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1
Bayro, Marvin J. "Protein MAS NMR methodology and structural analysis of protein assemblies". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57800.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2010.Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Methodological developments and applications of solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectroscopy, with particular emphasis on the analysis of protein structure, are described in this thesis. MAS NMR studies of biomolecules ranging from model peptides and proteins in crystalline form to amyloid fibrils and whole bacterial organelles are reported. The methods presented include novel pulse sequences and optimized pulse sequence elements, experimental approaches designed for multiple-spin systems, a protocol for efficient sequential resonance assignment of proteins in the solid state, and techniques to determine the inter-molecular organization of amyloid fibrils formed by moderately sized proteins. Notably, an efficient dipolar recoupling technique, bandselective radio frequency-driven recoupling (BASE RFDR), is introduced and combined with alternating 13C-12C labeling to yield highly sensitive 13C-13C correlation spectra between distant nuclei in proteins. Various applications of the BASE RFDR scheme are presented, including protein resonance assignment, determination of tertiary structure of amyloid fibrils, and variable-temperature studies of protein dynamics. The main biological systems analyzed are amyloid fibrils formed by the SH3 domain of P13 kinase (P13-SH3) and intact gas vesicles from anabaena flos-aquae, for which atomic-level structural information was previously unavailable. P13-SH3 (86 residues) is a system thoroughly studied as a model of protein misfolding and amyloid formation by a natively globular protein. Gas vesicles are bacterial buoyancy organelles, with walls composed almost entirely by a single protein (GvpA, 70 residues), whose formation and structure constitute a highly intriguing biophysical problem. Nearly complete 13C and 'IN resonance assignments and the molecular conformations of the polypeptide backbones of both P13-SH3 and GvpA have been obtained via MAS NMR spectroscopy, enabling the proposal of models for the structure of these two protein assembly systems. In addition, the tertiary structure of P13-SH3 amyloid fibrils has been elucidated by the application of novel methodology introduced in this thesis. Finally, investigations regarding the effects of temperature and protein dynamics on MAS NMR experiments and biomolecular dynamic nuclear polarization studies are presented.
by Marvin J. Bayro.
Ph.D.
2
Pöppler, Ann-Christin. "Advanced NMR Methodology for the Investigation of Organometallic Compounds in Solution". Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0001-BC26-5.
3
Nambiath, chandran Jima. "Development of NMR methodology for the analysis and simplification of complex mixtures". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4306.
Abstract (sommario):
Ces travaux de thèse portent sur l'analyse des mélanges réels et synthétiques complexes composés de petites molécules à l'aide de la RMN HRMAS. Dans une première partie, une approche RMN HRMAS basée sur l'analyse métabolomique en combinaison avec des techniques de reconnaissance des formes (PCA et O-PLS-DA) a été appliquée pour le diagnostic des lésions thyroïdiennes indéterminées et étudier également les effets biologiques négatifs des nanoparticules d'aluminium sur pseudomonas brassicacearum. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons étudié la RMN chromatographique en utilisant la silice comme matrice de support qui pourrait fournir une alternative rapide et complète de la LC pour la caractérisation de mélanges complexes. En outre, l'exigence de la suppression du signal dans l'extrait de plantes naturelles et d'hydrocarbures aromatiques conduit à l'élaboration d'une méthode rapide et précise en utilisant des polymères à empreintes moléculaires avec une excellente sélectivité. La sélectivité des polymères à empreintes moléculaires à travers la capture d'une cible moléculaire spécifique est exploitée ici pour éliminer efficacement les signaux RMNThis thesis work deals with the analysis of natural and synthetic complex mixtures composed of small molecules using HRMAS NMR. In a first part, an integrated HRMAS-NMR based metabolomic analysis in combination with pattern recognition techniques (PCA and O-PLS-DA) has been applied for the diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid lesions and also studied the potential adverse biological effects of aluminium nanoparticles on pseudomonas brassicacearum. In a second part we investigated that chromatographic NMR using silica as the matrix support could provide a quick alternative and complement to LC for the characterization of complex mixtures. In addition, requirement for signal suppression in natural plant extract and aromatic hydrocarbons led to the development of a rapid and accurate method using molecularly imprinted polymers with excellent selectivity. The selectivity of Molecularly Imprinted polymers towards capturing a specific molecular target is exploited here to efficiently remove NMR signals
4
Nambiath, chandran Jima. "Development of NMR methodology for the analysis and simplification of complex mixtures". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4306.
Abstract (sommario):
Ces travaux de thèse portent sur l'analyse des mélanges réels et synthétiques complexes composés de petites molécules à l'aide de la RMN HRMAS. Dans une première partie, une approche RMN HRMAS basée sur l'analyse métabolomique en combinaison avec des techniques de reconnaissance des formes (PCA et O-PLS-DA) a été appliquée pour le diagnostic des lésions thyroïdiennes indéterminées et étudier également les effets biologiques négatifs des nanoparticules d'aluminium sur pseudomonas brassicacearum. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons étudié la RMN chromatographique en utilisant la silice comme matrice de support qui pourrait fournir une alternative rapide et complète de la LC pour la caractérisation de mélanges complexes. En outre, l'exigence de la suppression du signal dans l'extrait de plantes naturelles et d'hydrocarbures aromatiques conduit à l'élaboration d'une méthode rapide et précise en utilisant des polymères à empreintes moléculaires avec une excellente sélectivité. La sélectivité des polymères à empreintes moléculaires à travers la capture d'une cible moléculaire spécifique est exploitée ici pour éliminer efficacement les signaux RMNThis thesis work deals with the analysis of natural and synthetic complex mixtures composed of small molecules using HRMAS NMR. In a first part, an integrated HRMAS-NMR based metabolomic analysis in combination with pattern recognition techniques (PCA and O-PLS-DA) has been applied for the diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid lesions and also studied the potential adverse biological effects of aluminium nanoparticles on pseudomonas brassicacearum. In a second part we investigated that chromatographic NMR using silica as the matrix support could provide a quick alternative and complement to LC for the characterization of complex mixtures. In addition, requirement for signal suppression in natural plant extract and aromatic hydrocarbons led to the development of a rapid and accurate method using molecularly imprinted polymers with excellent selectivity. The selectivity of Molecularly Imprinted polymers towards capturing a specific molecular target is exploited here to efficiently remove NMR signals
5
Lewandowski, Józef Romuald. "Methodology and applications of high resolution solid-state NMR to structure determination of proteins". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45640.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
A number of methodological developments and applications of solid-state NMR for assignment and high resolution structure determination of microcrystalline proteins and amyloid fibrils are presented. Magic angle spinning spectroscopy on uniformly and selectively "C and '5N labeled samples is performed at magnetic fields from 11.7 to 21.1 T and spinning frequencies from 9 to 65 kHz.Dynamic Nuclear Polarization on nanocrystals of amyloidogenic peptide GNNQQNY is presented demonstrating that 'H-'H spin diffusion can efficiently transfer the enhanced polarization across the solute that is not in an intimate contact with the polarizing agent.An improved theoretical treatment of Rotational Resonance Width (R2W) experiments and its application to determination of precise 13C-13C distance is presented. A general theory of second averaging in modulation frame for designing solid-state NMR experiments is introduced and discussed in the context of two methods: Cosine Modulated Rotary Resonance (CMpRR) for performing a broadband double-quantum 13C-13C recoupling without the need for additional 'H decoupling and Cosine Modulated recoupling with Chemical Shift reintroduction (COMICS) that provides a general frequency selective method for measuring precise 13C-13C distances in uniformly labeled solids. Cosine Modulated Adiabatic Recoupling (CMAR) - an adiabatic extension of the CMpRR, that is particularly robust with respect to rf inhomogeneity, is also introduced. A number of applications CMpRR at 21.1 T to proteins with varying degrees of macroscopic order are presented. A second order Third Spin Assisted Recoupling (TSAR) mechanism is introduced and discussed in detail. The heteronuclear TSAR - Proton Assisted Insensitive Nuclei Cross-Polarization (PAIN-CP) and homonuclear Proton Assisted Recoupling (PAR) yield long distance 13C_1-N, 3C-_13C and 15N- 5N restraints in uniformly labeled systems with spinning frequencies up to 65 kHz that are used for protein structure calculation. Structure, dynamics and polymorphism of amyloidogenic peptide GNNQQNY from the yeast protein sup35p are investigated. Finally, PAIN-CP and '3C-13C PAR are used for high resolution de novo structure determination of 10.4 kDa Crh protein dimer.
