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1
Parent, André. "Félix Vicq d'Azyr: Anatomy, Medicine and Revolution". Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 34, n. 1 (febbraio 2007): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100018722.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT:Félix Vicq d'Azyr was born in 1748 in the small town of Valognes, Normandy. He studied medicine in Paris but he was particularly impressed by the lectures given at the Jardin du Roi by the comparative anatomist Louis Daubenton and the surgeon Antoine Petit. In 1773, Vicq d'Azyr initiated a series of successful lectures on human and animal anatomy at the Paris Medical School, from which he received his medical degree in 1774. He was elected the same year at the Academy of Sciences at age 26, thanks to his outstanding contributions to comparative anatomy. Vicq d'Azyr became widely known after his successful management of a severe cattle plague that occurred in the southern part of France in 1774, an event that led to the foundation of the Royal Society of Medicine in 1778. As Permanent Secretary of this society, Vicq d'Azyr wrote several eulogies that were models of eloquence and erudition and worth him a seat at the French Academy in 1788. Vicq d'Azyr published in 1786 a remarkable anatomy and physiology treatise: a large in-folio that contained original descriptions illustrated by means of nature-sized, colored, human brain figures of a quality and exactitude never attained before. In 1789, Vicq d'Azyr was appointed physician to the Queen Marie-Antoinette and, in 1790, he presented to the Constituent Assembly a decisive plan to reform the teaching of medicine in France. Unfortunately, Vicq d'Azyr did not survive the turmoil of the French Revolution; he died at age 46 on June 20, 1794.
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Davison, H. C., A. Otter e A. J. Trees. "Significance of Neospora caninum in British dairy cattle determined by estimation of seroprevalence in normally calving cattle and aborting cattle". International Journal for Parasitology 29, n. 8 (agosto 1999): 1189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00094-6.
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Kim, Min-Kyoung, e Raymond M. Leuthold. "The Distributional Behavior of Futures Price Spreads". Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 32, n. 1 (aprile 2000): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800027838.
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AbstractThe distributional behavior of futures price spreads is examined for four commodities: corn, live cattle, gold and T-bonds. Remarkably different results are found over commodities, time period, and sample size. Actual spread changes for the smaller sample size of gold and T-bonds and for corn produce more normal distributions for weekly than for daily differencing intervals, while all live cattle spreads for actual changes are normally distributed. However, the larger sample size of both gold and T-bonds and the relative spread changes for corn and live cattle do not become more normally distributed under temporal aggregation of the data.
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Sarmiento, Derly Rodríguez, Emanuela Tullo e Rita Rizzi. "Pedigree-based analysis of genetic variability in the registered Normande cattle breed in Colombia". Animal Production Science 57, n. 3 (2017): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15057.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Genetic variability and structure of the population were studied in 7949 registered Normande cattle in Colombia. The pedigree was deep with 18 traced generations, but there were some incomplete genealogical information for the cattle born in the more distant past. The average number of complete and equivalent complete generations was 2.42 and 5.21, respectively. The average pedigree completeness index for five generations was 0.62, which increased over time, and a significant difference between sexes was found (males: 0.82 ± 0.11; females: 0.62 ± 0.38). The average generation interval was 7.57 years. The number of founders, effective founders, ancestors, and founder genomes were 575, 115, 47, and 22.22, respectively, which suggests that an unequal use of founders and a random loss of alleles from founders occurred over time. The level of inbreeding was 0.019 and increased to 0.023, when the inbreeding coefficient was calculated by assigning inbreeding of contemporaries to founders. These levels of inbreeding lead to an effective population size of 138.5 and 117.9 and to a 0.36% and 0.42% rate of inbreeding, respectively. Out of 267 herds with more than five registered breeding animals, only one nucleus herd was present, whereas 117 and 119 were classified as multiplier and commercial herds, respectively. About 92% of calves were sired by French bulls; but the use of Colombian bulls for breeding is increasing. The Colombian Normande breed is at an acceptable level of genetic variability, although some losses of founder alleles have occurred. As the level of inbreeding has been increasing, inbreeding and mating strategies should be monitored in order to maintain the genetic diversity of the breed.
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Blair-West, J. R., D. A. Denton, M. J. McKinley e R. S. Weisinger. "Thirst and brain angiotensin in cattle". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 262, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1992): R204—R210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.2.r204.
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Cows that were normally hydrated or deprived of water were given intravenous or intracerebroventricular (icv) infusions of angiotensin I converting-enzyme inhibitors (CEI) or angiotensin II antagonists. Normally hydrated Na-deficient cows increased water intake in a dose-related manner in response to icv infusion of angiotensin I (n = 5). The response to 3 micrograms/h angiotensin I was abolished by concurrent icv infusion of the CEI captopril at 3 mg/h but not by intravenous infusion of captopril at 120 mg/h, which reduced Na appetite (n = 5). The icv infusion of captopril at 12 mg/h did not reduce the water intake of cows that were water restricted for 26.5 h (n = 4) or water restricted and Na deficient (n = 4). The icv infusion of the more lipophilic CEI ramipril at 3 mg/h (n = 7) did not reduce the water intake of normally hydrated or dehydrated cows but reduced the "need-free" intake of Na solution by dehydrated cows. The icv infusion of the nonpeptide antagonist Du Pont 753 at 3 mg/h (n = 7) reduced water intake in dehydrated cows. The results indicate that brain angiotensin may be involved in thirst in cattle. The data suggest that this brain angiotensin II may be formed by a pathway that does not include converting enzyme and that is sited inside the blood brain barrier, possibly in the median preoptic nucleus.
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Boichard, D., F. Guillaume, A. Baur, P. Croiseau, M. N. Rossignol, M. Y. Boscher, T. Druet et al. "Genomic selection in French dairy cattle". Animal Production Science 52, n. 3 (2012): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11119.
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Genomic selection is implemented in French Holstein, Montbéliarde, and Normande breeds (70%, 16% and 12% of French dairy cows). A characteristic of the model for genomic evaluation is the use of haplotypes instead of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), so as to maximise linkage disequilibrium between markers and quantitative trait loci (QTLs). For each trait, a QTL-BLUP model (i.e. a best linear unbiased prediction model including QTL random effects) includes 300–700 trait-dependent chromosomal regions selected either by linkage disequilibrium and linkage analysis or by elastic net. This model requires an important effort to phase genotypes, detect QTLs, select SNPs, but was found to be the most efficient one among all tested ones. QTLs are defined within breed and many of them were found to be breed specific. Reference populations include 1800 and 1400 bulls in Montbéliarde and Normande breeds. In Holstein, the very large reference population of 18 300 bulls originates from the EuroGenomics consortium. Since 2008, ~65 000 animals have been genotyped for selection by Labogena with the 50k chip. Bulls genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) were made official in June 2009. In 2010, the market share of the young bulls reached 30% and is expected to increase rapidly. Advertising actions have been undertaken to recommend a time-restricted use of young bulls with a limited number of doses. In January 2011, genomic selection was opened to all farmers for females. Current developments focus on the extension of the method to a multi-breed context, to use all reference populations simultaneously in genomic evaluation.
7
Herrera Gomez, F., F. D. Deb Hovell e C. A. Sandoval Castro. "Urinary recovery of allantoin in normally fed steers". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200597324.
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Studies in the use of the purine derivatives technique in ruminants have been stimulated by the possible use of this technique as an estimator of the rumen microbial-N supplied to the host animal. The recovery factor influences the estimation of the total purines absorbed and therefore the microbial-N supply. The relationship between exogenous purine input and urinary excretion and recovery has been studied using cattle maintained with the intragastric infusion technique (Orskov et al., 1979). The urinary recovery of exogenous purines has been estimated to be 0.77-0.85 (Chen et al., 1990a, Verbic et al., 1990), and this relationship has been assumed to be applicable to normal feeding situations. To our knowledge there is no data to support or reject this approach. This study examined the urinary recovery of exogenous allantoin input in steers under normal feeding conditions.
