando che né il tempo di stagionatura e il grado di proteolisi, né il lisozima sono correlati all’attività ACE-inibitoria. Ed infine per l’importante ruolo che ha il minerale calcio nella dieta, indici di digeribilità del minerale in diversi alimenti sono stati considerati, in modo da poter formulare in maniera corretta diete alimentari coprendo il fabbisogno giornaliero con l’adeguato apporto energetico. I formaggi hanno dimostrato possedere indici di digeribilità del calcio superiori ad altri alimenti vegetali o a base di soia. In particolare il valore di digeribilità del Calcio del Grana Padano calcolato in vitro ha confermato il valore ottenuto in vivo , pari a 80%.
This study aimed to investigate about the not common known nutritional aspects of cheeses, which derive from their chemical components. In fact, in addition to the supply of macronutrient, cheeses are gaining interest as a source of bioactive peptides, of conjugated linoleic acid or for the new insight in the metabolic role of calcium. In vitro simulation of human gastrointestinal digestion revealed that cheeses have an higher digestibility of calcium than other foods, because of their casein-derived bioactive phosphopetides (CPPs) content has the ability to carry calcium minerals and avoid calcium precipitation, making it available for intestinal absorption. The in vitro calcium digestibility was calculated for different foods- cheeses, soya based foods and vegetables- to correct cover calcium requirements with an equilibrate energy intake. Calcium digestibility was also assessed in different ripened time Italian locally produced, semi fat, hard cheeses, Grana Padano and TrentinGrana. The main difference between them is the use or not of lysozyme during manufacturing. In Grana Padano samples, produced using lysozyme, there is a positive relationship between aging and dCa (r2 = 0.27; P<0.05) when sample > 24 months aged are considered (Grana Padano dCa results of samples less 24 months aged are quite widespread) , while in TrentinGrana, produced without the use of lysozyme, no significant correlation has been detected. RP-HPLC distribution analysis of oligopeptides molecular weight of these cheese showed that the only difference between them is that cheeses without lyzozyme, aged between 15 and 20 months, are more hydrolyzed than the same ripened time Grana Padano samples. Moreover the fraction of oligopeptides involved in calcium binding ranges between 1000 and 1500 D. SELDI analysis confirmed CPPs presence in this range. Therefore changes in cheese peptidic profiles probably caused by the use of lysozyme do not influence calcium digestibility because according to this study there is not a connection between change in peptidic profile and calcium digestibility results. The difference in calcium digestibility in Grana Padano samples aged over 24 month results should be probably ascribed also to the influence of other factors occurring during cheese manufacturing. Moreover, ACE-inhibitory activity of bioactive peptides was tested on in vitro digested Grana Padano and TrentinGrana samples with different ripening times. Correlation was not found between ACE-inhibitory activity and proteolysis level in different ripened time samples nor the lysozyme influence in releasing ACE-inhibitory bioactive peptides.

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7

MAGNANO, SAN LIO EUGENIA. "Innovative Nutritional Aspects of locally produced Italian cheeses". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/779.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

