Articoli di riviste: "Nitrogen cycle"

1

Ferguson, Stuart J. "Nitrogen cycle enzymology". Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2, n. 2 (aprile 1998): 182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1367-5931(98)80059-8.

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Rosca, Victor, Matteo Duca, Matheus T. de Groot e Marc T. M. Koper. "Nitrogen Cycle Electrocatalysis". Chemical Reviews 109, n. 6 (10 giugno 2009): 2209–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr8003696.

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Stein, Lisa Y., e Martin G. Klotz. "The nitrogen cycle". Current Biology 26, n. 3 (febbraio 2016): R94—R98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.021.

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4

Fisher, Thomas R. "The Marine Nitrogen Cycle". Ecology 66, n. 1 (febbraio 1985): 316–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1941341.

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5

Crossman, Lisa, e Nicholas Thomson. "Peddling the nitrogen cycle". Nature Reviews Microbiology 4, n. 7 (luglio 2006): 494–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1456.

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6

Doane, Timothy A. "The Abiotic Nitrogen Cycle". ACS Earth and Space Chemistry 1, n. 7 (16 agosto 2017): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00059.

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7

Capone, Douglas G. "The Marine Nitrogen Cycle". Microbe Magazine 3, n. 4 (1 aprile 2008): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/microbe.3.186.1.

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Jetten, Mike S. M. "The microbial nitrogen cycle". Environmental Microbiology 10, n. 11 (novembre 2008): 2903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2008.01786.x.

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9

Cavigelli, Michel A. "Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle". Ecology 86, n. 9 (settembre 2005): 2548–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2005)86[2548:aatnc]2.0.co;2.

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10

Capone, Douglas G., e Angela N. Knapp. "A marine nitrogen cycle fix?" Nature 445, n. 7124 (gennaio 2007): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/445159a.

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11

Stein, Lisa Y. "Cyanate fuels the nitrogen cycle". Nature 524, n. 7563 (29 luglio 2015): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14639.

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12

Powlson, D. S. "Understanding the soil nitrogen cycle". Soil Use and Management 9, n. 3 (settembre 1993): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1993.tb00935.x.

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Clough, T. J. "Agriculture and the Nitrogen Cycle". Journal of Environmental Quality 34, n. 5 (settembre 2005): 1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0009br.

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14

WATANABE, Iwao. "Nitrogen cycle in paddy fields." Kagaku To Seibutsu 24, n. 3 (1986): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.24.163.

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15

Blackburn, T. Henry. "Nitrogen cycle in marine sediments". Ophelia 26, n. 1 (31 dicembre 1986): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1986.10421979.

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16

Grzebisz, Witold, e Alicja Niewiadomska. "Nitrogen Cycle in Farming Systems". Agronomy 14, n. 1 (29 dicembre 2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010089.

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17

Jones, Karen Gay Cronquist. "Nitrogen fixation as a control in the nitrogen cycle". Journal of Theoretical Biology 112, n. 2 (gennaio 1985): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5193(85)80290-3.

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18

Takai, Ken. "The Nitrogen Cycle: A Large, Fast, and Mystifying Cycle". Microbes and Environments 34, n. 3 (2019): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1264/jsme2.me3403rh.

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19

Landolfi, A., H. Dietze, W. Koeve e A. Oschlies. "Overlooked runaway feedback in the marine nitrogen cycle: the vicious cycle". Biogeosciences Discussions 9, n. 7 (23 luglio 2012): 8905–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-8905-2012.

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Abstract. The marine nitrogen (N) inventory is controlled by the interplay of nitrogen loss processes, here referred to as denitrification, and nitrogen source processes, primarily nitrogen fixation. The apparent stability of the marine N inventory on time scales longer than the estimated N residence time, suggests some intimate balance between N sinks and sources. Such a balance may be perceived easier to achieve when N sinks and sources occur in close spatial proximity, and some studies have interpreted observational evidence for such a proximity as indication for a stabilizing feedback processes. Using a biogeochemical ocean circulation model, we here show instead that a close spatial association of N2 fixation and denitrification can, in fact, trigger destabilizing feedbacks on the N inventory and, because of stoichiometric constrains, lead to net N losses. Contrary to current notion, a balanced N inventory requires a regional separation of N sources and sinks. This can be brought about by factors that reduce the growth of diazotrophs, such as iron, or by factors that affect the fate of the fixed nitrogen remineralization, such as dissolved organic matter dynamics. In light of our findings we suggest that spatial arrangements of N sinks and sources have to be accounted for in addition to individual rate estimates for reconstructing past, evaluating present and predicting future marine N inventory imbalances.

