Tesi sul tema "Non-durable"
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Rustøen, Frida. "Empirical Analysis of the Demand for Durable and Non-Durable Goods". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for samfunnsøkonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14154.
Testo completoPuig, Gabau Jordi. "Demand Analysis of Non-durable Goods. Relaxing Separability Assumptions". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7359.
Testo completoMathews, Marc Christopher. "Durable and Non-Toxic Topical Flame Retardants for Cotton and Cotton Blends". NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03222007-125255/.
Testo completoTolar, Martin, of Western Sydney Macarthur University e Faculty of Business and Technology. "Satisficing versus optimising behaviour in the non-durable consumption expenditure decision making process". THESIS_FBT_XXX_Tolar_M.xml, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/108.
Testo completoMaster of Commerce (Hons)
Tolar, Martin. "Satisficing versus optimising behaviour in the non-durable consumption expenditure decision making process". Thesis, [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/108.
Testo completoChen, Chin-Lien. "Consumers' price knowledge and price information search for non-durable products in grocery shopping". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1995. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36277/1/z%2036277_Chen_1995.pdf.
Testo completoBenattia, Seif Eddine. "Robustification de la commande prédictive non linéaire - Application à des procédés pour le développement durable". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC066/document.
Testo completoThe last few years have led to very rapid developments, both in the formulation and the application of Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (NMPC) algorithms, with a relatively wide range of industrial achievements. One of the most significant challenges encountered during the development of this control law is due to uncertainties in the model of the system. In this context, the thesis addresses the design of NMPC control laws robust towards model uncertainties. Usually, the above design can be achieved through solving a min-max optimization problem. In this case, the idea is to minimize the tracking error for the worst possible uncertainty realization. However, this robust approach tends to become too complex to be solved numerically online, especially in the case of multivariable systems with a large number of uncertain parameters. To address this shortfall, the proposed approach consists in simplifying the min-max optimization problem through a sensitivity analysis of the model with respect to its parameters, in order to reduce the calculation time. First, the criterion is linearized around the model parameters nominal values. The optimization variables are either the system control inputs or the control increments over the prediction horizon. The initial optimization problem is then converted either into a convex optimization problem, or a one-dimensional minimization problem, depending on the nature of the constraints on the states and commands. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is also addressed. Finally, a hierarchical control strategy is developed, that combines a robust model predictive control law with an integral sliding mode controller, in order to cancel any tracking error. The proposed approaches are applied through two case studies to the control of microorganisms culture in bioreactors
De, Souza Dias Ferreira Ruth. "Educação e convivência com o semi-árido brasileiro : experiência de uma ONG em Curaçá - Bahia /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : [Senhor do Bonfim, Brasil : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi ; Universidade do Estado da Bahia], 2004. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Testo completo"Universidade do estado da Bahia em convênio com a Université du Québec à Chicoutimi-UQAC, mestrado em educação" CaQCU Bibliogr.: f. 108-112. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Martinet, Vincent. "Interprétation du concept de développement durable dans les modèles économiques avec ressources naturelles". Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100048.
Testo completoThis dissertation discusses the way the sustainability issue is addressed in the economic literature. We focus on the models dealing with the intertemporal allocation of non-renewable resources. Such a framework permits to address both the environmental and intergenerational equity issues. We describe the limits of neo-classical models and propose a different approach based on the search of invariant quantities that could be interpreted as the thing to preserve in the long run for a sustainable development. Two mathematical theories are used to define this invariant quantities : the Invariance Theory and the Viability Theory (also called Weak Invariance). Using the Noether Theorem we show that discounted utilitarianist criteria do lead to invariant quantities under very restrictive conditions only. We then propose to examine what could be guaranty to all generations, by linking the viability of a dynamic system to its sustainability. Finally, we show that, in the existing literature, there is no framework allowing to take into account the important issue of evolution of environmental preferences
Estager, Julien. "Méthodes d'activation non conventionnelles et solvants propres pour une chimie durable : synthèse et valorisation organique des liquides ioniques". Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS048.
Testo completoThese last years, RTILs have become a very attractive alternative to conventional solvents. Because of their negligible vapor pressure, they are used as green solvents. In addition, their wide liquid range, tunable polarity or good solvating ability make them very interesting in organic synthesis. Finally, their non flammability and non explosive character make them good candidates to replace traditional molecular solvents in term of green chemistry. The objectives of this PhD thesis are the synthesis and the valuable use of these compounds by taking advantage of some of their remarkable properties with the use of non conventional activation methods such as microwave and / or ultrasound irradiation. The nature and properties of ionic liquids are described along the first chapter of this work and then the physical effects that lead to sonochemistry and chemistry effects under microwave irradiation are also discussed. The second chapter of this thesis described the advantage of non traditional activation methods for improving the synthesis of second generation ionic liquids. By using, ultrasonic irradiation, different families of nitrogen-bearing ionic liquids are obtained in a solvent-free or in aqueous medium, which gives a greener touch to the overall process. Aiming to overcome some limitations of this method, a new activation method using simultaneous ultrasound/microwave irradiation has been shown to lead to good yields in second generation ionic liquid in a kinetic of only few minutes. Then, the synthesis of benzion via benzoin condensation reaction has been studied with various ionic liquids as catalysts. Microwave activation and ultrasonic irradiation have been tested and good yields in benzoin have been observed whereas the recycling of the ionic catalyst was shown to be possible in specific conditions. Finally, different ionic liquids have been chosen to catalyse the electrophilic cyclisation of Pictet-Spengler, a classical synthetic method to reach bioactive molecules. Various acidic ionic compounds, including task specific ionic liquids have been tested and good conversion in tetrahydro-β-carbolines have been obtained with the most suited ionic catalyst
Trinh, Bich-Thuy. "Diversification des ressources du réseau d’eau non potable parisien : contribution à une gestion durable des ressources en eau". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1219/document.