by Józef Romuald Lewandowski.
Ph.D.
6
Kleks, Guy. "Development of NMR Methodology for Complex Mixture Analysis and Discovery of Antiplasmodial Marine Natural Products". Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/401350.
Abstract (sommario):
One of the challenges in natural product discovery is the re-isolation and identification of known compounds. Dereplication is the process of identifying known compounds, allowing time and effort involved in their isolation and structure elucidation to be saved, thus enabling focus to be directed solely on new compounds. While dereplication is mainly MS-based, the main tool for structure elucidation of natural products is NMR. These techniques are very different to each other, with the only current approach in which they can be correlated is by hyphenated techniques such as LC-NMR-MS, requiring specialist and expensive hardware that is not available in every lab. In this thesis we develop structure and molecular size based NMR methodology for analysis of complex mixtures, such as those encountered in natural product research. We have used Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY), an NMR technique that enables components of a mixture to be distinguished by their diffusion coefficients (D), corresponding to hydrodynamic size. Since DOSY has mostly been used for organometallic and polymer analysis, we have established a calibration curve consisting mostly of natural products that provides a correlation between D to molecular weight (MW), allowing MW prediction from experimental D. Since physicochemical properties such as hydrogen bonding, molar density and molecular shape have been shown to affect D and therefore MW prediction, we have generated two new MW prediction models. The first model takes hydrogen bonding into account by the chemical shift of the most acidic hydrogen bond donor (HBD), and the second model provides a more accurate MW prediction for RP HPLC fractions based on the percentage MeOH the compound elutes it. We have generated predicted D based on structural and chemical properties for a database of 220,817 natural products, allowing dereplication by use of a D filter based on the experimental D in conjunction with structural filters based on NMR data. These models have been validated by the dereplication of a mixture of two sesquiterpenes from the plant Tasmannia xerophila, and the dereplication of three known tropane alkaloids in a complex mixture from Darlingia ferruginea. 3D DOSY methodology was undertaken for the analysis of the D. ferruginea complex mixture, allowing molecular fragments to be constructed from DOSY-COSY data. We have also projected diffusion data derived from DOSY-HSQC data onto an HMBC spectrum to generate complex fragments containing non protonated carbons, and this has provided a powerful tool for dereplication. These molecular fragments allowed dereplication and the annotation of three new tropane alkaloids in a complex mixture. These new compounds, together with other known alkaloids were subsequently isolated, and extensive 2D NMR and ECD data allowed their total absolute structures to be assigned to the three new compounds and the structure revision of two of the known compounds, one previously reported as it is diastereomer and both originally wrongly assigned as their opposite enantiomers.
In this thesis we report the chemical investigation of two bryozoan species, members of a marine invertebrate phylum that is one of the most understudied. These species were selected for investigation after their extracts were identified as possessing potent bioactivity during an antiplasmodial screening of 486 marine invertebrate crude extracts collected in Australia as active toward the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, the causative agent of the malaria disease. The bryozoan Orthoscuticella ventricosa has afforded five new β-carboline alkaloids, two of which contained were bis-β-carboline containing an uncommon 1,2-disubstituted cyclobutane moiety. These compounds displayed weak antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive strain (3D7) of the P. falciparum.
The bryozoan Amathia lamourouxi has afforded six new brominated alkaloids. Two of these displayed sub-micromolar antiplasmodial activity against both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) P. falciparum strains and good selectivity relative to the human cell line, marking these compounds as validated antimalarial hits.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
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Linser, Rasmus Jan. "Development and application of new methodology for 1 H-detected MAS solid-state NMR on biomolecules". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16199.
Abstract (sommario):
In der hier vorgestellten Arbeit werden neuartige Festkörper-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Experimente vorgestellt, die eine direkte Detektion von Protonen einbeziehen. Die Technik basiert auf einer weitgehenden Verdünnung der Protonen durch Deuteronen in vollständig isotopenmarkierten, rekombinant exprimierten Proteinen und ermöglicht Festkörper-NMR mit sehr schmalen Linienbreiten aller standardmäßig erfassbaren Kerne (Protonen, Stickstoff, Kohlenstoff) ohne Hochleistungsentkopplung. Zusätzlich werden Methoden für ein besonders hohes Signal-zu-Rausch durch Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement (PRE) entwickelt. Die so präparierten Proteine erweisen sich tauglich für eine stark verbesserte NMR-Charakterisierung durch eine Vielzahl neuer Struktur- und Zuordnungsexperimente, in denen Techniken aus Festkörper- und Lösungs-NMR vereint werden. Dabei können hier erstmals auch Bereiche im Protein mit einbezogen werden, die langsame Dynamik vollziehen. Die Experimente finden Anwendung auf die SH3-Domäne von alpha-Spektrin, das Alzheimer-Peptid Abeta1-40 und das Membranprotein Omp G.In this work, novel solid-state NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) experiments are presented that imply direct detection of protons. The technique is based on extensive dilution of protons with deuterons in uniformly labelled, recombinantly expressed proteins and allows for solid-state NMR providing very narrow lines of all commonly accessible nuclei (protons, nitrogen, carbon) without high-power decoupling. In addition, methods are developed that yield a particularly high signal-to-noise through Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement (PRE). The accordingly prepared proteins are shown to be applicable for a significantly improved NMR-characterization by manifold new experiments for assignment and structure elucidation, in which techniques from solid-state and solution NMR are united. For the first time, also those regions in a protein can be accessed that undergo slow dynamics. The experiments are employed on the SH3-domain of alpha-spectrin, Alzheimer’s peptide Abeta1‑40, and the membrane protein Omp G.