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Herrera Gomez, F., F. D. Deb Hovell e C. A. Sandoval Castro. "Urinary recovery of allantoin in normally fed steers". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998 (1998): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600032931.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Studies in the use of the purine derivatives technique in ruminants have been stimulated by the possible use of this technique as an estimator of the rumen microbial-N supplied to the host animal. The recovery factor influences the estimation of the total purines absorbed and therefore the microbial-N supply. The relationship between exogenous purine input and urinary excretion and recovery has been studied using cattle maintained with the intragastric infusion technique (Orskov et al., 1979). The urinary recovery of exogenous purines has been estimated to be 0.77-0.85 (Chen et al., 1990a, Verbic et al., 1990), and this relationship has been assumed to be applicable to normal feeding situations. To our knowledge there is no data to support or reject this approach. This study examined the urinary recovery of exogenous allantoin input in steers under normal feeding conditions.
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Yasmeen, Roheela, Hifsa Ali Muhammad, Bushra Nisar Khan Bushra Nisar Khan, Syeda Shazia Bokhari, Uzma Rafi e Aisha Qurashi. "Microbial Diversity in Gut of Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus Ibis) On Exposure to Different Environment". Lahore Garrison University Journal of Life Sciences 3, n. 1 (22 aprile 2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgujls.2019.030152.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) normally nest near water and normally feed in grass or wetlands. But now, they are changing their habitat and are also seen feeding on crop fields and garbage dumping sites. The study was conducted to assess gut flora of locally matured cattle egret exposed to different environments. The sampling was carried out in winter season of 2017 at two sites of Lahore, Havalian Karbath (rural, site 1) and Mehmood Booti (urban, site 2). The microbial analysis was carried out to find out diversity in bacterial fauna present in gut (stomach and intestine) of cattle egrets. The total of eight bacterial isolates was collected from stomach and intestine of site 1 and site 2. The characteristics study of bacterial isolates was based on morphological and biochemical tests. The bacterial isolates from site 1 were noticed as Bacillus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. However, from site 2, Staphylococcus spp., Listeria spp. and Streptococcus spp. were isolated. It was concluded on morphological characterization of isolates that diverse morphology of bacteria associated with gut flora of cattle egret on exposure to different environmental sites. However, a detailed study at species level is required to identify disease causing ability of microbes.
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Mesbah-Uddin, M., C. Hoze, P. Michot, A. Barbat, R. Lefebvre, M. Boussaha, G. Sahana, S. Fritz, D. Boichard e A. Capitan. "A missense mutation (p.Tyr452Cys) in the CAD gene compromises reproductive success in French Normande cattle". Journal of Dairy Science 102, n. 7 (luglio 2019): 6340–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-16100.
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Colleau, J. J., Catherine Beaumont e D. Regaldo. "Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation of genetic parameters for type traits in Normande cattle breed". Livestock Production Science 23, n. 1-2 (ottobre 1989): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(89)90005-5.
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Clawson, Michael L., e Robert W. Murray. "Pathogen variation across time and space: sequencing to characterize Mannheimia haemolytica diversity". Animal Health Research Reviews 15, n. 2 (10 novembre 2014): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252314000188.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractBovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a major animal health and economic issue that affects cattle industries worldwide. Within the USA, the beef cattle industry loses up to an estimated 1 billion dollars a year due to BRDC. There are many contributors to BRDC, including environmental stressors and viral and/or bacterial infections. One species of bacteria in particular, Mannheimia haemolytica, is recognized as the major cause of severe fibrinonecrotic pneumonia in cattle. M. haemolytica is an opportunistic pathogen that normally populates the upper respiratory tract of cattle, and invades the lower respiratory tract in stressed and/or virally infected cattle by mechanisms that are not completely understood. However, not all M. haemolytica appear to be equally pathogenic to cattle. Thus, a test could be developed to distinguish M. haemolytica genetic subtypes by their propensity to cause respiratory disease, allowing isolation and/or treatment of cattle harboring strains with an increased propensity to cause disease. To that end, the genomes of over 300 M. haemolytica strains are being sequenced.
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M. Shyam, Rajinder Singh e R. K. Malik. "Fixed Dome Type Biogas Plant for Digestion of Cattle Dung in Solid State". Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 43, n. 3 (30 settembre 2006): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2006433.1197.
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Family size biogas plants in rural India are fed with 1:1 mixture of cattle dung and water as substrate. Regular feeding of many of those plants is often suspended due to scarcity of water during summer season, rendering the plants non-operational. Besides inconvenience in mixing water and cattle dung, the watery digested slurry discharged from the biogas plants normally requires lot of time and space for drying before transportation to fields for use as manure. The fixed dome type family size biogas plant design has been modified for feeding of cattle dung in solid state (total solids contents 16-18%). The modified plant has been found working well throughout the country except hilly regions.
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K, HEMANTH GOWDA, M. NARAYANA SWMAY, C. S. NAGARAJA, K. GANESH e NAVEEN KUMAR G S. "Association between MHC gene and immune response to FMD vaccine in Malnad Gidda cattle". Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2022): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i1.120907.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Malnad Gidda cattle with specific qualities like disease resistance, heat tolerance, ability to survive and productionunder stress and low input conditions needs to be conserved for future. They are found to be less susceptible forfoot and mouth disease (FMD) and are normally not vaccinated for FMD. The present study was conducted todetermine the genetic polymorphism at MHC DRB3.2 loci and cellular immune responsiveness to FMD vaccinationin Malnad Gidda compared to Hallikar × HF crossbred cattle. A total of 12 cattle, of which six Malnad Gidda andsix Hallikar × Holstein Friesian crossbred animals aged between one to three years were selected. The genomicDNA was isolated and utilized to determine the genetic polymorphism at MHC DRB3.2 loci. The blood sampleswere collected from the same animals for estimation of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes by flow cytometry to determinethe cellular immune responsiveness to FMD vaccination. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysisGraphPad Prism Version 5.01. The two allelic variants MHC DRB3.2*117 and *219 present between MalnadGidda and Holstein Friesian crossbred cattle could be responsible for better cellular immune responsiveness withsignificantly higher CD4 lymphocytes population to FMD vaccination in Malnad Gidda cattle compared to Hallikar× HF crossbred cattle.
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Ternouth, J. H., G. Bortolussi, D. B. Coates, R. E. Hendricksen e R. W. McLean. "The phosphorus requirements of growing cattle consuming forage diets". Journal of Agricultural Science 126, n. 4 (giugno 1996): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600075596.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SUMMARYThe results of six experiments on growing cattle weighing 140–480 kg, and with liveweight gains of —0·46 to 1·11 kg/day, were reanalysed to provide estimates of their phosphorus (P) requirements. The 158 data sets were from individually penned cattle offered barley straw-based diets ad libitum with dry matter digestibilities of 0·53–O·65, or from cattle grazing tropical pastures with in vitro dry matter digestibilities ranging from 0·50 to 0·62. Various concentrations of dietary energy, nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca) and P were imposed during the course of the experiments with the penned cattle and various rates of application of P fertilizer changed the botanic and nutrient composition of the forages available to the grazing cattle. The P balances and P kinetics of the cattle were studied using 32P as a tracer.Over the range of P intakes normally observed in cattle consuming forage diets (10–60 mg/kg LW), the coefficient of P absorption was high and not affected by age or liveweight. The regression coefficient relating P intake to P absorption was 0·77 for unsupplemented grazing cattle and 0·82 for penned supplemented cattle. When the plasma inorganic P concentrations were < 50 mg/1, urinary P excretion of the penned cattle was low, as were the endogenous faecal P losses of both the penned and grazing cattle. These losses were concluded to represent obligatory losses and were related to dry matter intake (r = 0·73) in the range 9–17 mg P/kg LW.The total P requirements of growing cattle were estimated as g/day and g/kg DM intake from this data. The requirements of cattle consuming forage diets were 40–50% lower than those published by the Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC 1991), even though the same equation for the net requirements for growth was utilized.
