Tesi sul tema "Norme de management de l’innovation"
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Bigault, de Casanove Alice de. "Stimuler les relations d'innovation ouverte entre les grandes entreprises et les startups. Application à l’écosystème français". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0268.
"The whale has nothing to learn from plankton", this is how one could summarize the approach of the large groups vis-a-vis startups during the 20th century... However, following the 2008 crisis, the innovation policy of large groups integrates an approach to startups. The rapid pace of business evolution is stretching typical large corporation strategies. Hence, large corporations must seek to adopt an agile approach; borrowed from the startup approach. Rather than changing their own playbook; large groups aim to embrace open innovation as a way to evolve and meet any new business context. As a matter of fact, startups and large corporations have opposed strategies: startups are looking for product-market fit and exponential growth whereas large corporations are focused on optimization and profitability development. Yet, large corporations propose more and more open innovation plans targeting startups. In this thesis, we propose an analysis of the current practices in the corporate world to assess this apparent paradox. Thus, our central research question is: How to show the adequation between the needs of a startup and an open innovation plan of a large corporation by proposing a framework for a systematic and exhaustive analysis of the relationships between large corporations and startups? • What are the startups' needs? Are they evolving as the startup becomes more mature? • How to design tools for a systematic and exhaustive understanding of the open innovation plans and the support provided? • Is there an approach to identify the adequation between startup's needs and large corporation supports? We propose a maturity-grid-based framework to analyze the expected added value of open innovation measures proposed by large corporations. We build our grid on two scales: 1) on the type of engagement and relationships between large corporations and startups; 2) on the domains that the development of a startup should consider under the lens of the new ISO standards on innovation management ISO56000 series. We implement this framework for the French ecosystem (CAC 40 companies) with French startups survey and interviews of large corporations out of CAC 40 group. Finally, we validate our approach and findings with external stakeholders to our research. We have sketched several aspects of the large companies and startups interactions. Such interactions will increase in the near future, leading to new modes of cooperation especially after COVID-19 crisis. This work could serve as a basis for their future study
Gitchenko, Hélène. "Analyse des mécanismes de captation et d’exploitation des connaissances pour accompagner l’innovation". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0293/document.
Aiming to understand knowledge collecting and using processes to support innovation, we initiated a research work focused on SME’s. Semi-structured interviews with consultants lead us to consider the role of individual learning in knowledge management and to identify six different and specific practices to support organizational learning in an innovation context. Based on an online survey, we investigated knowledge management devices implemented to complete each of the six practices. The analysis allowed us to discriminated five different categories among survey participants and guided further collecting with the aim to describe links between knowledge management devices and sorts of innovative activities. We questioned this point through semi-structured interviews nearby SME’s entrepreneurs. Results allow to define a new analytical framework for knowledge management practices to innovate. This final proposal links Creation, Development and Research activities with specific knowledge management practices and competencies mechanisms, supported by activity theory mobilized in professional learning
Mezzourh, Soufiane. "La pratique de l’innovation dans le conseil : le cas des consultants en management". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10013.
This research seeks to describe the phenomenon of innovation in Management consulting. Building on the analysis of the collected data from interviews with management consultants of various firms, it was possible to take a fresh look at their perception and practice of innovation through a four dimension framework: strategic, organizational, methodological and technological. The components of each dimension of our innovation space are examined and discussed in light of different theoretical constructs, notably the service innovation economics, the Actor-Network Theory, the theories of managerial innovation and the Knowledge-based views of innovation. Several lessons and research avenues beneficial both to consultants and researchers are finally provided
Nguyen-Vuong, Quoc-Thinh Agoulmine Nazim. "Mobility management in 4G wireless heterogeneous networks". S. l. : Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2008/2008EVRY0007.pdf.
Makhtari, Mohammed. "Le management de l’innovation au sein des Pôles de Compétitivité : une approche par l’industrie du capital-risque". Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL2001.
The starting point of this thesis was formed by the creation in France of the “Pôle de Competitive” as Clusters to found a new economy based on science. These structures are part of the theoretical perspective that has been built on the importance of partnership action, in the emergence, dissemination and development of technological innovation of small businesses. All the current organization of the poles is indeed based on a theoretical current which states that the founding principle of innovation in small firms is proximity. This trend has seen a considerable growth, particularly with the writings of Michael Porter about the notion of "Cluster". However, technological innovation is a major challenge for small innovative companies, as they face situations of risk which hamper their development. At the same time, to address these risks, many researchers have highlighted the close link between the nature of the financing and development of technological innovation of small businesses as well as an entire cluster. This is the case in the co-location of science, industry, finance and venture capital in Silicon Valley. Within this cluster, there is a close link between funding by venture capital and its economic development. Thus, as for Pôles de Compétitivité (Dupuy and Granier, 2010), the venture capital financing is then presented as the ultimate alternative for the financing and development of entrepreneurial innovation (Gompers et al., (2005) , Klagges and Martin (2005), Ferrary (2006, 2007, 2009)). These companies are then considered as the link between local resources in a cluster and the needs of small businesses. They not only fund the entrepreneurial project, but they also support small business innovation through joint actions with local actors in a cluster, such as research, training, and large enterprises. Our research is, therefore, answer the following question: "How do venture capital companies they provide the management of innovative companies as part of a pôle de compétitivité? ". It must be said that literature is rich regarding the link between the financing of innovation through venture capital and development of innovation networks (Gompers et al. 2005; Ferrary, 2006, 2007), however, this remains unexplained in the case of these clusters. Thus, in order to bring new elements that explain this paradox, we will try, through this thesis, to develop a framework explaining the behavior of venture capital firms in a pôle de compétitivité
Riant, Jean-Philippe. "Applicabilité de la norme ISO 9000 aux processus éducatifs : Cas des lycées professionnels". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770980.
Riot, Jeanne. "Le management de l’environnement à travers ses instruments : De la diffusion d’outils à la construction de dynamiques d’action collective pour l’innovation environnementale". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0085/document.
Firms reduce their environmental impacts thanks to a series of environmental assessment tools such as LCA and Bilan Carbone (the latter being a specific form of carbon footprint assessment tool). which are supposed to act as decision support tools. However, even if these tools are widely spread among companies, the question of their performativity, or the way they effectively change managerial practice, remains. In other words several of these assessment tools do not become ipso facto management instruments. Research on environmental sciences link the difficulties of assessment tools appropriation to the tools' inherent properties (ergonomics, scientific models' robustness) and are subject to a to constant revision work. In this thesis, we explore the organisational and cognitive dimensions of this appropriation; in particular the emergence of epistemic and practice communities structured around the instruments, which constitute a receptive environment for their deployment.Based on a field work in an environmental consultancy agency, this thesis examines for six empirical case studies the process and the conditions under which the instruments trigger a sustained collective action. Beyond the basic instrument level, we study the features that are implemented in the course of collective actions and their unexpected effects. This research project highlights the existence of a variety elaborate devices, which affect firms learning capabilities. The characterisation of these devices helps identifying new managerial figures and intermediate communities, integrated to a greater or lesser extent to the company, playing a key role in the dynamics of collective action
Lecossier, Adrien. "Proposition d’un modèle de la phase amont de l’innovation pour permettre à une entreprise industrielle mature de créer des innovations radicales". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENAM0042/document.