Il formaggio sta dimostrando possedere, oltre alle caratteristiche nutrizionali classiche, degli aspetti nutrizionali innovati derivanti dalle proprietà di peptidi bioattivi contenuti nella frazione proteica caseinica del formaggio e rilasciati in seguito a proteolisi, ed ancora dalle proprietà di acidi grassi insaturi, quale l’acido linoleico coniugato. L’obiettivo di tale studio di dottorato è stato indagare su questi aspetti nutrizionali innovativi in formaggi tipici italiani quali Grana Padano e TrentinGrana, che pur essendo due formaggi molto simili tra loro, differiscono per l’uso della molecola antibatterica lisozima solo per la produzione del Grana Padano. Simulazioni in vitro della digestione gastrointestinale, nei campioni dei due formaggi a diversi tempi di stagionatura, ha dimostrato che esiste una relazione positiva tra tempo di stagionatura e digeribilità del calcio nel Grana Padano ,quando vengono considerati nella correlazione i risultati dei campioni con stagionatura superiore ai 24 mesi. A tempi di stagionatura inferiori a 24 mesi, i risultati di digeribilità del calcio del Grana Padano sono dispersi come appare nei campioni di TrentinGrana analizzati. Inoltre l’analisi RP-HPLC della distribuzione molecolare degli oligopeptidi dei campioni dei due formaggi, dimostra che la frazione peptidica coinvolta nel legame del calcio e quindi nel suo assorbimento, è quella compresa tra 1000 e 1500 D, e che l’analisi Seldi ha rilevato essere quella dei peptidi attivi fosfocaseinici. Inoltre differenze tra i due formaggi con e senza lisozima, appaiono solo per campioni tra 15 e 20 mesi di stagionatura, in cui campioni di formaggio senza lisozima appaiono più idrolizzati di quelli che lo contengono. Quindi dai risultati ottenuti appare che le differenze del profilo peptidico apportate dal lisozima non modificano le proprietà dei fosfopeptidi di assorbimento del calcio, forse influenzate da altri fattori che intervengono nella produzione del formaggio. L’attività ACE-inibitoria di abbassamento della pressione arteriosa esercitata da peptidi bioattivi è stata testata nei due formaggi, dimostrando che né il tempo di stagionatura e il grado di proteolisi, né il lisozima sono correlati all’attività ACE-inibitoria. Ed infine per l’importante ruolo che ha il minerale calcio nella dieta, indici di digeribilità del minerale in diversi alimenti sono stati considerati, in modo da poter formulare in maniera corretta diete alimentari coprendo il fabbisogno giornaliero con l’adeguato apporto energetico. I formaggi hanno dimostrato possedere indici di digeribilità del calcio superiori ad altri alimenti vegetali o a base di soia. In particolare il valore di digeribilità del Calcio del Grana Padano calcolato in vitro ha confermato il valore ottenuto in vivo , pari a 80%.
This study aimed to investigate about the not common known nutritional aspects of cheeses, which derive from their chemical components. In fact, in addition to the supply of macronutrient, cheeses are gaining interest as a source of bioactive peptides, of conjugated linoleic acid or for the new insight in the metabolic role of calcium. In vitro simulation of human gastrointestinal digestion revealed that cheeses have an higher digestibility of calcium than other foods, because of their casein-derived bioactive phosphopetides (CPPs) content has the ability to carry calcium minerals and avoid calcium precipitation, making it available for intestinal absorption. The in vitro calcium digestibility was calculated for different foods- cheeses, soya based foods and vegetables- to correct cover calcium requirements with an equilibrate energy intake. Calcium digestibility was also assessed in different ripened time Italian locally produced, semi fat, hard cheeses, Grana Padano and TrentinGrana. The main difference between them is the use or not of lysozyme during manufacturing. In Grana Padano samples, produced using lysozyme, there is a positive relationship between aging and dCa (r2 = 0.27; P<0.05) when sample > 24 months aged are considered (Grana Padano dCa results of samples less 24 months aged are quite widespread) , while in TrentinGrana, produced without the use of lysozyme, no significant correlation has been detected. RP-HPLC distribution analysis of oligopeptides molecular weight of these cheese showed that the only difference between them is that cheeses without lyzozyme, aged between 15 and 20 months, are more hydrolyzed than the same ripened time Grana Padano samples. Moreover the fraction of oligopeptides involved in calcium binding ranges between 1000 and 1500 D. SELDI analysis confirmed CPPs presence in this range. Therefore changes in cheese peptidic profiles probably caused by the use of lysozyme do not influence calcium digestibility because according to this study there is not a connection between change in peptidic profile and calcium digestibility results. The difference in calcium digestibility in Grana Padano samples aged over 24 month results should be probably ascribed also to the influence of other factors occurring during cheese manufacturing. Moreover, ACE-inhibitory activity of bioactive peptides was tested on in vitro digested Grana Padano and TrentinGrana samples with different ripening times. Correlation was not found between ACE-inhibitory activity and proteolysis level in different ripened time samples nor the lysozyme influence in releasing ACE-inhibitory bioactive peptides.

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8

ZOCCHI, MONICA. "NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: FOCUS ON MAGNESIUM". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2434/945768.

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Abstract (sommario):