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Ilatsia, E. D., T. K. Muasya, W. B. Muhuyi e A. K. Kahi. "Prospects for genetic improvement of milk production traits of Sahiwal cattle in Kenya". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (aprile 2007): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200019724.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The primary emphasis of the long-term Sahiwal cattle breeding programme is to increase milk yield by selecting cows based on their performance in first three lactations. It is therefore important to have knowledge on the extend of additive genetic variance and genetic parameters for these traits. Genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates normally apply directly to the specific population and environment from which the data were collected. In the Sahiwal cattle in Kenya, very little is known about the genetic variation of milk production traits and their genetic relationships. Furthermore, genetic and phenotypic parameter estimates for the Sahiwal cattle based on multivariate animal model are scarce. This paper presents estimates of variance components and genetic parameters for milk production traits using trivariate animal model.
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Gunter, Stacey A., e Matthew R. Beck. "Measuring the respiratory gas exchange by grazing cattle using an automated, open-circuit gas quantification system1". Translational Animal Science 2, n. 1 (febbraio 2018): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tas/txx009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractRuminants are a source of enteric CH4, which has been identified as an anthropogenic greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. With interest in developing technologies to decrease enteric CH4 emissions, systems are currently being developed to measure CH4 emissions by cattle. An issue with grazing cattle is the ability to measure CH4 emissions in open-air environments. A scientific instrument for this task is an automated, open-circuit gas quantification system (GQS; C-Lock, Inc., Rapid City, SD). The GQS is a head chamber that grazing cattle occasionally visit (3 to 8 min/visit; 3 to 6 visits/d), and while the animal consumes a small portion of bait (0.5 to 1.0 kg/visit), the GQS captures the animal’s breath cloud by exhausting air through the GQS. The breath cloud is then analyzed for CH4, CO2, and O2 concentrations. Data are hourly uploaded to a server where it is processed using algorithms to determine total daily fluxes. Several factors affect emission estimates generated by the GQS including the animal’s visitation rate, length of sampling period, and airflow through the system. The location of the GQS is an important factor in determining the cattle’s willingness to visit. Further, cattle need to be trained to use the GQS, which normally requires 4 to 8 wk. Several researchers have shown that 30 or more visits are required to obtain high-quality estimates of gas fluxes. Once cattle are trained to use the GQS, the bait delivery rate has little effect on the animal’s willingness to use the system. Airflow through the GQS is an important factor, but as long as airflow is maintained above 26 L/s the breath-cloud capture seems nearly complete. There is great concern regarding circadian variation in the instantaneous production rates of CH4 because the GQS normally only spot-samples 2 to 4 times/d. Preliminary analysis has shown that variation in the instantaneous production rates of CH4 do not vary as greatly with grazing cattle compared with meal-fed cattle. It seems that increasing the visitation length decreases variation in estimated emissions, but there is a diminishing return to increasing visitation length. The GQS is a useful tool for researching the nutrition and emissions of grazing cattle, but great care must be taken to obtain the best quality data possible for use in this high-impact research.
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Bhattacharya, Tarun K., Pushpendra Kumar, Jamuna D. Joshi e Satish Kumar. "Estimation of inbreeding in cattle using RAPD markers". Journal of Dairy Research 70, n. 1 (febbraio 2003): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029902005964.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Inbreeding indicates the degree of homozygosity at a locus within a population. Normally inbreeding is estimated in terms of a coefficient calculated from the pedigree of an individual. If no history is available, however, there is no way to estimate the inbreeding coefficient. Sometimes, data on individuals are missing, and that too can prevent the estimation of the inbreeding coefficient, which is essential for formulation of a breeding programme at the farm level and for breed development.
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Suwandyastuti, S. N. O., e Efka Aris Rimbawanto. "Produk Metabolisme Rumen pada Sapi Perah Laktasi". Jurnal Agripet 15, n. 1 (1 aprile 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v15i1.2284.
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(Rumen metabolism product on lactating dairy cattle) ABSTRACT. The rumen microorganism, as yeast, have an important role in rumen fermentation processes and the rumen metabolism product. A research had been done to study the use of yeast, Saccharomyces cereviseae in Lactating dairy cattle ration. The research had been conducted by experimental method, in a Latin Square Design. The animal were subjected as column and periods function as row. The treatment to be tested were four levels of yeast addition, namely : 0, 5, 10 and 15 g/cattle/day. The variables measured were rumen metabolism product : Total Volatile Fatty Acids (T-VFA), Acetate (C2), Propionate (C3), Butyrate (C4), Formiate, Valerate, Nitrogen Ammonia and C2/C3. Based on the all variables measured, it was indicated that the addition of yeast Saccharomyces cereviseae up to 15 g/cattle/day have not changed the rumen metabolism product on lactating dairy cattle; although it was a normally production of total VFA (96,86 ± 9,94 mM/L and C2/C3 (3,08 ± 0,14), but it was very high production of N-NH3 (12,85 ± 2,72 mM/L). To increase the efficiency of metabolism processes, it is need the addition of fermentable carbohydrate in ration.
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Young, A. S., J. J. De Castro, Casey Burns e D. L. Murphy. "Potential of ear tags impregnated with acaricides for control of the brown ear tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) infesting cattle". Parasitology 90, n. 2 (aprile 1985): 391–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000051088.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Plastic ear tags impregnated with acaricides (synthetic pyrethroids; fenvalerate, 10% (w/w); fenpropathrin, 10% (w/w); fiuvalinate, 10% (w/w); and permethrin, 8% (w/w)) were evaluated for the control of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus infesting cattle in the laboratory and field in Kenya. These controlled release devices gave excellent control of R. appendiculatus for over 20 weeks on cattle in the laboratory where they were housed mostly indoors. Fluvalinate-impregnated tags gave consistently the most rapid control of ticks, but all of the tags normally prevented feeding of the ticks on the ears of cattle. Under field conditions in the Trans-Mara Division of Kenya, excellent control of R. appendiculatus naturally infested cattle was obtained by fluvalinate-impregnated tags followed by fenpropathrin. Less impressive control was obtained by fenvalerate- and permethrin-impregnated tags, but this control was more effective than immersion of cattle in toxaphene. In contrast to the laboratory experiments, the effect of the tags on R. appendiculatus infestation waned by 58 days after application. The potential of synthetic pyrethroid-impregnated tags for the control of ticks infesting cattle in Africa was demonstrated, but a more prolonged release of the active ingredients at an effective level in the field and, in some cases, a more robust tag design will have to be achieved before tick control with impregnated tags becomes a practical proposition.
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WANG, WEI, JEFF D. TURNER e GILLES ROBITAILLE. "Genetic polymorphism of plasminogen in dairy cattle". Journal of Dairy Research 64, n. 4 (novembre 1997): 637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029997002434.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Plasmin (PLM; E.C. 3.4.4.14) is the major proteolytic enzyme normally present in bovine milk. From a technological point of view, PLM activity in milk is detrimental as it increases the proteolysis of casein to proteose peptones, and this results in reduced storage time, taste defects, loss of cheese yield and quality, and changes in the physicochemical properties of milk (for review, see Fox, 1992). Therefore a reduction of PLM activity in milk would be desirable. Plasminogen (PLG), the zymogen of plasmin, and PLM content are affected by several physiological and environmental factors, and by genetic factors such as breed (Richardson, 1983; Schaar, 1985; Politis et al. 1989; Benslimane et al. 1990). We have addressed the question of PLG polymorphism in dairy cattle.
