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1
Duffy, Jane C. "Arctic Science and Technology Information System". Charleston Advisor 23, n. 2 (1 ottobre 2021): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5260/chara.23.2.5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ASTIS offers over 83,000 records that provide freely available access to publications, including research and research projects, about Canada's north. This database is a product of the Arctic Institute of North America at the University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada which also maintains subsidiary regional, subject, and initiative-based databases. The subsidiary databases are all housed within and accessible through the main ASTIS database. Examples of the smaller databases include: ArcticNet Publications Database, the Nunavik Bibliography, and the Northern Granular Resources Bibliographic Database. ASTIS offers the ability to browse through its access points, including its own thesauri, thus permitting users to select and use a variety of free-text and controlled search terms.
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Kenefick, S. L., N. J. Low, S. E. Hrudey e B. G. Brownlee. "A review of off-flavour tainting of drinking water and fish by pulp mill effluents". Water Science and Technology 31, n. 11 (1 giugno 1995): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0401.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Countries with major pulp and paper industries have experienced water or fish tainting episodes in the aquatic environment downstream from these discharges. Identification, control or prevention of such industry-specific odour events is not possible without a thorough understanding of the off-flavour compounds involved. A lengthy review of the available technical reports, government documents, books and periodical articles that document the current knowledge about water and fish tainting in the river basins of Northern Alberta has been published by Kenefick and Hrudey. The purpose of this full length review was to identify the incidence of or the potential for off-flavour tainting of fish and water by components discharged into the Peace, Athabasca, and Slave rivers from various sources. There is a relatively weak literature base directly related to taste and odour problems attributable to pulp mills in the Northern Alberta river basins. Consequently, discussions of other pulp mill related incidents of taste and odour problems throughout the world were also reviewed. There is little published information which addresses recent advances in pulping and bleaching technology and their effects on water and fish tainting. This paper provides an abbreviated version of the full review.
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Wylde, Jonathan J. "Successful Field Application of Novel, Nonsilicone Antifoam Chemistries for High-Foaming Heavy-Oil Storage Tanks in Northern Alberta". SPE Production & Operations 25, n. 01 (1 febbraio 2010): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/117176-pa.
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Wylde, Jonathan J., Steven E. Coscio e Victor Barbu. "A Case History of Heavy-Oil Separation in Northern Alberta: A Singular Challenge of Demulsifier Optimization and Application". SPE Production & Operations 25, n. 01 (1 febbraio 2010): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/117177-pa.
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Lord, E. R. F., e B. A. A. Isaac. "Geotechnical investigations of dredged overburden at the Syncrude oil sand mine in northern Alberta, Canada". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 26, n. 1 (1 febbraio 1989): 132–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t89-014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The feasibility of constructing a stable overburden waste dump using hydraulic techniques has been investigated. A joint Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority - Syncrude field pilot resulted in a total of 25 000 m3 of overburden being dredged, hydraulically transported in lump form, and deposited in a number of study cells. The geotechnical properties of the deposits were tested in the field and laboratory. The results indicate that the potential exists to hydraulically construct waste dumps with Pleistocene materials. Clearwater Formation clay shale can also be hydraulically transported in lump form but the resulting deposit requires containment. Key words: dredging, overburden, clay lumps, geotechnical testing, case histories, waste dump.
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Bryan, Jonathan L., An T. Mai, Florence M. Hum e Apostolos Kantzas. "Oil and Water Content Measurements in Bitumen Ore and Froth Samples Using Low Field NMR". SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 9, n. 06 (1 dicembre 2006): 654–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/97802-pa.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry has been used successfully to perform estimates of oil and water content in unconsolidated oil-sand samples. This work has intriguing applications in the oil-sands mining and processing industry, in the areas of ore and froth characterization. Studies have been performed on a database of ore and froth samples from the Athabasca region in northern Alberta, Canada. In this paper, new automated algorithms are presented that predict the oil- and water-weight content of oil-sand ores and froths. Suites of real and synthetic samples of bitumen, water, clay, and sand have also been used to investigate the physical interactions of the different parameters on the NMR spectra. Preliminary observations regarding spectral properties indicate that it may be possible in the future to estimate the amount of clay in the samples, based upon shifts in the NMR spectra. NMR estimates of oil and water content are fairly accurate, thus enhancing the possibility of using NMR for oil-sands development and in the oil-sands mining industry. Introduction The oil sands of northern Alberta contain some of the world's largest deposits of heavy oil and bitumen. As our conventional oil reserves continue to decline, these oil sands will be the future of the Canadian oil industry for years to come and will allow Canada to continue to be a world leader in both oil production and technology development. Approximately 19% of these bitumen reserves are found in unconsolidated deposits that lie close enough to the surface that they can be recovered with surface-mining technology (Alberta Energy and Utilities Board 2004). In 2003, this translated to 35% of all heavy-oil and bitumen production (Alberta Energy and Utilities Board 2004), and numerous companies have invested billions of dollars in oil-sands mine-development projects. Furthermore, many in-situ bitumen-recovery options are currently being designed and field tested for recovering oil in deeper formations (Natl. Energy Board 2004). Being able to predict oil properties and fluid saturation in situ and process optimization of bitumen extraction (frothing) is therefore of considerable value to the industry. There are several areas in oil-sands development operations where it is important to have an estimate of the oil, water, and solids content of a given sample. During initial characterization of the reservoir, it is necessary to determine oil and water content with depth and location in the reservoir. Fluid-content determination with logging tools would be beneficial for all reservoir-characterization studies, whether for oil-sands mining or in-situ bitumen recovery. In mining operations, during the processing of the mined oil-sand ore, having information about the oil, water, and solids content during the extraction process will allow for improved process optimization and control. The industry standard for measuring oil, water, and solids content accurately is the Dean-Stark (DS) extraction method (Core Laboratories 1992). This is essentially a distillation procedure, whereby boiling solvent is used to vaporize water and separate the oil from the sand. Oil, water, and solids are separated and their contents measured separately. The problem with DS is that it requires large amounts of solvents and is time consuming. Centrifuge technology is often used for faster process control, but this can be inaccurate because of similar fluid densities and the presence of emulsions. New methods for fast measurements of oil, water, and solids content are needed.
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Manzano-Kareah, B. K. "Geochemistry of medium gravity crude oils in southern Alberta and northern Montana". Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 52, n. 2 (1 giugno 2004): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/52.2.105.
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MacIsaac, D. A., S. Lux, D. Sidders e I. Edwards. "Hotchkiss River Mixedwood Timber Harvesting Study". Forestry Chronicle 75, n. 3 (1 giugno 1999): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc75435-3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Hotchkiss River Mixedwood Timber Harvesting Study is a cooperative project involving Canadian Forest Service, Daishowa-Marubeni International Ltd., Manning Diversified Forest Products Ltd., the Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada and Alberta Land and Forest Service aimed at developing new approaches to natural regeneration and harvesting systems for western Canada's boreal mixedwood forests, at a site near the Hotchkiss River in northwestern Alberta. The study used conventional harvesting equipment to test eleven harvesting and silvicultural systems designed to protect and minimize wind damage to immature white spruce residuals and encourage vigorous hardwood regeneration following harvest of the aspen overstory. Research areas include wind damage, wind firmness and growth response of the immature white spruce, effects of harvesting disturbance and timing on soil properties, conifer and hardwood regeneration after harvest, efficiency of equipment and harvesting costs, modelling of wind flow and long-term growth and yield. Already in its sixth year, the project has a planned 20year series of harvests and surveys. Technology transfer is an important component of this study for delivery and promotion of research results on behalf of the proponents and all related research collaborators. Products include demonstration maps and field guides, self-guided tour trails with interpretive signage and field tours (including active operations) as required. Hotchkiss River has also been designated a Forest Ecosystem Research Network (FERN) site. Key words: silviculture systems, white spruce, Picea glauca, aspen, Populus tremuloides, understory protection, harvesting, Alberta, boreal mixedwoods, technology transfer
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CHILINGARIAN, GEORGE V. "A review of: “An Evaluation of Crude Oil Supply in Saskatchewan”, James N. Tanner, (Calgary, Alberta: Canadian Energy Research Institute, 1987) 161 pp." Energy Sources 13, n. 4 (ottobre 1991): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908319108945386.
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Serkova, Vera A., Tatyana I. Simonenko e Oleg V. Samylov. "THE RUSSIAN EXPERIENCE OF INTERCULTURAL INTERACTION WITH THE NORTHERN PEOPLES (THE CASE OF THE EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE INSTITUTE OF THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH IN LENINGRAD)". Научное мнение, n. 10 (23 ottobre 2023): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25807/22224378_2023_10_31.
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The article examines the Russian experience of intercultural interaction with the peoples of the North based on the analysis of the forms and methods of introducing representatives of the peoples of the northern outskirts to the Russian educational tradition aimed, on the one hand, at adaptation of the small northern peoples to Russian cultural life, on the other hand, at preservation of the ethnic and cultural identity and reproduction of the forms of national culture. The development of the Arctic by the Russian explorers, the economic, political and cultural introduction to the Russian world of the nomadic population, which was mostly at the primitive stage of civilisational development, revealed to the world a unique experience of territory development and harmonious assimilation of the “small peoples” who inhabited these territories. The article pays special attention to the art workshops of the Institute of the Peoples of the North, where northern artists with exceptional natural talent were trained and special approaches to the development of their creative abilities to artistic creativity were developed. The article analyses the formation of a special “northern” art style in the workshops of the Institute in the 1930s as an example of successful cooperation between professional teachers and naive artists of the North, one of their brightest representatives being the original Nenets artist Konstantin Pankov.
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Montgomery, Douglas S. "The Chemistry of Alberta Oil Sands Bitumens and Heavy Oils Written by O. P. Strausz and Elizabeth M. Lown. Published by Alberta Energy Research Institute (www. aeri.ab.ca.), Calgary T2P 3W2, Alberta, Canada, 2003, 695 pp. ISBN 0778530965. Price: 200.00 Cdn$. Shipping and Handling: Local, $3.00; Elsewhere in Canada, $15.00; United States, $20.00; International, $25.00." Energy & Fuels 18, n. 4 (luglio 2004): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef040010b.
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Zagayevskiy, Yevgeniy, e Clayton V. Deutsch. "Application of Grid-Free Geostatistical Simulation to a Large Oil-Sands Reservoir". SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 19, n. 03 (4 aprile 2016): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/180917-pa.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary Geostatistical simulation is performed for reservoir characterization to depict local variability in the modeled properties. The conventional simulation methods are implemented in a grid-dependent manner that makes regridding of realizations, refinement of existing grids, and the simulation on irregular grids challenging. The grid-free-simulation (GFS) method has been recently developed for flexible reservoir characterization. The geostatistical realizations of a reservoir are expressed as an analytical function of the coordinates of the simulation locations and, thus, are infinitely resolvable. The resulting model is conditioned to primary scattered point-scale hard data and secondary exhaustively sampled block-scale soft data. The former data are sampled along wells, whereas the latter data are from seismic surveys. The GFS methodology is applied to the Firebag oil-sands thermal project operated in northern Alberta, Canada. The conditioning data are point-scale core measurements, log observations, and block-scale acoustic impedance (AI). The models of correlated porosity, permeability, and water saturation attributes are constructed on three different grids by facies and are consistent with each other. These models are intended for resource estimation, reserves estimation, and subsequent-flow simulation, respectively. The modeling results of the grid-independent simulation method are promising for industrial application to petroleum reservoir characterization.