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Monib, Abdul Wahid, Parwiz Niazi, Shah Mahmood Barai, Barbara Sawicka, Abdul Qadeer Baseer, Amin Nikpay, Safa Mahmoud Saleem Fahmawi, Deepti Singh, Mirwais Alikhail e Berthin Thea. "Nitrogen Cycling Dynamics: Investigating Volatilization and its Interplay with N2 Fixation". Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2024): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.1.4.

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The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems, the conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes. Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification. The majority of Earth's atmosphere (78%) is atmospheric nitrogen, making it the largest source of nitrogen. However, atmospheric nitrogen has limited availability for biological use, leading to a scarcity of usable nitrogen in many types of ecosystems. The nitrogen cycle is of particular interest to ecologists because nitrogen availability can affect the rate of key ecosystem processes, including primary production and decomposition. Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion, use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers, and release of nitrogen in wastewater have dramatically altered the global nitrogen cycle. Human modification of the global nitrogen cycle can negatively affect the natural environment system and also human health. Volatilization and its Relationship to N2 fascination in Nitrogen Cycle in agriculture field is discuss in this paper.

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21

Casciotti, Karen L. "Nitrogen and Oxygen Isotopic Studies of the Marine Nitrogen Cycle". Annual Review of Marine Science 8, n. 1 (3 gennaio 2016): 379–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135052.

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22

Jetten, Mike S. M., Markus Schmid, Ingo Schmidt, Mariska Wubben, Udo van Dongen, Wiebe Abma, Olav Sliekers et al. "Improved nitrogen removal by application of new nitrogen-cycle bacteria". Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 1, n. 1 (marzo 2002): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1015191724542.

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23

Gundersen, Per. "Nitrogen deposition and the forest nitrogen cycle: role of denitrification". Forest Ecology and Management 44, n. 1 (ottobre 1991): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(91)90194-z.

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24

Tedengren, Michael. "Eutrophication and the disrupted nitrogen cycle". Ambio 50, n. 4 (3 febbraio 2021): 733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01466-x.

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25

Lehnert, Nicolai, Bradley W. Musselman e Lance C. Seefeldt. "Grand challenges in the nitrogen cycle". Chemical Society Reviews 50, n. 6 (2021): 3640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cs00923g.

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In this Viewpoint, we address limitations within our current understanding of the complex chemistry of the enzymes in the Nitrogen Cycle. Understanding of these chemical processes plays a key role in limiting anthropogenic effects on our environment.

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26

Marrs, R. H., e J. I. Sprent. "The Ecology of the Nitrogen Cycle." Journal of Applied Ecology 25, n. 3 (dicembre 1988): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403775.

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27

Grimm, Nancy B. "Autecological Approach to the Nitrogen Cycle". Ecology 70, n. 1 (febbraio 1989): 294–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1938448.

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28

Clough, Tim J., e Leo M. Condron. "Biochar and the Nitrogen Cycle: Introduction". Journal of Environmental Quality 39, n. 4 (luglio 2010): 1218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0204.

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29

Raun, William R., Gordon V. Johnson, Jeffory A. Hattey, Shannon L. Taylor e Heather L. Lees. "Nitrogen Cycle Ninja, A Teaching Exercise". Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 26, n. 1 (marzo 1997): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.1997.0039.

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30

Zheng, Xunhua, Congbin Fu, Xingkai Xu, Xiaodong Yan, Yao Huang, Shenghui Han, Fei Hu e Guanxiong Chen. "The Asian Nitrogen Cycle Case Study". AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 31, n. 2 (marzo 2002): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-31.2.79.

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31

Sheudzen, Askhad, e Maksim Perepelin. "NITROGEN AND ITS CYCLE IN NATURE". RICE GROWING 53, n. 4 (2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33775/1684-2464-2021-53-4-86-92.