Il magnesio (Mg), nella sua forma biologicamente attiva di catione, è un micronutriente essenziale per la vita. Circa il 25% del Mg totale dell’organismo si trova nel muscolo scheletrico, dove è fondamentale per il rilassamento delle fibre. Una corretta assunzione di Mg con la dieta è associata a salute muscolare e a un ridotto rischio di sarcopenia. Nei paesi occidentali si registra un elevato rischio di ipomagnesemia cronica ma questo deficit nutrizionale è largamente sottostimato e il suo impatto a livello delle cellule muscolari non è ben caratterizzato. Inoltre, non è chiaro il suo contributo nella patogenesi della sarcopenia. A questo scopo, in questo lavoro sono stati utilizzati modelli di ipomagnesemia sia in vivo che in vitro. Topi nutriti per due settimane con una dieta povera di Mg hanno mostrato a livello muscolare una significativa rimodulazione dell’espressione di geni coinvolti nella rigenerazione delle fibre, nel catabolismo delle proteine, nelle dinamiche mitocondriali e nel metabolismo sia glucidico che lipidico. Questi aspetti sono stati confermati e approfonditi in vitro su mioblasti C2C12. Nel corso della miogenesi, è stata osservata una modulazione sia del livello intracellulare di Mg che dell’espressione proteica di suoi trasportatori di membrana, tra cui TRPM7, MagT1 e SLC41A1. Inoltre concentrazioni extracellulari non fisiologiche di Mg influiscono sulla capacità dei mioblasti di fondersi tra loro e, di conseguenza, provocano un difetto in miogenesi. In particolare questo danno è risultato essere connesso alla eccessiva produzione di specie reattive dell’ossigeno in condizioni di Mg non fisiologiche. Esponendo miotubi differenziati a basse concentrazioni di Mg, sono stati osservati cambiamenti morfologici, una compromissione dell’autofagia e alterazioni del metabolismo energetico. In particolare, una riduzione del livello di Mg intracellulare porta a una riduzione della glicolisi e un aumento dell’ossidazione degli acidi grassi, con conseguente diminuzione delle riserve di lipidi neutri. Questo adattamento metabolico è accompagnato anche da variazioni nell’espressione delle proteine contrattili. Tutte queste risposte metaboliche osservate in cellule esposte a basso Mg sono risultate connesse ad un significativo aumento della sintesi di ossido nitrico, una molecola segnale in grado di modulare l’attività di proteine target e di contribuire allo stress ossidativo. In conclusione, un deficit di Mg esercita un significativo impatto sulla fisiologia del muscolo scheletrico e gli effetti osservati sono sovrapponibili a caratteristiche tipiche della sarcopenia. Ciò suggerisce che alterazioni dell’omeostasi del Mg contribuiscano attivamente all’invecchiamento delle fibre muscolari.
Magnesium (Mg) is a micronutrient essential to all vital processes and a quarter of body Mg is located in skeletal muscles where it is essential for fibers relaxation. It is widely known that a correct dietary Mg intake is associated to healthy skeletal muscles and to a reduced risk to develop sarcopenia. In western countries a latent risk of Mg deficiency is evident but this electrolyte imbalance is largely underestimated. Moreover, very little is known about the impact of Mg deficiency on skeletal muscle at the cellular and molecular levels and about its contribution in developing a sarcopenic and aged phenotype. With this aim, both in vivo and in vitro models of Mg deficiency were used. Mice fed two weeks with low Mg diets show a reduction in magnesemia and intramyocellular Mg content, which influences the expression of genes involved in muscle regeneration, protein catabolism, mitochondria dynamics, carbohydrates and lipids metabolism. To deeper investigate these pathways modulated by a low Mg status, in vitro experiments were performed on C2C12 myoblasts, both during myogenesis and on differentiated myotubes. New insights into the role of Mg during the myogenic process emerged. An interesting modulation of intracellular Mg content was observed during myogenesis and a coherent fluctuation in the levels of the Mg transporters TRPM7, MagT1 and SLC41A1 was found. Moreover, variations in extracellular Mg concentration impact on myoblasts fusion capacity and hence of the myogenic process in a ROS-dependent manner. C2C12-derived myotubes exposed to low Mg concentrations showed a reduced thickness, a compromised autophagic process and alterations in energy metabolism. Mg deficiency induced alterations of glucose metabolism and an increased fatty acids oxidation rate, with a consequent reduction of intracellular neutral lipids stores. This metabolic adaptation is accompanied by changes in the expression of contractile proteins and to a fast-to-slow phenotypic shift of the fibers. All these metabolic responses were found connected to the low Mg-dependent overproduction of nitric oxide which is able to modulate the activity of several target proteins and contribute to oxidative stress. Overall, Mg deficiency significantly impacts on skeletal muscle physiology and its effects overlap with typical features of a sarcopenic phenotype, thus suggesting that alterations in intramyocellular Mg status contribute to skeletal muscle aging.

