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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Niche d'interaction"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Niche d'interaction"
Aboagye, I. F. "Hosts and transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans: a systematic review". African Journal of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology 22, n. 4 (24 settembre 2021): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajcem.v22i4.3.
Testo completoAhiwe, E. U., H. O. Obikaonu, O. E. Kadurumba, T. C. Iwuji, O. O. Emenalom e E. B. Etuk. "Climate change and youth unemployment challenges in Nigeria: The poultry production option". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, n. 4 (8 marzo 2021): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i4.2992.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Niche d'interaction"
Nicvert, Lisa. "Méthodes statistiques et outils logiciels pour l'analyse et l'inférence de réseaux écologiques et le traitement de données multi-espèces". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10130.
Testo completoInteractions between species in ecological communities are complex: many species can interact with each other in a variety of ways and at different spatial and temporal scales. Moreover, these interaction networks are the result of multiple causes, generate multiple processes and can have indirect effects transmitted through the structure of the network. This complexity calls for a variety of approaches to understand the determinants of interactions and predict their effects in ecological systems. This thesis studies several aspects of ecological interaction networks using a methodological approach that focuses on the description, evaluation and development of statistical methods and software tools. In a first part, I study causes of the structure of interaction networks, focusing on interaction niches and using the notion of trait matching between species. To this end, I use methods from the correspondence analysis family and apply and extend reciprocal scaling methods to the analysis of bipartite networks. I apply these methods to the analysis of a plant-frugivore interaction network in a Peruvian montane forest, and show that species traits can be related to their niche width. In a second part, I study the consequences of interactions through their influence on the spatio-temporal distribution of species. To this end, I use multivariate Hawkes processes to analyze camera trap data. I illustrate these models on five mammals from the South African savanna, showing attraction and avoidance between several of these species at a short spatio-temporal scale. In a third part, I consider camera trap data analysis. I develop a R package to clean and standardize camera trap data intended for the Snapshot Safari program, as well as a Shiny application intended for a more general use to visualize data in an interactive and reproducible way. This thesis presents statistical methods and software tools to analyze complex ecological data and improve our understanding of interaction networks. These results open new perspectives on ecological data analysis and methodological development in ecology
Ohlmann, Marc. "Vers une théorie spatiale des réseaux d'interaction en écologie : méthodes, concepts et applications Diversity indices for ecological networks : a unifying framework using Hill numbers Unveiling the food webs of tetrapods across Europe through the prism of the Eltonian niche A spatial theory of mutualistic metacommunities : assesment of metacommunity capacity (in prep) Mapping the imprint of biotic interactions on β-diversity Multi-trophic -diversity mediates the effect of environmental gradients on the turnover of multiple ecosystem functions Combining abundances from different markers for environmental DNA (in prep)". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV065.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the links between interaction networks, space and time. There is a paradigm shift in community ecology concerning the representation of a species community : from a collection of species towards species and their interactions, represented by an interaction network. We aim to build the bricks for a spatial network theory, by developing new methods, new models and applying it on ecological data. This manuscript contains four chapters. In a first chapter, we extend the diversity indices, built on Hill numbers, to network diversity indices. We define diversity indices across species aggregation levelsand show the interest of this method on a trophic network data set. In a second chapter, we develop a spatially explicit meta-community theory, with various kind of interactions. The theory contains a stochastic and a deterministic meta-community model. We then define the notion of meta-community persistence capacity. In a third chapter, we focus on network reconstruction from environmental DNA data along an environmental gradient.We show that the proposed method allows to evaluate the influence of environmental variables on community and infer a network in agreement with the literature on soil interactions. Finally, in a fourth chapter, we develop a method to combine environmental DNA data coming from different primers and show the efficiency of the method to better estimate plant abundances
Kamenova, Stefaniya. "Réseaux d'interactions, biodiversité et services éco-systémiques en milieu agricole : que nous apprennent les coléoptères carabiques ?" Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2319.
Testo completoBiological control is one of the main ecosystem services provided by biodiversity in agroecosystems. Communities of beneficial insects, hosted by agricultural areas exhibit high levels of species and functional diversity, and their biology and life history traits are well described today. These communities are therefore an excellent model for addressing issues of fundamental and applied interest about mechanisms at the origin of biodiversity and its impacts on the supply of ecosystem services. In this thesis, we develop an original combination of advanced molecular approaches and more traditional methods in order to elucidate trophic interaction network within the community of carabid beetles in agricultural areas. The carabid beetles can significantly contribute to the service of biological control, but their contribution and beneficial conditions are difficult to assess because of their opportunistic and plastic feeding behavior. A without a priori investigation of carabid diet at community level in a typical agricultural landscape reveals a resource partitioning between groups of species. Additional experimental studies in laboratory conditions indicate that interspecific competition could be the mechanism generating this partitioning. From a fundamental point of view, these results suggest a preponderance of deterministic processes (niche partitioning) compared to neutral processes (environmental stochasticity) to explain the coexistence of species. From an applied point of view, the importance of the resource in structuring carabid communities provides a potential lever of action for the development of efficient management strategies optimizing carabid function as crop auxiliaries