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Sandahl, I., e A. Wikström. "Space education in Kiruna, Northern Sweden". Advances in Geosciences 3 (16 giugno 2005): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-3-35-2005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. The town of Kiruna in the north of Sweden has a concentration of space activities and space research with, for example, the Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Esrange, the ESA Salmijärvi satellite station, and EISCAT (European Incoherent Scatter Radar) Scientific Association. The Department of Space Science is a joint department between the two most northern universities in Sweden, Luleå University of Technology and Umeå University in collaboration with the Swedish Institute of Space Physics. It offers a range of education programmes in the space field. There are bachelor and master programmes in space engineering, and a bridging programme for students without a science background from secondary school. The Department also contributes to courses for teachers, Ph.D. courses and secondary school level courses. One master´s program and a three week summer course are given entirely in English and welcome international students. Thanks to good cooperation with Esrange students can build and fly experiments on high altitude balloons and sounding rockets and also take a large responsibility for the management of the projects. Close interaction with research and industry is an important part of the education.
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RIEKE, HERMAN H. "A review of: Michele McLachlan, “Replacement Costs for Oil and Gas in Western Canada: Methodologies and Application” (Canadian Energy Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, 1990), 101 pp., $75.00 (Canadian)." Energy Sources 13, n. 3 (luglio 1991): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908319108956424.
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Hayashi, Haruo, e Eiichi Fukuyama. "Special Issue on NIED Frontier Research on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2019". Journal of Disaster Research 14, n. 9 (1 dicembre 2019): 1139. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p1139.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) is working on three tasks: predicting disasters, preventing damage, and realizing speedy reconstruction and recovery efforts in the event of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, torrential rains, blizzards, and ice storms. In the last three years of the NIED’s fourth mid/long term plan period, which began in 2016, natural disasters have occurred every year, including earthquake disasters such as the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (M7.3) and the 2018 Iburi, Hokkaido, earthquake (M7.1). Disasters of the rainfall include the heavy rainfall in the northern Kyushu (Fukuoka and Oita) in July 2017, the heavy rain event in southwestern Japan in July 2018, the rainfall in northern Kyushu (Saga) in August 2019, and the heavy rainfall in Kanto and Tohoku in October 2019. There were also other disasters: an avalanche accident on Nasudake in 2017 and a phreatic eruption of Kusatsu-Shiranesan in 2018. Due to the above-mentioned very frequent occurrence of such natural disasters on the Japanese islands, our institute has conducted several research projects to mitigate the damage from such disasters and to accelerate the recovery from them. As the third NIED special issue in the Journal of Disaster Research, several related research results were presented such as those on seismic disasters (Wakai et al., Nakazawa et al., and Ohsumi et al.), those on climatic disasters (Nakamura, and Ishizawa and Danjo), and those of their integrated researches for disaster risk reduction (Cui et al. and Nakajima et al.). Although the achievements detailed in these papers are the results of individual research, the NIED hopes that these results as a whole will be fully utilized to promote science and technology for disaster risk reduction and resilience. The NIED hopes that this special issue awakens the readers’ interest in new research and, of course, creates an opportunity for further collaborative works with us.
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Anderson, Alyssa Erin, e Gordon Hensel. "Les opticiens de l’Alberta possèdent-ils les compétences requises pour exécuter des examens de la réfraction et prescrire un appareil optique de façon autonome et en toute sécurité?" Canadian Journal of Optometry 83, n. 1 (25 febbraio 2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjo.v83i1.3602.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’Alberta est l’une des trois provinces canadiennes qui autorisent les opticiens à effectuer des examens de la réfraction. Récemment, l’Alberta College and Asso-ciation of Opticians (ACAO) a demandé que le champ d’exercice des opticiens soit élargi pour inclure la capacité de prescrire des appareils optiques, qui est actuellement réservée aux optométristes et aux ophtalmologistes. Tout au long du présent document, le terme « prescrire » devrait être interprété comme la prescription d’un appareil optique, et non comme celle d’un agent pharmaceu-tique thérapeutique. Dans le présent document, nous cherchons à déterminer si les opticiens qui effectuent des examens de la réfraction désignés en Alberta ont une formation et des connaissances adéquates pour exécuter un examen et pre-scrire un appareil optique de façon autonome en toute sécurité. Pour répondre à cette question de recherche, nous avons dressé une liste de 27 compétences qui selon nous sont requises pour prescrire et faire des examens de la réfrac-tion de façon autonome en toute sécurité. Nous avons ensuite évalué les pro-grammes d’optique du Northern Alberta Institute of Technology (NAIT) et les examens d’entrée dans la profession administrés par l’Association nationale des autorités de réglementation des opticiens du Canada (NACOR) de même que le Bureau des examinateurs en optométrie du Canada (BEOC) pour déterminer s’ils couvrent ces 27 compétences. Nos constatations montrent que les pro-grammes de sciences optiques du NAIT ne couvrent pas ou n’évaluent pas dans la pratique plus de la moitié (59 %) des compétences requises pour prescrire et exécuter des examens de la réfraction de façon autonome en toute sécurité, et que l’examen de la NACOR ne couvre pas 77 % de ces compétences. Selon cette information, les opticiens qui effectuent des examens de la réfraction désignés en Alberta ne possèdent pas la formation et les connaissances nécessaires pour exécuter cet examen et prescrire un appareil optique de façon autonome en toute sécurité. Le fait d’accorder aux opticiens le pouvoir légal de prescrire et d’exécuter des examens de façon autonome peut donner lieu à un problème de santé publique, car il pourrait y avoir une augmentation du nombre de maladies oculaires et systémiques non diagnostiquées ou non détectées.
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Chiaraluce, L., C. Collettini, M. Cattaneo e G. Monachesi. "The shallow boreholes at The AltotiBerina near fault Observatory (TABOO; northern Apennines of Italy)". Scientific Drilling 17 (29 aprile 2014): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-17-31-2014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. As part of an interdisciplinary research project, funded by the European Research Council and addressing the mechanics of weak faults, we drilled three 200–250 m-deep boreholes and installed an array of seismometers. The array augments TABOO (The AltotiBerina near fault ObservatOry), a scientific infrastructure managed by the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. The observatory, which consists of a geophysical network equipped with multi-sensor stations, is located in the northern Apennines (Italy) and monitors a large and active low-angle normal fault. The drilling operations started at the end of 2011 and were completed by July 2012. We instrumented the boreholes with three-component short-period (2 Hz) passive instruments at different depths. The seismometers are now fully operational and collecting waveforms characterised by a very high signal to noise ratio that is ideal for studying microearthquakes. The resulting increase in the detection capability of the seismic network will allow for a broader range of transients to be identified.
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Golder, A., e I. Roy. "Safety aspects of large dragline-operated opencast mines - An overview". Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 122, n. 1 (31 gennaio 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1452/2022.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Jayant opencast operation is one of the largest opencast coal mines in India. Prior to 2008 the mine experienced a number of dragline dump failures, which was a major hindrance in sustaining production. Northern Coalfields Limited (NCL) and the mine management engaged several design, research, and academic institutions to carry out dump slope stability studies, particularly of dragline dumps. Birla Institute of Technology prepared a report on the investigations in May 2009. In this paper we review the findings of the report and the measures taken to tackle the safety aspects of dragline dumps.
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Hayashi, Haruo, e Toshikazu Tanada. "Special Issue on NIED Frontier Research on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2018". Journal of Disaster Research 13, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2018): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p0831.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) is working on three tasks: predicting disasters, preventing damage, and realizing speedy reconstruction and recovery efforts in the event of natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, torrential rains, blizzards, and ice storms. In the last two years of the NIED’s fourth mid/long term plan period, which began in 2016, the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (M6.5 and M7.3), the heavy rainfall in the Northern Kyushu District in July 2017, and the heavy rain event of July 2018 are listed as “named” disasters, named by Japan Meteorological Agency. In addition, there were other disasters: an avalanche accident on Nasudake in 2017, an earthquake (M6.1) with its epicenter in northern Osaka, an eruption of Kirishimayama (Shinmoedake and Ioyama) and a phreatic eruption of Kusatsu-Shiranesan in 2018. The results of research done on the above-mentioned disasters and the latest results of ongoing projects in each research division and center were compiled as the second NIED special issue of the Journal of Disaster Research (JDR). In this special issue, we are delighted to present ten papers on three topics: climatic disasters, seismic disasters, and integrated research on disaster risk reduction. In particular, this special issue contains three papers on the above-mentioned heavy rainfall in the Northern Kyushu District in July 2017 and two papers related to the Kumamoto earthquake. Although the achievements detailed in these papers are the results of individual research, the NIED hopes that these results as a whole will be fully utilized to promote science and technology for disaster risk reduction and resilience. The NIED hopes that this special issue awakens the readers’ interest in new research and, of course, creates an opportunity for further collaborative works with us.
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Hauck, Tyler E., e Matthias Grobe. "Upper Elk Point subgroup paleogeography and evaporite distribution with implications for evaporite dissolution, karstification, and carbonate diagenesis in northeastern Alberta". Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 68, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2020): 91–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.35767/gscpgbull.68.4.91.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Lithostratigraphic correlation and mapping of formations and units within the Upper Elk Point subgroup provide updated information on their extent and distribution within the province of Alberta. Together with detailed bed-scale evaporite mapping of three evaporite minerals — halite, anhydrite, and gypsum — within evaporitic successions for net-thickness maps, these data allow new representations of the paleogeography of these units across the province. Paleogeographic maps of the Keg River, Prairie Evaporite and Muskeg formations reveal new details on the location of the La Crete sub-basin in northern Alberta, and the distribution and nature of Keg River Formation buildups and the overlying evaporite strata within this depositional realm. Net-evaporite mapping gives a robust picture of the distribution of Upper Elk Point subgroup evaporites, and allows for a detailed characterization of heterogeneities, halite dissolution, and sulphate karstification. Mapping of gypsum reveals that rehydration of anhydrite to gypsum (gypsification) through meteoric inflow is most pronounced within the La Crete sub-basin in northeastern Alberta, particularly where thick anhydrite deposits are associated with interbuildup basinal areas east of the Prairie Evaporite halite dissolution scarp. This association provides an explanation for the location of where active gypsification, dissolution and associated karstification is occurring and where it can be expected to occur. The process of gypsification, and ultimately sulphate dissolution, is requisite for the formation of porous dedolomite zones within the carbonates of the Prairie Evaporite Formation. Dedolomitized beds are recognized as aquifer units that are known to have contributed to Devonian-sourced, high-salinity water inflows to mine pits in the mineable oil sands area. Evidence is provided for a top-down advancement of halite and sulphate dissolution in all evaporites in northeastern Alberta. Circular, chain-like karst lakes are likely surficial expressions of the meteoric conduits for top-down karstification of sulphates east of the Prairie Evaporite halite dissolution scarp, similar to that observed in the well-documented sulphate karst district of Wood Buffalo National Park.