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Drummond, R. O. "Cattle-Hypoderma Lineatum Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1984". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1985): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.332.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Government-owned Hereford, Angus, and Hereford-Angus-cross calves and yearlings on pasture at Camp Stanley and Camp BuUis, Bexar Co., TX, naturally infested with the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Villers), are treated with new insecticides that were determined to be systemically active in the mouse-Cuterefcra animal systemic insecticide test. Animals are weighed and given insecticides in initial tests either orally by capsule (usually technical grade insecticide) or dermally by whole-body spray of 4 1/animal at > 1000 kPa [usually formulated as an EC in tylene (65 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and AI (25 parts)]. In other tests, insecticides are administered dermally to cattle by pouron of a specific volume of insecticide (usually water-diluted EC as above or solution in oil) per body weight, or intramuscularly or subcutaneously by injection of a specific weight of insecticide per body weight. Normally cattle are treated with new insecticides initially at the highest nonlethal dosages as determined by cooperating veterinary toxicologists; maximum dosages of initial tests are 100 mg/kg orally and 1% spray. If initial dosages are effective, cattle are given lower dosages in order to determine the minimum effective dosage. Other cattle are treated with titrated dosages of labeled systemics in order to determine systemic activity of label-listed dosages and less than label-listed dosages. After the treatment in May or Jun, the backs of treated cattle (usually 3-6 animals/treatment) and untreated cattle of the same age and breed from the same herd are examined monthly from Aug to Feb of the next year for encapsulated cattle grubs. As cattle grubs appear, they are located on an outline map of the back of each animal; the cumulative number of grubs in each animal is obtained. Effectiveness of a treatment is determined by comparing the average number of grubs in treated cattle with the average number in untreated cattle.
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Drummond, R. O. "Cattle-Hypoderma Lineatum Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1985". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1986): 454–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.454.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Government-owned Hereford, Angus, and Here-ford-Angus-cross calves and yearlings on pasture at Camp Stanley and Camp Bullis, Bexar Co., TX, naturally infested with the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum (Villers), are treated with new insecticides that were determined to be systemically active in the mouse-Cuterebra animal systemic insecticide test. Animals are weighed and given insecticides in initial tests either orally by capsule (usually technical grade insecticide) or dermally by whole-body spray of 4 liters/animal at >1000 kPa [usually formulated as an EC in xylene (65 parts), Trixon X-100 (10 parts), and AI (25 parts)]. In other tests, insecticides are administered dermally to cattle by pouron of a specific volume of insecticide (usually water-diluted EC as above or solution in oil) per body weight or intramuscularly or subcutaneously by injection of a specific weight of insecticide per body weight. Normally cattle are treated with new insecticides initially at the highest nonlethal dosages as determined by cooperating veterinary toxicologists; maximum dosages of initial tests are 100 mg/kg orally and 1% spray. If initial dosages are effective, cattle are given lower dosages in order to determine the minimum effective dosage. Other cattle are treated with titrated dosages of labeled systemics in order to determine systemic activity of label-listed dosages and less than label-listed dosages. After the treatment in May or Jun, the backs of treated cattle (usually 3-6 animals/ treatment) and untreated cattle of the same age and breed from the same herd are examined monthly from Aug to Feb of the next year for encapsulated cattle grubs. As cattle grubs appear, they are located on an outline map of the back of each animal; the cumulative number of grubs in each animal is obtained. Effectiveness of a treatment is determined by comparing the average number of grubs in treated cattle with the average number of untreated cattle.
24
Drummond, R. O. "Cattle-Hypoderma lineatum Animal Systemic Insecticide Test, 1986". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1987): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.363.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Government-owned Hereford, Angus, and Hereford-Angusiross calves and yearlings on pasture at Camp Stanley and Camp Bullis, Bexar Co., TX, naturally infested with the common cattle grub, Hypoderma lineatum Villers), are treated with new insecticides that were determined to be systemically active in the mouse-Cuterebra animal systemic insecticide test. Animals ire weighed and given insecticides in initial tests either orally by capsule (usually technical grade insecticide) or dermally by whole-body spray of 4 liters/ animal at > 1000 kPa [usually formulated as an EC in xylene (65 parts), Triton X-100 (10 parts), and AI (25 parts)]. In other tests, insecticides are administered dermally to cattle by pouron of a specific volume of insecticide (usually water-diluted EC as above or solution in oil) per body weight or intramuscularly or ubcutaneously by injection of a specific weight of insecticide per body weight. Normally cattle are treated with new insecticides initially at the highest lonlethal dosages as determined by cooperating veterinary toxicologists; maximum dosages of initial tests are 100 mg/kg orally and 1% spray. If initial dosages ire effective, cattle are given lower dosages in order to determine the minimum effective dosage. Other cattle are treated with titrated dosages of labeled systemics in order to determine systemic activity of label-listed dosages and less than label-listed dosages. After the treatment in May or Jun, the backs of treated cattle (usually 3-6 animals/treatment) and untreated cattle of the same age and breed from the same herd are examined monthly from Aug to Feb )f the next year for encapsulated cattle grubs. As cattle grubs appear, they are located on an outline map of the back of each animal; the cumulative number )f grubs in each animal is obtained. Effectiveness of a treatment is determined by comparing the average number of grubs in treated cattle with the average number in untreated cattle.
25
Dixon, Rob, Stephen Anderson, Lisa Kidd e Mary Fletcher. "Phosphorus Nutrition in Ruminants Grazing Tropical Rangelands". Proceedings 36, n. 1 (8 aprile 2020): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019036200.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nutritional deficiency of phosphorus (P) is a major constraint to productivity of cattle grazing many tropical rangelands with low P soils, particularly in northern Australia, South America and Africa. Cattle growth and reproductive rates may be severely reduced. Such P deficiency is usually addressed by providing supplements containing calcium phosphates. In the seasonally dry tropics such supplements are most effective when fed during the summer rainy season when the pasture quality as energy and protein are highest. Young cattle often continue to grow slowly when P deficient, but with reduced bone mineralization. Cows with normally high bone mineral reserves (from previously P-adequate diets) can mobilize bone P during late pregnancy and lactation when diet P is insufficient. This mobilization may contribute up to ca. one-third of the P requirements and allow P-deficient cows to maintain milk production and calf growth, but is associated with reduced pasture intake and severe loss of cow liveweight. Cows can replenish bone minerals when P intake exceeds immediate requirements for growth and milk. Since on large commercial farms in rangelands it is often difficult to effectively implement P supplementation of cattle during the rainy season the mobilization and replenishment of body mineral reserves are important for managing P nutrition through the annual cycle. Biochemical markers in blood are valuable for diagnosis of P deficiency in grazing cattle. In conclusion, understanding of the nutritional physiology of cattle provides opportunities to improve management of P nutrition of cattle grazing P deficient rangelands and alleviating production losses.
26
Monaghan, Paul, Sarah Gold, Jennifer Simpson, Zhidong Zhang, Paul H. Weinreb, Shelia M. Violette, Soren Alexandersen e Terry Jackson. "The αvβ6 integrin receptor for Foot-and-mouth disease virus is expressed constitutively on the epithelial cells targeted in cattle". Journal of General Virology 86, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2005): 2769–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81172-0.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Field strains of Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) use a number of αv-integrins as receptors to initiate infection on cultured cells, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in animals. In this study, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and real-time RT-PCR were used to investigate expression of two of the integrin receptors of FMDV, αvβ6 and αvβ3, within various epithelia targeted by this virus in cattle. These studies show that αvβ6 is expressed constitutively on the surfaces of epithelial cells at sites where infectious lesions occur during a natural infection, but not at sites where lesions are not normally formed. Expression of αvβ6 protein at these sites showed a good correlation with the relative abundance of β6 mRNA. In contrast, αvβ3 protein was only detected at low levels on the vasculature and not on the epithelial cells of any of the tissues investigated. Together, these data suggest that in cattle, αvβ6, rather than αvβ3, serves as the major receptor that determines the tropism of FMDV for the epithelia normally targeted by this virus.