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Myers, Emma Paige. "Solid State ²H NMR Spectroscopy Analysis of Lipid-Protein Interactions in Response to Bilayer Deformations: Development of Methodology". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297723.
Abstract (sommario):
Using solid-state 2H NMR spectroscopy, one can obtain de-convoluted NMR spectra which can then be used to evaluate segmental order parameters. These order parameters describe the motional averaging of C - ²H segments with respect to the bilayer normal, and are therefore related to bilayer structural parameters such as the mean area per lipid and the volumetric bilayer thickness. From this type of data, the effect of various stresses (hydration pressure, osmotic stress) on the lipid bilayer can be quantified. This type of analysis has been made with DMPC-d₅₄ as the lipid sample and polyethylene glycol (PEG) of molecular weight 1500 (PEG 1500) as the osmolyte. We plan to extend this work with other lipid systems like POPC and osmolytes such as PEG 8000 in order to provide more varied data in terms of sample identity. The long-term goal is to provide enough experimental data on various lipid samples to be able to make a qualitative analysis on how bilayer deformation influences non-specific lipid-protein interactions. This paper develops the methodology for the data reduction and analysis procedures used in our analysis of these lipid samples, while demonstrating the applicability of solid-state ²H NMR spectroscopy in investigating structural properties of lipid bilayers.
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Grohe, Kristof [Verfasser], e Rasmus [Akademischer Betreuer] Linser. "Development and application of novel NMR methodology for elucidation of protein structure and dynamics / Kristof Grohe ; Betreuer: Rasmus Linser". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/122384983X/34.
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Pöppler, Ann-Christin [Verfasser], Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Stalke e Philipp [Akademischer Betreuer] Vana. "Advanced NMR Methodology for the Investigation of Organometallic Compounds in Solution / Ann-Christin Pöppler. Gutachter: Dietmar Stalke ; Philipp Vana. Betreuer: Dietmar Stalke". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044870362/34.
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Ince, Ridvan. "Étude du magnétisme moléculaire local par RMN des solides paramagnétiques à haute résolution". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0206.
Abstract (sommario):
Le but de ce travail est de mettre en place un nouvel outil de détermination experimentale du tenseur de susceptibilité magnétique locale. Nous avons travaillé sur une série isostructurale d'oxalate de lanthanide [Ln2(C2O4)3, 9,5H2O] avec Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, grâce à la RMN du solide paramagnétique afin de démontrer la faisabilité de ce type d'étude par RMN des solides. Pour déterminer la susceptibilité magnétique locale, nous proposons une approche semi-empirique basée sur un modèle de dipôle ponctuel paramétré pour le magnétisme local. Le modèle est basé sur la connaissance de la structure cristalline et l'approximation empirique du dipôle ponctuel pour chaque centre paramagnétique de la structure. L'interaction hyperfine dipolaire est calculée pour chaque noyau observable par RMN en additionnant l'effet de chaque centre paramagnétique sur le spectre RMN dans le rayon de convergence de notre modèle. Le spectre résultant est ensuite comparé aux données expérimentales et les paramètres du modèle sont optimisés pour obtenir le meilleur ajustement. La rapidité de ce calcul semi-empirique ouvre des portes en termes de mesures rendues accessibles par cette méthode. Elle nous a par exemple permis d'effectuer une analyse statistique de chaque paramètre du tenseur de susceptibilité magnétique locale. Nous avons comparé nos résultats avec des mesures de la susceptibilité magnétique macroscopique obtenues grâce à un SQUID et nous avons trouvé un excellent accord entre cette méthode et la nôtre pour la composante isotrope de cette mesure. Nous avons exploré d'autres possibilités offertes par cette méthode en nous intéressant à la possibilité d'accéder aux composantes diamagnétiques du tenseur de déplacement chimique en faisant varier la température, de nos échantillons. Ou encore, nous avons étudié des systèmes désordonnés afin de pousser notre modèle vers des systèmes plus difficiles à atteindre par des méthodes de diffractionThe purpose of this work is to try and set up a new tool for the experimental determination of local magnetic susceptibility tensor. We have worked on an isotructural series of lanthanide oxalate [Ln2(C2O4)3, 9,5H2O] with Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, using NMR of the paramagnetic solid in order to show thefeasability of this kind of studies by solid-state NMR.To determine the local magnetic susceptibility, we propose a semi-empirical approach based on a parameterized point dipole model for local magnetism. The model is based on the knowledge of the crystal structure and the empirical approximation of the point dipole for each paramagnetic center in the structure. The hyperfine dipole interaction is calculated for each NMR observable nucleus by summing the effect of each paramagnetic center on the NMR spectrum within the radius of convergence of our model. The resulting spectrum is then compared to the experimental data and the model parameters are optimized to obtain the best fit.The fact that this semi-empirical model is very fast to calculate opens a wide panel of accessible measurements through this method. For instance, we were able to perform a statistical analysis of each parameter of the local magnetic susceptibility tensor.We have compared our results with SQUID measurements of the macroscopic susceptibility and it showed a good agreement between the isotropic component obtained by both measurements.We explored several possibilities offered by this method in order to access the diamagnetic components of the chemical shift tensor by changing the temperature of our samples. We also tried to push ourstudies towards disordered systems for which diffraction methods have more difficulties to access local magnetic informations
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Carneiro, Marta Verfasser], Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] [Griesinger, Jörg [Akademischer Betreuer] Enderlein, Tim [Akademischer Betreuer] Grüne, Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] Tittmann, Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Zweckstetter e Bert de [Akademischer Betreuer] Groot. "Functional dynamics of the anti-HIV lectin OAA and NMR methodology for the study of protein dynamics / Marta Carneiro. Betreuer: Christian Griesinger. Gutachter: Jörg Enderlein ; Tim Grüne ; Kai Tittmann ; Markus Zweckstetter ; Bert De Groot". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/108182042X/34.