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Hogberg, Jeffrey I., M. Derek MacKenzie e Bradley D. Pinno. "Using a nutrient profile index to assess reclamation strategies in the Athabasca oil sands region of northern Alberta". Journal of Environmental Quality 49, n. 1 (gennaio 2020): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeq2.20026.
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Zhao, Litong. "Steam Alternating Solvent Process". SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 10, n. 02 (1 aprile 2007): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/86957-pa.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary A new heavy-oil-recovery process, the steam alternating solvent (SAS) process, is proposed and studied using numerical simulation. The process is intended to combine the advantages of the steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) and vapor-extraction (vapex) processes to minimize the energy input per unit oil recovered. The SAS process involves injecting steam and solvent alternately, and the basic well configurations are the same as those in the SAGD process. Field-scale simulations were conducted to assess the SAS process performance under typical Cold Lake, Alberta, reservoir conditions. These results suggested that the oil-production rate of an SAS process could be higher than that of a SAGD process, while the energy input was 18% less than that of a SAGD process. By varying the length of the steam- and solvent-injection periods in a cycle, a different set of steam/oil and solvent/oil ratios may be obtained because the temperature profiles and solvent-concentration distributions in the vapor chamber can be affected by the injection pattern. The process therefore can be optimized for a specific reservoir under certain economic conditions. Introduction There are large heavy-oil and bitumen deposits in many areas of the world. The resources are especially enormous in northern Alberta, Canada. However, the high viscosity of these oils, usually more than 10 000 mPa×s, hinders the recovery of these resources. To recover such petroleum resources, two types of methods exist for the reduction of oil viscosity. The first is to increase oil temperature. This can be achieved by injecting a hot fluid, such as steam, into the formation, or by in-situ combustion through injecting oxygen-containing gases. The second method is to dilute the viscous petroleum by lower-viscosity hydrocarbon solvent. This method involves injecting a hydrocarbon solvent, such as propane or butane, or a mixture of hydrocarbons into the oil reservoir. As the solvent dissolves into viscous oil, the viscosity of the mixture becomes much lower than the original viscosity of the heavy oil. The diluted oil then can be recovered. The combinations of the above viscosity reduction methods and the horizontal-well technology have been the focus of research for the past 20 years. Two processes, SAGD and vapex, have been developed for the recovery of heavy-oil and bitumen resources (Butler et al. 1981; Butler and Mokrys 1991; Frauenfeld and Lillico 1999). The first has been tested successfully in the field and is currently the process of choice for commercial in-situ recovery (Edmunds et al. 1994; Mukherjee et al. 1995), while the second is starting initial field testing (Butler and Yee 2000). The advantage of the SAGD process is its high recovery and high oil-production rate. However, the high production rate is associated with excessive energy consumption, CO2 generation, and expensive post-production water treatment. The vapex process has the advantage of lower energy consumption (and, therefore, less CO2 generation) and much lower water-treatment costs. The major drawback of the vapex process, however, is its expected relatively lower oil-production rate and the uncertainty on reservoir retention of solvent. In the past several years, modifications have been proposed to improve SAGD's energy efficiency, either through injection of noncondensable gas with steam for reducing heat loss (Jiang et al. 1998) or through injection of solvents and steam together for increasing production rate (Nasr and Isaacs 2001). The combination of solvent with steam also has been studied in the steamflooding process (Farouq Ali and Abad 1976; Venturini and Mamora 2003).
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Abbott, D. "14TH CERI International Oil and Gas Markets Conference Calgary, Alberta, Canada, September 25–26 1995 Sponsored by Canadian Energy Research Institute (CERI) and the Calgary Chamber of Commerce". Energy Exploration & Exploitation 14, n. 3-4 (luglio 1996): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879601400301.
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Venkatesan, Ramasamy, Jagadeesh Kadiyam, Puniyamoorthy SenthilKumar, Rajagopalan Lavanya e Loganathan Vedaprakash. "Marine Biofouling on Moored Buoys and Sensors in the Northern Indian Ocean". Marine Technology Society Journal 51, n. 2 (1 marzo 2017): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.51.2.11.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractEquipment and structures deployed in seawater and other marine environments are susceptible to marine growth. This marine biofouling is one of the critical factors that affects the measurement of continuous real-time data from the oceanographic sensors deployed for long-term observations. To understand the characteristics of biofouling on marine sensors, an investigation was conducted on sensors deployed in a moored buoy network deployed and maintained by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal regions. The present paper attempts to elucidate the characteristics of biofouling on sensor components deployed at seven locations in the Bay of Bengal and five locations in the Arabian Sea, at varying depths ranging from the surface to 500-m depth. Biofouling on bare sensor surfaces and surfaces with various antifouling measures has been studied for 2 consecutive years (2015 and 2016), and the effect of antifouling measures is discussed in this paper. Among the locations studied, buoys deployed in the Arabian Sea exhibited a higher biofouling load compared to the buoys deployed in the Bay of Bengal. The study showed that the pedunculate barnacles Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758, was the predominant biofouling species on these sensors. Furthermore, observations show that the use of copper- and zinc-based antifouling methods reduced the incidence of biofouling by 59% on average.
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Lukie, T. D. "Alluvial architecture of the Horsefly unit (Basal Quartz) in southern Alberta and northern Montana: influence of accommodation changes and comtemporaneous faulting". Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology 50, n. 1 (1 marzo 2002): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/50.1.73.
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Wilson, Scott J. "Technology Focus: Gas Production (August 2021)". Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, n. 08 (1 agosto 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0821-0062-jpt.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The carbon-free future should not be confused with a utopian future. A zero-carbon world will include the difficult realities experienced in Texas in February 2021. As shown in a graph of US EIA data, during the recent extreme cold event in Texas, wind and solar could not hold flat compared with their baseline the week before (4–8 February). Coal and nuclear remained mostly steady, while natural-gas producers ramped up supplies delivered to power plants by a factor of 4, helping people who were struggling to heat their homes. Natural gas may not receive well-deserved recognition from some quarters, and blackouts and loss of life still occurred, but our industry stepped up when people needed us most. Texas generates 25% of the wind power in the US and has more solar potential than 18 northern states combined, yet wind and solar simply failed when called upon. As the world attempts to go carbon-free, this reviewer hopes that more consumers will see the difference between results and public-relations promises. It will take a legitimate technological step-change before an unsubsidized renewable energy source is capable of replacing reliable fossil fuels. Imagine if Sir Isaac Newton, with all his brilliance, had tried to be the first man to land on the moon. In 1720, the cumulative knowledge did not exist to allow that to happen, and, if he had tried, he could have spent the entire British treasury and still failed. By standing upon the shoulders of giants like Newton, others were able to reach the moon 250 years later. Step-change technological breakthroughs happen when their time has come, not when mandated by political pressure. Until you hear that commercial fusion reactors are online or that low-cost, grid-scale electricity storage made from commonplace materials can handle a 10-day cold snap or heat wave, there is no need to hang up your pipe wrenches. Fossil fuels will remain the most energy-dense, cost-effective, reliable energy source until an extraordinary breakthrough creates a better alternative. The three papers selected for this feature demonstrate the continued critical role of gas production, and innovation therein, in the necessary daily role of supplying the world’s energy needs. One discusses means of exploiting stranded offshore gas reservoirs; the second details an Eagle Ford cyclic-gas-injection enhanced-oil-recovery effort; and the third focuses on the fracturing interference of multi-well pads in shale gas reservoirs. Reference Wilson, Scott. 2021. “EIA Texas Power Generation Data, February 2021.” Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 200468 Hydraulic-Fracturing Test Site Phase-2 Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Pilot: Huff ’n’ Puff Pilot in the Permian Midland Basin by Shadi Salahshoor, Gas Technology Institute, et al. SPE 202448 Unconventional Gas Development in Queensland, Australia: How Well Does It Align With the Golden Rules of Gas? by Katherine Witt, The University of Queensland, et al. SPE 203208 Underbalanced Well Intervention to Re-Enter a Dead Well Changed the Future Dynamics of the Largest Gas Field in Pakistan—A Successful Pilot Project by Qasim Ashraf, Weatherford, et al.
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Rowland, S. M., C. E. Prescott, S. J. Grayston, S. A. Quideau e G. E. Bradfield. "Recreating a Functioning Forest Soil in Reclaimed Oil Sands in Northern Alberta: An Approach for Measuring Success in Ecological Restoration". Journal of Environmental Quality 38, n. 4 (luglio 2009): 1580–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0317.
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Noor, Misbah, Eijaz Ghani, Saifullah Khan Niazi, Muhammad Ali Rathore, Faud Ahmad Siddiqi e Noman Shakoor. "SARS COV-2 PANDEMIC: EXPERIENCE AT REFERENCE VIROLOGY LABORATORY SHORT RUNNING TITLE: SARS COV-2 PANDEMIC EXPERIENCE". PAFMJ 71, n. 4 (25 agosto 2021): 1175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v71i4.6467.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: To share our large scale SARS CoV-2 PCR test experience in Northern Pakistan.
Study Design: Prospective observational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Virology Department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Feb to Dec 2020.
Methodology: All the patients reporting to COVID-19 desk both indoor and outdoor were included in study. Nasopharyngeal swab specimen was taken from the patients arriving at reception. For hospitalized patient’s samples were received at reception placed in viral transport medium maintaining cold chain.
Results: Among 193656 samples tested for SARS CoV-2 RNA by RT-PCR, 24338 (12.6%) were found positive and 169318 (87.4%) were negative. Mean age of patients was 38.25 ± 16.73 (1-110 years). 138781 (71.7%) were males and 54875 (28.3%) were females. 109765 (56.7%) samples were received from in patient department and 83891 (43.3%) samples were received from outpatient department. Highest number of cases (n=6224) seen during month of June followed by 5813 cases during May and 4786 cases during November (p-value <0.001). Most of the positive cases were in age group 21-40 years; 11122 (6%), followed by age group 41-60 years; 8133 (4.2%). More positive samples 14890 (7.7%) were received from in patient department and males 17928 (9.3%) were affected more than females.
Conclusion: The two peaks of COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan were observed during the months of May to July and again during October to December. Most positive patients in our setup were males in age group 21-40 years as this age group is more exposed to external environment.
