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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "NQR Spectrometer"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 12 ottobre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "NQR Spectrometer"

Hemnani, Preeti, A. K. Rajarajan, Gopal Joshi e S. V. G. Ravindranath. "Design of probe for NQR/NMR detection". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, n. 4 (1 agosto 2020): 3468. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp3468-3475.

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a RF technique that is able to detect any compound by sensing the excited resonance signals from atomic nuclei having non-zero spin. NQR is similar to NMR but the only difference is NMR needs a DC magnetic field and due to this its application in the field is limited. A FPGA based NQR spectrometer is designed using a single FPGA chip to perform the digital tasks required for NQR spectrometer. Design of Probe for NMR/NQR spectrometer is researched. Parallel tuned and series tuned Probes are discussed and simulated.14N NQR from NaNO2 is observed from spectrometer designed with parallel tuned probe.

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Bielecki, A., D. B. Zax, K. W. Zilm e A. Pines. "Zero‐field NMR and NQR spectrometer". Review of Scientific Instruments 57, n. 3 (marzo 1986): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138898.

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Hemnani, Preeti, A. K. Rajarajan, Gopal Joshi e S. V. G. Ravindranath. "The Building of Pulsed NQR/NMR Spectrometer". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, n. 3 (1 giugno 2018): 1442. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i3.pp1442-1450.

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<p>NQR spectrometer designed is composed of four modules; Transmitter, Probe, Receiver and computer controlled (FPGA & Software) module containing frequency synthesizer, synchronous demodulator, pulse programmer and display. The function of the Transmitter module is to amplify the RF pulse sequence to about 200 W power level into the probe (50 Ohm) which is a parallel resonance circuit with a tapped capacitor. The probe excites the nucleus and picks-up the signal emitted from the nuclei. The nuclear signal at the same frequency as the excitation, which is typically in the range of a few microvolts is amplified, demodulated and filtered (1 kHz to 100 kHz) by receiver module. 14N NQR, 1H and 2H NMR signals are observed from the spectrometer.As the SNR of NQR signal is very low, NQR signal processing based on Adaptive Line Enhancement is presented.</p>

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Blanz, M., T. J. Rayner e J. A. S. Smith. "A fast field-cycling NMR/NQR spectrometer". Measurement Science and Technology 4, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1993): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/4/1/009.

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Mano, Koichi, e Masao Hashimoto. "Computer Enhanced SRO NQR-Spectrometer". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 41, n. 1-2 (1 febbraio 1986): 445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1986-1-287.

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An automatic computer supported SRO NQR spectrometer system was constructed for the measurement of time dependent NQR signal intensities. The system has several functions: fast scanning (500 kH z/25 s), averaging, smoothing, automatic noise level estimation, automatic peak detection, etc. The process of the ß → α phase transition of p-dichlorobenzene is illustrated by the 3-dimensional spectrum .

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Schiano, J. L., e M. D. Ginsberg. "A Pulsed Spectrometer Designed for Feedback NQR". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 55, n. 1-2 (1 febbraio 2000): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2000-1-212.

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A pulsed NQR spectrometer specifically designed to facilitate real-time tuning of pulse sequence parameters is described. A modular approach based on the interconnection of several rack-mounted blocks provides easy access to all spectrometer signals and simplifies the task of modifying the spectrometer design. We also present experimental data that demonstrates the ability of the spectrometer to increase the signal to noise ratio of NQR measurements by automatically adjusting the pulse width in the strong off-resonant comb pulse sequence.

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Hemnani, Preeti, A. K. Rajarajan, Gopal joshi e S. V. G. Ravindranath. "FPGA Based RF Pulse Generator for NQR/NMR Spectrometer". Procedia Computer Science 93 (2016): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.196.

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Khusnutdinov, R. R., G. V. Mozzhukhin, N. R. Khusnutdinova e B. M. Salakhutdinov. "High-Q litz wire NQR sensor for medical applications". Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 25, n. 3 (21 agosto 2023): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2023-25-3-3-11.