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Domah, Darshan. "The NERV Methodology: Non-Functional Requirements Elicitation, Reasoning, and Validation in Agile Processes". NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/137.
Abstract (sommario):
Agile software development has become very popular around the world in recent years, with methods such as Scrum and Extreme Programming (XP). Literature suggests that functionality is the primary focus in Agile processes while non-functional requirements (NFR) are either ignored or ill-defined. However, for software to be of good quality both functional requirements (FR) and NFR need to be taken into consideration; lack of attention to NFR has been documented to be the cause of failure for many software projects. Hence special attention needs to be focused on NFR in Agile software development. By its very nature Agile processes require frequent changes but these changes are often not well documented. This is especially true of NFR in Agile processes. While functional requirements are carefully identified, NFR are often not properly elicited. Once NFR are identified they become the basis for reasoning and facilitation of design and development decisions. NFR also need to be validated through proper testing to ensure their quality attributes have been met in the final software product.
This dissertation aimed at developing a methodology for addressing NFR in Agile processes. As such, the "NERV Methodology: Non-Functional Requirements Elicitation, Reasoning, and Validation in Agile Processes" was proposed. Several artifacts were created as part of this methodology and included: the NFR Elicitation Taxonomy, the NFR Reasoning Taxonomy, the NFR Quantification Taxonomy, and the Non-Functional Requirements User Story Companion (NFRusCOM) Card. Additionally the NERV Agility Index (NAI) was developed using the Agile Manifesto and its twelve principles.
The NERV Methodology was validated using the 26 requirements of the European Union (EU) eProcurement Online System. Additionally the results obtained by the NORMAP Methodology in previous research, were used as baseline. Results show that the NERV Methodology was successful in identifying NFR, for 55 out of 57 requirements sentences that contained implicit NFR, compared to 50 for the baseline. This represented a 96.49% success rate compared to 87.71% for the baseline; an improvement of 8.78%. Furthermore the NERV Methodology was successful in eliciting 82 out of 88 NFR compared to 75 for the baseline. The elicitation success rate was 93.18% compared to 85.24% for the baseline; an improvement of 7.94%.
Agility was validated using the same data set as above. Two experiments investigated project durations measured in 2-week sprint iterations, commonly used in Scrum. Results show that the first experiment, using the "FR and NFR Simultaneous Scheme" completed all FR and NFR scope in 24 sprints. The second experiment, using the "FR First Then NFR Scheme" consumed 26 sprints. The first agile scheduling scheme delivered all scope two sprints earlier than the second scheme; representing a saving of almost one month. Validation results showed that the NERV Methodology and its artifacts can potentially be beneficial for software development organizations for eliciting, reasoning about, and validating NFR in Agile processes.
14
Bert, Emmanuel. "Dynamic urban origin-destination matrix estimation methodology /". Lausanne : EPFL, 2009. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=4417.
Abstract (sommario):
Thèse Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, no 4417 (2009), Faculté de l'environnement naturel, architectural et construit ENAC, Programme doctoral Environnement, Institut des infrastructures, des ressources et de l'environnement ICARE (Laboratoire des voies de circulation LAVOC). Dir.: André-Gilles Dumont, Edward Chung.
15
Locher, Georg. "Bioprocess automation : equipment, methodology and benefits /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1991. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9594.
16
Munk, Charles. "A methodology for designing and using a hardware system specification environment /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1309.
17
Alasonati, Enrica. "Development of a hyphenated analytical methodology for the fractionation and characterization of environmental colloids /". Lausanne : EPFL, 2009. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=4325.
Abstract (sommario):
Thèse Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, no 4325 (2009), Faculté de l'environnement naturel, architectural et construit ENAC, Programme doctoral Environnement, Institut des sciences et technologies de l'environnement ISTE (Groupe Slaveykova GR-SLV). Dir.: Vera Slaveykova-Startcheva.
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Avileis, Junior Laercio 1947. "Proposta de modelo de maturidade em gerenciamento de projetos conforme NBR ISO 21.500:2012". [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265827.
Abstract (sommario):
Orientador: Olívio NovaskiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T01:50:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AvileisJunior_Laercio_D.pdf: 3699259 bytes, checksum: f588288b9ee79b5ee76f05859f8cece9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: Propõe-se, neste trabalho, a criação de um Modelo de Maturidade em Gerenciamento de Projetos, para a norma NBR ISO 21.500:2012, que possa ser aplicado na avaliação do desempenho do gerenciamento de projetos e contribuir para o sucesso do projeto. Com tal objetivo, desenvolveu-se um questionário que contempla 39 questões associadas aos processos da norma. O questionário foi, então, submetido às empresas que faziam o gerenciamento de seus projetos de forma organizada e às empresas que tinham, como produto final, projetos. O método de pesquisa adotado foi o de estudo de campo. Ou seja, por meio de uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória e descritiva, investigou-se a importância dos processos de gerenciamento de projetos. As respostas obtidas pelo questionário foram avaliadas a partir de métodos estatísticos, a saber, a Análise de Componentes Principais e a Análise Hierárquica de Processos. Criou-se, destarte, uma parametrização que permite a pontuação por questão e que avalia o nível do gerenciamento de projetos da organização. Tais valores e critérios, por fim, servirão como referência às empresas que desejam otimizar continuamente seus processos através de avaliações sistemáticas e relatórios de lições aprendidas
Abstract: This work proposes the production of a Project Management Maturity Model for the NBR ISO 21.500:2012 standard, to be used as a tool to evaluate the project management, and thus contributing to the success of the project. For that purpose, a questionnaire was developed which includes 39 questions related to the above mentioned standard. This questionnaire was then submitted to companies that have projects as final products, and to companies that undertake project management in a systematic way. The research method consisted of an exploratory and descriptive field study through e-survey, which investigated the importance of the processes of project management. The answers were evaluated using statistical methods, namely Principal Components Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process, which set the relative weights of each process. A parameterization was created to grant a score for each question, thus assessing the performance of project management of the organization. Hence the proposed model provides scores and criteria that will enable organizations to improve their processes continuously through systematic evaluations and collections of lessons learned
Doutorado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Casi, Giulio. "Peptide bond forming reactions : from methodology to the construction of a semisynthetic enzyme /". Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=17598.
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Marquezi, Marina Chiarelli. "Comparação de metodologias para a estimativa do número mais provável (NMP) de coliformes em amostras de água". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-21102010-160234/.