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Nelson, Joe. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for World Journal of English Language, Vol. 14, No. 3". World Journal of English Language 14, n. 3 (27 aprile 2024): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v14n3p555.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 14, Number 3Abdul Majeed Hameed Joodi, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, IraqAcep Unang Rahayu, Poltekpar NHI Bandung, IndonesiaAndrés Canga , University of La Rioja, SpainAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyAravind B R, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, IndiaAyman Khafaga, Suez Canal University, EgyptAyman Rashad Rashid Yasin, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, JordanBadri Abdulhakim Mudhsh, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, OmanBahram Kazemian, Islamic Azad University, IranBeibei Ren, University of South Florida, USABerhane Gerencheal, Aksum University, EthiopiaChristian Jay Olandria Syting, University of Mindanao, PhilippinesChunlin Yao, Tianjin Chengjian University, ChinaDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanGhazwan Mohammed Saeed Mohammed, University of Bisha, Saudi ArabiaHerman, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, IndonesiaHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaHussain Hamid Ali Ghazzaly, Al-Azhar University, EgyptInayatullah Kakepoto, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanJamal Uthman Nogoud, University of Buraimi, OmanJânderson Coswosk, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, BrazilJergen Jel A. Cinco- Labaria, Western Philippines University, PhilippinesJunhua Peng, Anshun University/Universiti Putra Malaysia, ChinaKristiawan Indriyanto, Universitas Prima Indonesia, IndonesiaLuqman Rababah, Jadara University, JordanMohamad Amin Shirkhani, University of sistan and baluchestan, IranMohamad Fadhili bin Yahaya, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, MalaysiaMohammad Hamad Al-khresheh, Northern Border University, Saudi ArabiaMounir Jilani Ben Zid, Sultan Qaboos University, OmanMuhammad Farkhan, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, IndonesiaMuhammad Mooneeb Ali, HED punjab, PakistanMundi Rahayu , Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, IndonesiaNing Li, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (GDPU), ChinaNitin Malhotra, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, IndiaNuriadi Nuriadi, University of Mataram, IndonesiaOlena Andrushenko, Universität Augsburg, GermanyOmsalma Ahmed, University of Hail, Saudi ArabiaPatsawut Sukserm, Chulalongkorn University Language Institute (CULI), ThailandPhyll Jhann Gildore, UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO, PhilippinesRaeesabegam Usmani, NMIMS University, Hyderabad Campus, IndiaRamesh Manickkam, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, IndiaS. Priya, Subbalakshmi Lakshmipathy College of Science, IndiaS. Sakthivel, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, IndiaS. V. Dhanawade, Vivekanand College(Autonomous) Kolhapur, IndiaSaif Ali Abbas Jumaah, University of Mosul, IraqŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyServais Dieu-Donné Yédia DADJO, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninShalini Yadav, Compucom Institute of Technology and Management, IndiaSohaib Alam, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi ArabiaWahaj Unnisa Warda, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaWARID BIN MIHAT, Academy of Language Studies, MARA University of Technology (UiTM), MalaysiaYi-Zhen Chang, National Taipei University of Business, TaiwanZijun SHNE, Sichuan University of Media and Communications, China
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Dueck, Meghan E., Ata Rafiee, James Mino, Sindhu G. Nair, Samineh Kamravaei, Lei Pei e Bernadette Quémerais. "Welding Fume Exposure and Health Risk Assessment in a Cohort of Apprentice Welders". Annals of Work Exposures and Health 65, n. 7 (23 aprile 2021): 775–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxab016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Welding fumes vary in composition depending on the materials and processes used, and while health outcomes in full-time welders have been widely studied, limited research on apprentices exists. Besides, few data are available for metals such as vanadium and antimony. This study aimed to look at individual metals present in welding fumes in the learning environment of apprentice welders. Forty-three welders and 41 controls were chosen from trade programmes at the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology. Ambient and personal air samples were collected at days 0, 1, 7, and 50 of their training and analysed for mass and metal concentrations using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Results showed increases in particle and metal concentrations as apprentices progressed throughout their education and that concentrations at day 50 were similar to levels found in the literature for professional welders. Variable concentrations indicate that some individuals may not properly use the local exhaust ventilation system. Other possible explanation for variations are the position of the sampler on the shoulder, the time spent welding and in each welding position, and the skills of the welders. Strong relationships were observed between particle and metal concentrations, suggesting that these relationships could be used to estimate metal exposure in welders from particle exposure. Welding processes were the most important determinant of exposure in apprentice welders, with Metal Core Arc Welding producing the largest particle concentrations followed by oxyacetylene cutting, and Gas Metal Arc Welding. Health risk assessment showed that welder apprentices are at risk for overexposure to manganese, which suggests that professional welders should be monitored for manganese as they are exposed more than apprentices. Training in proper positioning of local exhaust ventilation system and proper use of respirators are recommended in training facilities.
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Gates, Ian Donald, Joseph Kenny, Ivan Lazaro Hernandez-Hdez e Gary L. Bunio. "Steam Injection Strategy and Energetics of Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage". SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 10, n. 01 (1 febbraio 2007): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/97742-pa.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is being operated by several operators in Athabasca and Cold Lake reservoirs in Central and Northern Alberta, Canada. In this process, steam, injected into a horizontal well, flows outward, then contacts and loses its latent heat to bitumen at the edge of a depletion chamber. As a consequence, the viscosity of bitumen falls, its mobility rises, and it flows under gravity toward a horizontal production well located several meters below and parallel to the injection well. Despite many pilots and commercial operations, it remains unclear how to optimally operate SAGD. This is especially the case in reservoirs with a top-gas zone in which pilot data are nearly nonexistent. In this study, a steam-chamber operating strategy is determined that leads to optimum oil recovery for a minimum cumulative steam-to-oil ratio (SOR) in a top-gas reservoir. These findings were established from extensive reservoir-simulation runs that were based on a detailed geostatistically generated static reservoir model. The strategy devised uses a high initial chamber injection rate and pressure prior to chamber contact with the top gas. Subsequent to breakthrough of the chamber into the gas-cap zone, the chamber injection rates are lowered to balance pressures with the top gas and avoid (or at least minimize) convective heat losses of steam to the top-gas zone. The results are also analyzed by examining the energetics of SAGD. Introduction A cross-section of the SAGD process is displayed in Fig. 1. Steam is injected into the formation through a horizontal well. In Fig. 1, the wells are portrayed as points that extend into the page. Around and above the injection well, a steam-depletion chamber grows. At the edge of the chamber, heated bitumen and (steam) condensate flow under the action of gravity to a production well typically placed between 5 and 10 m below and substantially parallel to the injection well. Usually, the production well is located several meters above the base of pay. In industrial practice (Singhal et al. 1998; Komery et al. 1999), injection and production well lengths are typically between 500 and 1000 m. Because the steam chamber operates at saturation conditions, the injection pressure controls the operating temperature of SAGD. SAGD has been piloted extensively in Athabasca and Cold Lake reservoirs in Alberta (Komery et al. 1999; Butler 1997; Kisman and Yeung 1995; Ito and Suzuki 1999; Ito et al. 2004; Edmunds and Chhina 2001; Suggett et al. 2000; Siu et al. 1991; AED 2004) and is being used as a commercial technology to recover bitumen in several Athabasca reservoirs (Yee and Stroich 2004). These pilots and commercial operations have demonstrated that SAGD is technically effective, but it has not been fully established whether its operating conditions are at optimum values. This is especially the case in reservoirs in contact with gas or water zones where the optimum operating strategy remains unclear. The variability of the cumulative injected-steam (expressed in cold water equivalents, or CWE) to produced-oil ratio (cSOR) shows that some SAGD well pairs operate fairly efficiently (with cSOR between 2 and 3), whereas others operate at much greater cSOR (up to 10 and higher) (Yee and Stroich 2004). Higher cSOR means that more steam is being used per unit volume bitumen produced. The higher the steam usage, the greater the amount of natural gas combusted, and the less economic the process. One key control variable in SAGD is the temperature difference between the injected steam and the produced fluids. This value, known as the subcool, is typically maintained in a form of steamtrap control between 15 and 30°C (Ito and Suzuki 1999). The subcool is being used as a surrogate variable instead of the height of liquid above the production well. The liquid pool above the production well prevents flow of injected steam directly from the injection well to the production well, thus promoting injected steam to the outer regions of the depletion chamber and enabling delivery of its latent heat to the bitumen. The value of the optimum steamtrap subcool temperature difference and how the operating pressure impacts the optimum subcool value remains unclear. It also remains unclear how the subcool should be controlled in heterogeneous reservoirs that have top gas.
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Zhou, Yi, Kayvan Pazouki, Rose Norman, Haibo Gao e Zhiguo Lin. "An Experimental Investigation into the Feasibility of a DC Hybrid Power Plant for a Northern Sea Route Ship". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, n. 9 (24 agosto 2023): 1653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091653.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Increasingly, the melting of Arctic ice due to global warming has provided opportunities for commercial shipping between Asia and Europe. Given the vulnerability of the Arctic environment, especially due to emissions of short-lived pollutants from shipping activities, a more effective propulsion system with a comprehensive control strategy is required to reduce fuel consumption, thus potentially mitigating the impacts of shipping activities on the northern sea route (NSR). In this paper, a shipboard DC hybrid system powered by a combination of diesel generator sets and batteries is proposed and analysed in terms of its application on a ship in the NSR. The specific fuel consumption and various losses in the power sources were analysed to develop an efficiency-optimisation control strategy for the proposed DC hybrid power system. To evaluate the performance of the hybrid power system with the proposed optimisation control strategy, lab-scale experiments have been conducted in the Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute to compare the proposed system with a conventional hybrid system. The experimental results indicate that the proposed DC hybrid power plant with the energy optimisation control contributes a 5.35% fuel saving compared with the DC fixed-speed diesel electric configuration during a scaled-down NSR scenario.