Testo completoAt the scale of a city, a sustainable water management raises questions about the links between uses and resources: what water quality is needed for what purpose? The Parisian context is a favourable ground for conducting such type of reflection thanks to the existence of a non-potable water network (RENP) dating from the late nineteenth century. The network is currently supplied by summarily filtrated water from the Seine river (20%) and the canal de l’Ourcql (80%). It is mainly used for municipal purposes: Parisian streets and sewers cleaning, water supply of artificial lakes and green areas watering. An alternative model of water management at Parisian scale is today possible thanks to the decision of the City of Paris in March 2012 to maintain and rehabilitate its RENP. This decision has been confirmed by the approval by the Council of Paris in September 2015 of the master plan of the RENP and its uses (“Schéma directeur des usages et du réseau d’eau non potable de Paris”) for the period of 2015-2020. The public company Eau de Paris, responsible for the water service in Paris, is mandated to implement the decisions and orientations of the master plan. In the context of pressure reduction on natural resources, one potential evolution of the RENP management is its resources diversification. The considered potential resources are mine water, treated wastewater, rain water and swimming pool water. The research raises the following question: How and under what conditions can the RENP supply be sustainably managed on the Parisian territory? In order to answer this question, one first carries out a description of the current situation, then one identifies the potential resources and the associated risen questions. Two approaches are proposed afterwards. The first approach involves the definition of several choices of RENP resource repartition, called scenarii. These scenarii are assessed and compared through performance indicators. The second approach consists of the characterization of the actors’ positions regarding the RENP resource diversification. The characterization of the positions is achieved through conducting semi-structured interviews. Results of both approaches are finally discussed.The results of the research will enable to re-examine the question of the relationship between the water uses and the required water quality. It will highlight the brakes and levers for the valorization of alternative resources to drinking water. It will enrich the reflections on the status of drinking water in the context of sustainable water management
Zhumadilov, Daniyar. "Price stickiness: Durability, Cost of Price Adjustment and Price Memory". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1500057951315496.
Testo completoGuedje, Nicole. "La gestion des populations d'arbres comme outil pour une exploitation durable des Produits Forestiers Non-Ligneux :l'exemple de Garcinia lucida (Sud-Cameroun)". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211449.
Testo completoRobert, Nicolas. "Vers une production durable de multiples services écosystémiques : Analyse par la simulation de la production jointe de bois et de non-bois en forêt". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-01058410.
Testo completoTolar, Martin. "Satisficing versus optimising behaviour in the non-durable consumption expenditure decision making process : an empirical examination of Australian data for the period 1976(1) - 1994(2) /". [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030703.130007/index.html.
Testo completoLepoittevin, Christine. "Financement privé des grandes ONG internationales : quels sont les ressorts du lien entre donateurs privés et grandes ONG internationales au travers de l'argent ?" Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090009.
Testo completoThe large environmental and Humanitarian INGOs, since they were born, have developed a significant role in global governance, international aid and sustainable development. They have become a symbol of a path for another globalization. A large number of individual donors have supported them regularly, putting the subject at the heart of the globalization process, emerging out of a mass society. Donor’s loyalty to INGOs goes beyond a solidarity based on empathy and compassion. He recognizes his own individual responsibility when addressing required changes and actions. However money takes a strategic, but ambivalent, place that makes the private donor, whether it is a company or an individual, an economic data. The market world is step by step invading the philanthropic one bringing confusion. It involves a risk of a depersonalization process of together, donors and large INGOs. When focusing on the economic value of the donors, INGOs could forget the link with them
Tchoba, Charles. "Culture, développement durable et démocratie participative : l'exemple des ONG environnementales gabonaises". Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU1005.
Testo completoAt present, the sustainable development is one of the topics that worry more the nongovernmental organizations (NGO's) on the international scene. How could NGO's constitute a strong vector of popular mobilization and promotion of the sustainable development through the projects that they implement ? Which are the links between sustainable development, culture and participative democracy ? The objective of this thesis is to wonder about the role of culture in sustainable development and participative democracy, related to the environmental protection. After a development on the concept of culture, the thesis shows that the little of interest granted to this concept constitutes an important lack in the approach of sustainable development and participation. Indeed, the culture is mediating the relations that the subject maintains with its environment. Such a lack explains the difficulties encountered by the actors who work in favour of the sustainable development and the conservation of biodiversity. It is what we show in the precise field of the forest starting from an empirical case : the Gabonese environmental NGO's. Ultimately, this thesis suggests not ignoring the topic competence, i. E. The capacity of subject to know how to function in space. Within the framework of sustainable forest management, it thus appears necessary to develop the aforementioned competence in thought and action, by holding account of the various representations of nature as well as deep aspirations of the topic actors
Lopez, Benoît. "Les clauses sociales : contribution à l'étude des rapports entre le droit du travail et le droit international économique". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2067.
Testo completoThe function of international economic law is to regulate international economic flows. The latter stems from the long-standing will of nations to establish, in the global economy, a set of rules capable of structuring their relations. As a result of the latter, trade, investment and capital movements were gradually becoming facts, economic realities captured in legalqualifications. However, one of the major difficulties, which fuels these controversies, lies in the relationship of international economic law with other branches of law, which are also called upon to structure the market legally. In the implementation of its norms, international economic law is indeed called upon to come into contact with many branches of law. However, it is remarkable that, overall, they do not play a comparable role. While some sets of rules appear essential to ensure the functioning of a globalised economy, others maintain more relaxed relations. For the purposes of our research, it is therefore necessary to identify the nature of the links that exist between labour law and international economic law. While the connection of these two branches has led to the development of social clauses, it has not, at present, led to any real change in international economic law. Failing this, some of the irreducible characteristics of labour law continue to limit the fertility of their relationships. For all that, the existence of this connection makes it possible to envisage, for the future, a deepening of relations between these two branches by hitherto unexploited ways. Far from being a pipe dream, the emergence of new synergies between international law and labour law seems conceivable in the light of the legal reception of the concept of sustainable development. A profound change in the relationship between these two branches of law is already apparent and could continue. The explanation of the decisive influence of the concept can be sought in its positioning with regard to transnational economic activities. The latter projects itself on the repercussions and not only on the development of the economy. In doing so, sustainable development presents itself as an alternative way to think and evaluate growth.With regard to the contribution of international economic law to the application of labour law, this change of perspective is decisive. It leads us to see the former as a tool for disseminating the latter. This relationship can be deduced from the interdependence of the pillars that underpin the concept of sustainable development. The interweaving of the social andeconomic pillar calls for economic growth to be considered only on condition that it can, among other things, satisfy social sustainability implying respect for labour law. The existence of this synergy is also indicated by the adoption, in the name of sustainable development, of new social clauses.Sustainable development also augurs well for the evolution towards greater consideration of labour law in view of another of its particularities, its position in the legal field. Indeed, it emerges from the proposals of the doctrine as much as from interpretations coming from international contentious bodies that sustainable development is likely to ensure a role ofconceptual matrix. As such, it is capable and could in the future lead to interpret international economic law by also taking into account the respect of labour law precisely with regard to it contribution to the search for sustainability
Campeau, Simon. "Conception d'un matériau acoustique à base de fibres naturelles d'asclépiade". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11513.