As companies grow, they become less flexible. Regulated processes allow the development of high quality products on existing products. In return, these processes limit the introduction of novelty and limit the potential for radical innovations. In definition, a radical innovation introduces a major increase in a existing system or calls into question the codes that are established. But, the culture of processes set at the heart of the mature companies limits this possibility. Yet, in the context of radical innovation, companies must have the opportunity to research, experiment new ideas in parallel of the standard processes, and implement them under very different conditions. Our case study concerns a mature company whose business is governed by regulated processes. Centennial, our pilot company want to treat two great challenges to safe future: economic and social. The economic stakes of our pilot company are to develop radical innovations to ensure its sustainability and development. Social issues involve using modern work methods to satisfy employees, to attract new employees and to make the most of their skills. Our study of literature enables us to create a new model: the UX-FFE model (Front User Fuzzy Front Ends). Implemented in our pilot company, it proposes a response to this central objective. Indeed, it combines the User Experience (UX) and Fuzzy Front-End (FFE) approaches to take into account the social aspect by caring about the experience salaries experiments when they innovate and others by ensuring that this model allows for the creation and validation of radical innovation concepts
Nguyen-Vuong, Quoc-Thinh. "Mobility management in 4G wireless heterogeneous networks". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0007/document.
In the forthcoming era of seamless mobility, people will have an easy, universal, uninterrupted access to information, entertainment and communication ... when, where and how they want it. The ability to provide a seamless transition across heterogeneous networks will enable a new level of customer experience. This thesis contributes to the evolution of technology convergence by improving different aspects of the vertical handover management to make seamless mobility a reality. In the first part of the thesis, we emphasize on the role of user control in the mobility management. We show how users with their smart mobile terminals can overcome some obstacles in the vertical handover management and improve its performance. We propose a terminal-controlled handover management which is built on the top of a new utility-based access network selection. The terminal is shown to be able to control its radio interface to optimize the power consumption as well as to control the handover initiation or handover preparation to ensure seamless services. We develop a new handover prediction scheme to assist the handover preparation at the application level by the terminal itself. In the second part of the thesis, we consider the role of network control in the inter-system mobility management. We study a UMTS-WiMAX interworking solution including integration architecture, handover procedure, intersystem measurement and required cell overlap for seamless handovers. We also study the interworking and roaming solution across independent access networks using intermediary entities. Last contributions include a new load definition, a new load balancing index and a new algorithm which can hide the heterogeneities of different access technologies from the load balancing
Benadid, Farida. "La veille, catalyse de l’innovation : conception d’une méthode appliquée a la filière forêt-bois-papier". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40043/document.
The thesis proposes an original methodology allowing the detection of potential themes of innovation and research which can lead to projects. This methodology is based on the strategic scanning and the knowledge management which are two components of competitive intelligence. It is applied to the Forest-Wood-Paper sector in Aquitaine and leans on two key informative supports of this sector: the Technology Plateform Forest-Wood-Paper and the COST « Forest, Products and Services ». Combining the methods of strategic scanning and knowledge management, the analyzed information ends in the construction of two cognitive maps: a mind map and a conceptual map. These last ones highlight potential themes, that is: those being able to be the object of a project of research and innovation. To be successful, these potential themes shall deal with industrial needs deserving a deepening with concerned partners. The method leads to select two themes: the intelligent cover of wooden surfaces and the use of agro-materials in the construction, which end in the execution of three projects: the collaborative project « Smart Wood Coating », a COST project « Smart and innovating technologies for wood » and the collaborative project “Housing Resource Evolution Life” (RHEV). All concern technological innovations, the two first ones are determined by environmental regulations and the last one by societal demand. This thesis brings to light and analyzes the way competitive intelligence and knowledge management can catalyze innovation
Lopez, Roxane. "D' un système de management de la qualité basé sur l'amélioration à un système de management de la qualité basé sur les connaissances". Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0006.
Nowadays companies are facing an often-cited increase of their environmental complexity and dynamics that result in the necessity to cope with constant changes in their environment. Ln such circumstances it is a challenge for a company to continuously improve the efficiency of its activities. Knowledge and quality management aim this same goal. The hypothesis of this PhD is that the efficiency of the quality management system cou Id be improved by the creation of new knowledge. 50 this work focused on a case study which took piacE in an Alcan electro-metallurgy plant during four years and involved seven hundred employees. This plant has got the ISO 9001 standard since 1995 and we succeeded in using the quality synergies in order to create new knowledge thanks to a specific process. The aim of this process is to allow employees to suggest and experiment their own improvement ideas to solve daily problems. This new process allowed the suggestion of 600 new ideas, and 152 experimented ideas with a measurable added value. A critical study of the process entailed us to propose improvements
Ève, Arnaud. "Appropriation d'une norme de management et son influence sur les attitudes au travail pour la maîtrise de l'activité de l'organisation : le cas de la norme ISO 9001". Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUED006.
The research aims to understand the appropriation and the perception of ISO 9001 by employees and its influence on their attitude in favour of the control of organizational activity. Quality management standard ISO 3301 is a tool for management control. Based on the process approach to business and continuous improvement of business functions, ISO 9001 standard focuses on employee attitudes. Despite the extensive literature on the ISO 9001 standard, which focuses on the reason for its adoption and its impact on the organizations, the effects of its perception by operational employees are poorly understood. Supported by an analysis framework which aims to explain the appropriation and the perception of ISO 9001, the research explores determinants of the perception of ISO 9001 and its effects on workplace attitudes, by using the methodology of cognitive maps. Twenty-seven interview with representative employees were conducted in four French companies covering all major sectors. The study leads to a typology of perceptions of ISO 9001 : favorable, distances, contradictory, and non-perception. The results show that employees perceive positively the standard and, also, positive workplace attitudes result from standard. The research validates the sequence where management influences the perception of ISO 9001 standard, which in turn influences workplace attitudes. The study concludes that the quality management according to ISO 9001 promotes organizational control
Safarova, Gunel. "Innovation management and ambidexterity in the US context : the case of family-owned companies". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV055.
Our research work deals with the subjects of innovation and ambidexterity in the management. Our goal is to conduct a comparative study of managerial practices with several U.S. SMEs in order to identify the determinants of the balance between new and common or traditional practices. Throughout the research period we keep following our two main purposes. On the one hand, our research work focuses on the case of U.S. companies specifically proactive with regard to innovation and change management. This allows us to widen our knowledge concerning certain forms of management in the United States. On the other hand, we will draw on large number of studies dealing with both innovation management in general and particularly qualitative factors in the in the conceptions and practices of ambidexterity, especially in relation to “leadership” styles.Concerning the methodological choices, we keep up with abductive approach, because there is back and forth between literature and research field. Indeed, our research is based on a qualitative approach with case studies (Yin, Glaser et Strauss, Eisenhardt...), while our research question and problem have been refined according to the obtained results.This research work helps us to better understand business operation and management of U.S. companies, especially when they are family-owned and to highlight the specificities of their methods in terms of innovation management and ambidexterity. It helps to put the concept of innovation in perspective to show the potential contributions of certain measured approaches, aiming both the exploitation of existing and the exploration of new ways. In addition, our results provide managerial recommendations for U.S. companies, but also for other organizations or managers related to the U.S. context
Rianantsoa, Ndrianarilala. "Strategical and multidisciplinary steering of aeronautical projects on the basis of shared value model and innovation process". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740652.
Zhou, Xin. "Gouvernance des eaux douces dans les territoires méditerranéens : vers une norme commune". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1057.
Fresh water has become a major concern since the late twentieth century in both international and national level. Fresh water resources are scarce and spread unequally in the Mediterranean region. Overexploitation of surface water and groundwater, as well as degradation of water quality are two pressing issues for this region. Mediterranean countries and the international community have engaged in the search for a better management of fresh water. Lots of studies, programs and international cooperations are there to prove this. We found that the existing national and international undertake only partially these urgent problems related to freshwater. Taking account the particular circumstances of the region, we have developed the prospects for a common norm for fresh water to the Mediterranean region
Piamrat, Kandaraj. "Quality-aware resource management in wireless networks". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S095.