Abstract (sommario):
Em quase todos os ambientes aquáticos são encontrados diversos microrganismos, entre eles alguns patogênicos ao homem, que tem como rota de transmissão o ciclo fecal-oral. Pelo fato de a água ser o alimento mais consumido pela população, ela está associada a diversos casos de doenças e de riscos à saúde pública. Assim, o controle da qualidade da água antes do seu consumo é essencial, e para a garantia de sua qualidade devem ser feitas análises que buscam indicar a contaminação por material de origem fecal. O grupo de bactérias mais usado para a determinação de contaminação fecal é o grupo coliformes totais, que tem como subgrupo os coliformes termotolerantes. A bactéria Escherichia coli é integrante do grupo coliforme termotolerante, e é a mais indicada para determinação de contaminação fecal pelo fato de estar presente em grande quantidade em fezes de humanos e animais de sangue quente. Para a análise de bactérias do grupo coliformes totais e E. coli há diversos métodos, entre eles o método convencional de fermentação em tubos múltiplos (FTM) e os métodos rápidos Colilert e Colitag. Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar estes três métodos para tais análises em amostras de água provenientes de pontos com contaminações distintas (abastecimento, bica e rio), assim como comparar as contagens encontradas de coliformes termotolerantes e E. coli pelo método FTM. Os métodos rápidos Colilert e Colitag se mostraram equivalentes ao FTM nas análises de coliformes totais em amostras de água provenientes de bica e de abastecimento, e nas análises de E. coli em amostras de água de abastecimento, da bica e do rio. Para as análises de coliformes totais em amostras de água do rio o método FTM apresentou uma diferença significativa em relação ao método Colilert e Colitag. Ambos os métodos rápidos não diferiram entre si. A diferença encontrada entre estes métodos nestas análises pode ter ocorrido devido à presença de Aeromonas nas amostras, que podem ter gerado resultados falso-positivos nos métodos rápidos, superestimando a contagem de coliformes totais; ou pela maior capacidade dos métodos rápidos em recuperar células injuriadas de coliformes totais, detectando uma quantidade maior destas bactérias. Na comparação das contagens encontradas para coliformes termotolerantes e E. coli nas mesmas amostras foi encontrada uma diferença significativa. Este resultado é explicado pelo fato de o grupo coliforme termotolerante incluir bactérias de origem não exclusivamente fecal, tais como Enterobacter e Klebsiella, o que pode superestimar a contaminação fecal da amostra. Já a E. coli tem origem exclusivamente fecal, sendo mais indicada para tal análise. Assim, como os métodos rápidos se mostraram equivalentes ao método convencional estudado, devese preferir o uso dos métodos rápidos, que dão o resultado em 24 horas, indicando a qualidade da água a tempo de evitar o uso desta pela população. Na escolha entre as bactérias do grupo coliformes termotolerantes e a E. coli para a indicação da contaminação fecal, deve-se preferir o uso da E. coli.In almost all aquatic environments are found in various microorganisms, including some pathogenic to man, which route of transmission is the fecal-oral cycle. Because the water is the food most consumed by people, it is associated with several cases of diseases and risks to public health. Thus, control of water quality prior to consumption is essential, and to guarantee its quality must be made analysis seeking to indicate contamination by fecal material of origin. The group of bacteria most commonly used for the determination of fecal contamination is the total coliform group, which has as subgroup thermotolerant coliforms. The bacterium Escherichia coli is a member of the group thermotolerant coliform, and is most suitable for determination of fecal contamination by being present in large quantities in feces of humans and warmblooded animals. For the analysis of bacteria of the group coliform and E. coli there are several methods, including the conventional method Multiple Tube Fermentation (MTF), and the rapid methods Colilert and Colitag. This study aimed to compare these three methods for analysis in water samples from different points with different contamination (supply, fountain and river) and compare the count found for thermotolerant coliform and E. coli by the method FTM. The methods Colilert, Colitag and FTM were equivalent in the analysis of total coliform in water samples from the fountain and supply, and the analysis of E. coli in samples of supply, fountain and river. For analysis of total coliform in water samples from the river, FTM method showes a significant difference compared to the methods Colilert and Colitag. Both rapid methods did not differ. The difference between these methods in these tests may be due to the presence of Aeromonas in the samples, which may have generated false-positive results in rapid methods, overestimating the total coliform count; or the largest capacity of rapid methods in recovering injured cells of coliforms, detecting a larger amount of these bacteria. Comparing the scores found for thermotolerant coliform and E. coli in the same samples was found a significant difference. This result is explained by a thermotolerant coliform group include bacteria not exclusively fecal origin, such as Klebsiella and Enterobacter, which may overestimate the faecal contamination of the sample. Since E. coli is exclusively fecal origin, being more suitable for such analysis. So, as rapid methods showed to be equivalent to the conventional method studied, one should prefer the use of rapid methods that give results in 24 hours, indicating the water quality in time to prevent its use in the population. In choosing between coliform thermotolerant bacteria and E. coli for the indication of fecal contamination, it is preferable to use E. coli.
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Semeniuk, Trudi Ann. "A new descriptive methodology and study of polymineralic fault rocks from reactivated shear zones of the Ivrea Zone, Northern Italy /". [Zürich], 2003. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15247.
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Pereira, Iran Cosme. "Modelo para integração dos sistemas de gestão da qualidade, meio ambiente, segurança, saúde ocupacional e responsabilidade social em uma empresa têxtil". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/5969.
Abstract (sommario):
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Previous issue date: 2011No atual cenário competitivo, marcado pelo crescente nível de exigência de mercado, aumento do nível de eficiência das máquinas e redução nos custos de fabricação, as indústrias precisam gerenciar seus processos produtivos e ao mesmo tempo preservar e recuperar o meio ambiente. Essas crescentes exigências promovem uma maior consciência dos gestores, que passam a compreender que o investimento em práticas sustentáveis está relacionado à sobrevivência da empresa. Essa contínua preocupação das organizações com esse panorama demonstra essa necessidade de melhoria principalmente do ramo têxtil, que ainda atua nos seus negócios com modelos administrativos ultrapassados, atuando de forma reativa e apresentando uma necessidade de incorporar aos seus modelos produtivos e administrativos uma gestão mais eficaz dos seus processos. Neste sentido, como forma de estabelecimento de uma cultura voltada às práticas de gestão sistematizadas, é proposto nesta dissertação, um modelo para a integração dos sistemas de gestão da qualidade, meio ambiente, segurança, saúde ocupacional e responsabilidade social. Para isto, foi adotada a Soft Systems Methodology, proposta por Checkland. Os resultados obtidos permitiram efetuar o diagnóstico obtido a partir da aplicação da análise do campo de forças para a implantação do Sistema Integrado de Gestão proposto, deixando claro quais as forças restritivas e impulsionadoras ao sistema, devem ser equilibradas antes de iniciar a sua implantação
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Silva, Osvaldo Cirilo da. "Processo de fabricação de comprimidos de lamivudina e zidovudina (150+300mg): avaliação retrospectiva da variabilidade e desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica por espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo com transformada de Fourier (FT-NIR) aplicada a avaliação da homogeneidade da mistura de pós". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-29012019-155121/.