Testo completoVincendeau, Benjamin. "La Responsabilité sociétale des entreprises : Étude comparée du droit américain et du droit français des sociétés anonymes cotées". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0836.
Testo completoHistorically, the emergence of the company is consubstantial to the questions relating to the consideration of workers by business corporations. The globalization has created the conditions for the development of these business corporations and has has revealed a new relation between them and civil society. As part of the perspective of economic and social revolutions that have marked the evolution of the Western world since the early nineteenth century, the legal assessment of the Corporate Social Responsibility reflects a paradigm process that has its roots in the US Law. Defined by the European Commission as "corporate responsibility vis-à-vis their impacts on the Company," Corporate Social Responsibility of the Company will nonetheless protean due to the fact that the determination of its content finds its base in the corporate governance. Nevertheless, the various cases of environmental pollution and violations of human rights involving multinational companies have led States to progressively reconsider their position on the regulation of socially responsible corporate commitments. Therefore, a co-regulation of Corporate Social Responsibility tends to emerge within national systems. But the approach adopted by the States is different. In this regard, we will focus on a study in comparative law perspective between the main legal models of CSR: namely French law and American law. The companie that will be studied is the business corporation because is the main model of big business. Specifically, this research will aim to build an effective system of Corporate Social Responsibility of the Company under French law. In this perspective, it will be helpful to tap into American law which is the precursor law in this area. A test on the integration of Corporate Social Responsibility of the Company in the general theory of the companies will be realized. Finally, will be made some proposals on the various tools of soft law to hard law instruments of Corporate Social Responsibility of the Company
Nguyen, Thi Than Huong. "Éléments pour une mobilité quotidienne compatible avec le transport durable au Vietnam : enjeux et perspectives d’un report modal vers les transports collectifs et les transports non motorises, le cas de Hanoï". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0139/document.
Testo completoThe hegemony of private motorized transport is nowadays one of the difficult problems in the field of urban transport. In the objective of urban sustainable development, sustainable transport and mobility by reducing consequences from motorized transport system (congestion, pollution, road safety, landscape degradation, the externality of non-motorized modes, social inequality, etc.) which is an essential and urgent demand in many cities in the world, including Vietnam. Hanoi is a large city in Vietnam where bikes (2 wheelers) are currently up to 80% of the daily movements of people, and public transport by bus provides only a small part of the movement of people. The people of Hanoi are living in an environment of very serious congestion and air pollution. Policies of the Vietnamese authorities to restrict private motorized modes and to encourage modal shift towards public transport and non-motorized modes (walking, cycling) have no outcome. To answer the question "why the modal shift towards the TC and non-motorized modes are not well set up" and "why the urban transport policies are stranded," as part of my thesis, I conducted surveys of household transport to the residents in Hanoi and deep interviews with experts and Vietnamese authorities hoping to have the answer in two terms: social and political. In terms of society, my investigations contribute to a better understanding of the determinants of mode choice in daily mobility of different social classes in Hanoi, to explain the reasons, barriers to a modal shift to NMT and TC for different types of travel, to know the underlying reasons of modal shift observed in some respondents. In terms of policy, I note that if the conditions of the policy are implemented or not for a modal shifts from bikes towards public transport. In the end, the objective of the thesis is also creating an analysis model of urban mobility, modal choice and modal shift, specifically for the case of Hanoi, which will form a good reference for the definition of sustainable urban transport policies
Breteau, Lucien. "Développement durable et mutations de l'Administration territoriale". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2033.
Testo completoDespite its numerous uses in many juridical orders : sustainable development has differents meanings. On one hand, it means that the environment needs to be protected in order to guarantee rights of future generations. On the other hand, sustainable development is equally defined as the conciliation between environmental policies, economical development and social progress. Territorial restructuring drafts are confronted at this polysemous concept.In spite of this difficulty, sustainable development is consolidated by french public law in his finality as far as its means. About that, standstill principle and environmental responsability enhance this theory.Other principles contibute to sustainable development realization. Environmental democracy takes an independence compared to the classical reprensentative democracy’s concept. In reciprocity, territorial restructuring keeps an influence on public policies about this constitutionnalized notion since the 2005’s Environnemental Carta
Nguyen, Thi Thanh Huong. "Éléments pour une mobilité quotidienne compatible avec le transport durable au Vietnam : enjeux et perspectives d'un report modal vers les transports collectifs et les transports non motorises, le cas de Hanoï". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743719.