Les applications multimédias pour terminaux mobiles connaissent un succès grandissant. Cela oblige à développer de nouvelles méthodes plus efficaces de gestion des ressources des réseaux sans-fil du fait de leurs caractéristiques particulières : bande-passante limitée, état radio variable, interférences plus importantes, etc. Par ailleurs, les méthodes classiques de la gestion de ressources basées sur des paramètres techniques (perte/retard de paquets, gigue, etc. ) ne parviennent pas à donner des évaluations précises de la qualité telle que perçue (encore appelée Qualité d'Expérience ou QdE) par l'utilisateur de ces applications. Cette thèse s'appuie sur une technique hybride nommée PSQA (Pseudo-Subjective Quality Assessment) d'évaluation pseudo-subjective en temps réel de la QdE pour proposer de nouvelles méthodes de gestion de ressources dans les réseaux multimédias sans-fil. Que ce soit du côté de l'opérateur réseau ou du côté de l'utilisateur, nous avons proposé des méthodes de contrôle d'accès et d'ordonnancement ainsi que des méthodes de sélection de réseaux d'accès dans le contexte des réseaux sans-fil hétérogènes utilisant différentes technologies (IEEE 802. 11, UMTS, etc. ). Les résultats obtenus encouragent l'utilisation du concept de QdE et ouvre la voie à un nouveau paradigme dans la gestion des ressources dans les réseaux multimédias sans-fil
Kherrazi, Soufiane. "Les pratiques de contrôle managérial dans le contexte de l’innovation collaborative : le cas des consortiums de R&D européens sponsorisés". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASI004.
This research addresses the issue of management control (MC) of collaborative innovation. It attempts to fill this gap in MC literature by considering both contingency and internal consistency perspectives to examine the MC setting, especially in the context of R&D consortia. Opening the boundaries of R&D has implications for the MC design and effectiveness. It involves particular challenges and raises specific tensions of competing demands between control and innovation. Based on a quantitative survey of 232 firms involved in sponsored European R&D consortia and using the structural equation modeling method, we design an interfirm MC model to support collaborative innovation. Our results show that the innovation ecosystem plays a critical role as an institutional element shaping the MC design. We also infer based on our findings that the package approach is more suitable than the system one to set up control practices within a collaborative innovation context. Thus, the package allows several configurations of MC to face environment change and technological uncertainty. We highlight also the moderating effects of relational risks that may strengthen or damp the benefits of the MC package. Accordingly, the package’s effectiveness seems to be related to its “fit” with the collaboration context rather than its “internal consistency”
Kharrat, Sana. "L’innovation organisationnelle et technologique comme enjeux de la performance et de la pérennité des entreprises dans le secteur des télécoms : Le cas des opérateurs de télécommunications mobiles en Tunisie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV119.
The objective of this thesis is to identify the existence of potential links between innovation and business performance on the one hand, and innovation and sustainability of the company on the other. The use of organizational innovations and / or technology is now considered critical to the performance and the sustainability of the business. This research work studies the importance of innovation as a key element to success and business survival, while involving the three variables throughout our empirical research. The latter is performed through three case studies in the mobile telecommunications sector. Performing a qualitative analysis of the collected data and based on the theories, we found that innovation seems to have higher contribution to the sustainability than to the performance of the studied firms. This lag is mainly due to contextual elements as well as to the approach towards the potential contribution of innovation
Salha, Guillaume. "Management des systèmes d'information et télécommunications". Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0712.
The subject concerns the management of the Information systems and Telecommunications. I propose a detailed description of various topologies of inter-connection and security. I propose a modelisation of the information processing systems, to study the behavior of the systems on models and not on the system itself. I present an innovating solution based on the concept of IP collect and Multi operator routing, using the XDSL technologies of infrastructure operators, to the router in a centralized site. I propose project guidelines and methodology intended to provide a common framework covering the control of the fundamental processes and their organizational and technical impacts on the deployment in companies
Ouedraogo, Noufou. "Impact du management de la qualité sur l’apprentissage organisationnel et la gestion des connaissances". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2007/OUEDRAOGO_Noufou_2007.pdf.
In this PhD thesis, we present a study of the impact of quality management on organizational learning and knowledge management. Specifically, we try to understand how the ISO 9001 quality management system 5QMS) effectively contributes to knowledge management. We review the literature on organizational learning, knowledge management and quality management, and we examine the theoretical links between those concepts. Relying on a number of case studies, we then investigate quality management and knowledge management practices while providing evidence how QMSs contribute to such practices. In addition, we focus on three cases to study the integrated quality and knowledge management system as weel as the learning dynamics during the deployment of the ISO 9001 standards, according to the context of their implementation. Interviews and a statistical study allow us to also determine the impact of these management systems on organizational performance. Ours findings allow us to conclude that ISO 9001 quality management systems contribute to knowledge management and organizational learning, and that these management systems positively impact corporate performance
Serhan, Hiam. "Pratiques d’appropriation et dynamique des connaissances de la norme ISO 9001 : outil de conformation et creuset d'innovation". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA031.
This research is part of the evolutionary theory of the firm. Through its conceptual and empirical studies, we attempt to fill a gap in the literature dedicated to the implementation of ISO 9001 standard requirements, through the following questions: Is this standard a management tool oriented to both the conformation of operational practices to the new quality requirements (exploiting good practices/standardization function) and the exploration of new knowledge and opportunities (innovation function)? What are the practices of appropriation adopted by quality managers to orient the standard value towards one strategy or the other? What are the disturbances that emerge in the managers' activity systems during the implementation process of new standard requirements? What kind of learning and innovations are induced by the implementation of the requirements into organizational practices?To answer these questions, we analyse the structure and dynamics of ISO 9001 through the three elements of management tools: an artefact made of scientific and technical expert knowledge that are encoded in the form of requirements to be applied; a management philosophy that interprets and instruments these requirements by quality management practices; and a reductive vision of the practical and relational knowledge needed to change routines in the company. Using the model of activity system- which argues that knowledge is constantly evolving and expanding through practices - we analysed in the empirical study, the quality management practices of 12 managers in the agro food sector.Our results show that the appropriation practices of the standard have a quality assurance function through the codification and standardization of good practices, as well as a knowledge exploration function able to give new values to organizational competencies. The disturbances that emerge during the implementation of the standard’s requirements are linked to their paradoxical nature (formalizing the informal, combining conformation and creativity, application of rules elaborated far from the work place), and management style (exploitative or participative). These functions generate three forms of learning: individual or operational, collective and organizational. These forms of learning induce exploitative or knowledge based-innovations, grounded on the company’s capabilities with new values.The empirical study shows that the practices of appropriation of the standard requirements are processes of knowledge management oriented to the evolution of routines : expert, operational and relational knowledge. They construct the cycle of continuous quality improvement through the processes of acquisition, identification, codification, and leveraging organizational knoweldge. This cycle place ISO 9001 more as a tool for valuing internal skills, than a tool of quality control and assurance.Key words: ISO 9001 standard, management tool, knowledge management, appropriation, conformation, innovation
Bacoup, Pascal. "Mise en oeuvre d'un système normalisé optimisé par les démarches du Lean Management". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA014/document.
The research presented in this PhD thesis looks at an approach which attempts to merge Lean Management and the implementation of ISO-type certification. This method, that we have called "Lean Normalization", proposes a new way of approaching the implementation of ISO standards in a company, using six steps inspired from Lean Management concepts.Once a state of the art of ISO, its history and the different normative versions have been presented, we then analyze the different approaches and definitions of Lean Management.The bibliographic study of both ISO and Lean methods has enabled us to identify the following problem: the attempts to merge ISO and Lean do not lead to any type of formal modelling. We therefore propose an innovative approach which we call "Lean Normalization".This approach is composed of the following six steps: Documentary Muda, Right Documents,Design of the Process of Continuous Improvement, Due Quality, Visual Management and Animation of the Quality Management System. The application of our approach in companies has enabled us to highlight the ineffectiveness of conventional audit. Therefore, in the last chapter, we propose a different vision of an audit based on the Organizational Stress Test
El, Masri Ali. "Towards efficient and fair resources management in wireless mesh networks". Thesis, Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0011/document.