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9

Slegtenhorst, Sonja. "Antioxidant intake in paediatric oncology patients". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18050.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thesis (MNutr)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: The role of antioxidants and adequate nutrition in the prevention and course of cancer treatment is globally recognised in nullifying the effects of free radicals and increasing the nutritional status of children during treatment. Objective: To investigate whether children with cancer meet their Dietary Reference Values and Safe Intakes for antioxidants, energy and protein. Design: Single centre prospective study. Setting: Children were recruited from the East of England Primary Treatment Centre using convenience sampling over 8 months. Forty-two children and adolescents diagnosed with a Solid tumour, Lymphoma or Leukaemia were eligible for data analysis (n=20 male; n=22 female). Method: Data was collected with an Estimated Food Record (EFR) in the 1st (EFR1) and 3rd month (EFR2) post-diagnosis. In the week following EFR completion, parents and/or children were contacted to complete four non-consecutive days of 24-hr food recalls. Data was categorised into diet alone, diet + food supplement (FS), tube feeding (tube) or diet + multi-vitamin-mineral supplementation (VMS). Malnutrition was determined by weight-for-age z-scores. Nutrient intake was compared to the Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI), the Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and the Lower Recommended Nutrient Intake (LRNI). Result: The sample consisted of 33% (n=14) diagnosed with Leukaemia, 24% (n=10) with Lymphoma and 43% (n=18) with Solid tumours. Sixty seven percent (n=28) underwent chemotherapy and 33% (n=14) a combination of therapies. Significant correlations were seen between the assessment tools in the diet alone category for both months for; vitamins A, C, E, selenium and protein and for EFR1 for zinc and energy. In both months greater numbers of children achieved ≥100% of requirements for diet + VMS (EFR 1; p<0.05; EFR2 p<0.05) than for other feeding modes. Vitamin C achieved the highest intakes compared to the RNI at 773% (EFR1) and 829% (EFR2). Intakes above 200% of the RNI were seen for vitamins A, C, E, selenium and zinc. No significant differences were seen between modes of feeding in either month for selenium or zinc. Vitamin A (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone p<0.05) and zinc (EFR1≤ 100% diet alone p=0.02) met the least of the LRNI in the 1st month compared to other antioxidants. No statistical significant difference was observed between the number of children attaining their EAR’s between the 3 modes of feeding in the 1st month and 3rd month. In the 1st month 27% (n=8) of participants consumed vitamin and/or mineral supplements, 18% in the 3rd month (n=4). In the 1st month 5% (n=2) of children were moderately malnourished and 10% (n=4) in 3rd month. Conversely in the 1st month 3% (n=1) were overweight and 3% (n=1) obese; the leukaemia group predominant. Conclusion: The research tools showed good correlation. Children using vitamin and/or mineral supplements mostly achieved their RNI’s compared to other feeding modes. Across feeding modes some children achieved antioxidant intakes above 200% RNI. LRNI’s on diet alone were not achieved for vitamin A and zinc. The study showed Leukaemics as having a higher prevalence of obesity. More research is required to determine the clinical implications of these findings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Die rol van anti-oksidante en voldoende voeding in die voorkoming en verloop van kanker behandeling word wêreldwyd erken vir vernietiging van die effek van vry radikale en die verbetering van voedingstatus van kinders tydens behandeling. Doelwit: Om ondersoek in te stel of kinders met kanker hul Dieet Verwysingswaardes en Veilige Innames vir anti-oksidante, energie en proteïen bereik. Ontwerp: Enkel sentrum prospektiewe studie. Omgewing: Kinders was gewerf deur middel van gerieflikheidsteekproefneming oor 8 maande vanaf die “East of England Primary Treatment Centre”. Twee-en-veertig kinders en adolessente gediagnoseer met 'n Soliede tumor, Limfoom of Leukemie het in aanmerking gekom vir dataanalise (n=20 manlik, n=22 vroulik). Metode: Data was ingesamel met ‘n Geskatte Voedsel Rekord (GVR) in die eerste (GVR1) en derde maand (GVR2) na diagnose. In die week na voltooiing van die GVR is ouers en/of kinders gekontak om vier onopeenvolgende dae van 24-uur herroepe te voltooi. Data was verdeel in dieet alleen, dieet + voedsel supplement (VS), buisvoeding (buis) of dieet + multi-vitamien-mineraal supplementasie (VMS). Wanvoeding was bepaal deur middel van gewig-vir-ouderdom z-tellings. Nutriënt inname was vergelyk met die Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (ANI), die Geskatte Gemiddelde Behoeftes (GGB) en die Laer Aanbevole Nutriënt Inname (LANI). Resultate: Die steekproef het bestaan uit 33% (n=14) gediagnoseer met Leukemie, 24% (n=10) Limfoom en 43% (n=18) Soliede tumore. Sewe-en-sestig persent (n=28) het chemoterapie ontvang en 33% (n=14) ‘n kombinasie van terapieë. Betekenisvolle korrelasies was waargeneem tussen die assesseringsinstrumente in die dieet alleen kategorie vir beide maande vir vitamiene A, C, E, selenium en proteïen en vir GVR1 ook vir sink en energie. In beide maande het ‘n groter aantal kinders ≥100% van hul behoeftes bereik vr dieet+VMS (GVR1; p<0.05; GVR2 p<0.05) as vir ander modi van voeding. Vitamien C het die hoogste innames bereik vergeleke met die ANI teen 773% (GVR1) en 829% (GVR2). Innames bo 200% van die ANI was waargeneem vir vitamiene A, C, E, selenium en sink. Geen betekenisvolle verskille was waargeneem tussen modi van voeding in enige maand vir selenium en sink nie. Vitamien A (GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p<0.05) en sink (GVR1≤100% dieet alleen p=0.02) het die minste van die LANI bereik in die eerste maand vergeleke met ander anti-oksidante. Geen statisties beduidende verskil was waargeneem tussen die aantal kinders wat hul GGB’s bereik het tussen die 3 voedingswyses in die eerste en derde maande nie. In die eerste maand het 27% (n=8) van deelnemers vitamien en/of mineraal supplemente ingeneem, en 18% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 5% (n=2) van kinders matig wangevoed en 10% (n=4) in die derde maand. In die eerste maand was 3% (n=1) van kinders oorgewig en 3% (n=1) vetsugtig, die leukemie groep spesifiek. Gevolgtrekking: Die navorsingsinstrumente het goeie korrelasie getoon. Kinders wat vitamien en/of mineraal supplemente gebruik het het meestal hul ANI’s bereik vergeleke met ander modi van voeding. Oor voeding modi het sommige kinders anti-oksidant innames bo 200% ANI bereik. LANI’s op dieet alleen was nie bereik vir Vitamien A en sink nie. Hierdie studie het aangetoon dat dié met Leukemia ‘n hoër prevalensie van oorgewig/vetsug getoon het. Meer navorsing is nodig om die kliniese implikasies van die bevindinge te bepaal.