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32

Singh, Prikhshayat, P. A. Kumar, Y. P. Abrol e M. S. Naik. "Photorespiratory nitrogen cycle - A critical evaluation". Physiologia Plantarum 66, n. 1 (gennaio 1986): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb01252.x.

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33

Ward, Bess, Douglas Capone e Jonathan Zehr. "What's New in the Nitrogen Cycle?" Oceanography 20, n. 2 (1 giugno 2007): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2007.53.

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34

Chapin III, F. Stuart. "New cog in the nitrogen cycle". Nature 377, n. 6546 (settembre 1995): 199–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377199a0.

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35

Smil, Vaclav. "Global Population and the Nitrogen Cycle". Scientific American 277, n. 1 (luglio 1997): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0797-76.

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36

Kmeť, T. "Model of the nitrogen transformation cycle". Mathematical and Computer Modelling 44, n. 1-2 (luglio 2006): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2005.11.004.

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37

Bunt, J. S. "The ecology of the nitrogen cycle". Aquatic Botany 32, n. 4 (dicembre 1988): 401–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(88)90112-x.

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38

YAMAYA, Tomoyuki. "Photorespiratory nitrogen cycle in plant leaves." Kagaku To Seibutsu 26, n. 12 (1988): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.26.813.

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39

Tian, Zhiyong, Dong Li, Junliang Liu, Jie Zhang, Christal Banks e Gang Chen. "An environmental perspective of nitrogen cycle". International Journal of Global Environmental Issues 9, n. 3 (2009): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgenvi.2009.026942.

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40

Kinzig, Ann P., e Robert H. Socolow. "Human Impacts on the Nitrogen Cycle". Physics Today 47, n. 11 (novembre 1994): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.881423.

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41

Meijer, A. J., W. H. Lamers e R. A. Chamuleau. "Nitrogen metabolism and ornithine cycle function". Physiological Reviews 70, n. 3 (1 luglio 1990): 701–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1990.70.3.701.

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42

Moomaw, William R., e Melissa B. L. Birch. "Cascading costs: An economic nitrogen cycle". Science in China Series C Life Sciences 48, S2 (settembre 2005): 678–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03187109.

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43

Zheng, Xiangzhou, Chenyi Zou, Yasa Wang, Shuping Qin, Hong Ding e Yushu Zhang. "Herbicide Applications Reduce Gaseous N Losses: A Field Study of Three Consecutive Wheat–Maize Rotation Cycles in the North China Plain". Agronomy 14, n. 2 (27 gennaio 2024): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14020283.

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Herbicide residues in farmland soils have attracted a great deal of attention in recent decades. Their accumulation potentially decreases the activity of microbes and related enzymes, as well as disturbs the nitrogen cycle in farmland soils. In previous studies, the influence of natural factors or nitrogen fertilization on the soil nitrogen cycle have frequently been examined, but the role of herbicides has been ignored. This study was conducted to examine the effects of herbicides on NH3 volatilization- and denitrification-related nitrogen loss through three rotation cycles from 2013 to 2016. The four treatments included no urea fertilizer (CK), urea (CN), urea+acetochlor-fenoxaprop-ethyl (AC-FE), and urea+2,4D-dicamba (2,4D-DI) approaches. The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the nitrogen losses from ammonia volatilization and denitrification in the soil. Ammonia volatilization was the main reason for the gaseous loss of urea nitrogen in a wheat–maize rotation system in the North China Plain (NCP), which was significantly higher than the denitrification loss. In the CK treatment, the cumulative nitrogen losses from ammonia volatilization and denitrification during the three crop rotation cycles were 66.64 kg N hm−2 and 8.07 kg N hm−2, respectively. Compared with CK, the nitrogen losses from ammonia volatilization and denitrification under the CN treatment increased 52.62% and 152.88%, respectively. The application of AC-FE and 2,4D-DI significantly reduced the nitrogen gas losses from the ammonia volatilization and denitrification in the soil. Ammonia volatilization reduction mainly occurred during the maize season, and the inhibition rates of AC-FE and 2,4D-DI were 7.72% and 11.80%, respectively, when compared with CN. From the perspective of the entire wheat–maize rotation cycle, the inhibition rates were 5.41% and 7.23% over three years, respectively. Denitrification reduction also mainly occurred in the maize season, with the inhibition rates of AC-FE and 2,4D-DI being 34.12% and 30.94%, respectively, when compared with CN. From the perspective of the entire wheat–maize rotation cycle, the inhibition rates were 28.39% and 28.58% over three years, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrates that herbicides could impact the nitrogen cycle of farmland soil ecosystems via the suppression of ammonia volatilization and denitrification rates, thus reducing gaseous N losses and mitigating global climate change.