The main purpose of Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) is to provide a communication backbone for a high number of end-users, thus WMNs have to support heavy traffic load. In this thesis, we intend to maximize utilization and achieve fair allocation of the bandwidth resources in WMNs. We consider two WMN environments: WMN using the IEEE 802.11 MAC standard, which is characterized by its cheap devices and widespread deployment, and WMN using directional antennas, which are emerged as an attractive technology to enhance the spatial reusability in wireless networks. For WMM based on IEEE 802.11, we design NICC, a congestion control scheme that recognizes congestion as neighborhood-related problem, and not a link-based one. Indeed, complex interference among neighboring nodes is the main starvation cause in WMNs. Therefore, NICC handles congestion using mutual cooperation within a wireless neighborhood. NICC makes use of some underexploited fields in the IEEE 802.11frame header in order to provide an implicit multi-bit congestion feedback, and thus ensure accurate rate control without generating overhead, making efficient use of bandwidth. For WMN with directional antennas, we design FreeDMAC, a TDMA-based MAC scheme with contention-free scheduling. FreeDMAC guarantees that each node is aware of all ongoing transmissions in its neighborhood, and thus avoids directional-related problems such as deafness, making efficient use of bandwidth. Moreover, FreeDMAC presents a link-slot assignment that provides two levels of fairness: Per-link and per-flow fairness
Grout, Olivier. "Conception d'un système de management de l'environnement basé sur les normes ISO 14000 au sein de l'industrie pharmaceutique". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P004.
Dufour, Nicolas. "Contribution à l’analyse critique de la norme de contrôle. : Le cas des risques opérationnels dans le secteur financier : de la normativité à l’effectivité". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM0991/document.
The aim of this thesis is to bring to light the way the Risk management mobilizes the stakeholders of organizations to create and lead a culture of the operational risk.Our research approach is the methodological triangulation, combining two action-research case studies, arising within a banking institution and within an insurance company, as well as semi-directive interviews and an analysis of contents on a set of internal documents in each of the studied cases. The research results state the necessity of translating the standards of prudential control in the organization and of structuring the numerous controls to implement an effective risk mastering policy.The recent statutory evolutions in the banking and insurance sectors (Basel 2 and Basel 2.5, Basel 3, Solvency II) tend to strengthen systems of internal control and Risk Management as well as the communication of information over these devices for a better control of the risks. So, the regulation CRBF 97-02 speaks about operational risk systems, the directive to come Solvency II evokes in its pillar 2 the necessity of developing an internal control and a Risk Management turned to the consideration of the organizational risks.However these efforts do not prevent the emergence and the mediatization of financial scandals the scale of which is as high as the financial handled amounts. So, numerous financial institutions are affected by the operational risk. This risk is before any an organizational risk, a contingent of the human factor and taking multiple forms (the Basel categories of the operational risk).There are numerous examples of extremes operational risks: the cases of JP Morgan, UBS, Société Générale, Barclays, Goldman Sachs give evidence of it. However, the operational risk is not only the fact of corporate and investment banking and is not only an extreme risk by its consequences and in low probability. It also concerns retail banks and insurance companies and is most of the time a risk of frequency and low impact (frauds in payment activities, and fraud in life and non-life the insurance for instance). The prudential regulation include a set of standards tending to incite financial institutions to take into account better this category still emergent and badly known by risk (markets risks or credits risks have being the object of more studies).We describe the influence of these normative evolutions on the internal devices of the operational risk (Operational Risk Management, Internal Control) and we question the sense given by establishments to the information onto the control of the risks, more particularly as regards the effectiveness of these devices. To avoid an informative overload regarding control, it becomes essential to place this prudent regulation in perspective of structuring of the controls and the translation / understanding of the risk control standards
Tantayakul, Kuljaree. "Mobility Management in New Internet Architectures". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23732/1/Tantayakul_Kuljaree.pdf.
Bezzina, Amira. "Interference and Resource Management in Wireless Urban Networks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS579.
Data traffic has been witnessing an incessant growth especially in urban wireless networks. Thus, operators need to provide high quality services with good coverage and low costs. Two interesting solutions can be considered to overcome this issue: the deployment of Multi-Radio Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Networks or Smallcell deployment. New resource allocation and interference management schemes adapted for networks are proposed in this thesis. For MR-MC WMNs, we propose a new interference-aware game-theoretic algorithm called IGCA to manage the limited number of channels in order to alleviate the "a priori" interference between mesh routers by using a potential game. In the second part of this research work, we focus on resource allocation and power control problems in dense smallcell networks. Our ultimate goals are to alleviate the interference in downlink communications and make an efficient spectrum reuse when the urban mobile network is quite congested. The key idea is to find a trade-off between minimizing the transmit power of cells and maximizing the resource allocation with respect to an SINR threshold. To do so, we first propose a resource and power allocation algorithm called TCRPA that considers only smallcell users' demands. We formulate the optimization problem as a MILP and solve it using a cluster-based approach. Second, we extend this work to consider macro-users demands aside with the small-users ones in the defined optimization problem. We propose, TORPA, a new semi-centralized scheme, to solve the expanded MILP. Our simulation results show that our proposals succeed to meet our expectations
Hendel, Malek. "Qualité, qualité architecturale et démarche qualité dans le secteur de la construction en Algérie, 2000-2011". Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES1007.
The objective of this study is to propose an empirical approach of quality management practices. The approach is based on experimental data from Algerian and French Construction Company, its intensive and large used raises the problem of its permanence and durability. However, it always presents a serious and rough progress in the procedure of production. This subject permits also to define the conditions to obtain a successful integration of the quality management in construction
Oumnia, Sandrine. "Proposition d'une démarche d'accompagnement à la mise en œuvre de systèmes de management de l'environnement". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL060N.
Martouzet, Denis. "Normes et valeurs en aménagement-urbanisme, limites de la rationalité et nécessité de prise en compte du multi-niveaux". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128031.
La deuxième partie entre dans le vif du sujet des valeurs en aménagement-urbanisme, en clarifiant la problématique, en fournissant les définitions nécessaires ainsi que les différents courants de l'aménagement-urbanisme pour montrer la plurivocité des termes utilisés. Au-delà de la terminologie, ces courants reposent sur des fondements idéologiques différents et la situation actuelle apparaît comme un mixte entre ces différents courants et des pratiques qui ne réfèrent à aucun d'entre eux. Un certain pragmatisme ne permet plus au concepteur et/ou au décideur de mouler son projet dans l'idéologie contenue dans les textes d'un théoricien ou dans un courant, quels qu'ils soient. Etre aménageur-urbaniste, c'est être l'utilisateur d'un certain nombre de pratiques, de savoir-faire et de connaissances, mais aussi le vecteur de croyances, plus ou moins fondées, plus ou moins vraies mais absolument nécessaires pour travailler l'espace, concevoir un projet, répondre à une commande. Cet ensemble de croyances qui incluent des valeurs amène la question d'un éventuel déterminisme des valeurs chez l'aménageur-urbaniste, déterminisme non absolu.