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Zanotto, Flavia Pinheiro. "Physiological and biochemical aspects of nutritional homeostasis in locusts". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306907.

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Libri sul tema "Nutritional aspects"

1

H, Chen Linda, a cura di. Nutritional aspects of aging. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1986.

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1933-, Simopoulos Artemis P., e Galli Claudio, a cura di. Osteoporosis: Nutritional aspects. Basel: Karger, 1993.

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Burckhardt, Peter, Bess Dawson-Hughes e Robert P. Heaney, a cura di. Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2228-6.

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Peter, Burckhardt, e Heaney Robert Proulx 1927-, a cura di. Nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. New York: Raven Press, 1991.

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Peter, Burckhardt, Dawson-Hughes Bess e Heaney Robert Proulx 1927-, a cura di. Nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. 2^a ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2004.

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Brennan, Rosemary Anne Theresa. Nutritional aspects of cancer. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1986.

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Peter, Burckhardt, Dawson-Hughes Bess, Heaney Robert Proulx 1927-, Serono Symposia USA, Serono Symposia S.A. (Geneva, Switzerland) e Symposium on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis (1997 : Lausanne, Switzerland), a cura di. Nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. New York: Springer, 1998.

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Groom, Hilary. Nutritional aspects of fish. London: British Nutrition Foundation, 1993.

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Foundation, British Nutrition, a cura di. Nutritional aspects of meat. London: British Nutrition Foundation, 1988.

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Foundation, British Nutrition, a cura di. Nutritional aspects of fish. London: British Nutrition Foundation, 1986.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Nutritional aspects"

1

Mees, Evert J. Dorhout. "Nutritional aspects". In Cardiovascular Aspects of Dialysis Treatment, 118–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0973-6_12.

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Renner, E. "Nutritional Aspects". In Whey and Lactose Processing, 449–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2894-0_12.

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Harding, F. "Nutritional aspects". In Milk Quality, 151–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2195-2_11.

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Dunitz-Scheer, Marguerite, e Peter J. Scheer. "Nutritional Aspects". In Child-led Tube-management and Tube-weaning, 73–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09090-5_9.

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Shafaq, Shahneel, e Abrar Hussain. "Rice Nutritional Aspects". In Modern Techniques of Rice Crop Production, 721–37. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4955-4_35.

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Renner, E. "Nutritional Aspects of Cheese". In Milk, 179–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_20.

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Mault, J. R., e R. H. Bartlett. "Nutritional Aspects of Hemofiltration". In Hemofiltration, 253–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69665-7_15.

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Shrimpton, D. H. "Nutritional aspects of vitamins". In The Technology of Vitamins in Food, 42–62. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2131-0_3.

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Renner, E. "Nutritional Aspects of Cheese". In Cheese: Chemistry, Physics and Microbiology, 557–79. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2650-6_15.

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Trottier, Nathalie, e Ryan Walker. "Nutritional Aspects of Proteins". In Applied Food Protein Chemistry, 113–37. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118860588.ch8.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Nutritional aspects"

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Bafila, Pooja, Kritika Tiwari, Gita Bisla, Vaishaly Yadav e Prateek Negi. "Nutritional and compositional aspects of complementary feeding". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT TRENDS IN COMPOSITE SCIENCES WITH COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS. AIP Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0184255.

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Cozma, Antoanela. "NUTRITIONAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF FRESH AND COMMERCIAL FRUIT JUICES". In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017h/63/s25.037.