27
Boodoo, A. A., R. Ramjee, B. Hulman, F. Dolberg e J. B. Rowe. "The response of creole, friesian and friesian cross cows to concentrate supplementation on village smallholdings in mauritius". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (marzo 1989): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600011338.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Milk production in the villages of Mauritius can be characterised as follows: about 90% of the ‘dairy’ cows on the island are owned by villagers. Cattle-rearing is a side-line activity of the family. Most villagers own one cow With a calf. No forage is cultivated. Forage sources for the cattle include sugar cane tops from June to December (harvest season) and shrubs and mixed grasses from road sides and common lands all the year round. All forages are available free and are collected by hand. There is very little or no use of concentrate supplements.The cattle are a mixture of the local Creole breed, Friesians and their crosses. Artificial insemination is widely used. Milk production is generally low (1200-1500 litres per lactation) when compared with European dairy cows. Lactations are normally relatively short (225-250 days) and calving intervals long (15-18 months).Since these cattle contribute more than 90% of the national production of fresh milk it Was decided, within the context of a project financed by the United Nations Development Programme, to investigate the extent to Which their productivity could be improved.
28
Burn, John. "The Development of an ‘Incidental’ Form of Aquaculture During the Late Old Kingdom? Cattle as ‘Marshland Modifiers’ of the Nilotic Marshes and Their Potential Impact upon Old Kingdom Fishing Behaviors". Journal of Egyptian History 16, n. 2 (19 dicembre 2023): 285–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-bja10023.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract During the latter half of the Old Kingdom, Egypt experienced irregular water supply. Lower than normal inundations resulted in nutrients normally lost from the river remaining within it. Over the same time, unusually strong rainfall events occurred, transferring even more nutrients into the river. These excess nutrients changed the ecology, affecting the local environment. These changes may have influenced the ecological characteristics of the riverine habitat, and how society responded and adapted. In the latter half of the Old Kingdom, depictions of cattle fording increased, suggesting that cattle were able to take advantage of the plants that now flourished upon the riverbanks as a result of the excess nutrients available. As the movement of cattle across the various river channels increased, the physical structures of the marshlands changed, which may have impacted upon those organisms also exploiting those areas, and affected fishing practices therein. Were these responses accidental, incidental, or co-incidental?
29
SINGH, MANDEEP, MRIGANK HONPARKHE, AJEET KUMAR e SUMIT SINGHAL. "Comparison of metabolites in the follicular fluid of bovine preovulatory and cystic ovarian follicles using nuclear magnetic resonance". Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 88, n. 3 (26 marzo 2018): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v88i3.78261.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Estimation of metabolites in cystic and normal preovulatory follicular fluid through proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) in cattle suffering from cystic ovarian follicle is highly desirable.The trans-vaginal ultrasound guided ablation was used to collect follicular fluid from cystic (15) and normally cycling (8) dairy cattle. NMR spectra of both fluids were recorded at a resonance frequency of 500.13 MHz on a Bruker Avance-500 spectrometer equipped with solid state probe (5 mm). Spectra were phased manually, baseline corrected, and calibrated against 3-(trimethylsilyl) propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid at 0.0 parts per million (ppm) using Prometab software running within MATLAB. The cystic ovarian follicle associated metabolites with variable importance in projection (VIP) scores >2 were lactate (1.98 ppm), UDP-G (5.62), pyruvate (2.34 and 2.38) and creatinine/creatine (3.14) in cystic and normal preovulatory follicular fluid.These metabolites showed identifiable peaks, and thus can be used as potential biomarkers for dairy cattle suffering from cystic ovarian follicle.
30
ARTHUR, TERRANCE M., DAYNA M. BRICHTA-HARHAY, JOSEPH M. BOSILEVAC, MICHAEL N. GUERINI, NORASAK KALCHAYANAND, JAMES E. WELLS, STEVEN D. SHACKELFORD, TOMMY L. WHEELER e MOHAMMAD KOOHMARAIE. "Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella in Bovine Lymph Nodes Potentially Destined for Use in Ground Beef†". Journal of Food Protection 71, n. 8 (1 agosto 2008): 1685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.8.1685.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A potential source of pathogenic bacteria in ground beef is the lymphatic system, specifically the lymph nodes. Bacteria have been isolated from the lymph nodes of cattle at slaughter; however, most studies have dealt with mesenteric lymph nodes, which are not normally incorporated into ground beef. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and multidrug-resistance status of Salmonella in bovine lymph nodes associated with lean and fat trimmings that might be utilized in ground beef production. Bovine lymph nodes (n = 1,140) were collected from commercial beef processing plants. Half of the lymph nodes sampled were obtained from cull cow and bull processing plants, and the remainder were obtained from fed beef processing plants. Lymph nodes located in chuck and flank adipose tissue were collected for this study. Salmonella prevalence in the lymph node samples was low, with an overall prevalence of 1.6% and a 95% confidence interval of 0.85 to 2.3%. Lymph nodes from cull cattle carcasses had a higher prevalence of Salmonella than did those from fed cattle carcasses. Lymph nodes from the flanks of cow and bull carcasses had the highest prevalence at 3.86%, whereas lymph nodes from the chuck region of fed cattle carcasses had the lowest prevalence at 0.35%. Three of the 18 Salmonella-positive lymph node samples contained multidrug-resistant Salmonella, and all 3 samples were from cull cattle.
31
Yang, Yan, Ni Li, Qin Ping Sun, Ji Jin Li, Ben Sheng Liu, Guo Yuan Zou e Chun Sheng Liu. "Research on Vegetable Waste Aeration Oxygen-Supply Compost and its Ammonia Volatilization". Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (giugno 2014): 2845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2845.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Normally, because the water content is generally high in vegetable waste, the quality of aerobic composting can not be guaranteed. In order to solve this problem, this experiment, regarding lettuce waste and pumpkin straw as researching objects, by adding corn straw as auxiliary materials, chicken manure and cattle dung as regulators, conducts research on the process of aerobic fermentation and the ammonia volatilization in this process. The experiment sets up six treatments in total, they are respectively: A1 (lettuce + corn straw), A2 (lettuce + corn straw + chicken manure), A3 (lettuce + corn straw + cattle dung), B1 (pumpkin straw + corn straw), B2 (pumpkin straw + corn straw + chicken manure) and B3 (pumpkin straw + corn straw + cattle dung). After all treatments being mixed, the aerobic compost is conducted through aeration oxygen-supply and the physicochemical properties and material changes in the composting process have been monitored. The results show that: adding cattle dung has a greater impact on the process of vegetable waste composting than adding chicken manure, where, the germination indexes (GI) A3 and B3 adding cattle dung are respectively 7.10% and 3.44% higher than those of A2 and B2 in adding chicken manure; after the composting the C/N of all treatments are lower than their initial values and reach a significant level (P<0.0001), among them, C/Ns of A3 and B3 decrease to the greatest extent, which are 52.84% and 53% respectively; in the whole composting process, the quantity of ammonia volatilization in treatments adding chicken manure (A2 and B2) is significantly higher than that of adding cattle dung (A3 and B3). On the whole, adding cattle dung can better promote the decomposing process in vegetable waste composting and reduce nitrogen loss than adding chicken manure under conditions in this experiment.