Avant d'analyser certaines d'entre elles, il est nécessaire de faire un détour concernant l'apparition des valeurs, non en tant que telles, mais en tant que question : qu'est-ce qui fait que, actuellement, les valeurs, qui ont toujours existé, posent question ? La disparition progressive ou la relativisation du paradigme rationaliste, exposé en général et dans ses applications à l'aménagement-urbanisme, fournit un élément d'explication de l'apparition de nouvelles formes de pratiques qui mettent en avant d'autres valeurs que celles qui tournent autour des notions de rationalité, de déduction, de cohérence. Ainsi, une double approche théorique et historique de l'aménagement-urbanisme, comme pratique identifiable dans l'histoire et comme mise en œuvre d'un paradigme puis des conséquences de la relativisation de celui-ci, est menée.
Les valeurs qui nous paraissent les plus mobilisées dans la pratique de l'aménageur-urbaniste fonctionnent comme des couples fin-moyen : l'équité comme mise en œuvre sur le plan spatial, par la transformation de l'espace, de la justice sociale forme, avec celle-ci, le premier couple. Le second est celui composé de la mixité et de la solidarité. La première permet-elle la seconde ? De quelle manière ? La référence à la loi relative à la Solidarité et au Renouvellement Urbains est évidente et inévitable. Le troisième couple lie cohérence spatiale et cohésion sociale. Quelles sont les relations entre ces deux notions ? Laquelle détermine l'autre ? Enfin, une valeur permet de donner une certaine cohérence à ces trois couples dont les contradictions internes sont mises en évidence. Il s'agit de l'intérêt général. On peut, lui aussi, l'analyser dans un couple, non de type fin/moyen, mais d'opposition entre intérêt particulier et intérêt général. Cependant, il sera plutôt analysé en termes de mise en cohérence, éventuellement arbitraire, entre les couples précédents.
Ghazal, Sahar. "Quality of service management model for point to multi point architecture in IEEE 802. 16 (WiMAX)". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0009.
IEEE 802. 16 standard is a real revolution in wireless metropolitan area networks (WirelessMANs) that enables high-speed access to data, video, and voice services. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is the industry name given to the 802. 16-2004 amendment. The standard supports point-to-multipoint (PMP) as well as mesh mode. In the PMP mode, multiple subscriber stations (SSs) are connected to one base station (BS). The access channel from the BS to the SS is called the downlink (DL) channel, and the one from the SS to the BS is called the uplink (UL) channel. WiMAX is designed to provide inbuilt quality of service (QoS) mainly through the differentiation of five types of traffic flows: unsolicited grant service (UGS), real-time polling service (rtPS), extended realtime polling service (ertPS), non-real-time polling service (nrtPS) and best effort (BE). QoS architecture is defined in the MAC layer that supports classification for the pre mentioned classes and uplink scheduling for only UGS class. The great challenge of research activities in this domain is 1) how to share the bandwidth between the different stations (SS) according to the needed QoS and 2) how to increase the number of users without decreasing the overall QoS? The objective of this thesis is focused on these two points. Our contributions are essentially in admission control, traffic policing, and UL/DL scheduling. A new distributed QoS architecture is proposed, where the SS takes an important part in controlling the QoS through classification, traffic shaping and scheduling. An analytical model based on Markov chains is used to analyse the performance of the AC , where different priorities are assigned between the different traffic classes. This analytical study leads to the design of a self-configuring AC algorithm based on fuzzy logic. To control traffic rate in the network, a traffic policer is implemented in the SS side for each traffic class (multi-policer). And to share the available resources fairly, a real-time adaptive scheduler (RTAS) based on deficit round robin concept is constructed
Abdou, Imen. "Les contradictions de la norme dans la maîtrise des risques bancaires : résultats d'une recherche-action conduite en position de praticien réflexif dans une banque régionale". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1210.
The recent global financial crises that have almost jeopardized the world economy and shaken the global economic and financial systems have forced political authorities and institutions to strengthen their current laws and regulations to help safeguard against any future crises. In this context, risk control, transparency and visibility of information have become the foundations which standards seek to put in order to keep future crises at a distance. This thesis aims to describe the impact of the multiplicity of norms in the banking sector which can result in constraints, contradictions and significant costs for the bank. The purpose of this work is to present the mechanisms put in place by the banking establishment to meet the current regulatory requirements as well as analyze the consequences, coherences and stakes of the standards on risk management and on the internal organization of the establishment. The results underline the interest of the integral management of norms in the financial sector. The research results show that the performance of a retail bank will depend directly on its ability to anticipate and manage the various sets of standards it faces. The management of the "standard" is now becoming a major topic in the banking sector as well as risk management. Both are intrinsically linked.The foundation of this work is based on a four-year longitudinal case study built from action research at a retail bank. This approach is based on semi-structured interviews, content analysis of internal documents, meetings ... The study has mobilized control and risk theory as well as “tetranormalization” theory in order to analyze the management of norms in banking institutions
Heureude, Catherine. "Conception d’un système international de management de la qualité dans les systèmes de surveillance épidémiologique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0105/document.
The new International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005 adopted by WHO has set the rules of a new organization and therules for improved cooperation among states and for strengthening WHO's actions in fighting epidemics.Implementing IHR is complex and requires states to put in place systems that must be supported by an operationalmethodology guide. We analyzed their organizations to understand what were the weak points and to try to remedy by simple managementprocesses adapted and coherent with surveillance systems. To achieve this result we have developed and implemented a methodology applied worldwide. This methodological framework in 6 phases is based on a process approach with a map of surveillance systems, positioning in the principlesof performance improvement and the PDCA, while relying on ISO 9001 as a reference. This methodology has enabled the analysis of surveillance systems worldwide and assessing consistency with the IHR requirements. We made a parallel with ISO 9001 in order to determine if it was possible to introduce a dematerialized system as in the case of epidemic disease surveillance systems, using a known and proven reference framework. This work led us to propose a model based on quality performance management, more flexible than the ISO 9001, which is too rigid for dematerialized systems such as surveillance systems
Abouzaid, Badr. "Les incidences de la certification ISO 9001 sur la qualité de l’enseignement supérieur : l'expérience du Maroc". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUL2005.
Quality in higher education has an undeniable interest at the international level. Confronted with the fact that there is a lack of consensus on the definition of this concept and a diversity of standards used, we propose a study aiming at understanding the implications of ISO 9001 certification on the quality of higher education. To that end, we have worked out a conceptual framework based on the literature devoted to this subject. This framework is a modelization of the dimensions of quality in higher education and constitutes, in accordance with the qualitative method of case studies, the outlook according to which data from three higher education institutions are collected and processed.Our case studies have been carried out in Morocco, where the ISO 9001 standard is, contrary to several other countries, the main referential used in higher education. Our results show that this certification can have several positive impacts on the quality of higher education, including pedagogical aspects, as long as the perimeter of the certification is well defined and the requirements of the standard are adapted to the specificities of higher education
Jacob, Théo. "De la conservation en Amazonie : norme environnementale et démocratie territoriale à l’heure du « Faire mieux avec moins ». La Guyane française et l'État brésilien de l'Amapá entre tensions et normalisations". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH074/document.