Testo completoVolle, Alexandre. "Information communication about environmental quality by markets and NGOs". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD028.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the question of the information transmitted to consumers by the markets and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) on the environmental quality of products. This work takes place in a context where, on one hand, consumers' awareness increase concerning this dimension, and on the other hand, firms increasingly display a social or environmental responsibility whose reality is often contested. The first paper investigates the role of price as a possible substitute channel of communication. The purpose is to examine how a green firm competing against a brown firm can solve the asymmetric information issue. For this purpose, we develop a simple vertically differentiated duopoly model where firms can signal their quality through prices. To represent an increasing pressure of the competition on the low-quality segment, we make the hypothesis that the brown good is sold at the marginal cost. The result is extreme: there do not exist any situations where the green firm can solve the asymmetric information issue. The second paper takes into account the informative role of NGOs concerning the type of firms. We are interested in how their informational behavior impacts the signaling strategy of firms. The interaction between the price signaling strategy of the firm and the information released by the NGO yield fruitful results concerning the path of green information.When consumers cannot verify corporate social goodwill, firms may be reluctant to uphold a pledge of social goodwill. We show how imperfect monitoring can mitigate this moral hazard problem. We augment the standard model of price signaling by allowing consumers to use the results of independent monitoring as a complementary source of information. Monitoring corrects for consumers' arbitrary beliefs. Before sending a price signal to consumers, firms pledge or not to invest in social goodwill.With no monitoring, firms do not abide by their pledges of social goodwill when they fail to send a credible signal via price.With monitoring, there exist equilibria in which a firm invests in social goodwill and succeeds in signaling its choice via price.It is worth mentioning that the hard evidence displayed by NGOs can be of two different natures. In this Chapter, the types of discovered evidence go in pairs with shaming and championing strategies. In this spirit, we endogenize the signaling choice of the NGO, which interacts with the signaling strategy of a firm. We seek to analyze the effect of these two different strategies on the equilibrium of signaling of the firm and the optimal informative behavior of the NGO.The technology choice here is exogenous, and the consumer is perfectly Bayesian according to the two different signals received. Either a proof discredits the firm, or a proof accredits the firm. We find that the shaming strategy reduces the signaling cost for the high type and can even restore the perfect information outcome. The championing strategy can make incentives for the market to reveal the truth disappear. Concerning the optimal informative behavior of the NGO, if the market reveals information, the NGO is indifferent between adopting a shaming strategy and adopting a championing strategy. When the market conceals information, the strategy depends on the difference between the shaming and championing efficiency and the distribution of the firm in the market
Wirén, Joakim, e Johanna Green. "Hur påverkar demografi förekomsten och andelen omsättning i olika butikssegment? : En ekonomisk studie av dagligvaruhandeln". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-165853.
Testo completoIt is important for policy makers and retail chains to recognise how demographics affect the non- durable goods business in order to make qualified decisions about establishing new grocery stores. In this thesis, using data from 2016, we analyse how demographics affect the presence of different store segments at local markets in Sweden and how it affects the turnover share of different store segments. The segments were defined as a part of this thesis and are based on previous literature and the concept description made by each included company. Using logit regressions on urban districts, we find (i) that a larger share of population with foreign background increases the probability that at least one discount store is established in the district but decreases the probability that at least one traditional small store is established. Further, using an OLS-regression on urban districts we find (ii) that a larger share of population with foreign background increases the share of total turnover in discount stores and decreases the share of total turnover for traditional small stores. Finally, our result indicates (iii) that the flow of people significantly affects traditional large stores, both regarding their presence on local markets as well as their share of the total turnover. When using municipalities as local markets, our OLS-regression provides partly indefinite results, probably a consequence of the aggregated data. Our thesis contributes to the existent literature by analysing store establishment and demography in a Swedish context. Previous literature has mainly evaluated American and European markets.
Santana, Viviane Lucia. "La contribution du pouvoir des ONG Européennes au développement durable dans l'Amazonie brésilienne". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0042.
Testo completoAs part of this thesis in Sociology, this presents a study on the social and environmental context of Brazilian Amazon, by taking as a problematic the participation of the social fields in the process of sustainable development in this region of Brazil. The research has also highlighted the importance of the Environment Sociology for the study of contemporary issues such as those concerning the society and the relationship with the environment. This dimension of the man and the nature is strong in this region that is still considered as an exotic place by the presence of its tropical forest, wich became a symbol of the international environmentalist cause. Nevertheless, the chapter of the thesis also introduce the major problems wich exist in the social context of the Brazilian Amazon. The NGOs field also participates with the power relations that are established around this emerging theme of the sustainable development to the Brazilian Amazon, by some social factors wich are relevant to be approached, such as : its interaction with local actors and the presence of its symbolic power that can legitimize its actions. The case studies present the interaction between social actors for some projects and actions for sustainable development in the Amazon
Buclet, Benjamin. "Le marché international de la solidarité : les organisations non gouvernementales en Amazonie Brésilienne". Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0113.
Testo completoIn the Brazilian Amazonia, NGOs (non-governmental organizations) epitomize the social dynamics that characterize the region. They offer a forum for the expression of strong local identities, they are mediators between the population and public authorities and they are the local embodiment of social-ecological international concerns. However, although NGOs propose an alternative model of development and their projects may plant the seeds of innovative forms of social management, they are embedded in a social system that is imbued with traditional forms of domination. The growth of the "third sector" encouraged by government and market forces alike, evokes the question of NGOs' legitimacy, which in the absence of true democratic representation, is essentially based on their capacity to mobilize certain social groups and negoctiate with public authorities. Based on the observation of the modus operandi and fiels acitivies of NGOs in eastern Brazilian Amazonia, this thesis analyzes how their existence influences the handing of current social issues
Slimani, Melki. "Vers un curriculum possible d’une éducation au Politique au travers des Questions d'Environnement et de Développement (QED)". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS092.