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RELEVANCE. The design and development of radio frequency (RF) coil sensors is an important engineering and, at the same time, fundamental task for those radio spectroscopic instruments that require an increase in sensitivity, measured as a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Radio spectroscopy of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), especially in nitrogen compounds, in which the resonant frequency is very low and ranges from a few megahertz or lower to hundreds of kilohertz, requires the use of special solutions to increase the sensitivity. PURPOSE. Theoretical substantiation and search for a technical solution that allows achieving high sensitivity on standard equipment through the use of a high-quality sensor. METHODS. Methods for optimizing the design of sensors for NQR/NMR spectrometers are considered. The design of the sensor for the NQR spectrometer, which contains an inductance coil wound with a Litz wire, has been calculated and designed. RESULTS. A high-quality coil for the spectrometer sensor was made, which gives an increase in the quality factor by about 1.5 times. The use of a spectrometer with this coil made it possible to confidently record weak noisy signals of paracetamol at a low duty cycle. The sensitivity of the sensor made it possible to distinguish preparations from different manufacturers by their spectral characteristics. CONCLUSIONS. A solenoid sensor has been developed, modeled and manufactured, which has a high quality factor and allows recording quadrupole resonance signals of drugs (paracetamol) by a non-destructive method directly through the package. The possibility of using such a sensor for quality control of medicines, detection of falsified and counterfeit medicines is shown.

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Zhenye, Feng, Edwin A. C. Lücken e Jacques Diolot. "A Computer-controlled, Fully Automatic NMR/NQR Double Resonance Spectrometer". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 47, n. 1-2 (1 febbraio 1992): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1992-1-266.

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AbstractA completely automatic computer-controlled NMR/NQR double resonance spectrometer is described. It features automatic tuning of the low, variable frequency power amplifier, thus permitting untended use over long periods, with high sensitivity and signal reproducibility. The sample is transferred between the low-frequency, zero-field region and the high-field region using compressed air and the possibility of switching on a field of several tens of gauss during the transfer of the sample is also included

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Osokin, D. Ya, e R. R. Khusnutdinov. "A two-frequency coherent pulse NQR spectrometer". Instruments and Experimental Techniques 52, n. 1 (gennaio 2009): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020441209010138.

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Tesi sul tema "NQR Spectrometer"

Kachkachi, Noreddine. "Spectromètre RQN à base d’un SoC-FPGA : Conception numérique, vérification fonctionnelle et validation expérimentale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0053.

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La Résonance quadrupolaire Nucléaire (RQN) est une technique de spectroscopie radio fréquence très utile pour l'identification non invasive et l'analyse de produits chimiques. Cependant cette technique souffre de plusieurs problèmes, notamment de la faible sensibilité et pose beaucoup de défis quand à la conception de l'instrumentation RQN. Afin de relever ces défis techniques et d'améliorer davantage les performances, nous proposons de développer ici, une nouvelle approche qui consiste en la numérisation et l'optimisation de l'architecture électronique en vue d'améliorer la sensibilité. Ainsi, j'ai réalisé dans le cadre de cette thèse, la conception, la vérification fonctionnelle ainsi que la validation expérimentale d'un spectromètre RQN à base d'un SoC-FPGA où l'essentiel de la fonctionnalité matérielle et logicielle est intégré sur une seule puce. Les modules que j'ai conçus et intégrés sur le SoC-FPGA sont: un générateur d'impulsions haute résolution, un module d'acquisition entièrement numérique avec un traitement de signal temps réel et FID stocké sur mémoire externe DDR, un module d'émission numérique entièrement contrôlé et un module de débogage. En plus de la partie logique programmable, j'ai développé et intégré sur le processeur embarqué du SoC-FPGA deux applications Linux pour piloter le spectromètre. La conception de cette architecture, numérique et optimisée, a permis ainsi de se doter d'un nouveau spectromètre de performances et de fonctionnalités remarquables par rapport à l'état de l'art et par rapport aux spectromètres portables commerciaux. La miniaturisation et la numérisation ont permis aussi de réaliser la compacité du système et ainsi d'ouvrir la porte à de nouvelles applications industrielles. En plus, la réalisation de cette nouvelle architecture à base de SoC-FPGA, a apporté une amélioration de la sensibilité grâce à une meilleure immunité aux bruits et à une chaîne d'acquisition entièrement numérique avec un traitement de signal performant. Le spectromètre réalisé a été testé avec succès sur plusieurs échantillons de référence ainsi que sur des échantillons à applications pharmaceutiques tels que le paracétamol et le nitroprussiate de sodium
Nuclear Quadrupolar Resonance (NQR) is a radio frequency spectroscopy technique that is very useful for non-invasive identification and analysis of chemical products. However, it suffers from low sensitivity which makes its instrumentation very challenging. In order to tackle these challenges and enhance the performances, especially sensitivity,we present in this thesis a solution which consists in a SoC-FPGA based compact spectrometer, where all the major digital hardware and software modules are integrated on a single System On Chip, including : a high pulse width resolution pulse programmer, a fully controllable transmitter, an acquisition module with real time digital signal processing, and storage of the acquired signal in an external memory, and a hardware debugger, in addition to embedded Linux applications that drive the spectrometer functionalities. This digital integration and miniaturisation brought noticeable performances of the spectrometers' overall functionality, especially in terms of sensitivity and portability. The designed spectrometer was successfully tested on several representative samples