In Amazonia, nature conservation is oriented towards governing men. In the name of biodiversity, marginalized population are being monitored on peripheral territories. Initially designed as tools of restriction, protected areas now go together with decentralisation. Their new goals for local democracy and economic development participate of a globalized evolution of public administration, from « sovereignty » to « governmentality». By comparing French and Brazilian processes of State reforms, this thesis first explores how environmental norm, by imparting a scientific power to the diversity and subsidiarity principles, is prompting a liberal reshuffle in states that were historically centralized. Updating a « self government » myth, the Environment is shaping a new « social contract », in the form of a territorialized moral governance project that strives to counterbalance inequalities through community federation. Secondly, an historical study of large protected areas shows how conservation complements state redeployment. In Amapá and French Guyana, it comes after sovereign function strategies maintained on a distant Amazonia, switching between paternalistic attitude and delegation of authority to local elite groups. On these « abnormal » territories, where natural resources articulate strong financial interests, conservation institutions are trying to reconcile different legitimacies. In bringing together local communities, public officials and economic players, administrators organise spaces of state governance that go along with regional autonomy. These concertation places are aiming to restrain the development of social and political gaps, in creating new mobilities on the territories. Finally, a compared ethnography of role plays, enlistment strategies, and emerging conflicts, shows the securitarian origin of these mechanisms for these central States. Environmental protection justifies a frugal type of governance, by multiplying counter powers and surveillance entrenchments between stakeholders of a common space. When inciting the emergence of a new « civil society » in barely administered back lands, this creates new rivalries and spreads managing rationale of responsibility. If an analysis of subjectification reveals that « adaptable coercion » compel political and economical powers to adjust strategies, it also demonstrates its difficulty to satisfy « state request » originating from local population. Comparability of Guyanese and Amapaense experiences therefore questions the evolution of the « French model », which is each time more dependant of a « proactive citizenship », that only the most privileged parts of the territories can see emerge
Na Amazônia, a conservação da natureza contribui para governar os homens : em nome da biodiversidade, as populações marginalizadas são gerenciadas em territórios periféricos. Inicialmente concebidas enquanto ferramentas de proibição, as áreas protegidas acompanham hoje o processo de descentralização. As novas missões de democracia local e de desenvolvimento econômico participam de uma mesma evolução da administração pública, que vai de uma lógica de “soberania” ao registro da “governamentalidade”.Pela comparação franco-brasileira dos processos de reforma do Estado, a tese mostra em um primeiro momento como a norma ambiental, conferindo força científica aos princípios de diversidade e subsidiariedade, incita a “recomposição liberal” em Estados historicamente centralizados. Atualizando um mito de self-government, o meio ambiente delineia um novo “contrato social” : um projeto de governança moral, territorializada, contrabalançando as desigualdades pela federação comunitária. Num secundo tempo, o estudo histórico de grandes áreas protegidas mostra como a conservação vem apoiando a reforma do Estado. No Amapá, como na Guiana francesa, ela sucede às estratégias de manutenção da soberania sobre uma Amazônia afastada, alternando a tutela paternalista e sua delegação às elites locais. Nesses territórios « anormais », onde as riquezas naturais estruturam fortes interesses econômicos, as instituições de conservação da biodiversidade tentam reconciliar diferentes legitimidades. Reunindo comunidades locais, representantes públicos e atores econômicos, seus gestores animam espaços de governança que acompanham o empoderamento regional. Esses espaços tentam regular o desenvolvimento das disparidades sociais e políticas, estimulando novas mobilidades nos territórios. Enfim, a etnografia comparada dos jogos de atores, das técnicas de governo e dos conflitos emergentes, revela a natureza securitária desses dispositivos colocados em cena pelos Estados centrais. A proteção do meio ambiente justifica um sistema de governo frugal, multiplicando os contrapoderes e o encaixe das vigilâncias entre os atores de um mesmo espaço. Estimulando a emergência de uma “sociedade civil” em áreas sub-administradas, cria-se novas concorrências e difunde-se uma racionalidade gerencial de responsabilização. Se a análise das subjetivações mostra que essas “coerções flexíveis” obrigam as forças político-econômicas a adaptar suas estratégias, revela também a dificuldade desses dispositivos em satisfazer as demandas da população. A comparabilidade das experiências guianensas e amapaenses questiona então a evolução do “modelo Francês”, cada vez mais dependente de uma “cidadania proativa”, que só as partes mais privilegiadas dos territórios veem emergir
Abouzaid, Badr. "Les incidences de la certification ISO 9001 sur la qualité de l’enseignement supérieur : l'expérience du Maroc". Thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUL2005/document.
Quality in higher education has an undeniable interest at the international level. Confronted with the fact that there is a lack of consensus on the definition of this concept and a diversity of standards used, we propose a study aiming at understanding the implications of ISO 9001 certification on the quality of higher education. To that end, we have worked out a conceptual framework based on the literature devoted to this subject. This framework is a modelization of the dimensions of quality in higher education and constitutes, in accordance with the qualitative method of case studies, the outlook according to which data from three higher education institutions are collected and processed.Our case studies have been carried out in Morocco, where the ISO 9001 standard is, contrary to several other countries, the main referential used in higher education. Our results show that this certification can have several positive impacts on the quality of higher education, including pedagogical aspects, as long as the perimeter of the certification is well defined and the requirements of the standard are adapted to the specificities of higher education
Jouini, Hana. "Radio Resource Management in LTE Networks : Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1153.
High demands on mobile networks provide a fresh opportunity to migrate towardsmulti-tier deployments, denoted as heterogeneous network (HetNet), involving a mix of cell types and radio access technologies working together seamlessly. In this context, network optimisation functionalities such as load balancing have to be properly engineered so that HetNet benefit are fully exploited. This dissertation aims to develop tractable frameworks to model and analyze load balancing dynamics while incorporating the heterogeneous nature of cellular networks. In this context we investigate and analyze a class of load balancingstrategies, namely adaptive handover based load balancing strategies. These latter were firstly studied under the general heading of stochastic networks using independent and homogeneous Poisson point processes based network model. We propose a baseline model to characterize rate coverage and handover signalling in K-tier HetNet with a general maximum power based cell association and adaptive handover strategies. Tiers differ in terms of deployment density and cells characteristics (i.e. transmit power, bandwidth, and path loss exponent). One of the main outcomes is demonstrating the impact of offloading traffic from macro- to small-tier. This impact was studied in terms of rate coverage and HO signalling. Results show that enhancement in rate coverage is penalized by HO signalling overhead. Then appropriate algorithms of LB based adaptive HO are designed and their performance is evaluated by means of extensive system level simulations. These latter are conducted in 3GPP defined scenarios, including representation of mobility procedures in both connectedstate. Simulation results show that the proposed LB algorithms ensure performance enhancement in terms of network throughput, packet loss ratio, fairness and HO signalling
Reverdy, Thomas. "L'invention du management environnemental : extension de la qualité industrielle et régulation négociée de l'environnement". Phd thesis, Grenoble 2, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134703.
Togou, Mohammed Amine. "Enhancing infotainment applications quality of service in vehicular ad hoc networks". Thèse, Troyes, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19537.
The fact that vehicular ad hoc network accommodates two types of communications, Vehicle-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, has opened the door for a plethora of interesting applications to thrive. Some of these applications, known as infotainment applications, focus on enhancing the passengers' experience. They have rigid requirements in terms of delivery delay and throughput. Numerous approaches have been proposed, at medium access control and routing layers, to enhance the quality of service of such applications. However, existing schemes have several shortcomings. Subsequently, the design of new and efficient approaches is vital for the proper functioning of infotainment applications. This work proposes three schemes. The first is a novel routing protocol, labeled SCRP. It leverages real-time vehicular traffic information to create backbones over road segments and connect them at intersections using bridge nodes. These nodes are responsible for collecting connectivity and delay information, which are used to select routing paths with low end-to-end delay. The second is an altruistic service channel selection scheme, labeled ASSCH. It first collects real-time service channels information and feeds it to a stochastic model that predicts the state of these channels in the near future. The least congested channels are then selected to be used. The third is an analytical model for the performance of the IEEE 802.11p Enhanced Distributed Channel Access mechanism that considers various factors, including the transmission opportunity (TXOP), unexploited by IEEE 802.11p.
Souquet, Pascal. "Essai d'un modèle d'activité d'un Centre de Compétences Technologiques : application au Cétim pour le secteur de la Mécanique". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30078.