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S.F., Kochetkova, Mekhantseva I.Yu., Zolotov N.A. e Krotova O.E. "ANALYSIS OF THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SESAME SEEDS AS ADDITIVES IN COTTAGE CHEESE PRODUCTS OF HERODIETIC ORIENTATION". In OF THE ANNIVERSARY Х INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE «INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN SCIENCE AND EDUCATION» («ITSE 2022» CONFERENCE). DSTU-Print, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/itse.2022.92-96.

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The article discusses the main aspects of herodietic nutrition and, in connection with them, the properties and nutritional value of sesame as an additive. The analysis and comparison of sesame products – sesame seeds, sesame cake and sesame flour from sesame cake, and also the rationale for their use in cottage cheese products of herodietic orientation is given.

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Филатова, Анастасия Александровна, e Елена Ивановна Козленко. "INCREASING HEALTH WITHIN NUTRITION". In Psychology, Sports science and Medicine (Психология. Спорт. Здравоохранение): сборник статей международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Октябрь 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/221030.2022.12.55.008.

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Система питания - достаточно широкое понятие, используемое для описания комплексного процесса, включающего выбор пищи, оценку и расчет ее питательной и энергетической ценности, поступление в организм и последующих ее превращений, включая метаболизм и выведение. Нутрициология подходит к питанию комплексно, углубляясь в состав и качество продуктов. Это наука о питании во всех его аспектах: от химии, биологии, молекул и клеток. The nutrition system is a fairly broad concept used to describe a complex process that includes food selection, assessment and calculation of its nutritional and energy value, intake and subsequent transformations, including metabolism and excretion. Nutriciology approaches nutrition in a complex way, delving into the composition and quality of products. It is the science of nutrition in all its aspects: from chemistry, biology, molecules and cells.

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Geitner, Carolin, Falk Schradt, Christina Lang, Patrick Weydt, Beate Lindner-Pfleghar, G. Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Cornelius Werner, Beate Schumann e Sigurd Süssmuth. "H33 The swallowing disorder in huntington’s disease (hd): an observational study – nutritional aspects". In EHDN 2018 Plenary Meeting, Vienna, Austria, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2018-ehdn.211.

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Williams, Jodi. "Nutritional aspects of insects and the funding environment: SBIR grants and USDA NIFA". In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.109256.

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Cai, Ruiwen. "Reviewing the Underlying Factors of COVID-19 Induced Depression from Environmental, Nutritional, and Emotional Aspects". In 2022 3rd International Conference on Mental Health, Education and Human Development (MHEHD 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220704.126.

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Ponnuswamy, Aravind, Samina Shah, Jennifer Ironside, Katherine Howells e Jnaie Burgess. "Nutritional Aspects Of Patients With Acute Exacerbations Of COPD Admitted To A District General Hospital". In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a5861.

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Koop, J., S. Fedde, F. A. Hägele, C. Beunink, M. J. Müller e A. Bosy-Westphal. "Nutritional value and environmental aspects of high-protein ultra-processed foods on the German market". In Kongress ERNÄHRUNG 2024. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1785793.

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Cunha, Wéltima Teixeira. "Microbiological analysis of salads eaten raw in the cafeteria of an Educational Institution". In VI Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvimulti2024-055.

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The National School Feeding Program (PNAE) is a Brazilian public policy that aims to ensure adequate nutrition for basic education students in public and philanthropic schools. Implemented since 1955, the PNAE's main objective is to meet the nutritional needs of students during school, contributing to their development, learning and academic performance. However, concern about the quality of vegetables eaten raw, which are essential for a healthy diet, is relevant due to the risks of contamination by pathogenic microorganisms, which can occur at various stages from production to consumption. The study described here specifically analyzes raw salads consumed by students, evaluating microbiological aspects to ensure food safety in the Vitória da Conquista campus cafeteria, using total and thermotolerant coliform counting methods

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Nutritional aspects"

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Rubin, Daniela A., daniel A. Judelson, Daniel J. Driscoll, Michelle Moutappa e Jie Weiss. Nutritional and Exercise Aspects of Prader-Willi Syndrome and Childhood Obesity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, febbraio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada585349.

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Leach, Roland M., Carol V. Gay, Mark Pines e Shmuel Hurwitz. Developing Nutritional-Management Protocols which Prevent Tibial Dyschondroplasia. United States Department of Agriculture, settembre 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573994.bard.