32
Campbell, Ewan. "The raw, the cooked and the burnt". Archaeological Dialogues 7, n. 2 (dicembre 2000): 184–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203800001744.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThe iron age settlement at Sollas, North Uist, Scotland, provides an unusually varied set of data relating to food and the role of animals in society. By comparing the evidence of food residues on pottery with animal remains from middens, foundation burials and cremations, structural patterns emerge which throw light on the relative status of domestic species. Sheep and cows are treated differently, with sheep being mainly buried, and cattle cremated. This patterning enables a speculative world view of the inhabitants to be constructed, and further analysis shows that mature cattle were classified differently from younger animals. It is suggested that these normally hidden structuring principles cause difficulties for the conventional interpretation of animal remains on other iron age sites.
33
Dhara, Souvik, Swati Thakur, Sk Md Sadique Anwar, Abhinaba Maiti, Tanay Ghosh e Ruokuobeinuo Houzha. "Selenium and Vitamin E on Reproductive Health of Dairy Cattle: An Overview". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, n. 3 (10 marzo 2022): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1103.012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Production of higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than normal level causes oxidative stress to the cells, leading to lipid peroxidation (LPO) and ultimate tissue damage. The endogenous antioxidant system present in the body neutralizes ROS produced in the cells. Selenium (Se) and vitamin E play an antioxidant role and help to scavenge the ROS in the body system. The normal dietary recommendation of Se is approximately 0.1-0.3 ppm of DM intake in dairy cattle. The recommended requirement of vitamin E is about 80 IU/kg DMI in the dry and post-partum period; and about 20 IU/kg during lactation in case of dairy cattle. Both the selenium and vitamin E separately and in combination have potential effects on reproductive health in dairy cattle, especially during the transition period. Deficiency of these may cause free radical accumulation and damage to cell membranes which further disrupt several processes including steroid hormone and prostaglandin synthesis, impaired immune system, lower reproductive performance and reproductive disorders. Normally animals get these two important antioxidants from their natural diet. But if the diet is deficient, then, supplementation is recommended. Supplementation of Se and vitamin E during pre partum period decreases the occurrence of post partum complications in dairy cattle.
34
Sutherland, Mhairi, Alan Julian e Frances Huddart. "Clove Oil Delays Rather Than Prevents Scur/Horn Growth in Dairy Cattle". Veterinary Sciences 6, n. 4 (13 dicembre 2019): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci6040102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of this study was to evaluate if administration of clove oil prevents scur/horn growth in dairy cattle long term. At approximately 4 days of age, calves had one of four treatments assigned to each horn bud: (1) clove oil administered subcutaneously under the horn bud (CLOV, n = 132); (2) cautery disbudded and the horn bud removed (BUDOFF, n = 126); (3) cautery disbudded and the horn bud tissue left intact (BUDON, n = 129); (4) a liquid nitrogen filled probe applied to the horn bud area (CRYO, n = 131). At approximately 16 months of age, all cattle were checked for scur or horn development. A sub-set of scurs/horns from the CLOV cattle were removed to evaluate tissue and structural development. In total, 5% of CLOV buds developed into horns and 63% into scurs; 10% of the scurs looked like normally developed horns but they were not attached to the skull. Cautery disbudding prevented scur and horn development in cattle when the horn bud tissue was removed, but some scur growth was observed in the BUDON treatment. CRYO was 100% ineffective at preventing scur/horn growth. Injecting clove oil under the horn bud appeared to delay horn development, but not prevent it, when administered to 4 day old dairy calves.
35
De Lorenzi, Lisa, Alessandra Iannuzzi, Elena Rossi, Stefania Bonacina e Pietro Parma. "Centromere Repositioning in Cattle (Bos taurus) Chromosome 17". Cytogenetic and Genome Research 151, n. 4 (2017): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000473781.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Eukaryotic organisms have developed a structure, called centromere, able to preserve the integrity of the genome during cell division. A young bull from the Marchigiana breed, with a normal external phenotype, underwent routine cytogenetic analysis to enter the reproduction center. All metaphases analyzed showed an unusual biarmed chromosome of medium size despite a diploid set of chromosomes (2n = 60,XY). FISH analysis excluded a pericentric inversion or a reciprocal translocation, but highlighted a repositioning of the centromere in BTA17. The satellite DNA was still in an acrocentric position. The telomeres were normally present. The primary constriction on the abnormal chromosome was C-band negative. Finally, the absence of a large genomic deletion in the BTA17 pericentromeric region was demonstrated by both array-CGH analysis and SNP array. To our knowledge, this is the first case of centromere repositioning reported in cattle.
36
Siswanto, Siswanto, e I. Nyoman Sulabda. "Lactic Acid Profile of Bali cattle during Rest Period Before Slaughtered". Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 3, n. 1 (3 febbraio 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jvas.2020.v03.i01.p03.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The animal products quality is influenced the physiological compounds in the blood, for example lactic acid. If blood lactic acid levels increase before slaughtering will be accelerate the rigor mortis of meat, thus faster handling is needed. Blood lactic acid also affects the appearance of flesh color of meat. The condition of animals before slaughter (rest period in quarantine) is very influential on rigor mortis. It is important to research blood lactic acid levels before animals are slaughtered. This research was conducted to determine the blood lactic acid levels of bali cattle during the rest period before the animal was slaughtered (ante mortem), so it can be predicted the quality of meat products. Purposive was chosen as a sampling method using elisa test as a determination of lactic acid levels. Fourtysamples of blood taken from cows to be slaughtered at Sanggaran Animal Abattoir, Denpasar, Bali. The results showed that the blood levels of lactic acid in cattle would be cut normally. This shows the quality of resting cattle before slaughter is good.
37
Ariandoko, Ariandoko, Kholik Kholik, Candra Dwi Atma e Novarina Sulsia Ista'In Ningytas. "Prevalensi dan Derajat Infeksi Helminthiasis Gastrointestinal pada Sapi Bali (Bos sondaicus) di Peternakan Rakyat Mutu Desa Sepayung Kecamatan Plampang Kabupaten Sumbawa Besar Nusa Tenggara Barat". Mandalika Veterinary Journal 1, n. 1 (8 aprile 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/mvj.v1i1.3605.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bali cattle is one of the cattle that are more in demand by the community, especially the people ofSumbawa Besar. Healthy cows that are in a state or physiological body functioning normally, which meansthat cattle avoid various diseases, especially Helminthiasis. The purpose of this study was to determine theprevalence and degree of gastrointestinal helminthiasis infection in Balinese cattle (Bos sondaicus) in MutuPeople's Farms in Sepayung village, Plampang sub-district, Sumbawa Besar district, NTB. This research is adescriptive study with Based on Rates or calculation of the prevalence rate and degree of GastrointestinalHelminthiasis infection in bali cattle feces at Mutu People's Farm in Sepayung Village, Plampang District,Sumbawa Besar Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. This research was conducted in February 2020 in theLaboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, West Nusa Tenggara University, examined using the McMaster method and counted the number of worm eggs per gram of feces. Based on the results of laboratorytests conducted on 37 bali cattle feces samples, found 6 samples infected with Trichostrongylus sp. and 2samples were infected with Ostertagia sp. The results of examinations that have been done, the prevalencefound in this study is Trychostrongylus 16.21% while in Ostertagia it is 5.40% with the degree of infection inTrichostrongylus moderate infections and in mild infections Ostertagia. Based on the results of laboratorytests conducted on 37 bali cattle feces samples, found 6 samples infected with Trichostrongylus sp. and 2samples were infected with Ostertagia sp. The results of examinations that have been done, the prevalencefound in this study is Trychostrongylus 16.21% while in Ostertagia it is 5.40% with the degree of infection inTrichostrongylus moderate infections and in mild infections Ostertagia. Based on the results of laboratorytests conducted on 37 bali cattle feces samples, found 6 samples infected with Trichostrongylus sp. and 2samples were infected with Ostertagia sp. The results of examinations that have been done, the prevalencefound in this study is Trychostrongylus 16.21% while in Ostertagia it is 5.40% with the degree of infection inTrichostrongylus moderate infections and in mild infections Ostertagia.