Testo completoSocial mobilization around environmental and development issues (EDIs) characterizes contemporary human societies. This type of mobilization constitutes a turning point in political life in the age of the anthropocene. In practice, environmental mobilizations are repertoires for informal political education through the learning they develop among the actors involved.Nowadays, international and national educational policy scenes are oriented towards the institutionalization of these environmental mobilizations in non-formal education pedagogical devices or in formal education curricula.The political, in educational content involving EDIs, manifests itself in potentialities for democratic socialization. The latter integrates cognitive socialization (disciplinary and critical) and political socialization. Thus, the political becomes a new object of research in curriculum didactics. This object is characterized by its onto-epistemological thickness or depth including the political potential of the EDIs and their political/anti-political tendency as "underlying strata" of political learning and their potential for democratic socialization..The first case study, which of the contents of education for sustainable development goals (SDG 2030), has the interest of exemplifying the inflection of the political in non-formal education. This case shows a diversity of themes with political and anti-political tendencies, generating political potential and potentialities for socialization rooted in important political learning. This seems to be related to the relaxation of a neutralizing pressure that prevails at the international political level.The second case study, which of the Tunisian curriculum, is interesting to exemplify the inflection of the political in formal education and more precisely in the national curriculum of a country in democratic transition. This case shows a relatively wide diversity of EDIs themes with an anti-political tendency. This diversity generates relatively high political and socialization potential in the prescribed undergraduate curriculum developed in 2015 compared to the prescribed curriculum developed in 2009 and the produced curriculum on the one hand and the secondary education curriculum on the other. This also seems to be related to the relaxation of pressure to neutralize the political in post-2011 Tunisia.In conclusion, this realistic approach, which assumes that the potentialities for democratic socialization in educational content involving EDIs are generated through a structuring "onto-epistemological thickness" of the political in these contents, opens the way for an emancipatory education for the political, which constitutes its critical dimension
Garnier, Estelle. "« Une approche socio-économique de l’orientation des projets de recherche en chimie doublement verte »". Thesis, Reims, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REIME002/document.
Testo completoSince the last two decades the rise of environmental concerns leads to the sector of chemistry to develop new practices and new products. In particular, new products and processes based on biomass as renewable resources are developed. This is what we call the Doubly Green Chemistry (2GV) (Nieddu et al. 2010).Starting from an initial request for production of "roadmap" and identification of "dominant design" (understood as dominant technological paths) for this new sector from the chemist to guide their research programs, the start idea of this thesis was to test the scheme "exploration / exploitation" of a transition path proposed by the "transition to sustainable management" approach. The main idea it was to test this approach by changing the perspective to deal with this model in terms of representation constructions of the future of this activitie.The work has put forward a variety of representations of the douly green chemistry who settled in the time until the finest level (that of the laboratory). The interest of this result of diversity is that it brings us back to the canonical model that is implicitly built around the transition from a dominant socio-technical regime based on a single artefact to another dominant socio-technical regime based on a another unique artifact.In our case oil and its refinery replaced by biomass and its biorefinery.This result suggests an enrichment of model canonical representation taking into account the possibility of a new socio-technical regime of another nature. Regime whose main characteristic is the need of maintaining a diversity of artifacts
Le, Goueff-Duong Meï-Line. "Le droit du développement durable comme facteur de développement différencié des états : de la théorie aux pratiques". Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT3001.
Testo completoDans un contexte de querelles, de tensions et d’affrontements politiques, économiques et environnementaux entre lespays Nord-Sud, le droit du développement durable apparait comme un instrument potentiel de résolution des conflitsNord-Sud et de conciliation du développement économique avec l’environnement. Ce nouveau droit a également unimpact sur la justice environnementale et sociale dans la mesure où il favorise une double synergie entre la protection del’environnement, le développement économique et l’action des Etats. Les fonctions d’intégration et de conciliation dudroit du développement durable ont conduit à la reconnaissance universelle et l’affirmation au niveau international,régional et national, particulièrement au sein des institutions internationales et du corpus juridique à caractèreéconomique et social (droits de l’Homme) du développement durable. Il a également fait l’objet de nombreusesdispositions conventionnelles, constitutionnelles et législatives. Cette reconnaissance du droit du développementdurable bouleverse le modèle « classique » du système juridique cohérent, rationnel, autonome et hiérarchisé.Cependant, l’émergence du droit du développement suscite des inquiétudes, des interrogations et des controversesinhérentes à sa portée juridique, sa gouvernance trop sophistiquée et aux limites structurelles du fait de l’affluenceconstante de normes et d’institutions toujours plus complexes. De plus, face aux pratiques différenciées des Etats, ilconvient de se demander s’il existe une réelle volonté commune de créer un « nouveau paradigme ». Par ailleurs,l’affirmation du droit du développement durable sur le plan international, régional et national nécessite la mise en placede stratégies de mise en oeuvre effective et efficace du droit développement durable et la participation accrue desdifférents acteurs publics et privés, des ONG, des collectivités territoriales et des organisations internationales dans laproduction et l’application dudit droit. Enfin, il convient de chercher les garanties et de nouvelles mesures de sanctionsafin d’assurer la conformité et le respect avec les normes inhérentes au développement durable, et d’éviter la crise delégitimité du développement durable et une rupture éventuelle des relations internationales
Klockner, Anna. "Effektiva styrmedel i jakten på den miljövänliga människan : Miljömål i Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tematisk utbildning och forskning, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97993.
Testo completoIbinga, Kery Juladys Joëlle. "Les chemins d'une éducation à l'écocitoyenneté. Discours et pratiques de l'écomobilité scolaire : l'exemple du "Pédibus" en Metropole Rouen Normandie". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR153/document.