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Nelson, Joe. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for World Journal of English Language, Vol. 13, No. 5". World Journal of English Language 13, n. 5 (23 maggio 2023): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n5p569.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 13, Number 5Acep Unang Rahayu, Poltekpar NHI Bandung, IndonesiaAli Hussein Hazem, University of Patras, GreeceAndrés Canga, University of La Rioja, SpainAnna Maria Kuzio, University of Zielona Gora, PolandAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyAyman Khafaga, Suez Canal University, EgyptAyman Rashad Rashid Yasin, PRINCESS SUMAYA UNIVERSITY FOR TECHNOLOGY, JordanBahram Kazemian, Islamic Azad University, IranDaniel Ginting, Universitas Ma Chung, IndonesiaDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanElena Alcalde Peñalver, University of Alcalá, SpainFatma Abusrewel, The University of Tripoli, LibyaFrans Sayogie, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, IndonesiaFridrik Dulaj, University Fehmi Agani Gjakova, AlbaniaG. Bhuvaneswari, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India, IndiaHameed Yahya Ahmed Al-Zubeiry, Al-Baha University, Saudi ArabiaHerman, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, IndonesiaHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaInayatullah Kakepoto, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanJânderson Coswosk, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, BrazilJergen Jel A. Cinco- Labaria, Western Philippines University, PhilippinesKanthimathi Krishnasamy, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IndiaKristiawan Indriyanto, Universitas Prima Indonesia, IndonesiaL. Santhosh Kumar, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), IndiaLeila Lomashvili, Shawnee State University, USALi Ping Chang, National Taipei College of Business, TaiwanMaria Isabel Maldonado Garcia, University of the Punjab, PakistanMeenakshi Sharma Yadav, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi ArabiaMohamad Fadhili bin Yahaya, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, MalaysiaMohammad Hamad Al-khresheh, Northern Border University, Saudi ArabiaMuhammad Mooneeb Ali, HED punjab, PakistanMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqMusa Saleh, Qimam Al-Ulum Institute for Languages, Saudi ArabiaNing Li, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (GDPU), ChinaNitin Malhotra, Gobindgarh Public College, IndiaNuriadi Nuriadi, University of Mataram, IndonesiaOlena Andrushenko, Universität Augsburg , GermanyOmsalma Ahmed, University of Hail, Saudi ArabiaÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, TurkeySaif Ali Abbas Jumaah, University Of Mosul College Of Arts Dept. Media and English Communication, IraqSantri Djahimo, Nusa Cendana University, IndonesiaŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyServais Dieu-Donné Yédia DADJO, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninShalini Yadav, Compucom Institute of Technology and Management, IndiaValeria Silva de Oliveira, Marinha do Brasil, BrazilWARID BIN MIHAT, Academy of Language Studies, MARA University of Technology (UiTM), MalaysiaZaldy Maglay Quines, ROYAL COMMISSION FOR JUBAIL AND YANBU, Saudi Arabia
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Nelson, Joe. "Reviewer Acknowledgements". World Journal of English Language 12, n. 6 (26 settembre 2022): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n6p522.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 12, Number 6Abdulfattah Omar, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaAcep Unang Rahayu, Poltekpar NHI Bandung, IndonesiaAli Hussein Hazem, University of Patras, GreeceAmelia Maria Cava, Università di Napoli Suor Orsola Benincasa, ItalyAna Maria Costa Lopes, Higher School of Education of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, PortugalAndrés Canga, University of La Rioja, SpainAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyAyman Khafaga, Suez Canal University, EgyptBelén Labrador de la Cruz, University of León, SpainDaniel Ginting, Universitas Ma Chung, IndonesiaDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanEmine Bala, Independent Researcher, NetherlandsHameed Yahya Ahmed Al-Zubeiry, Al-Baha University, Saudi ArabiaHANY ALI MAHMOUD ABDELFATTAH, Minia University, EgyptHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranJânderson Coswosk, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, BrazilJoohoon Kang, Hanyang University, South KoreaKanthimathi Krishnasamy, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IndiaKhaled Elkotb Elshahawy, University of Tabuk, Tayma Campus, Saudi ArabiaL. Santhosh Kumar, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), IndiaLeila Lomashvili, Shawnee State University, USAMaria Isabel Maldonado Garcia, University of the Punjab, PakistanMohammad Hamad Al-khresheh, Northern Border University, Saudi ArabiaMovva Srilakshmi, Prasad V. Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, IndiaMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqNitin Malhotra, Gobindgarh Public College, IndiaÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Foreign Languages Department, TurkeyRoberto Martínez Mateo, University of Castile La-Mancha, SpainScott-Monkhouse Anila Ruth, Language Centre – University of Parma (Italy), ItalyŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyServais Dieu-Donné Yédia DADJO, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninSukhdev Singh, National Institute of Technology Patna, IndiaTeguh Budiharso, State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) of Surakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia
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Nelson, Joe. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for World Journal of English Language, Vol. 13, No. 8". World Journal of English Language 13, n. 8 (10 novembre 2023): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n8p646.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 13, Number 8Abderrazak Zaafour, Almería University, SpainAbdul Majeed Hameed Joodi, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, IraqAbdulfattah Omar, The Australian National University, AustraliaAli Hussein Hazem, University of Patras, GreeceAndrés Canga , University of La Rioja, SpainAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyAravind B R, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, IndiaAtyaf Hasan Ibrahim, University of Diyala, IraqAyman Rashad Rashid Yasin, PRINCESS SUMAYA UNIVERSITY FOR TECHNOLOGY, JordanBadri Abdulhakim Mudhsh, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, OmanBeibei Ren, University of South Florida, USABerhane Gerencheal, Aksum University, EthiopiaChahra BELOUFA, Arab Open University, Saudi ArabiaChunlin Yao, Tianjin Chengjian University, ChinaDaniel Ginting, Universitas Ma Chung, IndonesiaDeena Elshazly, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, EgyptDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanElsadig Hussein Fadlalla Ali, King Khalid University, Saudi ArabiaGhazwan Mohammed Saeed Mohammed, University of Bisha, Saudi ArabiaHameed Yahya Ahmed Al-Zubeiry, Al-Baha University, Saudi ArabiaHerman, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, IndonesiaHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaHussain Hamid Ali Ghazzaly, Al-Azhar University, EgyptInayatullah Kakepoto, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanJamal Uthman Nogoud, University of Buraimi, OmanJaypee R. Lopres, Gallup McKinley County Schools, New Mexico Public Education Department, USAJergen Jel A. Cinco- Labaria, Western Philippines University, PhilippinesKhadija Alamoudi, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaKristiawan Indriyanto, Universitas Prima Indonesia, IndonesiaL. Santhosh Kumar, Kristu Jayanti College ( Autonomous), IndiaLeila Lomashvili, Shawnee State University, USALihong Ding, Lanzhou University of Arts and Sciences, ChinaMaria Isabel Maldonado Garcia, University of the Punjab, PakistanMohamad Amin Shirkhani, University of sistan and baluchestan, IranMohamad Fadhili bin Yahaya, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, MalaysiaMohammad Hamad Al-khresheh, Northern Border University, Saudi ArabiaMohammed AbdAlgane, Qassim University, Saudi ArabiaMorteza Amirsheibani, Millat Umidi (MU) University, Tashkent, UzbekistanMuhammad Farkhan, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, IndonesiaMuhammad Mooneeb Ali, HED punjab, PakistanMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqMundi Rahayu , Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, IndonesiaMusa Saleh, Qimam Al-Ulum Institute for Languages, Saudi ArabiaNing Li, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (GDPU), ChinaNitin Malhotra, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, IndiaNuriadi Nuriadi, University of Mataram, IndonesiaOlena Andrushenko, Universität Augsburg , GermanyP. Jayakumar, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, IndiaPhyll Jhann Gildore, UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO, PhilippinesR. Kannan, Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science (A Deemed to be University), IndiaReimundus Raymond Fatubun, Cenderawasih University, Jayapura, IndonesiaRoberto Martínez Mateo, UNIVERSITY OF CASTILE LA-MANCHA , SpainS. V. Dhanawade, Vivekanand College(Autonomous) Kolhapur, IndiaSafi Eldeen Alzi’abi, Jerash University, JordanSaif Ali Abbas Jumaah, University Of Mosul College Of Arts Dept. Media and English Communication, IraqSantri Djahimo, Nusa Cendana University, IndonesiaŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University , TurkeyServais Dieu-Donné Yédia DADJO, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninShalini Yadav, Compucom Institute of Technology and Management, IndiaShangrela Genon-Sieras, Mindanao State University, Main Campus, PhilippinesTeguh Budiharso, State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) of Surakarta, IndonesiaValeria Silva de Oliveira, Marinha do Brasil, BrazilWARID BIN MIHAT, Academy of Language Studies, MARA University of Technology (UiTM), Malaysia
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Mel, Riccardo Alvise, Elisa Coraci, Sara Morucci, Franco Crosato, Michele Cornello, Marco Casaioli, Stefano Mariani et al. "Insights on the Extreme Storm Surge Event of the 22 November 2022 in the Venice Lagoon". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, n. 9 (7 settembre 2023): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091750.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) manages the national sea state real time monitoring system for Italy, which consists of the National Sea Level Network (RMN), the North Adriatic and Venice Lagoon Sea Level Network (RMLV), the National Wave Networks (RON), and a marine weather forecasting system. These systems are particularly deployed to monitor and predict storm surges that affect the northern part of the Adriatic Sea and the Venice Lagoon, usually causing damages and morphological impacts over the highly anthropized coastal areas. On 22 November 2022, an extreme storm surge event occurred in the northern Adriatic Sea, producing severe damages on its coastline. Venice and the surrounding urban settlements have been protected from flooding thanks to the operation of the Mo.S.E. (Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico) system, a set of artificial barriers built to isolate the lagoon from the sea in case of extreme high tides. Coastal flooding prevention measures, such as storm-surge barriers, are indeed being widely adopted globally because of the accelerating rise in sea levels. An analysis of this extreme event is presented here to highlight the functionality and the usefulness of the ISPRA sea state monitoring system. In particular, the analysis of the as-if scenario reproducing the natural tide propagation within the lagoon, neglecting the operation of the Mo.S.E. system, can only be pursued by using hydrodynamic models forced using extensive observed data. Results highlight that the “not-regulated” sea level would have exceeded 200 cm above the reference datum at Chioggia, a threshold never recorded in the Venice Lagoon since sea level monitoring systems have been operational.