38
Barbacena Rosa dos Santos, Wallacy, Nariane Coelho de Oliveira, Milena de Lima Vieira, Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro, Andréia Santos Cezário, Eliandra Maria Bianchini Oliveira, Aline Sousa Camargos e Tiago Neves Pereira Valente. "MASTITE BOVINA: UMA REVISÃO". COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 13, Especial 2 (1 giugno 2017): 301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2017.v13.nesp.000235.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The mastite, inflammation process of mammary gland, characterized by a decrease in production and changes in milk composition, is considered the disease of major impact for dairy cattle in Brazil. Normally, this disease is resultant of the action of infectious agents, and may be involved different species of virus, fungi, and mainly, bacteria. It is important to remember, that the mastite, of any form and effect, reduces milk production and, in severe cases, may occur loss of one or more teats. Thus, the control of bovine mastite is important for the milk production of high quality. The aim of study is develop a study about this pathology that affects the dairy cattle and their effects in production and quality milk, and consequently, farmers, dairy industry and their products.
39
Dipti, M., MM Rashid, MJ Ferdoush, P. Roy, MAHNA Khan e MM Hossain. "Morphological and immunological characterization of anthrax vaccine in cattle". Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 11, n. 1 (19 gennaio 2014): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i1.17732.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis that normally affects animals, especially ruminants (such as cattle, goats, sheep, and horses) and humans. This study was planned to characterize the morphology of anthrax vaccine bacteria by using Grams stain, polychrome methylene blue stain, culture on nutrient agar and nutrient broth media and to determine the immunological status of this vaccine by indirect ELISA and slide agglutination test in cattle. Antibiotic sensitivity test of vaccine strain of bacteria was also done. This study provided evidence that vaccine strain of Bacillus anthracis was gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria appeared as single to short-chained bacilli with blunted ends. Serum from anthrax vaccinated cattle agglutinated anthrax antigen on Day 30 (+++ within 5 min and ++ within 7 min at 1:100 dilution of test sera) and Day 90 (+++ within 5 min at 1:100 dilution of test sera) of post immunization. Immunization of cattle with anthrax vaccine generated high level of anti-anthrax IgG antibody response at Day 30 (0.789}0.014) of post immunization and reached its peak at Day 90 (0.991}0.047). This study also provided evidence that anthrax vaccine bacteria were sensitive to penicillin, streptomycin, amoxicillin and kenamycin. It may be recommended that the anthrax vaccine currently in use in Bangladesh is proved to be effective in term of morphology of Bacillus antharis and raising anti anthrax IgG antibody response in cattle with no side effect. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i1.17732 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (1): 43-49
40
Chen, X. B., E. R. Ørskov e F. D. DeB Hovell. "Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: endogenous excretion, differences between cattle and sheep". British Journal of Nutrition 63, n. 1 (gennaio 1990): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19900097.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The endogenous urinary excretion of the purine derivatives allantoin, uric acid and xanthine plus hypoxanthine were measured in twenty-nine lambs, ten cattle (six steers, one cow and three preruminant calves) and four pigs. The sheep and mature cattle were nourished by intragastric infusion and the calves were given a milk-substitute. The pigs were fed on a purine-free diet. The excretion of total purine derivatives was substantially greater by the cattle, being 514 (se 20.6) μmol/kg live weight (W)0·75 per d compared with 168 (se 5·0) μmol/kg W0·75 per d by the sheep and 166 (se 2·6) μmol/kg W0·75 per d by the pigs. Plasma from normally fed sheep, cows and pigs was incubated with either xanthine or uric acid. Sheep and pig plasma had no xanthine oxidase (ec 1. 2. 3. 2) activity whereas plasma from cattle did. Uricase (ec 1. 7. 3. 3) was not present in plasma of cattle and pigs and appeared to be present in trace amounts only in sheep plasma. It is suggested that the species differences in endogenous purine derivative excretion were probably due to the different profiles of xanthine oxidase activity in tissues and particularly in the blood. This is because a high xanthine oxidase activity in tissues and particularly in the blood. This is because a high xanthine oxidase activity would reduce the chance to recycle purines, by increasing the probability of degradation to compounds which could not be salvaged.
41
Inzana, Thomas J., e Jean Todd. "Immune response of cattle to Haemophilus somnus lipid A-protein conjugate vaccine and efficacy in a mouse abortion model". American Journal of Veterinary Research 53, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1992): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1992.53.02.175.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary Immunogenicity of the lipid A component of Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide in cattle and mice was examined after purification, detoxification, and covalent conjugation to a protein carrier. After 2 inoculations, a substantial antibody response was induced in most cattle to lipid A and the protein carrier. To determine whether antibodies to lipid A would be protective, 5 x 107 colonyforming units of H somnus strain 649 were administered IV to endotoxin-responsive (C3H/HeN) mice. In one study, 8 of 13 C3H/HeN mice aborted when inoculated. In contrast, abortion did not result when mice were inoculated with the same dose of an isolate of H somnus normally found in the prepuce or with the rough mutant Escherichia coli J5. In addition, endotoxin-nonresponsive (C3H/ HeJ) mice were significantly (P =0.03) more resistant to abortion by strain 649 than were C3H/HeN mice, but inoculated C3H/HeN mice were only slightly more resistant to H somnus abortion, compared with control mice. Although a large antibody response to lipid A was detected, there was no significant difference in the immunized group between mice that aborted and mice that delivered normally. Thus, lipooligosaccharide and other properties of virulent H somnus strains may contribute to abortion in mice.
42
Häfliger, Irene M., Emma Marchionatti, Michele Stengård, Sonja Wolf-Hofstetter, Julia M. Paris, Joana G. P. Jacinto, Christine Watté et al. "CNGB3 Missense Variant Causes Recessive Achromatopsia in Original Braunvieh Cattle". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 22 (18 novembre 2021): 12440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212440.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sporadic occurrence of inherited eye disorders has been reported in cattle but so far pathogenic variants were found only for rare forms of cataract but not for retinopathies. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype and the genetic aetiology of a recessive form of congenital day-blindness observed in several cases of purebred Original Braunvieh cattle. Electroretinography in an affected calf revealed absent cone-mediated function, whereas the rods continue to function normally. Brain areas involved in vision were morphologically normal. When targeting cones by immunofluorescence, a decrease in cone number and an accumulation of beta subunits of cone cyclic-nucleotide gated channel (CNGB3) in the outer plexiform layer of affected animals was obvious. Achromatopsia is a monogenic Mendelian disease characterized by the loss of cone photoreceptor function resulting in day-blindness, total color-blindness, and decreased central visual acuity. After SNP genotyping and subsequent homozygosity mapping with twelve affected cattle, we performed whole-genome sequencing and variant calling of three cases. We identified a single missense variant in the bovine CNGB3 gene situated in a ~2.5 Mb homozygous genome region on chromosome 14 shared between all cases. All affected cattle were homozygous carriers of the p.Asp251Asn mutation that was predicted to be deleterious, affecting an evolutionary conserved residue. In conclusion, we have evidence for the occurrence of a breed-specific novel CNGB3-related form of recessively inherited achromatopsia in Original Braunvieh cattle which we have designated OH1 showing an allele frequency of the deleterious allele of ~8%. The identification of carriers will enable selection against this inherited disorder. The studied cattle might serve as an animal model to further elucidate the function of CNGB3 in mammals.