Testo completoEco-mobility in connection with schools, studied through the Walking School Bus, a pedestrian collecting system that voluntarily organizes the home-school journey for young pupils at the initiative of some parents, can raise questions about environmental education (EE) and education for sustainable development (ESD). Following the work of Lucie Sauvé, Sandrine Depeau, Alain Legardez, Angela Barthes, Marie-Louise Martinez and Jean-Marc Lange, the analyses sought to show how the practice of the Walking School Bus can become an educational issue that touches on the aims of education: "building knowledge", "building an identity as a subject and a citizen", "becoming a responsible person evolving within a community". The starting point was to question how the discourse conveyed by official texts, including the major UN declarations founding sustainable development (SD), see schools as the fundamental place for the training of conscious and responsible minds. To these discourses advocating a reform from above, the thesis compared the discourses of the actors of the Walking School Bus in Rouen Normandy Metropolis, collected between 2016 and 2018, in order to show how an eco-citizen discourse is articulated, as part of a reform process from the bottom up, and through daily action. Inspired by studies on eco-citizenship, in particular the work of Marie-Louise Martinez, the interlocutory analysis of the discourses highlighted the creation of an eco-citizen awareness and the emergence of an eco-responsible person, inscribed in its urban and natural environment, as well as in its social environment (street, neighborhood, city). Moreover, this thesis is the first university monograph devoted to the Walking School Bus, including a state of research inspired by various countries and different fields of science (educational sciences, medicine, sociology, geography) concerned by the WSB, at the origin of the main types of discourse on a complex subject (safety, hygienist, societal, environmental discourse). In accordance with the very nature of a curriculum-free learning process whose understanding can be inspired by the work of eco-ontogenesis in Tom Berryman's mind, the relationship between non-formal and formal learning was questioned, especially because the pupils concerned fall within the "observation cycle" and the "consolidation cycle" of primary school. On this basis, the thesis formulated remedial approaches that could strengthen the synergy between non-formal and formal education on the one hand, and contribute to the multiplication and sustainability of the Walking School Bus lines on the other hand. Rouen Normandy Metropolis, which has been very much involved for decades in "soft mobility", could serve as a model in the field of eco-mobility
Ievdokymova, Maria. "Corporate social responsibility development in Russian business environment based on non-financial reporting". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAB019.
Testo completoContext: The retrospective analysis of CSR formation helped us to define the core special characteristics of CSR and divide them on three classifications (forms): Altruistic, Philanthropic Corporate Citizenship. Using the Triple Bottom Line approach and GRI standards for non-financial reporting, we build our model to conduct a qualitative research analysis to evaluate and define the current form of CSR development among large Russian enterprises. We have identified the positive trend of CSR presence by oil and gas industry. Under Russian conditions, oil and gas enterprises are leading among other industries in the sphere of CSR for several reasons. First, it is the richest branch of the economy of Russia.Secondly, local authorities and social movements closely monitor these companies because of their high impact on environmental issues. This industry represent a strong commitment of international standards and practices of CSR by implementing sustainable business conduct in their managerial practice. This is due to a high international impact and an active expansion abroad of the enterprises by making socially significant investments to create a positive image of their companies in front of stakeholders.Limits: There is a lack of information on CSR activities among large Russian enterprises, which indicates a low involvement of the companies in nonfinancial reporting. This fact reflects the closeness of activities of certain industries of Russian business environment and a significant gap of CSR development among industries
Ellatifi, Mohammed. "L'économie de la forêt et des produits forestiers au Maroc : bilan et perspectives". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR40007/document.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the actual situation of the Moroccan forests. Within the framework of this work, two studies were carried out at national level, in Morocco. The first concerned grazing in forest and the second the quantification of fuel wood directly collected from forest and consumed in both rural and urban areas. The results found were very disquieting. In both cases, the total volume of fodder and fuel wood, effectively collected from forest, are 3 to 4 times the biological possibility of the forest.The rural populations exert a huge pressure on the Moroccan forest, which causes its degradation and puts in jeopardy its perenniality.This thesis work also estimated the monetary value of the various goods and services of the Moroccan forest, towards the valuation of the total economic value (TEV). This showed that the economic value of the Moroccan forest is very underestimated, which encourages its degradation and clearing.This research work also demonstrated the weak success rate of the reforestation activities, which were carried out in Morocco, during the last half century. A new strategy towards a sustainable forest management in Morocco is proposed, within the framework of the National Forest Plan.To reach this sustainable forest management, the NFP should resolve the major urgent problems which threaten the Moroccan forest, and should give a role of prime importance to the civil society actors, and to the rural populations for the supervision of this new strategy, with the participation of the forest service, in order to make of the Moroccan forest a model of sustainably managed forest, at the level of the Mediterranean region
Varella, Marcelo Dias. "L' inégalité Nord-Sud et la construction juridique du "développement durable" dans le droit international". Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010274.
Testo completoEscobar, Mariana. "Dynamics within and between NGOs' influence strategies towards Business : The case of environmental NGOs mobilizing around soybean sustainability issues (2000-2013)". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10061/document.
Testo completoSince the 1990s, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have been increasingly involved in defining and solving social and environmental problems related to business activities. Extant literature analysing NGOs mobilization in corporate contexts, commonly characterizes NGOs' influence strategies as either confrontational or collaborative. Our research aims to bring a more nuanced view of these theoretical dichotomies, in particular we seek to better understand the possible mixed approaches, using both confrontation and collaboration, that can take place within one strategy. Empirically we focused on different strategies of influence conducted by three of the world's most recognized Environmental NGOs : World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth (FoE), in the same economic sector, the soybean agribusiness. The study looks specifically at the individual progress of these strategies, as well as the similarities and differences between them. Our analysis shows firstly that NGOs strategies develop in an interrelated and dialectic process, building on each other achievements and shortcomings. Second, we showed that the impact of individual strategies often involve a hybrid approach between collaboration and confrontation. This approach can take two distinct forms : a progressive dynamics (from confrontation to cooperation) or dual one (simultaneous cooperation and confrontation). These initial results contribute globally to the emerging NGO-Business literature, and speak to current attempts that seek to overcome static and dyadic approaches of NGO-Business relations
Fevre-Gautier, Anne-Lise. "Analyser la durabilité du développement de valorisations non alimentaires d'agro-ressources". Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453261.
Testo completoFèvre-Gautier, Anne-Lise. "Analyser la durabilité du développement de valorisations non alimentaires d'agro-ressources". Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0002.