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The objectives of this proposal were (1) to develop early age short-term restrict feeding protocols which eliminate the incidence of TD without compromising market weight performance and (2) monitor the components of the PTH/PTHrP cascade in conjunction with the development of the protocols in Objective 1. In this investigation it was established that changes in gene expression associated with TD occur as early as 13 days of age. This means that management strategies for the control of this disease must be established during the initial two weeks of rearing. In order to determine a focus for these management strategies, attempts were made to identify the metabolic defect responsible for tibial dyschondroplasia. Therefore, the parathyroid hormone/parathyrod related peptide (PTH/PTHrP) cascade of events was investigated. This emphasis was based on the fact that many nutritional factors that influence TD could be operating through this system. Secondly, the receptor for these peptides acts as the gatekeeper of chondrocyte differentiation. Examination of many aspects of this cascade led to the conclusion that TD is not the direct result of perturbation of this PTH/PTHrP receptor but is likely to develop from an interruption of a pathway downstream from this receptor.

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Lettington, Robert J. L. Small-scale Agriculture and the Nutritional Safeguard under Article 8(1) of the Uruguay Round Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/ip_wp_20031101.

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Berkström, Charlotte, Hampus Eriksson, Maria Eggertsen, Birgit Koehler e Anna Norman Haldén. Securing sustainable access to aquatic foods. SLU Global, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.7fllvb7hr4.

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Global nutrition needs are increasing and aquatic foods have recently been identified as crucial in addressing many of the world’s urgent challenges, including hunger and malnutrition. This synthesis highlights the importance of aquatic foods as a source of protein, micronutrients and income, its potential to meet increasing food demands, as well as the challenges in aquatic food production and harvesting. Most importantly, it provides an overview of management initiatives and innovative solutions for secured sustainable access to aquatic foods in the future. Aquatic foods provide micronutrient-rich foods for 3.3 billion people and support the livelihoods of more than 800 million people. Small-scale fisheries, in particular, play a key role in supporting the diversity and nutritional benefits of aquatic foods. However, the capture and production of aquatic foods is not always sustainable, and access to these foods may be unequal. At the water-land nexus, new ways of producing aquatic foods hold the potential to reduce the climate footprint in the food system. The governance of, and investment in, aquatic food systems needs to aim to preserve, support and improve aquatic species diversity and to improve access to this highly nutritious food. These efforts need to include multiple stakeholders, such as fishers, community agencies, policy makers and researchers, and be firmly established in both the latest research and in a local/regional context - ecologically and socially. By incorporating different aspects of aquatic foods, this synthesis aims to inspire and inform the reader about the importance of these systems, and means for a sustainable way forward.

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Harris, Jody, Sarah Gibbons, O’Brien Kaaba, Tabitha Hrynick e Ruth Stirton. A ‘Right to Nutrition’ in Zambia: Linking Rhetoric, Law and Practice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), agosto 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.051.

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Zambians in all walks of life are affected by malnutrition, and working through human rights is one key way to address this injustice. Based on research aiming to understand how a ‘right to nutrition’ is perceived by different actors globally and in Zambia, this brief presents a clear framework for a rights-based approach to nutrition in Zambia. This framework identifies rhetorical, legal and practical functions of human rights, and offers a way to think through clearly how different actors might work on the different aspects of rights. Addressing these three aspects of a right to nutrition all together – instead of by very separate constituencies as happens now – is fundamental to a coherent rights-based approach to nutrition. This brief outlines which actors need to come together – from law and policy, activism and communities, across global, national and local levels – and suggests how to start. It lays out the Zambian policy, legal and practical environment as it stands, and suggests actions to move forward in each of these areas in ways that are consistent with the different aspects of rights. Through these steps, Zambia can become known as a hub of action on a right to nutrition, to join with others in using human rights to address the injustice of malnutrition.

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Bannink, A., A. van Ruitenbeek, W. Spek, R. Zom e J. Dijkstra. Protein nutrition of dairy cows : Some relevant further aspects of protein nutrition of dairy cattle, when reducing protein nutrition in dairy cows in view of societal demands. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/644513.

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Sukenik, Assaf, Paul Roessler e John Ohlrogge. Biochemical and Physiological Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Unicellular Algae with Special Emphasis on W-3 Very Long Chain Lipids. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604932.bard.