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Boisclair, Y. R., A. W. Bell e D. E. Bauman. "Chronic catheterization of external iliac vessels in growing cattle". Journal of Applied Physiology 74, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1993): 444–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.1.444.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bovine preparations that allow for in vivo measurement of metabolic fluxes across the hindlimb often suffer from limited durability, usually because of failure of the venous catheter. A catheterization procedure that virtually eliminates this occurrence is presented. A silicone rubber catheter is implanted permanently in the femoral vein. It accommodates the repeated insertion and removal at each sampling session of a temporary sampling catheter. A simple and reliable method ensures the positioning of this catheter in the external iliac vein of a conscious, normally standing animal. The application of this approach allowed the study of hindlimb metabolism of cattle for up to 4 mo without a single planned sampling session postponed or missed. This preparation is particularly well suited for studies that require repeated measurements of hindlimb metabolism on the same animals over a period of many months.
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Zhou, Keqin, Xiaobing Liu, Xingyi Zhang, Yueyu Sui, S. J. Herbert e Yongmao Xia. "Corn root growth and nutrient accumulation improved by five years of repeated cattle manure addition to eroded Chinese Mollisols". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 92, n. 3 (marzo 2012): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2010-026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Zhou, K., Liu, X., Zhang, X., Sui, Y., Herbert, S. J. and Xia, Y. 2012. Corn root growth and nutrient accumulation improved by five years of repeated cattle manure addition to eroded Chinese Mollisols. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 521–527. The use of fertilizers with additional cattle manure application on eroded soil has been reported to improve cereal yields. Limited research exists on the long-term effect of cattle manure on root growth and nutrient uptake by corn (Zea mays L.) grown on eroded soils. A field experiment was established in Hailun city, Northeast China to determine the impact of long-term cattle manure addition on corn production in eroded Mollisols. There were five levels of simulated-erosion, which removed 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 cm of topsoil. Two soil amendments were: (1) chemical fertilizer at the rate normally used by farmers in the region and (2) chemical fertilizer plus 15 000 kg ha−1 (dry weight basis) of cattle manure. Root growth (length, surface area and dry weight) was assessed at the three-leaf stage. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake and accumulation by corn were evaluated at the three-leaf stage and at harvest. Compared with chemical fertilizer alone, 5 yr of repeated cattle manure addition significantly increased root surface area by 18–35%, and root dry weight by 45–129% in soil with simulated-erosion. The improvement of root growth by manure application was mainly correlated with the changes in larger size aggregate. N content increased by 12–59%, P by 31–129%, and K by 297–494% in corn at the three-leaf stage, and the same trend was found at harvest. Long-term cattle manure addition increased corn yield by 7% in soils with 5 cm topsoil removal, and gave similar yields in soils with 10 and 20 cm topsoil removal as non-eroded plots receiving chemical fertilizer only. Our results suggest that the increased corn yield in manure-amended soils was related to greater N, P and K accumulation due to larger root surface area and biomass. Addition of cattle manure with chemical fertilizer would be a practical and effective approach to restore soil productivity and improve corn yields in eroded Chinese Mollisols.
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Hamann, Cornelia. "Speculations About Early Syntax: The Production of Wh-questions by Normally Developing French Children and French Children with SLI". Catalan Journal of Linguistics 5, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2006): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/catjl.82.
Testo completo
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eda, Diana, Henry Buitrago, Deisy Buitrago, Adriana Anaya, Diego Corredor, Julio Torreglosa, Diego Ortega e Martin Medellin. "Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with the presence of bovine leptospirosis in the municipality of Sotaquirá, Colombia". Open Veterinary Journal 12, n. 5 (2022): 668. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ovj.2022.v12.i5.11.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Bovine Leptospirosis is a zoonotic, infectious and cosmopolitan disease of worldwide distribution, caused by the spirochete Leptospira spp., which has been diagnosed in humans, domestic mammals such as dogs, sheep, goats, swine, horses, cattle and wild animals. It is considered a significant cause of economic losses in livestock because it causes infertility, abortion and reduced milk production. Aim: The main objective was to establish the prevalence and the main risk factors associated with Leptospira spp. in cattle in the municipality of Sotaquirá, Colombia. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with simple random sampling was carried out. One thousand cattle of Ayrshire, Holstein, Jersey, Normande, Zebu and crossbred breeds were sampled. Blood samples were taken by coccygeal venipuncture and processed by microscopic agglutination technique (MAT); animals were considered positive when titers were ≥ 1:100. The data obtained were processed with the statistical program EpiInfo®. Results: A general apparent prevalence (AP) of 16% (160/1000) was established, where the crossbreeds (20.5% AP), the 2 - 4 years age group (17% AP), and the serovars L. interrogans serogroup Pomona (5.1%) and L. interrogans serogroup Sjroe serovar Hardjo (3.4%) presented the highest seropositivity. The variables barnyard, artificial insemination, and use of certified semen were identified as protective factors against the disease, while diarrhea was considered a risk factor. Conclusion: The prevalence in this study is within the range of those reported at the national level; however, it is essential to establish plans to control and prevent the disease.
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Laws, J. A., A. J. Rook e B. F. Pain. "Diet selection by cattle offered a choice between clean or slurry-contaminated swards: effects of application method and time since application". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (marzo 1995): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200592035.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Slurry spreading is normally restricted to grassland designated for cutting because of a risk of rejection of contaminated herbage by grazing cattle. Spreading on both cut and grazed areas would allow greater flexibility in time and rate of application and reduce the risk of water pollution. Shallow injection, a technique in which slurry is pumped into slots cut into the sward to a depth of ca. 60mm, reduces herbage contamination so may allow earlier subsequent use for grazing without detriment to animal intake.
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Hofmeister, B., e U. R. Fischer. "Abnormal multiple pregnancy with septuplets in a cow". Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 41, n. 04 (2013): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623180.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SummaryA 5-year-old Brown Swiss cow being 8 months pregnant became recumbent and died. Postmortem examination revealed a multiple pregnancy with six normally developed fetuses and an amorphous globosus. The cow’s internal organs were displaced and compressed the lungs. Fatty liver caused by metabolic disturbances was diagnosed. A multiple pregnancy with more than two fetuses is very rare in cattle. It could be induced by treatment with exogenous hormones, but it could also be the result of genetic selection.
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Laws, J. A., A. J. Rook e B. F. Pain. "Diet selection by cattle offered a choice between clean or slurry-contaminated swards: effects of application method and time since application". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (marzo 1995): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600029743.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Slurry spreading is normally restricted to grassland designated for cutting because of a risk of rejection of contaminated herbage by grazing cattle. Spreading on both cut and grazed areas would allow greater flexibility in time and rate of application and reduce the risk of water pollution. Shallow injection, a technique in which slurry is pumped into slots cut into the sward to a depth of ca. 60mm, reduces herbage contamination so may allow earlier subsequent use for grazing without detriment to animal intake.
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Keady, T. W. J., e C. S. Mayne. "An evaluation of the effect of concentrate proportion of the diet during previous and present lactations on animal performance of two breeds of lactating dairy cows". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2003 (2003): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200011832.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Studies undertaken to evaluate long responses to concentrate feeding, normally assess the direct effects (i.e. the effects during the period of increased feeding). However in addition to the direct responses to concentrate feeding during the experimental period, it has been recognised that additional nutrients fed during one stage of lactation may result in improvements in animal performance in later lactation or in the subsequent lactation. Keadyet al. (2002) reported that the milk yield response to concentrate proportion in the diet differed between Holstein (HF) and Norwegian (NC) dairy cattle with responses of 1.4 and 0.8 kg corrected milk/kg concentrate dry matter (DM) respectively. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of concentrate proportion in the diet in the previous lactation on animal performance in the subsequent lactation. The effect of concentrate proportion in the diet on animal performance of HF and NC dairy cattle was also evaluated.