Testo completoThis thesis is about our analysis of the activities of the French competitiveness cluster "Industrie et Agro-Ressources" (IAR) with regard to the different stakes of sustainable development. Established in 2005 in the Picardie and Champagne-Ardenne regions, this cluster supports innovative valorisation projects of agricultural resources by industry. Our approach is based on an analysis of the challenges that sustainable development aims to solve, with a particular focus on the case of the agriculture and agro-industries. We also use ideas and concepts from several types of sustainability analysis methodologies, including the construction and use of sustainable development indicators. This work resulted in the development of IDDAgro, a decision support system dedicated to the evaluation of the sustainability of projects supported by the IAR cluster. One backbone of this set of sustainable development indicators is the assessment of the potential impacts of agro-industrial projects life cycels. Our approach was validated by applying the IDDAgro tool to real life projects. Limited access to information necessary for sustainability assessments was the main obstacle in this research. It prevented the planned application of our approach to study the ethanol production of one of the IAR cluster's partners, for which a literature study had been carried out. All these results finally enabled us to develop and present concrete suggestions to the IAR cluster. They aim at improving the integration of sustainable development stakes in its activities
Serdaroglu, Feride Selcan. "Le concept de "développement soutenable" à l'épreuve de l'utilisation non coopérative des ressources en eau du Tigre et de l'Euphrate". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1EC09.
Testo completoPetit, Benoît. "Le régime de coexistence des secteurs marchand et non-marchand de protection sociale : l' apport du concept de développement soutenable aux principes posés par le droit de la concurrence". Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32001.
Testo completoBenhallam, Mouna. "La résistance socialement responsable à la consommation : proposition de conceptualisation et implications pour les pratiques du marketing". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0099/document.
Testo completoThis research focuses on protest movements towards market system and its devices, having for main motive the social and environmental concerns. This work aims at underlining the existence of the socially responsible resistance (SRR) and therefore its interest, considering its uniqueness and the managerial challenges that it implies. Through an observational netnography approach using an interpretativist method for data analysis, the research is based on a study of three virtual different communities’representative of the investigated phenomenon and leads to two major results. On the first hand, the research end in an understanding conceptualization of the phenomenon, stressing its initiator factors, caracteristics, but also the SRR wide range of expression forms. On the other hand, this work emphasizes evolution and reform perspectives of marketing practices, methods and strategies
Rubino, Roberta. "Au-delà du don et du marché : produire du coton biologique au Mali entre commerce équitable et développement durable". Paris, EHESS, 2013. https://eu02.alma.exlibrisgroup.com/view/uresolver/33PUDB_IEP/openurl?u.ignore_date_coverage=true&portfolio_pid=5364193810004675&Force_direct=true.
Testo completoThis thesis was conceived as a double ethnographie concerning both the study of a promotion program of organic and fair cotton production in Mali and the critical analysis of the devices which settle and structure the international NGO of development, in charge of its implementation. The reconstruction of the chaine of production of organic and fair cotton in Mali noptice that the fair trade was not itself a practice of alternative development. To the contrary, beyond its specific contents, its strongly ideological formal structure answered to the characteristics, and thus the limits, of all other development projects of modern type. Furthermore, analyzing criteria of fair trade we acknowledged that the trade would never be fair due to the gift it contains. In the progress of the program, the NGO appeared as an institution endowed with a flexible and natural tendency to adapt itself and welcome changes before they turn into conflict. In concomitance, various techniques of power are implemented in order to excercise a control on and limit these non-governmental people, and the experiences of which they are made observers. Inj the inside, a series of mechanisms concerning the organisation of the work "at the tools" to make it aim at the reorganisation eiter social or cultural significats which are attributes to the experience. To this internal shape of control ajutent other, outer, locable in the devices which constantly watch, judge and thus legitimize the existance of the NGO
Prévost, Aurélie. "Inférence(s) des documents d'urbanisme sur le territoire : modélisation multicritère et évaluation durable : application à la ville de Toulouse". Thesis, Compiègne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013COMP2104/document.
Testo completoUrban planning includes the institutional means used to control urban development. Over the years, the French urban plans saw their goals modified towards a more controlled urban space management (SRU and Grenelle laws). Besides, environmental and spatial protection issues were reinforced by European legislation, which made the environmental assessment compulsory for some plans (in 2001 for Europe, applied in France in 2005). This PhD research aims to propose a complementary assessment approach to the current indicators contained in the local plan’s assessments, and, more broadly, to question the impacts of the local plans on urban areas. In fact, the local plan indicators seem to be more adapted for a city sustainability performance analysis than for an analysis of the quality of the regulations contained in the plans. This approach starts with the creation of a set of indicators, which are expected to show the effects of the local plan, focusing on “regulatory planning criteria” (zoning, constraints for a building shape and parcel layout, public facilities and amenities) and “sustainable planning” (based on the SRU and Grenelle laws definitions). Finally, the aggregation of the indicators, by the use of multicriteria and statistical analysis, will supply regulatory planners not only with a tool for better understanding of the complex regulations but also a decision aiding tool, whose purpose is to facilitate the choices planners have to make for the evolution of the zoning and the regulation. The local plan of the city of Toulouse will be used as a case study to show the application of the approach
Garriga, Cots Ada. "Le droit à l'éducation au sein de l'UE comme droit de l'homme". Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020004.
Testo completoLifelong learning including early childhood, primary, secondary, vocational training, higher education and adult education has become a priority for the UN (ODD 2030, number 4) and for the EU (the driving force behind the 2020 Strategy). The Commission is considering a European Area of Education, with the success of the European Higher Education Area and the European Research Area. The EU has made mobility its goal and the Erasmus + program for thirty years has benefited more than 9 million people. However, what are the rights in the field of education for: students, parents, trainees, and directors of public and private educational institutions, teachers, and other stakeholders of civil society (associations, foundations, companies)? From a legal point of view, EU States must follow the obligations following from the UDHR, the Covenants, the CRC, UNESCO, ILO, WTO, UNICEF, among others. States must meet these obligations among the Universal Periodic Review, and follow the recommendations of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Education. The « acquis communautaire » is shaping the right to education. Among the rights analyzed we find: rights of free movement of persons, services and establishment, workers, non-discrimination on grounds of nationality, and gender equality among others. After the analysis of the international aspect, the European aspect and the human rights aspect (application of the EU Charter of fundamental rights and the ECHR and its jurisprudence), EU citizens have a right to education in the EU as human right «sui generis»
Bjellerup, Mårten. "Essays on Consumption : - Aggregation, Asymmetry and Asset Distributions". Doctoral thesis, Växjö universitet, Ekonomihögskolan, EHV, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-406.