The Technical Centre of Mechanical Engineering is one of the centres of technological competence in the Mechanical Industry. Its objective is to identify the process of management of the technology needed for its activity in innovation support.After having characterised mechanical industry in a meso economic approach, we propose a model of activity of the technological competence centre, illustrated by the Cetim example. On this basis, innovation management is analysed as a formalised operational process of the innovation support activity in the geographical and technological territory of the technological competence centre, using tools and processes of technology management.The process from idea to finished product is split into 3 steps: idea to object conception, feasibility regarding a first market target and industrialisation. This sequential model was completed by a global model which linked strategy to the implementation of an innovated project.R&D process is composed of 4 steps of a repeated cycle: technological marketing, management of the project portfolio, R&D production and enhanced value. Indicators help in evaluating performance on the 4 axes of the activity model using codification of innovation projects in the information system. This can be also used to follow core competence evolution
Adouane, Amine Mohamed. "Dynamic management of spectral resources in LTE networks". Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS007V/document.
The exponential growth in the number of communications devices has set out new ambitious targets to meet the ever-increasing demand for user capacity in emerging wireless systems. However, the inherent impairments of communication channels in cellular systems pose constant challenges to meet the envisioned targets. High spectral reuse efficiency was adopted as a solution to higher data rates. Despite its benefits, high spectral reuse leads to increased interference over the network, which degrades performances of mobile users with bad channel quality. To face this added interfence, OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is used for the new 4th generation network. Thanks to its orthogonality OFDM eliminates the intra-cellular interference, but when the same resources are used in two adjacents cells, the inter-cell interference becomes severe. To get rid of the latter, several methods for Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) have been proposed. ICIC allows coordinated radio resources management between multiple cells. The eNodeBs can share resource usage information and interference levels over the X2 interface through LTE-normalized messages. Non-cooperative game theory was largely applied were eNodeBs selfishly selects resource blocks (RBs) in order to minimize interference. In this thesis, we stress on ICIC for the downlink of a cellular OFDMA system in the context of the SOAPS (Spectrum Opportunistic Access in Public Safety) project. This project focuses on the improvement of frequency resource scheduling for Broadband Services provision by PMR (Private Mobile Radio) systems using LTE technologies. We addressed this problem with four different solutions based on Non-cooperative game theory, three algorithms are devoted to RB selection in order to manage the interference, while the last one is a power control scheme with power economy and enhanced system performances
El, manzani Younès. "L'effet de la synergie entre management de la qualité et orientation marché sur l'innovation produit des entreprises marocaines certifiées ISO 9001". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3020.
Previous research has shown that quality management (QM) and market orientation (MO) complement each other to produce a synergistic effect on value creation and delivery, customer satisfaction and performance. However, this literature suffers from several limitations, it is more predominantly conceptual, focuses more on total quality management while neglecting other QM models, and does not consider innovation. Based on the dynamic capabilities theory, the purpose of this thesis dissertation is to overcome those gaps by studying the effects of QM (ISO 9001), the responsive and proactive MO and their synergies on incremental and radical product innovation. Also, we study whether these synergistic effects are moderated by the motives behind ISO 9001 certification and the environmental uncertainty. Using a mixed methodology dominated by a quantitative approach, we tested a structural model, using the PLS-SEM approach, examining hypothetical relationships between QM (ISO 9001), responsive and proactive MO, and incremental and radical product innovation over 130 Moroccan companies certified ISO 9001 having introduced product innovations on the market. The results reveal that QM (ISO 9001) and OM are mutually reinforcing to improve product innovation. In particular, we find that MQ (ISO 9001) and responsive MO have a positive synergistic effect on incremental product innovation, and QM (ISO 9001) and proactive MO have a positive synergistic effect on innovation radical product. These effects are stronger when the level of environmental uncertainty is higher. We discussed in detail these results and their implications
Xu, Qing. "Flexible Radio Resource Management for Multicast Multimedia Service Provision : Modeling and Optimization". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0237/document.
The high throughputs supported by the multimedia multicast services (MBMS) and the limited radio resources result in strong requirement for efficient radio resource management (RRM) in UMTS 3G networks. This PhD thesis proposes to solve the MBMS RRM problem as a combinatorial optimization problem. The work starts with a formal modeling of the problem, named as the Flexible Radio Resource Management Model (F2R2M). An in-depth analysis of the problem complexity and the search landscape is done from the model. It is showed that, by relaxing the OVSF code constraints, the MBMS RRM problem can be approximated as a Multiple-Choice Knapsack Problem (MCKP). Such work allows us to compute the theoretical solution bounds by solving the approximated MCKP. Then the fitness landscape analysis shows that the search spaces are rough and reveal several local optimums. Based on the analysis, some metaheuristic algorithms are studied to solve the MBMS RRM problem. We first show that a Greedy Local Search (GLS) and a Simulated Annealing (SA) allow us to find better solutions than the existing approaches implemented in the UMTS system, however the results are instable due to the landscape roughness. Finally we have developed a Tabu Search (TS) mixed with a Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) algorithm and we have compared it with GLS, SA and UMTS embedded algorithms. Not only the TS outperforms all the other approaches on several scenarios but also, by comparing it with the theoretical solution bounds generated by the MCKP solver, we observe that TS is equal or close to the theoretical optimal solutions
Jouini, Hana. "Radio Resource Management in LTE Networks : Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1153/document.
High demands on mobile networks provide a fresh opportunity to migrate towardsmulti-tier deployments, denoted as heterogeneous network (HetNet), involving a mix of cell types and radio access technologies working together seamlessly. In this context, network optimisation functionalities such as load balancing have to be properly engineered so that HetNet benefit are fully exploited. This dissertation aims to develop tractable frameworks to model and analyze load balancing dynamics while incorporating the heterogeneous nature of cellular networks. In this context we investigate and analyze a class of load balancingstrategies, namely adaptive handover based load balancing strategies. These latter were firstly studied under the general heading of stochastic networks using independent and homogeneous Poisson point processes based network model. We propose a baseline model to characterize rate coverage and handover signalling in K-tier HetNet with a general maximum power based cell association and adaptive handover strategies. Tiers differ in terms of deployment density and cells characteristics (i.e. transmit power, bandwidth, and path loss exponent). One of the main outcomes is demonstrating the impact of offloading traffic from macro- to small-tier. This impact was studied in terms of rate coverage and HO signalling. Results show that enhancement in rate coverage is penalized by HO signalling overhead. Then appropriate algorithms of LB based adaptive HO are designed and their performance is evaluated by means of extensive system level simulations. These latter are conducted in 3GPP defined scenarios, including representation of mobility procedures in both connectedstate. Simulation results show that the proposed LB algorithms ensure performance enhancement in terms of network throughput, packet loss ratio, fairness and HO signalling
Rasolofoarisoa, Andry. "La transformation des contraintes normatives en opportunités : cas d’organisations du secteur médico-social". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3055/document.