Abstract (sommario):
O uso de ferramentas estatísticas no ciclo de vida de um produto farmacêutico permite verificar e controlar o processo tendo como objetivo a sua melhoria contínua. No presente estudo foi avaliada a estabilidade e a capacidade estatística do processo de fabricação dos comprimidos revestidos de lamivudina 3TC e zidovudina AZT (150 + 300 mg) fabricados pela Fundação para o Remédio Popular \"Chopin Tavares de Lima\" (FURP). Esse medicamento, distribuido gratuitamente pelo programa DST/AIDS do Ministério da Saúde, e fabricado por compressão direta, processo rápido que permite a implementação futura da tecnologia analítica de processo (Process Analytical Technology - PAT). No Capítulo I foi realizada avaliação retrospectiva da variabilidade de atributos criticos da qualidade de 529 lotes dos comprimidos fabricados de acordo com a RDC ANVISA 17/2010 e as monografias oficiais, sendo tais atributos: peso médio, uniformidade de dose unitária e % m/v de fármaco dissolvido, antes e após o revestimento. O objetivo foi identificar eventuais causas especiais de variabilidade dos processos que permitam melhorias contínuas. No Capitulo II foi desenvolvida metodologia analítica empregando a espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo com transformada de Fourier para a avaliação da homogeneidade da mistura dos pós. Nesse estudo foram analisadas amostras de misturas dos fármacos lamivudina 3TC e zidovudina AZT e mistura excipiente, empregando como método de referência a CLAE, para a quantificação desses dois fármacos. No Capitulo I, a avaliação do processo para o peso médio revelou a necessidade de investigação das causa especiais de variabilidade, evidenciada por meio das cartas de controle. Os resultados do ano de 2015 indicaram necessidade de centralização e de consistência do processo, com redução de probabilidade de falha. As cartas de controle para uniformidade de dose unitária, no ano de 2013, revelaram menor variabilidade do processo. Porem, nesse ano, a análise estatística para a dissolução revelou processo descentralizado e sem consistência, com maior evidência para o fármaco 3TC que demonstrou menor desempenho, Cpk<1,0. A avaliação da estabilidade e da capacidade do processo de fabricação de comprimidos de lamivudina + zidovudina (150+300 mg), no período de 2012 a 2015, permitiu o maior entendimento de suas fontes de variação. Foi possível detectar e determinar o grau dessa variação e seu impacto no processo e nos atributos críticos de qualidade do produto com evidentes oportunidades de melhoria do processo, reduzindo os riscos para o paciente. No capítulo II, no desenvolvimento do método, as estatísticas de validação revelaram que os menores valores de BIAS foram observados para a 3TC, 0,000116 e 0,0021, respectivamente para validação cruzada e validação. Os valores de BIAS próximos a zero indicaram reduzida porcentagem de variabilidade do método. O presente estudo demonstrou a viabilidade do uso do modelo desenvolvido para a quantificação da 3TC e AZT por FT-NIR apos ajustes que contribuam para a elevação de R, R2 e RPD para valores aceitáveis. Valores de RPD acima de 5,0 que permitem o uso do modelo para uso em controle de qualidade.The use of statistical tools in the life cycle of a pharmaceutical product allows verifying and controlling the process aiming at its continuous improvement. In the present study, the stability and statistical capacity of the lamivudine coated tablets 3TC and zidovudine AZT (150 + 300 mg) manufactured by the Chopin Tavares de Lima Foundation (FURP) were evaluated. This drug, distributed free of charge by the Ministry of Health\'s DST/AIDS program, is manufactured by direct compression, a rapid process that allows the future implementation of Process Analytical Technology (PAT). In Chapter I, a retrospective evaluation of the variability of critical quality attributes of 529 batches of tablets manufactured was carried out, such attributes being: mean weight, unit dose uniformity and % m/v of dissolved drug substances, before and after coating. The objective was to identify possible special causes of variability of the processes that allow continuous improvements. In Chapter II an analytical methodology was developed employing the near infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform for the evaluation of the homogeneity of the powder mixture. In this study, samples of mixtures of the drugs lamivudine 3TC and zidovudine AZT and excipient mixture were analyzed, using as reference method the HPLC, for the quantification of these two drugs. In Chapter I, the evaluation of the process for the mean weight revealed the need to investigate the special cause of variability, as evidenced by the charts. The results of the year 2015 indicated the need for centralization and process consistency, with a reduction in the probability of failure. The control charts for unit dose uniformity, in the year 2013, revealed less process variability. However, in that year, the statistical analysis for dissolution revealed a decentralized process with no consistency, with greater evidence for the 3TC drug that showed lower performance, Cpk<1.0. The evaluation of the stability and capacity of the lamivudine + zidovudine tablet manufacturing process (150 + 300 mg) in the period from 2012 to 2015 allowed a better understanding of its sources of variation. It was possible to detect and determine the degree of this variation and its impact on the process and the critical quality attributes of the product with evident opportunities to improve the process, reducing risks for the patient. In Chapter II, in the development of the method, the validation revealed that the lowest values of BIAS were observed for 3TC, 0.000116 and 0.0021, respectively for cross validation and validation. BIAS values close to zero indicated a reduced percentage of variability of the method. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of using the model developed for the quantification of 3TC and AZT by FT-NIR after adjustments that contribute to the elevation of R, R2 and RPD to acceptable values. RPD values above 5.0 that allow the use of the model for use in quality control.
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Arya, Neeru. "Development of Novel NMR Methodology and Investigation of Challenging Chemical Problems". Thesis, 2020. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4688.