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Ariando, David Joseph. "A Portable Low-Cost NMR Spectrometer". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1515170982121573.

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Digby, Megan Elizabeth. "Broadband DC SQUID NMR spectrometry on metals". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322702.

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This Thesis describes the development of a broadband pulsed NMR spectrometer, based on a sensitive DC SQUID amplifier with wideband electronics, to observe directly the free precession of nuclear spins in bulk metallic samples (with broad NMR linewidths) at Larmor frequencies cß/2 ,r below 1 MHz. The sample is located inside a pickup coil, which forms a superconducting flux transformer with the input coil of the SQUID. The SQUID amplifier operates in a flux-locked-loop (FLL), hence it is sensitive to signals from DC up to the bandwidth of the FLL electronics. A modified commercial DC SQUID amplifier, with modulated feedback electronics, observed NMR signals from bulk platinum samples (T2 - 1.1 ms), at 1.5 K. The SQUID amplifier had a 50 kHz bandwidth, a dead-time - 50 μs, and a coupled energy sensitivity cc - 500h. The measurements showed that it is important to minimise the time-constant of eddy current decay in the sample, which scales with r2, as expected, where r is the sample dimension. A DC SQUID amplifier with additional positive feedback and wideband electronics configured using the direct offset integration technique, observed NMR signals from a bulk aluminium sample (T2 - 30 μs) at 20 mK. This SQUID amplifier had a 7.5 MHz bandwidth, the dead-time was 55 μs for small transmitter pulses and e,; - 600h. The use of a strongly coupled input coil with the SQUID necessitated damping across the coil to smooth out the SQUID flux-voltage characteristicThe NMR measurements showed that eddy current decay is less important if the NMR signal size is enhanced by cooling the sample. Measurements also confirmed that the NMR signal from bulk metal is proportional to 4c0, and that a reasonable estimate of the signal size is made by assuming the signal is due to spins within half the skin-depth of the surface

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Barlow, G. K. "Development and application of some techniques for proton and sodium NMR". Thesis, University of York, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383846.

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Gädke, Achim, Markus Rosenstihl, Christopher Schmitt, Holger Stork e Nikolaus Nestle. "DAMARIS – a flexible and open software platform for NMR spectrometer control". Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-194317.

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Home-built NMR spectrometers with self-written control software have a long tradition in porous media research. Advantages of such spectrometers are not just lower costs but also more flexibility in developing new experiments (while commercial NMR systems are typically optimized for standard applications such as spectroscopy, imaging or quality control applications). Increasing complexity of computer operating systems, higher expectations with respect to user-friendliness and graphical user interfaces as well as increasing complexity of the NMR experiments themselves have made spectrometer control software development a more complex task than it used to be some years ago. Like that, it becomes more and more complicated for an individual lab to maintain and develop an infrastructure of purely homebuilt NMR systems and software. Possible ways out are: ● commercial NMR hardware with full-blown proprietary software or ● semistandardized home-built equipment and common open-source software environment for spectrometer control. Our present activities in Darmstadt aim at providing a nucleus for the second option: DArmstadt MAgnetic Resonance Instrument Software (DAMARIS) [1]. Based on an ordinary PC, pulse control cards and ADC cards, we have developed an NMR spectrometer control platform that comes at a price tag of about 8000 Euro. The present functionalities of DAMARIS are mainly focused on TD-NMR: the software was successfully used in single-sided NMR [2], pulsed and static field gradient NMR diffusometry [3]. Further work with respect to multipulse/multitriggering experiments in the time domain [4] and solid state NMR spectroscopy multipulse experiments are under development.