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Edwards, K. A., B. Anderson e B. Reavie. "Horizontal Injectors Rejuvenate Mature Miscible Flood - South Swan Hills Field". SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 5, n. 02 (1 aprile 2002): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/77302-pa.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary The South Swan Hills pool, located in northwest Alberta, Canada, is a carbonate reef with an original oil in place (OOIP) of approximately 850 million bbl. Waterflooding began in 1963, and a staged hydrocarbon miscible flood covering most of the field began in 1973. Solvent injection in the main miscible flood was terminated in 1989, and chase gas injection ceased in 1998. In 1994, however, solvent injection was reinitiated into a single pattern in the reef margin area of the field using a horizontal injector and reduced well spacing. The reef margin is an area of thick, stacked pay that experienced high gravity override during the original miscible flood. The horizontal injector was placed at the base of the reef margin to minimize the effects of gravity override and to maximize sweep efficiency. Four patterns have been developed to date. The two earliest patterns have now completed solvent injection and are on chase waterflood. Both patterns are projected to recover almost 1 million bbl of incremental oil per pattern (more than 10% of pattern OOIP) from areas that were part of the original miscibleflood project. This paper covers the development of the original miscible flood, the redevelopment of the reef margin area using horizontal miscible injectors, and the performance of the four patterns implemented to date. The geological and performance factors that made this redevelopment successful, and their impact on field production, are discussed. Finally, plans for future development of this mature field are presented. Introduction Hydrocarbon miscible flooding has long been a preferred means of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in Alberta. It is similar to CO2 flooding, with the exception that the solvent is composed of a mixture of hydrocarbon components. The current solvent composition, for example, is composed of 28% C1, 57% C2, 7%C3, 3%C4, and 2% C5+, with the remainder in other components. This composition is first-contact miscible at current operating conditions. The solvent is usually displaced with cheaper chase gas, composed primarily of methane. An abundance of natural gas liquids (NGLs) in the 1960s and 1970s and the opportunity to incorporate a more efficient displacement process prompted the operator of the South Swan Hills Unit (SSHU) to consider a hydrocarbon miscible flood as a means to increase oil recovery.1 An injection pilot of pure NGLs was carried out from 1970 to 1972, and the field-scale project started in 1973. Initial design called for 21 patterns to be put on injection in the central and northern portions of the unit. This area was still in the early stages of waterflooding and was termed a secondary miscible flood. The western part of the unit was put on miscible injection in 1982. This area had a relatively mature waterflood and was thus termed a tertiary miscible flood. Both areas were developed exclusively with vertical wells. Early performance of the secondary miscible flood, and an evaluation of its performance, were documented by Griffith and Cyca.2 A common problem with miscible flooding is the gravity override of the solvent owing to the density at reservoir conditions, which is much lighter than that of the in-situ oil and water. This was identified as a concern during the design of the original miscible flood, and it was observed in the field. One area particularly prone to override was the reef margin, with its thick, continuous, stacked pay. Horizontal wells have long been considered for application in miscible floods because of problems such as gravity override, and they have been the subject of many studies.3–8 In the case of the South Cowden field in Texas, the goal was to centralize facilities and lower capital costs by accessing larger amounts of reservoir using fewer wells drilled from central locations.6 In the case of the Ratherford Unit in Utah, the goal was to increase the processing rate and sweep efficiency in a low-permeability reservoir.7 These and other benefits (such as improved displacement efficiency, the largest improvement in areal sweep efficiency at the most adverse mobility ratios, and the minimum miscibility pressure maintained over a larger portion of the reservoir) were noted by Chen and Olynyk3 and by Taber and Seright.4 Actual case histories of horizontal injectors in miscible flood applications are relatively rare, however. Two horizontal CO2 injection wells were drilled at South Cowden in 1996,9 but no performance has been published. Horizontal injectors are being used in the Prudhoe Bay field in what is termed a lateral MIST application. 10 There, bulbs of miscible injectant are placed at regular intervals along a horizontal injector. The solvent bulbs mobilize residual oil toward vertical producers. Horizontal injectors are being used in the Weyburn CO2 flood in Saskatchewan, Canada, but no performance has been published to date. Finally, Chugh et al. describe a model study and subsequent field implementation of a horizontal miscible injection project in the Virginia Hills field (a sister reservoir to South Swan Hills) in 1997.11 The concept of horizontal injectors applied to SSHU is the same as that in the Virginia Hills field and is similar to the process used in Prudhoe Bay. It is illustrated in Fig. 1. The horizontal well is placed low in the pay section to sweep reservoir that was missed because of gravity override during injection into vertical wells. To date, four patterns using horizontal injectors have been implemented at SSHU. The first pattern went on injection in 1994 and has since finished chase gas injection. The second pattern went on injection in 1997; it has since completed solvent injection and is currently on chase waterflood. The final two patterns began injection during 2000. The geology that makes these patterns possible, their response, and an analysis of performance are discussed in detail next. Geology The South Swan Hills pool is located in northwest Alberta, as shown in Fig. 2. It covers an area of almost 37,000 acres, of which more than 35,000 acres have been unitized into SSHU. The pool is a carbonate reef with an OOIP of ??850 million bbl. To date, almost 300 wells have been drilled into the unit, mainly on 160-acre spacing. Fig. 3 shows the unit outline, well locations, and horizontal miscible-pattern locations. The South Swan Hills pool is one of a number of large atoll reef buildups that are part of an extensive reef complex developed in Upper Devonian time. It produces light oil from original limestone porosity of the Devonian Swan Hills formation. The reef has features typical of these complex heterogeneous reservoirs, including a platform, a reef interior characterized by tidal flats and lagoonal mud areas with varying degrees of restriction, and a reef margin.
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Nelson, Joe. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for World Journal of English Language, Vol. 14, No. 2". World Journal of English Language 14, n. 2 (27 febbraio 2024): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v14n2p544.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 14, Number 2Abderrazak Zaafour, Almería University, SpainAbdul Majeed Hameed Joodi, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, IraqAbdul Syahid, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya, IndonesiaAbdulfattah Omar, The Australian National University, AustraliaAli Hussein Hazem, University of Patras, GreeceAmer M Th Ahmed, Dhofar University, OmanAndrés Canga , University of La Rioja, SpainAnna Maria Kuzio, University of Zielona Gora, PolandAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyAravind B R, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, IndiaAtyaf Hasan Ibrahim, Al Iraqia University, IraqAyman Khafaga, Suez Canal University, EgyptAyman Rashad Rashid Yasin, PRINCESS SUMAYA UNIVERSITY FOR TECHNOLOGY, JordanBadri Abdulhakim Mudhsh, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, OmanBahram Kazemian, Islamic Azad University, IranBeibei Ren, University of South Florida, USABerhane Gerencheal, Aksum University, EthiopiaChahra BELOUFA, Arab Open University, Saudi ArabiaChristian Jay Olandria Syting, University of Mindanao, PhilippinesChunlin Yao, Tianjin Chengjian University, ChinaDeena Elshazly, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, EgyptDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanElsadig Hussein Fadlalla Ali, King Khalid University, Saudi ArabiaGhazwan Mohammed Saeed Mohammed, University of Bisha, Saudi ArabiaHameed Yahya Ahmed Al-Zubeiry, Al-Baha University, Saudi ArabiaHerman, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, IndonesiaHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaHussain Hamid Ali Ghazzaly, Al-Azhar University, EgyptInayatullah Kakepoto, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanIvana Roncevic, Prince Sultan University, Saudi ArabiaJamal Uthman Nogoud, University of Buraimi, OmanJânderson Coswosk, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, BrazilJoohoon Kang, Korea National University of Transportation, South KoreaJunhua Peng, Anshun University/Universiti Putra Malaysia, ChinaKanthimathi Krishnasamy, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IndiaKhadija Alamoudi, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaKristiawan Indriyanto, Universitas Prima Indonesia, IndonesiaL. Santhosh Kumar, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), IndiaLuqman Rababah, Jadara University, JordanMaria Isabel Maldonado Garcia, University of the Punjab, PakistanMelania Terrazas Gallego, University of La Rioja, SpainMohamad Amin Shirkhani, University of sistan and baluchestan, IranMohammad Hamad Al-khresheh, Northern Border University, Saudi ArabiaMorteza Amirsheibani, Tashkent Institute of Economics and Pedagogy (TIPI), UzbekistanMounir Jilani Ben Zid, Sultan Qaboos University, OmanMuhammad Farkhan, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, IndonesiaMuhammad Mooneeb Ali, HED punjab, PakistanMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqMusa Saleh, Qimam Al-Ulum Institute for Languages, Saudi ArabiaNing Li, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (GDPU), ChinaNuriadi Nuriadi, University of Mataram, IndonesiaOlena Andrushenko, Universität Augsburg, GermanyOmsalma Ahmed, University of Hail, Saudi ArabiaÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, TurkeyPhyll Jhann Gildore, UNIVERSITY OF MINDANAO, PhilippinesRamesh Manickkam, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, IndiaS. Priya, Subbalakshmi Lakshmipathy College of Science, IndiaS. Sakthivel, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, IndiaS. V. Dhanawade, Vivekanand College(Autonomous) Kolhapur, IndiaŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyServais Dieu-Donné Yédia DADJO, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninSohaib Alam, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi ArabiaWahaj Unnisa Warda, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi ArabiaWARID BIN MIHAT, Academy of Language Studies, MARA University of Technology (UiTM), MalaysiaZijun SHNE, Sichuan University of Media and Communications, China
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Nelson, Joe. "Reviewer Acknowledgements". World Journal of English Language 12, n. 1 (30 marzo 2022): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v12n1p431.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 12, Number 1Aissa HANIFI, University of Chlef, AlgeriaAmelia Maria Cava, Università fdi Napoli Federicio II, Naples, ItalyAna Maria Costa Lopes, Higher School of Education of the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, PortugalAndrés Canga, University of La Rioja, SpainAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyAyman Khafaga, Suez Canal University, EgyptBahram Kazemian, Islamic Azad University, IranChunlin Yao, Tianjin Chengjian University, ChinaDaniel Ginting, Universitas Ma Chung, IndonesiaDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanElena Alcalde Peñalver, University of Alcalá, SpainEmine Bala, Tishk International University, IraqGhadah Al Murshidi, The United Arab Emirates University, UAEHameed Yahya Ahmed Al-Zubeiry, Al-Baha University, Saudi ArabiaHANY ALI MAHMOUD ABDELFATTAH, Minia University, EgyptHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaJânderson Coswosk, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, BrazilJasna Potocnik Topler, University of Maribor, SloveniaKanthimathi Krishnasamy, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IndiaKenan Yerli, Sakarya University, TurkeyLeila Lomashvili, Shawnee State University, USALi Ping Chang, Department of Applied Foreign Languages, National Taipei College of Business, TaiwanMaria del Mar Sanchez Ramos, University of Alcalá, SpainMaria Isabel Maldonado Garcia, Al-Andalus Institute of Languages University of Lahore, PakistanMohamad Fadhili bin Yahaya, Universiti Teknologi Mara Perlis Branch, MalaysiaMohammad Hamad Al-khresheh, Northern Border University, Saudi ArabiaMorteza Amirsheibani, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IranMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqMustafa Ar, Ar-Raniry State Islamic University, IndonesiaNitin Malhotra, St. Theresa International College, Bangkok, ThailandÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Foreign Languages Department, TurkeyPatnarin Supakorn, Walailak University, ThailandRashad Al Areqi, Al Baha University, KSARoberto Martínez Mateo, UNIVERSITY OF CASTILE LA-MANCHA, SpainRommel Maglaya, Cambridge IGCSE Examiner, PhilippinesSantri Djahimo, Nusa Cendana University, IndonesiaScott-Monkhouse Anila Ruth, Language Centre – University of Parma (Italy), ItalyŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyShalini Yadav, Compucom Institute of Technology and Management, IndiaShangrela Genon-Sieras, Mindanao State University, Main Campus, PhilippinesSukhdev Singh, National Institute of Technology Patna, IndiaTeguh Budiharso, State Institute of Islamic Studies (IAIN) of Surakarta, Indonesia, IndonesiaWenjie Shi, Central University of Finance and Economics, China
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Usuda, Yuichiro. "Message from the Winner". Journal of Disaster Research 15, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the honor of receiving this prestigious award. The award has been presented to me for the “Special Issue on NIED Frontier Researches on Science and Technology for Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience 2017” of JDR Vol.12 No.5, for which I was the guest editor. I heard that this special issue has been the most downloaded over the past three years. NIED, to which I belong, is an institute that deals with natural disasters comprehensively. Since 2016, we have been working to become a “core organization for innovation in disaster resilience science and technology” as a new seven-year plan. Japan is a country prone to disasters, with many large-scale natural disasters occurring every year. Recent examples would be the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, 2017 Nasu Avalanche, Northern-Kyushu Heavy Rain, 2018 Eruption of Mt. Kusatsu-Shirane, Western-Japan Heavy Rain, Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake, and 2019 Typhoon #19. We should collect “intelligence” related to natural disasters in multiple fields to reduce our disaster risk and improve our resilience. The Special Issue is a compilation of research results from individual fields. I am elated that the first special issue of NIED has gained such attention. NIED will continue to conduct research across multiple fields. We hope that NIED’s activities will lead to collaboration with many people and that the integration of intelligence will improve disaster resilience in Japan and all over the world.