Abstract (sommario):
The thesis is entitled as "Development of Novel NMR Methodology and Investigation of Challenging Chemical Problems ". The research work reported in this thesis is mainly carried out in two directions. The initial focus being the design of new pulse sequence by manipulating the spin dynamics to precisely measure the scalar couplings of the selected proton from the complex NMR spectrum. The developed novel pulse sequence efficiently suppresses the evolution of unwanted couplings and eradicates the uninformative intense axial peaks that are inherent in the selective refocusing experiments, thereby yielding the clean spectrum devoid of any type of artefacts. In the other part, the one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopic has been extensively employed to address challenging and interesting chemical problems, such as, chiral analysis where a new ternary ion-pair protocol has been developed for the spectroscopic configurational assignment of various chiral acids and esters, and the two- and three-centered hydrogen bonding interactions in molecules of pharmacological importance. It has been indubitably established that the strength of intramolecular hydrogen bond is controlling the conformational populations in one set of the investigated molecules and the geometrical constraints in addition to the cooperativity between the individual hydrogen bonds of another set of bifurcated molecules imparts full rigidification to the molecular structure making the system relatively very stable and hindering the breaking of hydrogen bond by even the high polarity solvent DMSO.
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Parish, David Michael. "Development and application of methodology for rapid NMR data collection and protein structure determination". 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1542146751&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=39334&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2008.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 4, 2008) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Szyperski, Thomas A. Includes bibliographical references.
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Carneiro, Marta. "Functional dynamics of the anti-HIV lectin OAA and NMR methodology for the study of protein dynamics". Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-86A9-F.
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Linser, Rasmus Jan [Verfasser]. "Development and application of new methodology for 1H-detected MAS solid-state NMR on biomolecules / Rasmus Jan Linser". 2010. http://d-nb.info/101022221X/34.
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(7552283), L. Liu. "New syntheses of protoberberines: Cycloaddition and carbanionic methodology leading to the production of highly enantioselective products". Thesis, 1997. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/New_syntheses_of_Protoberberines_Cycloaddition_and_carbanionic_methodology_leading_to_the_production_of_highly_enantioselective_products/13425983.
Abstract (sommario):
New synthetic methods are explored for the synthesis of protoberberines using carbanionimine (CAI) cycloaddition, aza Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition.. Protoberberine alkaloids are widely distributed in numerous plant families, and commonly found as active components in many folklore medicines in Asia, Europe and North America. Due to their broad diversity of biological activities, there are great efforts about chemical, biogenetic and enzymatic synthesis, transformation, pharmacology, and culture development studies of these alkaloids. In this thesis, new synthetic methods are explored for the synthesis of protoberberines using the following approaches a) carbanionimine (CAI) cycloaddition, b) aza Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition. The structure elucidation of products using various analytical techniques, such as IR, UV-vis., MS, NMR and X-ray, are broadly discussed. Detailed stereostructure and conformation analysis have been studied using various one and two dimensional NMR techniques, which show great advantage for structure analysis in the liquid state, and give the consistent conclusion as the solid state structure as determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The carbanion-cyclic imine approach has been most successful in the synthesis of protoberberines, which contain a four-ring system (ABCD). Cycloaddition of 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (DHIQ, eg A-I) with phthalide anion (eg A-2) gives stereo and regia selective 13-hydroxy protoberberines (eg A-3) with single diastereomers observed and isolated, which are transformed to various functionalised derivatives. The novel reaction of 3-methoxyphthalide anion (A-4) with DHIQ, where a 2+1 adduct (A-6) is formed, is broadly studied. The mechanisms are studied in details and highly suggestive via tandem nucleophilic condensation of the anion, in which the 8,13-dioxo intermediate (eg A-5) plays an important role. The geometry change due to the replace of angular 13a-H with methyl group accounts for the different facial selectivity of 13-keto to nucleophiles in A-5a A-5b. These are supported by theoretical AMl calculation and Surface Probe Analysis on model compounds (A-8). The phthalide anion-acyclic imine approach has been used to provide open chain products (eg A-10 and A-11). NMR and AMl calculation prove trans stereochemistry of major isomers (eg A-10). The conclusion is in contrast to previous assignments by MacLean, Cushman, and Prager on similar compounds. The direct asymmetric synthesis is also explored by using a chiral o-toluamide anion (eg A-12) instead of a phthalide counterpart. A series of chiral amine auxiliary agents have been studied and the tertiary o-toluamide with a bulky cyclohexyl group in addition to the chiral substituent on the amide nitrogen atom (A-12) gives the highest enantioselectivity (>96% ee). This approach established a new, fast entry to both enantiomers of protoberberines and exhibits predictable regiochemistry. This is an obvious advantage in all anion-imine cycloaddition reactions in our study and others. DA methodology is also studied, however only the reaction between DHIQ (AB synthon) and phthalazine (A-14, CD synthon) works. This reaction is the first example of aza DA reaction with phthalazine as an aza diene with an aza dienophile. The other AB+CD approaches with DHIQ (AB) as dienophile allowed to react with different dienes (CD), such as isobenzofuran and cyclopentadienone, do not give any adducts under thermal, Lewis acid catalyst or high pressure conditions. While the first step of an AB+C+D approach which involves sequential DA reaction of DHIQ with s-tetrazine (A-16) was successful, the second step involving benzyne or cyclic enamine cycloaddition failed.
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Williams, Justin A. "Biophysical studies of cholesterol in unsaturated phospholipid model membranes". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5067.
Abstract (sommario):
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Cellular membranes contain a staggering diversity of lipids. The lipids are heterogeneously distr ibuted to create regions, or domains, whose physical properties differ from the bulk membrane and play an essential role in modulating the function of resident proteins. Many basic questions pertaining to the formation of these lateral assemblies remain. T his research employs model membranes of well - defined composition to focus on the potential role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their interaction with cholesterol (chol) in restructuring the membrane environment. Omega - 3 (n - 3) PUFAs are the main bioactive components of fish oil, whose consumption alleviates a variety of health problems by a molecular mechanism that is unclear. We hypothesize that the incorporation of PUFAs into membrane lipids and the effect they have on molecular organization may be, in part, responsible. Chol is a major constituent in the plasma membrane of mammals. It determines the arrangement and collective properties of neighboring lipids, driving the formation of domains via differential affinity for different lipids . T he m olecular organization of 1 -[ 2 H 31 ]palmitoyl -2- eicosapentaenoylphosphatidylcholine (PEPC - d 31 ) and 1 -[ 2 H 31 ]palmitoyl -2- docosahexaenoylphosphatidylcholine (PDPC -d 31 ) in membran es with sphingomyelin (SM) and chol (1:1:1 mol) was compared by solid - state 2 H NMR spectroscopy. Eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids are the two major n - 3 PUFAs found in fish oil, while PEPC -d 31 and PDPC -d 31 are phospholipids containing the respective PUFAs at the sn - 2 position and a perdeuterated palmitic acid a t the sn - 1 position . Analysis of s pectra recorded as a function of temperature indicate s that in both cases, formation of PUFA - rich (less ordered) and SM - rich (more ordered) domains occurred. A surprisingly substantial proportion of PUFA was found to infil trate the more ordered domain. There was almost twice as much DHA (65%) as EPA (30%) . The implication is that n - 3 PUFA s can incorporate into lipid rafts, which are domains enriched in SM and chol in the plasma membrane, and potentially disrupt the activity of signaling proteins that reside therein. DHA, furthermore, may be the more potent component of fish oil. PUFA - chol interactions were also examined through affinity measurements. A novel method utilizing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was develope d, to monitor the partitioning of a spin - labeled analog of chol , 3β - doxyl - 5α - cholestane (chlstn), between large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) and met hyl - β - cyclodextrin (mβCD). The EPR spectra for chlstn in the two environments are distinguishable due to the substantial differences in tumbling rates , allowing the population distribution ratio to be determined by spectral simulation. Advantages of this approach include speed of implementation and a vo idance of potential artifact s associated with physical separation of LUV and mβCD . Additionally, in a check of the method, t he relative partition coefficients between lipids measured for the spin label analog agree with values obtained for chol by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Results from LUV with different composition confirmed a hierarchy of decreased sterol affinity for phospholipids with increasing acyl chain unsaturation , PDPC possessing half the affinity of the corresponding monounsaturated phospholipid. Taken together, the results of these studies on model membranes demonstrate the potential for PUFA - driven alteration of the architecture of biomembranes, a mechanism through which human health may be impacted.