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Persson, Josef. "Measurement of Reduction Efficiency in Green Liquor Using a NIR Spectrometer". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-318.

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Domsjö Fabriker has earlier installed a Near Infrared (NIR) spectrometer after one of their recovery boilers. The purpose is to monitor the reduction efficiency of the boiler and later do process optimization. In this work calibration models for the instrument have been created. 108 green liquor samples have been extracted. A NIR spectrum was recorded for each sample and the samples were subsequently analyzed in laboratory for total alkali, sulfide and total sulfur. Several calibration models were created with multivariate data analysis and their performance and robustness were compared. The best model was able to predict reduction efficiency with a RMSEP of 2.75 percent units. Moreover, models were created for prediction of total alkali with a RMSEP of 0.108 mol/l, sulfides with a RMSEP of 1.95 g/l, total sulfur with a RMSEP of 2.83 g/l and S/Na2 ratio with a RMSEP of 0.022. The result is good enough that the instrument could be used to optimize the process and monitor process disturbances.

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Hughes, Leslie Peter. "Maximum entropy methods applied to NMR and mass spectrometry". Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3785/.

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Maximum Entropy data processing techniques have been widely available for use by NMR spectroscopisis and mass spectrometrisls since they were first reported as a tool for enhancing damaged images. However, the techniques have been met with a certain amount of scepticism amongst the spectroscopic community; not least their apparent ability to get something for nothing. The aim of the work presented in this thesis is to demonstrate that if these techniques are used carefully and in appropriate situations a great deal of information can be extracted from both NMR and mass spectra. This has been achieved by using the Memsys5 and Massive Inference algorithms to process a range of NMR and mass spectra which suffer from some of the problems which are commonly encountered in spectroscopy, i.e. poor resolution, poor sensitivity, how to process spectra with a wide range of peak widths. The theory underlying the two algorithms is described simply and the techniques for selecting appropriate point spread functions are outlined. Experimental rather than simulated spectra are processed throughout. Throughout this work the Maximum Entropy results are freated with scepticism. A pragmatic approach is employed to demonstrate that the results are valid. It is concluded that the Maximum Entropy methods do have their place amongst the many other data processing strategies used by spectroscopists. If used correctly and in appropriate situations the results can be worth the investment in time needed to obtain a satisfactory result.

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Vilenius, Esa. "On the analysis of near-infrared point spectrometer data for the investigation of lunar surface mineralogy". [Katlenburg-Lindau] Copernicus Publ.***5004719, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996869182/04.

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McGill, Colin Adam. "Studies of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and Raman spectrometries for process analytical chemistry". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248282.

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Gouilleux, Boris. "Gradient-based methodson a benchtop spectrometer : new perspectives for low-field NMR spectroscopy". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4036/document.