Testo completoZerigui, Mehdi. "RSE : La contribution des ONG à la Performance globale des entreprises responsables". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30015/document.
Testo completoThis doctoral thesis in management sciences questions the impacts of collaborations between companies and the non-governmental sphere. It takes into consideration the extent to which the NGOs contribute to the overall performance of firms through their social responsibility.The state-of-the-art of the key words with regards to our topic has highlighted a threefold expansion within companies: first, an openness of their governance which translates into the introduction of new stakeholders in the core of the society; secondly, a deepening of performance that is no longer observed solely from an economic and financial perspective but also from its social and environmental aspects; and finally, the development of performance measurement tools. As a matter of fact, economic reporting is now complemented by sustainable development reports. This expansion of measurement tools is sometimes characterized as an integrated reporting that systematizes the link between the financial and the extra-financial.The challenges of this qualitative research with an exploratory aim are threefold: firstly, it addresses understanding the involvement of the actors by characterizing their posture within partnerships but also by shedding light on their motivations to collaborate. Secondly, it is necessary to determine the modalities of the partnerships that exist between the firms and the NGOs, specifying the notion of "dialogue" and the characteristics of strategic partnerships. Finally, this research addresses measuring the contribution of NGOs to the overall performance by analyzing its impacts under the prism of a four-axial performance and more specifically using the methodology of Integrated Reporting.Our research has been materialized through a documentary and a statistical study of 301 companies and NGOs that revolved around their socio-economic sphere. Based on this sample, we further conducted 44 semi-structured interviews with companies and NGOs and completed our research with a case study on the strategic partnership between Michelin and WWF. In this case study we have on one hand interviewed internal stakeholders, such as those in charge of cooperation, and on the other hand, external stakeholders, such as the Deputy Managing Director of the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC) ) and the General Manager of the Union of Professionals for Tires (Syndicat des Professionnels du Pneu - SPP)
Sébastien, Léa. "Humains et non-humains en pourparlers : l'Acteur en 4 Dimensions Proposition théorique et méthodologique transdisciplinaire favorisant l'émancipation de nouvelles formes de gouvernances environnementales Application au domaine de l'eau sur trois territoires : la Plaine du Forez, les pentes du Kilimandjaro et les Barthes de l'Adour". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780587.
Testo completoYan, Huijie. "Challenges of China’s sustainability : integrating energy, environment and health policies". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1092.
Testo completoWith the purpose of coping with the intertwined challenges of energy depletion, environmental degradation and public health concerns in the Chinese-specific context in response to sustainable development, we focus on investigating China’s energy, environment and health policies. In chapter 1, we provide an overview of China’s energy, environment and health policies over the past 20 years in order to know about the future policy directions to which the government has not given a sufficient attention. In the following three chapters, we provide a series of empirical studies so as to derive some useful policy implications. In chapter 2, we investigate the impact of urbanization, industrial structure adjustment, energy price and export on provincial aggregate and disaggregate energy intensities. In chapter 3, we study the factors explaining the switches from dirty to clean fuel sources in rural households. In chapter 4, we examine the joint effects of environmental hazards, individual income and health policies on the health status of Chinese adults. Our empirical findings particularly suggest integrating urban development into the strategy of energy saving; considering the complex substitutions/complementarities among energy sources and between energy and food for rural households; aligning the environment, energy and food policies with health policies
Leroy, Antonia. "Les transformations du droit des pêches face à l'émergence d'un problème juridique : la pêche illicite, non rapportée, non réglementée : Aspects de droit international, européen et national". Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0043.
Testo completoFisheries Law is taking its foundation within the Law of the sea. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea addresses fisheries issues through the maritime spaces it establishes. The fight against "illegal, unreported and unregulated" IUU fishing has crept into the Fisheries Law in transformation, which we are considering here, and in particular the latter's ability to eradicate these IUU activities. IUU fishing refers to different forms of fishing activities or methods, or fishing conditions, that need to be clarified. The causes of IUU fishing and the treatment to be applied to it are of full interest to public Law, particularly when it is looking for loopholes. The content and scope of the principles of international Law to combat IUU fishing have not been fully effective since this type of fishing persists. The main responsibility for combating IUU fishing lies with States, which are responsible at a minimum for avoiding IUU fishing in their territorial sea and areas under their jurisdiction (coastal State) and on the high seas by vessels flying their flag (flag State). The involvement of regional fisheries management organisations (RFMOs) or other States or the focus on certain State roles such as the "port State" and the "market State", which facilitate or counter trade in fishery products from IUU activities. This has nevertheless led to the emergence of more restrictive international or national legal measures. In this movement, the European common fisheries policy and its law, both internally and externally, have played a decisive role
El, Jadie Amna. "L'énergie nucléaire et le droit international public". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR1006/document.
Testo completoAll states without discrimination have an inalienable right to develop the uses of nuclear energy for civilian purposes, provided they do not divert these peaceful uses to nuclear weapons. However, five states have been granted the right to possess these weapons, that is : United-States, France, Russia, China and United-Kingdom. Around this position a fierce debate, both legal and ethical, has been raised. Indeed for its opponents nuclear represents a persistent risk that is non controllable by science. Major nuclear accidents, radioactive wastes and the use of nuclear for military purposes are unmanageable risks of exceptionnal serious gravity. On the other hand, the proponents of this energy present it as safe, even as part of sustainable development. According to them, nuclear is a reliable means to fight global warming and is also a solution to the energy shortage the world is facing. When analyzing the reliability and the credibility of all arguments for and against this industry, it can be noticed that the lawfulness and legitimacy of the use of nuclear energy are ill-founded. Therefore, we believe there is a need to go beyond nuclear with the conclusion of an international convention dealing with the progressive but comprehensive nuclear ban