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Long, Jeremy. "Simulating visual systems using NPR techniques: methodology, framework, and case studies". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3887.
Abstract (sommario):
In this dissertation I examine how research in non-photorealistic rendering, human
perception, and game-based learning can be combined to produce illustrative simulations of different visual systems that effectively convey information about vision to unprimed observers. The Visual Differences Simulation (VDS) methodology and framework that I propose is capable of producing simulations of animal visual systems based on how they relate to human vision, and can represent differences in color vision, hyperspectral sensitivity, visual acuity, light sensitivity, field of view, motion sensitivity, and eye construction. The simulations produced by the VDS framework
run in real time, allowing users to explore computer-generated environments from `behind the eyes' of an animal in an interactive and immersive manner. I also examine how cognitive principles and game-based learning can be leveraged to demonstrate and enhance the educational impact of the simulations produced by the VDS framework. Two case studies are presented, where simulations of the cat and the bee visual systems are used as the basis to design educational games, and are evaluated to show that embedding the simulations in educational games is an effective and engaging way to convey information about vision to unprimed observers.Graduate
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Klein, Markus Sebastian. ""Dies ist deutsche Literatur, nur ohne Komma und Punkt" - Entwicklung, Methodologie und Analyse von Deutschrap". Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6228.
Abstract (sommario):
As the most recent manifestation of youth culture, hip hop culture, including rap music, has attracted attention from scholars in a broad range of fields. Most of this work, however, has originated from the English-speaking world, and focuses primarily on cultural aspects. Very little analysis of rap music texts has been performed by scholars of German literature; Severin Peters’ Romantische Lyrik und Rap-Texte als Ausdruck „progressiver Universalpoesie” (F. Schlegel) – Ein Vergleich is one of the few exceptions. Peters claims that this apparent neglect results from a lack of knowledge in the field. This thesis attempts to fill that gap.
The first part of the thesis presents a brief history of the development of German rap music in three major phases: in the first (1983-1992), German rappers had to adapt the US style to different local circumstances to achieve the attempted authenticity. In the second phase (1992-2000), artists and fans formed a collective identity by exchanging knowledge at “jams,” often staged at local youth centres. This travelling among different local scenes led to the beginnings of a nation-wide German rap scene. In the third phase (2000 to the present), increasing commercialisation has helped hip hop culture and rap music become more widespread. Rather than retaining a simple collective identity, however, individual artists have become more important, and the scene is highly differentiated both regionally and in terms of commercial vs. political orientations. The development of rap music in Germany can be compared to the development from modernist to postmodernist culture: from avant-garde artists who began rapping in German and led the way for a collective youth culture, to the differentiated and more individualistic aspects of art in postmodernity and contemporary rap in Germany.
The second part of the thesis presents a methodology for interpreting German rap music, based on Horst Frank’s traditional lyrical analysis. Aspects of German rap that need to be considered in such an analysis are pointed out, using examples from the rap song “Da läuft was schief” (Blumentopf).
On the basis of this methodology, three contemporary German rap texts are analyzed in the third part of the thesis. The artists selected vary in style, approach and renown, to offer a representative assortment in the limited framework of the thesis. The analysis of “Rechte Dritter” (Eins Zwo) discusses the use of quotations by both DJ and rapper in order to demonstrate some of the aesthetic possibilities of rap music. “Viele Bars Parkbankblues” (Purkwa) deals with individualistic problems within the context of a pre-determined life. “3 Minuten” (Prinz Pi) uses media-images that describe youth and forms them into a critique of both media and contemporary society. All three texts vary in style as well as in content.
The thesis concludes by pointing out the possibilities for German scholars to interpret contemporary German rap music. Rap is an art form with more than twenty years of history, and it deals with the problems of contemporary society. Since its texts can also be analysed in the same manner as a poem, the aesthetic qualities of the art form are obvious. This thesis aims to provide methods to analyse rap in order to point out both its importance and its potential for further studies.
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"Experiência of a software methodology in the rio". Tese, MAXWELL, 1993. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=8788:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
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"Methodology systems for peak capacity expansion of interconnected hydroelectric". Tese, MAXWELL, 1991. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=9276:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
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"Methodology for implementation and operation planning of mobile cellular systems". Tese, MAXWELL, 2001. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=2158:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
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"Assessing undiscovered oil and gas resources: methodology and elicitation of subjective information". Tese, MAXWELL, 2006. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=9219:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
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"An alternative methodology for the seismic structural analysis of thermo-nuclear power plants". Tese, MAXWELL, 1999. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=1265:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
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"Estimation of the family consumption for national accounts - the proposition of a methodology". Tese, MAXWELL, 2001. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=1728:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
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"Behavioral finance and box and jenkins methodology: an application on the brazilian market". Tese, MAXWELL, 2006. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=8764:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
39
"Modeling and forecast of the recoverable oil volume: methodology and application in brazilian basins". Tese, MAXWELL, 2006. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=9628:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
40
"Economic regulation in the brazilian electric power supply sector: a methodology for defining production efficiency frontier and estimating the x-factor". Tese, MAXWELL, 2004. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=5566:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.