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La RMN à haut champ, basée sur des aimants supraconducteurs, est caractérisée par une instrumentation onéreuse et encombrante qui limite son utilisation dans les environnements de production. Le récent renouveau des aimants permanents a engendré des spectromètres RMN de paillasse qui permettent la réalisation d’expériences RMN directement sous la hotte du chimiste. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’améliorer la performance analytique de ces nouveaux spectromètres à bas champ. Dans cette optique, nous avons implémenté pour la première fois la RMN 2D Ultrarapide (UF) ainsi que des méthodes modernes de suppression du signal du solvant sur un spectromètre de paillasse opérant à 43 MHz équipé d’une bobine de gradient de champ magnétique. Suite à plusieurs optimisations, la RMN 2D UF à bas champ délivre des spectres 2D en un temps fortement réduit de qualité tout à fait intéressante. En parallèle, le développement des méthodes de suppressions permet dorénavant d’appréhender l’utilisation de solvant non-deutérés sur des échantillons statiques ou en flux. Ces travaux ont débouché sur de nouvelles opportunités pour la RMN à bas champ. Plusieurs suivis de réactions, réalisés en ligne et en temps réel, ont été menés à bien sur diverses réactions comme le couplage de Heck-Matsuda, la neutralisation de mimes de gaz moutardes ou encore la synthèse d’un composé naturel par chimie en flux. Par ailleurs, la RMN 2D UF à bas champ a été appliquée avec succès pour discriminer des huiles alimentaires en fonction de leurs origines botaniques. Cette méthodologie 2D, compatible avec des analyses à haut débit, démontre une amélioration notable par rapport à la RMN 1D
High-field NMR based on superconducting magnets involves an expensive and bulky equipment, which has hampered the use of NMR in harsh environments. A new generation of benchtop NMR spectrometers, compact and cryogen free, has brought NMR spectroscopy under the chemist’s fume-hood and as close as possible to production sites. The driving force of this PhD project is to improve the analytical performance of these benchtop NMR systems. We report here the first implementation of Ultrafast (UF) 2D NMR- a method yielding 2D NMR spectra in a single scan- as well as modern gradient-based solvent suppression methods on a 43 MHz benchtop spectrometer, including a B0-gradient coil. Substantial optimizations have led to UF experiments at low-field (LF) with a reasonable performance while the acquisition duration is reduced by one order of magnitude. Then, the presence of non-deuterated solvents –commonly used in LF NMR– has been tackled by the development of suppression methods both in static and flowing conditions. This methodological effort has opened new opportunities for benchtop NMR applications. Several on- and in-line real-time monitorings have been performed on different types of chemical reactions: Heck-Matsuda coupling reaction, oxidative neutralization of mustard-gas simulants or even the synthesis of a natural product in flow-chemistry. Besides applications to process monitoring, UF 2D NMR at 43 MHz has been successfully applied to discriminate the botanical origins of a panel of edible oils. This fast 2D approach has provided a better classification than standard 1D experiments while remaining compatible with high-throughput analysis

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Libri sul tema "NQR Spectrometer"

1954-, Jones Christopher, Mulloy Barbara e Thomas Adrian H, a cura di. Spectroscopic methods and analyses: NMR, mass spectrometry, and metalloprotein techniques. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 1993.

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Marshall, Alan G. Fourier transforms in NMR, optical, and mass spectrometry: A user's handbook. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1990.

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Alonso-Salces, M. Rosa. Authentication of virgin olive oil using NMR and isotopic fingerprinting. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Ryabov, Vladimir. Oil and Gas Chemistry. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1017513.

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The textbook provides up-to-date data on the composition and properties of hydrocarbons and other oil and gas compounds, on the physical and chemical methods and methods for separating and identifying oil components (molecular spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, atomic adsorption spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis). The chemistry and mechanism of thermal and catalytic transformations of oil components in the main processes of oil raw materials processing, as well as the problems of the origin of oil and the transformation of oil in the environment are considered. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for training in the course "Chemistry of oil and gas", for the preparation of bachelors, masters and certified specialists in the field of training "Oil and Gas business". It can be used for training in other areas in oil and gas universities and be of interest to specialists working in the field of chemistry and technology of oil refining and in other areas of the oil and gas industry.

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Harwood, John S., e Huaping Mo. Practical NMR Spectroscopy Laboratory Guide : Using Bruker Spectrometers: Using Bruker Spectrometers. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2015.

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Harwood, John S., e Huaping Mo. Practical NMR Spectroscopy Laboratory Guide: Using Bruker Spectrometers. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2015.

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Fourier Transforms in NMR, Optical, and Mass Spectrometry. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2009-0-14190-9.

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Marshall, A. G., e F. R. Verdun. Fourier Transforms in NMR, Optical, and Mass Spectrometry. Elsevier Science, 1989.

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Haque, Rizwanel. Mass Spectrometry and NMR Spectroscopy in Pesticide Chemistry. Springer, 2012.

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Fuller, Scott E. NMR study of heavily doped Si:B. 1994.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "NQR Spectrometer"

Felder, Jörg. "Spectrometer Hardware". In Single-Sided NMR, 221–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16307-4_10.

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Kemp, William. "The NMR Spectrometer". In NMR in Chemistry, 29–44. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18348-7_3.

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Sørland, Geir Humborstad. "PFG NMR Spectrometer". In Dynamic Pulsed-Field-Gradient NMR, 105–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44500-6_4.