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Querin, Stefano, Simone Cosoli, Riccardo Gerin, Célia Laurent, Vlado Malačič, Neva Pristov e Pierre-Marie Poulain. "Multi-Platform, High-Resolution Study of a Complex Coastal System: The TOSCA Experiment in the Gulf of Trieste". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, n. 5 (27 aprile 2021): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9050469.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although small in size, the Gulf of Trieste (GoT), a marginal coastal basin in the northern Adriatic Sea, is characterized by very complex dynamics and strong variability of its oceanographic conditions. In April–May 2012, a persistent, large-scale anticyclonic eddy was observed in the GoT. This event was captured by both High Frequency Radar (HFR) and Lagrangian drifter observations collected within the European MED TOSCA (Tracking Oil Spill and Coastal Awareness) project. The complexity of the system and the variety of forcing factors constitute major challenges from a numerical modeling perspective when it comes to simulating the observed features. In this study, we implemented a high-resolution hydrodynamic model in an attempt to reproduce and analyze the observed basin-wide eddy structure and determine its drivers. We adopted the Massachusetts Institute of Technology General Circulation Model (MITgcm), tailored for the GoT, nested into a large-scale simulation of the Adriatic Sea and driven by a tidal model, measured river freshwater discharge data and surface atmospheric forcing. Numerical results were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated against HFR surface current maps, Lagrangian drifter trajectories and thermohaline data, showing good skills in reproducing the general circulation, but failing in accurately tracking the drifters. Model sensitivity to different forcing factors (wind, river and tides) was also assessed.
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Siédouba Georges Ye e Abdel Kader Hounsouho Lingani. "Training in good practices for the use and maintenance of equipment at a tomato processing unit in Ouahigouya in the northern region of Burkina Faso". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, n. 2 (30 novembre 2022): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.2.1189.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of this work is to train tomato processors in good practices for the use and maintenance of processing equipment at a pureed tomato processing unit in Ouahigouya in the northern region of Burkina Faso. It responds to the realization of a training book containing all the following information, namely: The technical and operational presentation of the unit's equipment, the treated products and the bio-parameters of use of the equipment and finally the methods of care or maintenance of the equipment before and after use. This fieldwork allowed us to transfer technology from the processing equipment we produce in the Mechanical Engineering workshop of the Mechanization Department of the Institute for Research in Applied Sciences and Technologies. This work is a beginning of the dissemination and popularization of the results of the research work carried out within the Mechanization Department that seem to be unknown to the general Burkinabe public.
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Lebedeva, N. V., M. N. Fomina, Yu S. Ivanova, N. V. Sharapova e I. V. Varganova. "Nomenclatural standards of barley cultivars bred by the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural Region – Branch of the Tyumen Scientific Research Center SB RAS". Vavilovia 6, n. 3 (14 aprile 2024): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/2658-3860-2023-3-o2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article contains descriptions of the morphological, biological and economic characters of spring barley cultivars ‘Kudesnik’ and ‘Divnyj’ (Hordeum vulgare L. ssp. distichon (L.) Körn. var. nutans Körn.) bred by the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural Region – Branch of Federal Research Centre Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SRIA for NTUR – Branch of Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Tyumen region, Russia) as well as information about the history of spring barley breeding at the said Institute.As part of this work, the nomenclatural standards of cultivars ‘Kudesnik’ and ‘Divnyj’ were created. The plant material for nomenclatural standards was collected at the Pushkin laboratories of the Research and Production Base “Pushkin and Pavlovsk laboratories of VIRˮ. All plants for making a herbarium specimen of a cultivar were those grown from one seed sample.The nomenclatural standard of cultivar ‘Kudesnik’ is represented by one herbarium sheet and is duplicated by four herbarium sheets, while the nomenclatural standard of cultivar ‘Divnyj’ is mounted on one herbarium sheet and has three duplicate sheets. Every sheet contains the entire plant at the milky ripeness stage, mature spikes and grain samples.The nomenclatural standards were produced in accordance with the recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature of Cultivated Plants (ICNCP) and registered in the VIR Herbarium database. The herbarium specimens were deposited at the Herbarium of Cultivated Plants of the World, their Wild Relatives and Weeds (WIR) at the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources.
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Hernandez-Escobedo, Quetzalcoatl, Jesus Alejandro Franco e Alberto-Jesus Perea-Moreno. "GIS-Based Wind and Solar Power Assessment in Central Mexico". Applied Sciences 12, n. 24 (13 dicembre 2022): 12800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412800.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Mexico, the economic and industrial development is in the center and north; this represents more than 50% of the country’s total consumption. Data on population and energy consumption will be obtained from the following sources: the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (INEGI), and the Energy Information System. Regarding meteorological data, two databases are used: the Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) (for solar irradiance data) and the MERRA-2 reanalysis data (for wind data). These data will be analyzed for use in a geographic information system (GIS) using kriging interpolation to create maps of solar and wind energy. The area studied includes the following states: Mexico City, Puebla, State of Mexico, Hidalgo, Morelos, Zacatecas, Queretaro, San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato, Aguascalientes and Tlaxcala. The results showed that the areas with the highest solar potential are Hidalgo, Estado de México, Morelos, northern Puebla, southern Queretaro, northwestern Guanajuato, and northern Zacatecas, with 5.89 kWh/m2/day, and the months with the highest solar potential are March, April, May, and June. Regarding wind potential, the maximum wind power density is in Puebla, with 517 W/m2, and the windy season in central Mexico spans June, July, August, September, October, and November.
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Joseph, K. Jossia, Amit Tandon, R. Venkatesan, J. Thomas Farrar e Robert A. Weller. "Longwave Radiation Corrections for the OMNI Buoy Network". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 39, n. 2 (febbraio 2022): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-21-0069.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The inception of a moored buoy network in the northern Indian Ocean in 1997 paved the way for systematic collection of long-term time series observations of meteorological and oceanographic parameters. This buoy network was revamped in 2011 with Ocean Moored buoy Network for north Indian Ocean (OMNI) buoys fitted with additional sensors to better quantify the air–sea fluxes. An intercomparison of OMNI buoy measurements with the nearby Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) mooring during the year 2015 revealed an overestimation of downwelling longwave radiation (LWR↓). Analysis of the OMNI and WHOI radiation sensors at a test station at National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) during 2019 revealed that the accurate and stable amplification of the thermopile voltage records along with the customized datalogger in the WHOI system results in better estimations of LWR↓. The offset in NIOT measured LWR↓ is estimated first by segregating the LWR↓ during clear-sky conditions identified using the downwelling shortwave radiation measurements from the same test station, and second, finding the offset by taking the difference with expected theoretical clear-sky LWR↓. The corrected LWR↓ exhibited good agreement with that of collocated WHOI measurements, with a correlation of 0.93. This method is applied to the OMNI field measurements and again compared with the nearby WHOI mooring measurements, exhibiting a better correlation of 0.95. This work has led to the revamping of radiation measurements in OMNI buoys and provides a reliable method to correct past measurements and improve estimation of air–sea fluxes in the Indian Ocean. Significance Statement Downwelling longwave radiation (LWR↓) is an important climate variable for calculating air–sea heat exchange and quantifying Earth’s energy budget. An intercomparison of LWR↓ measurements between ocean observing platforms in the north Indian Ocean revealed a systematic offset in National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) Ocean Moored buoy Network for north Indian Ocean (OMNI) buoys. The observed offset limited our capability to accurately estimate air–sea fluxes in the Indian Ocean. The sensor measurements were compared with a standard reference system, which revealed problems in thermopile amplifier as the root cause of the offset. This work led to the development of a reliable method to correct the offset in LWR↓ and revamping of radiation measurements in NIOT-OMNI buoys. The correction is being applied to the past measurements from 12 OMNI buoys over 8 years to improve the estimation of air–sea fluxes in the Indian Ocean.
46
Irani, Mazda, e Sahar Ghannadi. "Understanding the Heat-Transfer Mechanism in the Steam-Assisted Gravity-Drainage (SAGD) Process and Comparing the Conduction and Convection Flux in Bitumen Reservoirs". SPE Journal 18, n. 01 (14 gennaio 2013): 179–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/163069-pa.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary SAGD is one successful thermal recovery technique applied in the Athabasca and Peace River reservoirs in central and northern Alberta, Canada. In SAGD, steam is injected into a horizontal injection well and is forced outward, losing its latent heat when it comes into contact with the cold bitumen at the edge of a depletion chamber. As a consequence, the viscosity of the bitumen falls several orders of magnitude, its mobility rises several orders of magnitude, and then it flows under gravity toward a horizontal production well located several meters below and parallel to the injection well. Heat-transfer mechanisms are pivotal to the SAGD process. Though heat energy is transferred from steam to reservoir by conduction and convection, heat transfer by convection is not considered in the classic SAGD mathematical models such as Butler's. Researchers such as Butler and Stephens (1981), Reis (1992), Akin (2005), Liang (2005), Nukhaev et al. (2006), and Azad and Chalaturnyk (2010) considered conduction from steam to cold reservoir to be the only heat-transfer component. However, because the heat capacity of water is typically two to five times that of bitumen, convection caused by the mobile condensate flow in the reservoir may contradict these studies. Farouq-Ali (1997) was the first to criticize the assumption that there is only a thermal conduction mechanism in the SAGD process. He pointed out that with so much condensate flowing, convection would be expected to be the dominant heat-transfer mechanism, which can be plausible at high temperatures. In response, Edmunds (1999a) stated that on the basis of the associated change in enthalpy, the heat transfer into a cold reservoir because of convection is probably less than 5% of that because of conduction. Ito (1999) challenged Edmunds (1999a) statement, on the basis of Ito and Suzuki (1996, 1999) and Ito et al. (1998), pointing out that “this number, 5%; i.e., ratio between convection to conduction presented by Edmunds (1999a) is unrealistically low, (and) it should be in the range of 50%.” This study examined the relative roles of convective and conductive heat transfer at the edge of SAGD steam chambers. In summary, the mathematical model developed in this study considered both conduction and convection, and the resultant output from the model is reasonably consistent with published field data. This study supports the idea that although convection can dominate near the chamber edge in high-water-saturation reservoirs, in bitumen-rich reservoirs, its contribution to heat transfer is less than 1% and can be neglected.