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Landolfi, A., H. Dietze, W. Koeve e A. Oschlies. "Overlooked runaway feedback in the marine nitrogen cycle: the vicious cycle". Biogeosciences 10, n. 3 (1 marzo 2013): 1351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1351-2013.

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Abstract. The marine nitrogen (N) inventory is thought to be stabilized by negative feedback mechanisms that reduce N inventory excursions relative to the more slowly overturning phosphorus inventory. Using a global biogeochemical ocean circulation model we show that negative feedbacks stabilizing the N inventory cannot persist if a close spatial association of N2 fixation and denitrification occurs. In our idealized model experiments, nitrogen deficient waters, generated by denitrification, stimulate local N2 fixation activity. But, because of stoichiometric constraints, the denitrification of newly fixed nitrogen leads to a net loss of N. This can enhance the N deficit, thereby triggering additional fixation in a vicious cycle, ultimately leading to a runaway N loss. To break this vicious cycle, and allow for stabilizing negative feedbacks to occur, inputs of new N need to be spatially decoupled from denitrification. Our idealized model experiments suggest that factors such as iron limitation or dissolved organic matter cycling can promote such decoupling and allow for negative feedbacks that stabilize the N inventory. Conversely, close spatial co-location of N2 fixation and denitrification could lead to net N loss.

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45

Ibrahim, Ahmed, Rawia El-Motaium, Ayman Shaban e ElSayed Badawy. "Estimation of nitrogen use efficiency by mango seedlings under nano and convention calcium fertilization using the enriched stable isotope (N-15)". Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 10, n. 2 (30 aprile 2022): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18006/2022.10(2).379.386.

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of nano-Ca fertilizer on nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and determine the best calcium form and dose for mango. A pot experiment was conducted using two year old mango seedlings (cv. Zebda). The pots were filled with sandy soil (8 kg per pot) and one seedling was transplanted into each pot. Four treatments including nano-Ca, convention Ca, soil application and foliar application have been formulated. Calcium was applied as CaO for both the convention and nanoforms. The enriched (15NH4)2SO4 was applied at a rate of (5g per pot). Plants were harvested at the end of the fall, spring, and summer growth cycles and dried at 70 oC. The dried plant is used for making fine powder and to determine total nitrogen, calcium, and %15N atom excess. Results of the study revealed that in all growth cycles, the 15N translocation was higher under foliar nano-Ca treatment than under convention Ca at a 100% rate. The highest uptake, translocation, and nitrogen use efficiency were observed at 50% (250 mg. L-1) foliar nano-Ca treatment in all cycles. In the Fall growth cycle, the values for nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency at 50% nano-Ca rate was 81.8%, while it recorded 64.9% for 25% rate and 51.2% for 100% rate. Calcium concentration, in shoot and roots, was also higher under nano-calcium (for fall cycle = 3.0 for the shoot and 2.8 for root) than the convention calcium (for fall cycle = 2.7% for the shoot and 2.2 for root) for all cycles. The summer growth cycle recorded the highest total biomass under all treatments compared with the fall or spring growth cycles. Allocation of biomass to the shoot was also reported higher under nano-Ca foliar application than that of soil application in all cycles. The best treatment is 50% (250 mg.L-1) foliar nano-Ca as it resulted in the highest N-15 uptake, translocation, and nitrogen use efficiency. Nano calcium proves to be more efficient as fertilizer than conventional calcium.

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46

Martínez-Espinosa, Rosa María, Jeffrey A. Cole, David J. Richardson e Nicholas J. Watmough. "Enzymology and ecology of the nitrogen cycle". Biochemical Society Transactions 39, n. 1 (19 gennaio 2011): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0390175.