How to convert compliance issues into opportunities? The research was conducted into the French welfare industry, within medical-social centers supporting disabled or dependent persons. The results are as follows. First, seven cross-sectoral and five sector specific norms, i.e. standards and regulations, influence those organizations’ performance. Those effects can be aggregated into three basic functions of norms: a transactional, an incentive and a rent-producing function. In absolute terms, those effects are not constraining or advantageous. Individuals are likely to consider norms as constraints or as opportunities following four judgement criteria: their interest, their values, their strategies for increasing their legitimacy or for acquiring resources.In their attempt to reduce the pressures from their institutional environment, individuals are likely to rely on one of six strategies: compliance, arbitration, deviance, decoupling, exceedance, or manipulation. The thesis also provides a mapping of the “good practices” concerning norms management. They are also likely to intervene on factors magnifying the constraints or advantageous effects of norms. Amongst them, nine factors are inherent to the norms or to the institutional environment: the norm comprehensiveness, the effect of reduction of the scope of possibilities, the restrictions due to the use of norm-based judgment criteria, the legitimacy conferred by compliance, the participation level during normalization processes, the intensity of norms production, the effectiveness of compliance controls, the substantial injunctions about work organization and, finally, about the objectives that must be achieved. Six factors are endogenous or individual: information mastery, possession of technical skills for complying with norms, individuals ‘perception of risk, networks and relations, adaptability to fluctuating needs or social demand, and finally, idiosyncrasy
¿Cómo transformar las limitaciones normativas en oportunidades? Realizada en el sector medico-social francés, la investigación muestra que siete normas generales y cinco normas sectoriales específicas ejercen efectos decisivos sobre el desempeño de las organizaciones medico-sociales (resultado 1). Estos efectos se pueden resumir en tres funciones básicas de las normas: transaccional, de incentivo y rentista (resultado 2). En todos los casos, la consideración de estos efectos como restrictivos o ventajosos por los actores es subjetiva y subordinada a cuatro factores de juicio: sus intereses, sus valores, las estrategias que adoptan para aumentar su legitimidad o para adquirir recursos ( resultado 3). En un intento por mitigar las presiones normativas, los actores utilizan seis estrategias: conformidad, arbitraje, desviación, desacoplamiento, excedencia o manipulación (resultado 4). La tesis presenta también un inventario de "buenas prácticas" en la gestión de las normas (resultado 5). Por otro lado, los actores pueden intervenir sobre factores que pueden reducir o aumentar el efecto restrictivo u oportuno de las normas. De estos, nueve factores son intrínsecos a las normas o al entorno normativo: la integridad de la norma, el efecto de reducción del rango de posibilidades, las restricciones causadas por el uso de criterios de juicio basados en normas, la legitimidad conferida por la conformidad, el nivel de participación durante los procesos de normalización, la intensidad de proliferación de las normas, la eficacia de las operaciones de control de conformidad, los requisitos substanciales sobre la organización del trabajo y, por último, los requisitos substanciales sobre los objetivos perseguidos (resultado 6). Seis factores son endógenos para las organizaciones o los individuos: el control de la información, la posesión de habilidades técnicas para aplicar las normas, la percepción del riesgo por los actores, las redes y las relaciones entre los actores, la adaptabilidad a la evolución de las necesidades o demanda social, y la idiosincrasia (resultado 7)
如何将合规问题转化为机遇?这项研究在法国福利行业中,支持残疾或无依靠人仕的社会医疗中心内进行。研究结果如下。首先,七个跨部门和五个部门的具体规范,即标准和法规,都影响着这些组织的表现。这些影响可以归纳为规范的三个基本功能:交易,激励和租金生成的功能。而这些影响绝对不是约束或有利的。 个别人士或会考虑以以下四个标准,将规范判断为约束或机遇:他们的兴趣,他们的价值观,他们用來提高合法性的策略,或资源的获取。 个别人士或会凭借以下六大策略之一,试图去减轻其体制环境的压力:合规性,仲裁,偏离,脱钩,超越或操纵。论文还提供了有关规范管理的 “良好实践” 制图。他们可能会干涉一些放大规范的限制或有利影响的因素。其中,九个因素是规范或体制环境所固有的:规范的全面性,减少在可能性范围内的影响,使用判断标准所带来的限制性影响,合规所赋予的合法性,正常化过程中的参与程度,规范生产的强度,合规控制的有效性,有关工作机构的实质性禁令,最后,有关目标必须达成。 六个因素是内成或个別的:信息的掌握,拥有遵守规范的技术技能,个人对风险的看法,网络和关系,适应不断变化的需要和社会需求,最后,特质或特有的风格。
Le, Pendeven Benjamin. "Emerging approaches for financing innovation". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1169.
Driven by technological change, new legal frameworks, growing demand for cash from start-ups, and a growing maturity of market operators, innovation finance professionals have partly modified their practices. On the one hand, traditional financing tools have modernized their organizations and methods, and on the other, new forms of financing have emerged. These numerous evolutions open essential theoretical questions, while questioning the traditional theories of the financing of innovation as well as suggesting new theoretical considerations.The thesis investigates three of these modes of financing. The first, the Social Impact Bonds (otherwise known as Contrats à Impact Social, in France) are a way of financing the non-entrepreneurial social innovation that appeared in 2010 in Great Britain. The second tool analyzed is about equity crowdfunding. Emerging form of financing entrepreneurial projects by the crowd on the internet, it knows a strong growth since a decade. The thesis analyzes the impact of innovation degree on campaigns’ success. The third and last tool mentioned in this thesis is that of the funds of Multi Corporate Venture Capital (MCVC)
Xiao, Jinhua. "Towards a STEP-compliant data model for process information management in additive manufacturing : application to fused deposition modelling". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2483.
Regarding the rapid development of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, the integration of digital thread and the standard of data exchange are becoming a huge trend. Digital thread has its own several stages, including production engineering and manufacturing operations. AM data exchange mainly focuses on various print formats, such as STL, AMF, 3MF, and STEP. Therefore, digital thread and information standard become increasing significant. In order to achieve a better integration of digital thread, data standard is needed further to enhance the interoperability among various computer-aided X systems (CAD/CAPP/CAM/CNC). Two kinds of problems must be overcome. The first problem is linked to process-related integration while the second is related to data standard. The contribution of the thesis is based on STEP/STEP-NC standards to integrated production engineering and manufacturing operations. The first contribution proposes the fundamental guideline for specifying AM digital thread, including concepts, standards, model representation, descriptive languages, and model assessment. The second contribution, AM process data model, is proposed to address the issues of data interoperability on production engineering and manufacturing operations that defines application objects and entities, and definitions process of data models. The third contribution focuses on the conformance assessment for proposed data model. It provides the specific analysis way for manufacturing layer and head path, respectively. Finally, the propositions are then implemented by a global architecture based on CatalystEX Platform. Such an architecture makes a demonstration on the interoperability of the developed data model and presents the use of a case study for NIST testing part. In order to integrate all the related information on production planning and manufacturing operations, extended STEP/STEP-NC physical file has been accomplished by STEP Part-21 to demonstrate the print planning and AM operations
Hijjawi, Tharwat. "Les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) dans l’enseignement supérieur des langues étrangères en Palestine… Oui, mais comment ? Une évaluation des politiques d’intégration et d’innovation pédagogique dans le système éducatif palestinien". Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30055.
The objective of this research is to evaluate the integration of ICT in Palestinian universities for foreign language teaching: the case of RUFO and QIF projects. By adopting a constructivist theoretical approach, this study is conducted on three levels: micro (teachers and students), meso (on line courses) and macro (policy of the university and the Ministry of Education).The research is based on a qualitative and comprehensive methodology. A content analysis was applied to the triple collected data (interviews, excerpts from on line courses, official excerpts) The findings show that current teaching practices have not evolved as a result of the integration of ICT; the use of this new modality has amplified the existing traditional and directive practices; sometimes it has moved them backward. The main conclusion is that it is not possible to innovate without changing the educational paradigm and shifting from a teaching-centered model to a learning- centered one. Development of higher education requires the implementation of: a complex and cooperative educative engineering, a bidirectional and transversal management process of the innovation, and a training-coaching at all levels
Brun, Philippe. "Conférence répartie en mode messagerie". Saint-Etienne, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/94/12/02/PDF/1987_Brun_Philippe.pdf.
Jensen, Karina. "Accelerating Global Product Innovation through Cross-cultural Collaboration : Organizational Mechanisms that Influence Knowledge-sharing within the MNC". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840215.