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Webb, T. A., Leo Nikkinen, Juan Gallego e D. H. Ryan. "A simple digital TDPAC spectrometer". In HFI / NQI 2012, 347–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6479-8_49.

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Jäger, M., K. Iwig e T. Butz. "A user-friendly fully digital TDPAC-spectrometer". In HFI / NQI 2010, 513–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1269-0_80.

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Hummel, Dietrich O. "Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectrometry". In Atlas of Plastics Additives, 71–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56211-2_6.

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Hall, L. D., H. Chow, S. Luck, T. Marcus, C. Neale, B. Powell, J. Sallos, S. Sukumar, L. Talagala e V. Rajanayagam. "Construction of a Combined High Resolution NMR Spectrometer-Tomograph". In NMR in Living Systems, 217–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4580-7_15.

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Keeler, James, e Peter Wothers. "Spectroscopy". In Chemical Structure and Reactivity. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780199604135.003.0015.

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This chapter discusses mass spectrometry, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The basic function of a mass spectrometer is to measure the mass of a molecule or, more correctly, an ion. A mass spectrometer can only separate and detect charged ions; neutral molecules cannot be detected. Both positive and negative ions can be detected, depending on the technique used. In IR spectroscopy, IR radiation is shone through a sample and certain frequencies (energies) are absorbed as molecules move to higher vibrational energy levels. Meanwhile, NMR looks at the environments of nuclei within molecules and is able to detect which nuclei are close to one another on the bonding network.

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Callaghan, Paul T. "Elements of the NMR Microscope". In Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy, 461–82. Oxford University PressOxford, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198539445.003.0009.

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Abstract NMR microscopy has now become a standard option on several commercial spectrometers although few manufacturers offer magnetic field gradients of sufficient magnitude or stability to perform effective PGSE experiments with q in excess of (1 µm)-1. In keeping with the emphasis on principles adopted in this monograph, this chapter contains only a brief review of salient elements of the microscope, avoiding standard aspects of NMR spectrometer design and dealing principally with the most troublesome feature, the field gradients. Readers wishing to learn more about practical aspects of general NMR spectroscopy are referred to the excellent book by Fukushima and Roeder, and, for information on imaging system hardware, to the comprehensive text by Chen and Hoult. In addition, individual NM R companies supply a variety of useful technical and applications notes.

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Clayden, Jonathan, Nick Greeves e Stuart Warren. "Determining organic structures". In Organic Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780199270293.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the determination of organic structures, looking at three different methods of spectroscopy: mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. It is not easy to weigh a neutral molecule, and a mass spectrometer works by measuring the mass of a charged ion instead: the charge is used because the molecule controllable by an electric field. A mass spectrometer therefore has three basic components: something to volatilize and ionize the molecule into a beam of charged particles; something to focus the beam so that particles of the same mass–charge ratio are separated from all others; and something to detect the particles. Meanwhile, NMR allows us to detect atomic nuclei and say what sort of environment they are in within the molecule. Finally, infrared spectroscopy detects the stretching and bending of bonds rather than any property of the atoms themselves.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "NQR Spectrometer"

Clavier, Cannelle, Mustapha Meftah, Nicolas Rouanet e Jean-François Mariscal. "A NIR spectrometer onboard Uvsq-Sat NG satellite for observing greenhouse gases". In Earth Observing Systems XXIX, a cura di Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong, Xingfa Gu e Jeffrey S. Czapla-Myers, 3. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3028687.

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Hemnani, Preeti, A. K. Rajarajan, Gopal Joshi, Paresh D. Motiwala e S. V. G. Ravindranath. "FPGA based pulsed NQR spectrometer". In SOLID STATE PHYSICS: Proceedings of the 58th DAE Solid State Physics Symposium 2013. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4872710.

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Hemnani, Preeti, Gopal Joshi, A. K. Rajarajan e S. V. G. Ravindranath. "14N NQR spectrometer for explosive detection: A review". In 2016 International Conference on Automatic Control and Dynamic Optimization Techniques (ICACDOT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacdot.2016.7877761.

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Samila, Andriy, Galina Lastivka e Leonid Politansky. "A computational model of signal transformations in pulsed NQR spectrometer". In 2016 13th International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio Engineering. Telecommunications and Computer Science (TCSET). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcset.2016.7451961.