47
Irani, Mazda, e Sahar Ghannadi. "Understanding the Heat-Transfer Mechanism in the Steam-Assisted Gravity-Drainage (SAGD) Process and Comparing the Conduction and Convection Flux in Bitumen Reservoirs". SPE Journal 18, n. 01 (22 gennaio 2013): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/163079-pa.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary SAGD is one successful thermal recovery technique applied in the Athabasca and Peace River reservoirs in central and northern Alberta, Canada. In SAGD, steam is injected into a horizontal injection well and is forced outward, losing its latent heat when it comes into contact with the cold bitumen at the edge of a depletion chamber. As a consequence, the viscosity of the bitumen falls several orders of magnitude, its mobility rises several orders of magnitude, and then it flows under gravity toward a horizontal production well located several meters below and parallel to the injection well. Heat-transfer mechanisms are pivotal to the SAGD process. Though heat energy is transferred from steam to reservoir by conduction and convection, heat transfer by convection is not considered in the classic SAGD mathematical models such as Butler?s. Researchers such as Butler and Stephens (1981), Reis (1992), Akin (2005), Liang (2005), Nukhaev et al. (2006), and Azad and Chalaturnyk (2010) considered conduction from steam to cold reservoir to be the only heat-transfer component. However, because the heat capacity of water is typically two to five times that of bitumen, convection caused by the mobile condensate flow in the reservoir may contradict these studies. Farouq-Ali (1997) was the first to criticize the assumption that there is only a thermal conduction mechanism in the SAGD process. He pointed out that with so much condensate flowing, convection would be expected to be the dominant heat-transfer mechanism, which can be plausible at high temperatures. In response, Edmunds (1999a) stated that on the basis of the associated change in enthalpy, the heat transfer into a cold reservoir because of convection is probably less than 5% of that because of conduction. Ito (1999) challenged Edmunds (1999a) statement, on the basis of Ito and Suzuki (1996, 1999) and Ito et al. (1998), pointing out that "this number, 5%; i.e., ratio between convection to conduction presented by Edmunds (1999a) is unrealistically low, (and) it should be in the range of 50%. This study examined the relative roles of convective and conductive heat transfer at the edge of SAGD steam chambers. In summary, the mathematical model developed in this study considered both conduction and convection, and the resultant output from the model is reasonably consistent with published field data. This study supports the idea that although convection can dominate near the chamber edge in high-water-saturation reservoirs, in bitumen-rich reservoirs, its contribution to heat transfer is less than 1% and can be neglected.
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Nelson, Joe. "Reviewer Acknowledgements for World Journal of English Language, Vol. 13, No. 6". World Journal of English Language 13, n. 6 (31 luglio 2023): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n6p576.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
World Journal of English Language wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.World Journal of English Language is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please contact us for the application form at: wjel@sciedupress.comReviewers for Volume 13, Number 6Aissa HANIFI, University of Chlef, AlgeriaAli Hussein Hazem, University of Patras, GreeceAndrés Canga, University of La Rioja, SpainAnna Maria Kuzio, University of Zielona Gora, PolandAntonio Piga, University of Cagliari, ItalyAtyaf Hasan Ibrahim, University of Diyala, IraqAyman Rashad Rashid Yasin, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, JordanChunlin Yao, Tianjin Chengjian University, ChinaDaniel Ginting, Universitas Ma Chung, IndonesiaDon Anton Balida, International College of Engineering and Management, OmanElena Alcalde Peñalver, University of Alcalá, SpainFatma Abusrewel, The University of Tripoli, LibyaFrans Sayogie, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, IndonesiaHerman, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, IndonesiaHossein Salarian, University of Tehran, IranHouaria Chaal, Hassiba Ben Bouali University of Chlef, AlgeriaHussain Hamid Ali Ghazzaly, Al-Azhar University, EgyptInayatullah Kakepoto, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science & Technology, Nawabshah, PakistanJânderson Coswosk, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, BrazilJaypee R. Lopres, Gallup McKinley County Schools, New Mexico Public Education Department, USAJergen Jel A. Cinco- Labaria, Western Philippines University, PhilippinesKanthimathi Krishnasamy, Shrimathi Devkunvar Nanalal Bhatt Vaishnav College for Women, IndiaKristiawan Indriyanto, Universitas Prima Indonesia, IndonesiaL. Santhosh Kumar, Kristu Jayanti College (Autonomous), IndiaLeila Lomashvili, Shawnee State University, USALi Ping Chang, National Taipei College of Business, TaiwanMohammad Hamad Al-khresheh, Northern Border University, Saudi ArabiaMohammed AbdAlgane, Qassim University, Saudi ArabiaMuhammad Farkhan, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, IndonesiaMuhammad Mooneeb Ali, HED punjab, PakistanMuhammed Ibrahim Hamood, University of Mosul, IraqMundi Rahayu, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, IndonesiaMusa Saleh, Qimam Al-Ulum Institute for Languages, Saudi ArabiaNing Li, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (GDPU), ChinaNitin Malhotra, Gobindgarh Public College, IndiaNuriadi Nuriadi, University of Mataram, IndonesiaOlena Andrushenko, Universität Augsburg, GermanyOmar (Mohammad-Ameen) Hazaymeh, Al-Balqa Applied University / Al-Huson University College, JordanOmsalma Ahmed, University of Hail, Saudi ArabiaÖzkanal, Ümit, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, TurkeySafi Eldeen Alzi’abi, Jerash University, JordanSaif Ali Abbas Jumaah, University Of Mosul College Of Arts Dept. Media and English Communication, IraqSantri Djahimo, Nusa Cendana University, IndonesiaŞenel, Müfit, 19 Mayıs University, TurkeyServais Dieu-Donné Yédia DADJO, University of Abomey-Calavi, BeninShalini Yadav, Compucom Institute of Technology and Management, IndiaWARID BIN MIHAT, Academy of Language Studies, MARA University of Technology (UiTM), MalaysiaZaldy Maglay Quines, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, Saudi Arabia
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Wright, Blake. "Rarefied Air: Drilling for Helium in North America". Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, n. 09 (1 settembre 2021): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0921-0030-jpt.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Helium is one of the most abundant in advanced medical technologies such as MRIs, and in cryogenics, aerospace applications, and microchip manufacturing. It is also used to fill party balloons. It’s essential, expensive, and supplies are running low. Helium is about 100 million times more abundant in one place—but that place is on the moon. While trace amounts can even be found in the very air we breathe, the gas is difficult to find in commercial quantities, and those quantities are usually found as a byproduct of natural gas discoveries. Historically, about 40% of the US supply of helium came from the Federal Helium Reserve, a US Bureau of Land Management (BLM)-operated storage reservoir, enrichment plant, and pipeline system near Amarillo, Texas. The reserve was set up in 1960 as a strategic repository so that BLM could supply crude helium to private helium refining companies, which in turn refined it and marketed it to consumers. In the mid-1990s, Congress passed a bill to sell off a large part of the reserve’s supply to help pay off the facility’s debt, and effectively set in motion the federal government’s exit from the helium business. In 2013, BLM said it would begin auctioning off an increased percentage of the reserve annually as part of the bill. Last year, BLM announced the closure of the reserve. At the time of the announcement, BLM Deputy Director for Policy and Programs William Perry Pendley said “now it is time for the US government to remove itself from the helium business and allow the private sector to further develop this industry to meet the supply needs of the United States, creating a sustainable economic model and jobs for Americans.” BLM held its final crude helium auction in 2019, with the price rising 135%, from $119/Mcf a year earlier to $280/Mcf. Market pricing for helium is difficult to know. It is not a traded commodity, and pricing is normally based on long-term, confidential contracts. It’s a niche market that suffers from a lack of detailed analysis due in large part to the availability of its closely held data. The helium industry shares many aspects of the oil and gas business. Commercial deposits are found via geological survey; then, once identified, drilling begins. Outside of the search and discovery, helium can also be a useful tool for those in the oil business. It can be used for leak detection and in specialized welding due to its inert properties and high heat transfer. Additionally, as the oil field moves more toward digitalization, storage of big data will need helium for the construction of storage drives and to keep server farms cool. Swapping Hydrocarbons for Helium As scientific developments advance, the need for helium increases—a notion not lost on Canada-based Avanti Energy. The company’s CEO Chris Bakker has more than 2 decades of experience in oil and gas, most recently working as a commercial negotiator with Encana/Ovintiv for major facilities and pipelines in the Montney gas play. Today, he and his team are looking for commercial helium deposits in southern Alberta and northern Montana.
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Vo, Thi Hai Quan, e Huy Giao Pham. "A quick comparison of Pliocene and Upper Miocene shale resources in northern, central and southern parts of Song Hong basin with reference to their gas potential". Petrovietnam Journal 10 (1 novembre 2022): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47800/pvj.2022.10-01.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research is a follow-up of a more comprehensive PhD study on assessment of shale gas resources in the northern Song Hong basin that was conducted at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT). The Song Hong basin, a typical pull-apart Cenozoic basin, had experienced a post-extensional stage accompanied by seafloor spreading from Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene with its stratigraphy characterised by a fault-controlled syn-rift continental sequence followed by a post-rift marine sequence. In recent years, a number of gas fields have been discovered in the Song Hong basin with the Oligocene-Eocene and the Lower-Middle Miocene shales as the major and minor source rocks, respectively. On the other hand, the Pliocene and Upper Miocene shales, present in the stratigraphy from the north to the south of the Song Hong basin, have generally been considered as the seals, but not the source rocks in some previous studies. In July 2020, an exploration well (Ken Bau-2X) was drilled in Block 114 by ENI, reaching a total depth of 3,658 m and encountering a pay of about 110 m in several intervals of Upper Miocene sandstones interbedded with shales, confirming a considerable gas accumulations discovered in Vietnam so far. The interesting thing is that this well only encounter the Pliocene and Upper Miocene shales, the Oligocene-Eocene or Middle-Lower Miocene sediments underlying is absent or very thin. Therefore, potential source rock of these shales should be considered in the area, in particular with reference to petroleum system of the central Song Hong basin.
In this study, a preliminary comparison of the Pliocene and Upper Miocene shale resources in the northern, central and southern blocks in the Song Hong basin was conducted based on the analysis results of XRD, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance, respectively. While the Pliocene and Upper Miocene shales in many areas of Song Hong basin, show a very low or no hydrocarbon generation potential, the very deep and thick Pliocene and Upper Miocene shales in the center and adjacent areas, deposited in a marine environment under the special conditions of abnormal pressure and high geothermal gradient, can be potential source rocks that have possibly generated and released a large amount of hydrocarbons. Further geochemical analyses and petroleum system modelling of the Pliocene and Upper Miocene shales in particular and for the whole central Song Hong basin are recommended.