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Various unicellular algae produce omega-3 (w3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), which are rarely found in higher plants. In this research and other studies from our laboratories, it has been demonstrated that the marine unicellular alga Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) can be used as a reliable and high quality source for the w3 VLC-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This alga is widely used in mariculture systems as the primary component of the artificial food chain in fish larvae production, mainly due to its high EPA content. Furthermore, w3 fatty acids are essential for humans as dietary supplements and may have therapeutic benefits. The goal of this research proposal was to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and accumulation of glycerolipids enriched with w3 VLC-PUFA in Nannochloropsis. The results of our studies demonstrate various aspects of lipid synthesis and its regulation in the alga: 1. Variations in lipid class composition imposed by various environmental conditions were determined with special emphasis on the relative abundance of the molecular species of triacylglycerol (TAG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG). 2. The relationships between the cellular content of major glycerolipids (TAG and MGDG) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis were studied. The results suggested the importance of UDP-galactose diacylglycerol galactosyl (UDGT) in regulation of the cellular level of MGDG. In a current effort we have purified UDGT several hundredfold from Nannochloropsis. It is our aim to purify this enzyme to near homogeneity and to produce antibodies against this enzyme in order to provide the tools for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate this enzyme and carbon allocation into galactolipids. 3. Our in vitro and in vivo labeling studies indicated the possibility that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are associated with desaturation of the structural lipids, whereas shorter chain saturated fatty acids are more likely to be incorporated into TAG. 4. Isolation of several putative mutants of Nannochloropsis which appear to have different lipid and fatty acid compositions than the wild type; a mutant of a special importance that is devoid of EPA was fully characterized. In addition, we could demonstrate the feasibility of Nannochloropsis biomass production for aquaculture and human health: 1) We demonstrated in semi-industrial scale the feasibility of mass production of Nannochloropsis biomass in collaboration with the algae plant NBT in Eilat; 2) Nutritional studies verified the importance algal w3 fatty acids for the development of rats and demonstrated that Nannochloropsis biomass fed to pregnant and lactating rats can benefit their offspring.

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Dutta, Deborah, e Amrita Hazra. ‘There is a Bee in my Balcony’: A Guide to Growing Food Anywhere You Live Using Illustrated Narratives of Diverse Urban Farms. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/tesf0305.2023.

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Food is a fundamental aspect of our everyday life, with deep connections to sustainability and social justice. Unfortunately, our current conventional industrial food systems form a core part of the ecological crisis. To engage with these systems, we require a radical transformation of our relationship with food, acknowledging that we as humans are also a part of the natural environment. Recognising the interdependence of agrobiodiversity, soil health and indigenous knowledge about nutrition and well-being requires the collective participation of diverse socio-economic groups at the local level.

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Roberts, Tony, e Kevin Hernandez. Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition: A Literature Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), gennaio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.018.

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This paper begins by locating the Global Open Data for Agriculture and Nutrition project (GODAN) in the context of wider debates in the open data movement by first reviewing the literature on open data and open data for agriculture and nutrition (ODAN). The review identifies a number of important gaps and limitations in the existing literature. There has been no independent evaluation of who most benefits or who is being left behind regarding ODAN. There has been no independent evaluation of gender or diversity in ODAN or of the development outcomes or impacts of ODAN. The existing research on ODAN is over-reliant on key open data organisations and open data insiders who produce most of the research. This creates bias in the data and analysis. The authors recommend that these gaps are addressed in future research. The paper contributes a novel conceptual ‘SCOTA’ framework for analysing the barriers to and drivers of open data adoption, which could be readily applied in other domains. Using this framework to review the existing literature highlights the fact that ODAN research and practice has been predominantly supply-side focused on the production of open data. The authors argue that if open data is to ‘leave no one behind’, greater attention now needs to be paid to understanding the demand-side of the equation and the role of intermediaries. The paper argues that there is a compelling need to improve the participation of women, people living with disabilities, and other marginalised groups in all aspects of open data for agriculture and nutrition. The authors see a need for further research and action to enhance the capabilities of marginalised people to make effective use of open data. The paper concludes with the recommendation that an independent strategic review of open data in agriculture and nutrition is overdue. Such a review should encompass the structural factors shaping the process of ODAN; include a focus on the intermediary and demand-side processes; and identify who benefits and who is being left behind.

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Cnaani, Avner, Gordon Grau, Darren Lerner e Sheenan Harpaz. Gastrointestinal osmoregulatory activity in Tilapia and its effects on growth, an opportunity for fish diet developments. United States Department of Agriculture, luglio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594393.bard.

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Fish living in freshwater and seawater environments experience constant osmotic pressure between their internal body and the surrounding water. Regulation of ion and water balance under these conditions is highly energetic demanding, and eventually, affects the fish growth. While the role of the gills in osmoregulation was extensively studied, the osmoregulatory activity of the gastrointestinal tract is less known. In this study we characterized the tilapia intestine as a multifunctional organ, having a role in both nutrition and in ion regulation. We studied the pituitary endocrine regulation of intestinal salinity adaptation, the salinity-dependent physiological activity along different intestinal sections, and specific genes that are linking nutrient absorption with ion and acid-base regulation. The results of this study indicate that different intestinal sections developed various specific activities. Their endocrine regulation is now better understood, a large data-set of salinity dependent gene transcript was developed, as well as new tools and methods to study new aspects of intestinal physiology.

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