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Safronov, Igor, Taras Kazemirskiy e Andrii Samila. "Development of Hardware for Digital Control System of Pulsed NQR Spectrometer". In 2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Advanced Information and Communication Technologies (AICT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aict52120.2021.9628953.

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Samila, A. P., O. V. Hres e H. M. Rozorynov. "Hardware and software implementation of data acquisition system for pulsed NQR spectrometer". In 2018 14th International Conference on Advanced Trends in Radioelecrtronics, Telecommunications and Computer Engineering (TCSET). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcset.2018.8336402.

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Samila, Andriy, Oleksandra Hotra, Leonid Politansky e Sviatoslav Khrapko. "Application of a statically configured FPGA in the digital control system of the NQR radio spectrometer". In Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2018, a cura di Ryszard S. Romaniuk e Maciej Linczuk. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2500217.

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Samila, A. P., L. F. Politansky e O. Z. Hotra. "A portable Digital Multipulse NQR Spectrometer for the Study of the Sensory Properties, Structure and Defects in Layered Semiconductors". In 2020 IEEE 15th International Conference on Advanced Trends in Radioelectronics, Telecommunications and Computer Engineering (TCSET). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcset49122.2020.235400.

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Zimmerleiter, Robert, Paul Gattinger, Kristina Duswald, Thomas Reischer e Markus Brandstetter. "Fiber-Coupled MEMS-based NIR Spectrometers for Material Characterization in Industrial Environments". In OCM 2021 - 5th International Conference on Optical Characterization of Materials. KIT Scientific Publishin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58895/ksp/1000128686-15.

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Recently emerged near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers based on micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) are a highly compact, rugged and cost-efficient alternative to infrared spectrometers conventionally used in industrial environments. The majority of the devices currently available are designed for measurements in diffuse reflection geometry in close contact with the sample, with built-in low-power halogen light sources – usually intended for consumer applications. However, for most material characterization applications in the industrial environment such a measurement configuration is neither feasible, nor practical. Using light transmitting optical fibers in combination with a measurement probe and a high power fiber-coupled light source is often preferable. In this contribution we compare various fiber-coupled NIR-spectrometers based on different MEMS technologies and demonstrate the applicability of MEMS spectrometer technology in industrial environments.

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Kitagawa, Kuniyuki, Shigeaki Morita, Kenji Kodama e Kozo Matsumoto. "Spectroscopic Monitoring of Energy Systems (Calvin W. Rice Lecture)". In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81047.

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A review is presented for monitoring of chemical species in flames and plasmas used for energy systems. The monitoring systems studied in our group include the followings. 1. Developments and applications of planar laser induced fluorescence spectrometry (PLIF) using isotope effect and laser-induced plasma spectrometry (LIPS) for two-dimensional combustion analyses. 2. Development of direct measurements of chemical species during combustion by coupling flames and mass spectrometers. 3. Development of in-situ monitoring of polymer electrolyte fuel cells by near infrared spectrometry (NIR).

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "NQR Spectrometer"

Black, Bruce Elmer. Methyl quantum tunneling and nitrogen-14 NQR NMR studies using a SQUID magnetic resonance spectrometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10125943.

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Agassi, Menahem, Michael J. Singer, Eyal Ben-Dor, Naftaly Goldshleger, Donald Rundquist, Dan Blumberg e Yoram Benyamini. Developing Remote Sensing Based-Techniques for the Evaluation of Soil Infiltration Rate and Surface Roughness. United States Department of Agriculture, novembre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586479.bard.