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The nitrogen cycle describes the processes through which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. These transformations involve both biological and abiotic redox processes. The principal processes involved in the nitrogen cycle are nitrogen fixation, nitrification, nitrate assimilation, respiratory reduction of nitrate to ammonia, anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) and denitrification. All of these are carried out by micro-organisms, including bacteria, archaea and some specialized fungi. In the present article, we provide a brief introduction to both the biochemical and ecological aspects of these processes and consider how human activity over the last 100 years has changed the historic balance of the global nitrogen cycle.

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47

Arnaiz-del-Pozo, Carlos, Ignacio López-Paniagua, Alberto López-Grande e Celina González-Fernández. "Optimum Expanded Fraction for an Industrial, Collins-Based Nitrogen Liquefaction Cycle". Entropy 22, n. 9 (30 agosto 2020): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22090959.

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Industrial nitrogen liquefaction cycles are based on the Collins topology but integrate variations. Several pressure levels with liquefaction to medium pressure and compressor–expander sets are common. The cycle must be designed aiming to minimise specific power consumption rather than to maximise liquid yield. For these reasons, conclusions of general studies cannot be extrapolated directly. This article calculates the optimal share of total compressed flow to be expanded in an industrial Collins-based cycle for nitrogen liquefaction. Simulations in Unisim Design R451 using Peng Robinson EOS for nitrogen resulted in 88% expanded flow, which is greater than the 75–80% for conventional Collins cycles with helium or other substances. Optimum specific compression work resulted 430.7 kWh/ton of liquid nitrogen. For some operating conditions, the relation between liquid yield and specific power consumption was counterintuitive: larger yield entailed larger consumption. Exergy analysis showed 40.3% exergy efficiency of the optimised process. The exergy destruction distribution and exergy flow across the cycle is provided. Approximately 40% of the 59.7% exergy destruction takes place in the cooling after compression. This exergy could be used for secondary applications such as industrial heating, energy storage or for lower temperature applications as heat conditioning.

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48

Lanyon, L. E. "Does Nitrogen Cycle?: Changes in the Spatial Dynamics of Nitrogen with Industrial Nitrogen Fixation". Journal of Production Agriculture 8, n. 1 (gennaio 1995): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jpa1995.0070.

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49

Corre, Marife D., Friedrich O. Beese e Rainer Brumme. "SOIL NITROGEN CYCLE IN HIGH NITROGEN DEPOSITION FOREST: CHANGES UNDER NITROGEN SATURATION AND LIMING". Ecological Applications 13, n. 2 (aprile 2003): 287–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0287:sncihn]2.0.co;2.

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50

Lee, Siwon, Yong-Ju Jung, Jinah Moon, Jin-Young Lee, Heejung Kim, Jae-E. Yang, Hyunji Lee, Jaewon Jung e Ha-Rang Kim. "Comparison and Selection of Conventional PCR Primer Sets for Studies Associated with Nitrogen Cycle Microorganisms in Surface Soil". Applied Sciences 12, n. 20 (13 ottobre 2022): 10314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010314.

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The nitrogen cycle is a biogeochemical cycle primarily associated with the microbial activity that occurs in various environments, including soil. Various genes related to the nitrogen cycle have been studied for different purposes by many researchers; therefore, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions and gene compositions differ among reports, making comparisons difficult. In this study, we compare the PCR methods to amplify 13 nitrogen cycle-related genes (amo (amoA and amoB), norB (cnorB and qnorB), hzs, napA, narG, nifH, nirK, nirS, nosZ, nrfA, and nxrA) in the soil samples collected from four land use types and selected a method with excellent applicability. However, the PCR method for five nitrogen cycle-related genes (amoC, hao, hzo, nirB, and nxrB) could not be presented. In addition, the nitrogen cycle-related genes from the four land use types (field, forest, bare land, and grassland) and the seasonally collected samples were analyzed and discussed. In the grassland samples, all the nitrogen cycle-related genes reviewed were amplified. These results vary from those of the field, forest, and bare land samples, and it was estimated that grassland, among the land use types, could play an important role in the nitrogen cycle in soil. However, an association between the seasons and the rainy season was not confirmed. Thus, this study may be used for future research in various fields related to the nitrogen cycle.

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Nitrogen cycle"

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