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The objective of this one-year project was to show whether a significant correlation can be established between the decreasing infiltration rate of the soil, during simulated rainstorm, and a following increase in the reflectance of the crusting soil. The project was supposed to be conducted under laboratory conditions, using at least three types of soils from each country. The general goal of this work was to develop a method for measuring the soil infiltration rate in-situ, solely from the reflectance readings, using a spectrometer. Loss of rain and irrigation water from cultivated fields is a matter of great concern, especially in arid, semi-arid regions, e.g. much of Israel and vast area in US, where water is a limiting factor for crop production. A major reason for runoff of rain and overhead irrigation water is the structural crust that is generated over a bare soils surface during rainfall or overhead irrigation events and reduces its infiltration rate (IR), considerably. IR data is essential for predicting the amount of percolating rainwater and runoff. Available information on in situ infiltration rate and crust strength is necessary for the farmers to consider: when it is necessary to cultivate for breaking the soil crust, crust strength and seedlings emergence, precision farming, etc. To date, soil IR is measured in the laboratory and in small-scale field plots, using rainfall simulators. This method is tedious and consumes considerable resources. Therefore, an available, non-destructive-in situ methods for soil IR and soil crusting levels evaluations, are essential for the verification of infiltration and runoff models and the evaluation of the amount of available water in the soil. In this research, soil samples from the US and Israel were subjected to simulated rainstorms of increasing levels of cumulative energies, during which IR (crusting levels) were measured. The soils from the US were studied simultaneously in the US and in Israel in order to compare the effect of the methodology on the results. The soil surface reflectance was remotely measured, using laboratory and portable spectrometers in the VIS-NIR and SWIR spectral region (0.4-2.5mm). A correlation coefficient spectra in which the wavelength, consisting of the higher correlation, was selected to hold the highest linear correlation between the spectroscopy and the infiltration rate. There does not appear to be a single wavelength that will be best for all soils. The results with the six soils in both countries indeed showed that there is a significant correlation between the infiltration rate of crusted soils and their reflectance values. Regarding the wavelength with the highest correlation for each soil, it is likely that either a combined analysis with more then one wavelength or several "best" wavelengths will be found that will provide useful data on soil surface condition and infiltration rate. The product of this work will serve as a model for predicting infiltration rate and crusting levels solely from the reflectance readings. Developing the aforementioned methodologies will allow increased utilization of rain and irrigation water, reduced runoff, floods and soil erosion hazards, reduced seedlings emergence problems and increased plants stand and yields.

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Butterweck, Gernot, Alberto Stabilini, Benno Bucher, David Breitenmoser, Ladislaus Rybach, Cristina Poretti, Stéphane Maillard et al. Aeroradiometric measurements in the framework of the swiss exercise ARM23. Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI, marzo 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55402/psi:60054.

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The flights of the civil (ARM23c) and military (ARM23m) parts of the exercise were performedbetween June 19th and 23rd and between September 11th and September 15th,respectively. The measuring system RLL001 was employed for all measurements. As usual, during the civil exercise the environs of some of the Swiss nuclear power plants were screened, on behalf of the Swiss Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI). At the site of the nuclear power plant Gösgen (KKG) with its pressurized water reactor, the activation products of the primary coolant loop are kept in the well shielded reactor building, thus generating no elevated readings neither on the premises nor in the vicinity of the power plant. The nuclear power plant of Mühleberg (KKM) is now being decommissioned. During this phase, activated components are temporarily stored and processed on the plant premises. The dose rate produced by these components, easily detected and identified with the Swiss airborne gamma spectrometry system, is nevertheless very modest and closely monitored by the Swiss Nuclear Safety Inspectorate (ENSI). Search exercises for radionuclide sources were performed in both parts of ARM23. The operational software of the RLL systems was able to detect the radionuclide sources placed in military training areas. The Man-Made Gross-Count (MMGC) ratio demonstrated a good sensitivity for the identification of radionuclide sources. Nevertheless, a weak radionuclide source placed in the field of view of the helicopter (300 m x 300 m at a ground clearance of 100 m) together with a much stronger radionuclide source emitting higher energy photons was obscured due to Compton scattered photons and therefore could not be detected. Measurements of two teams using drones equipped with radiation monitors demonstrated that low flying drones (ground clearance below 10 m) can be a valuable and complementary tool to identify sources and to further reduce the target area to be searched with ground teams. An altitude profile over Lake Constance confirmed the already observed influence of airborne radon progeny on the determination of cosmic and background corrections. Background flights were performed over several Swiss regions. Besides attenuation effects of water bodies, variations of natural radionuclide content could be observed. A new flight strategy in alpine topography was tested near the Swiss mountain Chrüz. Following contour lines of the topography reduces the necessity for drastic flight altitude changes compared to the parallel line pattern normally used, but is much more challenging for the pilots.

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