Tesi sul tema "Nezw Caledonia"
Segui questo link per vedere altri tipi di pubblicazioni sul tema: Nezw Caledonia.
Cita una fonte nei formati APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard e in molti altri stili
Vedi i top-50 saggi (tesi di laurea o di dottorato) per l'attività di ricerca sul tema "Nezw Caledonia".
Accanto a ogni fonte nell'elenco di riferimenti c'è un pulsante "Aggiungi alla bibliografia". Premilo e genereremo automaticamente la citazione bibliografica dell'opera scelta nello stile citazionale di cui hai bisogno: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver ecc.
Puoi anche scaricare il testo completo della pubblicazione scientifica nel formato .pdf e leggere online l'abstract (il sommario) dell'opera se è presente nei metadati.
Vedi le tesi di molte aree scientifiche e compila una bibliografia corretta.
1
Horowitz, Leah Sophie. "Stranger in one's own home : a micropolitical ecological analysis of the engagements of Kanak villagers with a multinational mining project in New Caledonia /". View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20031015.150235/index.html.
2
Sadlier, Ross Allen. "Systematic Studies on the Scincid Lizards of New Caledonia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366402.
Abstract (sommario):
My studies undertaken over the past 30 years have identified the existence of an exceptionally rich and highly diverse scincid lizard fauna in New Caledonia, one typified by regional and localised endemism at a level not indicated by earlier studies. The patterns of broad and finer-scale endemism revealed in the phylogenetic studies indicate a complex evolutionary history for the scincid lizard fauna, one which reflects the historical complexity of the island’s environment, and provides a window into the likely processes that shaped the present day biota. Further, it places the evolution of the New Caledonian lizard fauna in a broader regional context, identifying it as intimately linked with the endemic New Zealand skink fauna, and challenging current conventional theories of a recent post emersion Oligocene origin for the New Caledonia biota.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy by Publication (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
3
Bendinger, Arne. "Marées internes autour de la Nouvelle-Calédonie : dynamique, interactions tourbillon-marée interne et challenge pour le satellite SWOT". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30336.
Abstract (sommario):
L'équilibre énergétique de l'océan traduit des échanges d'énergie entre les termes sources aux échelles planétaires et la dissipation aux micro-échelles. Cette cascade d'énergie, cruciale dans la compréhension du système océanique, demande à être mieux comprise et quantifiée. La plus grande part de l'énergie dans l'océan est associée à la dynamique mésoéchelle. Les échelles spatiales correspondantes sont aussi celles des marées internes et dans les régimes océaniques où l'énergie des ondes internes est suffisamment forte celles-ci représentent un transfert d'énergie majeur vers les échelles dissipatives. La nouvelle mission satellite SWOT (Surface Water Ocean Topography) permettra d'observer globalement pour la première fois ces processus de fines échelles. Une motivation de cette thèse est l'observabilité du niveau de la mer SWOT avec le challenge de comprendre la part respective de la dynamique méso et sous-mésoéchelle et des ondes internes. La région d'étude se situe autour de la Nouvelle Calédonie dans le Pacifique sud-ouest et plus particulièrement dans la région sud survolée par une fauchée SWOT lors de la phase de cal-val du satellite caractérisée par une orbite à 1 jour. La thèse s'appuie sur une simulation régionale dédiée à haute résolution (1/60°) forcée ou pas par la marée barotrope en plus des forçages "classiques". Pour la première fois la dynamique des marées internes autour de la Nouvelle-Calédonie est décrite. Cette région s'avère être un hot spot de génération de marées internes associé aux principales structures bathymétriques,. La marée interne est principalement semi diurne. Elle se caractérise par un premier mode barocline très important et une forte signature dans la SSH (>6cm). Cette énergie de marée interne se propage dans l'océan ouvert à partir de deux zones localisées au nord et au sud de la Nouvelle Calédonie malgré des taux de dissipation d'énergie élevés à proximité des zones de génération. Cette propagation est majoritairement associée à de la marée interne cohérente mais l'activité méso-échelle s'avère être une source potentielle de perte de cohérence de la marée interne (marée incohérente). Cette marée interne incohérente est associée aux interactions avec les tourbillons océaniques soit par la réfraction de la propagation de l'énergie du faisceau de marée par les courants à méso-échelle lors de la propagation de l'énergie de marée, soit par les variations de la conversion de l'énergie barotrope en énergie barocline dues aux changements de stratification induits par les tourbillons à méso-échelle. Des observations in situ obtenues par des planeurs sous-marins autonomes révèlent le réalisme du modèle numérique quant à la simulation des marées internes tout en s'avérant être une plateforme in-situ appropriée pour documenter les marées internes, y compris leur signature de la SSH. Dans les régions de forte marée interne, celle-ci domine la variance de la SSH pour des longueurs d'onde jusqu'à 200 km correspondant. Une attention particulière est accordée à la marée incohérente, qui se manifeste dans la SSH à des échelles inférieures à 100 km. Cette thèse initie également l'étude de l'impact des marées internes sur la circulation à méso-échelle et sous-méso-échelle, avec des voies prometteuses pour les travaux futurs sur les échanges d'énergie entre les échelles et la fermeture du bilan énergétique océanique. Ces travaux participeront à la valorisation des données SWOT dans le cadre de SWOT-AdAC avec la campagne SWOTALIS. Enfin, ils sont une première initiative dans l'implication des marées internes en lien avec l'écosystème marin de la Nouvelle-Calédonie associée à un objectif de mise en place d'aires marines protégées au sein du parc naturel de la mer de CorailThe oceanic energy cascade and the associated redistribution of energy from planetary scales to microscales are crucial to achieve climate equilibrium, yet they remain to be fully understood and quantified. Among the submesoscale flow regime which is characterized by equal contributions from rotational (balanced) and non-rotational (unbalanced) effects, it is internal tides (internal gravity waves at tidal frequency) which have been shown to represent a major energy transfer toward dissipative scales. The Surface Water Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission will push forward global sea surface height (SSH) observations of fine-scale physics of combined balanced and unbalanced motions, and their interactions. Our understanding of these processes will ultimately depend on our ability to disentangle these two different dynamical flow regimes. This thesis aims to tackle SWOT SSH observability of balanced and unbalanced motions around New Caledonia, an area with pronounced internal tide activity alongside elevated level of mesoscale to submescale eddy variability located beneath two swaths of SWOT's fast-sampling phase during which SWOT orbited on a 1-day repeat cycle to collect high-frequency measurements. As an initial step, this thesis provides the first comprehensive description of internal-tide dynamics around New Caledonia, an internal generation hot spot in the southwestern tropical Pacific that has not yet been explored in the literature, based on a tailored regional high-resolution (1/60°) numerical modeling effort. Internal tide generation around New Caledonia is associated with the main bathymetric structures, i.e. continental slope, shelf breaks, small- and large-scale ridges, and seamounts, strongly dominated by the semidiurnal tide and low-vertical modes, with a strong signature in SSH. It is found to be a major source of tidal energy propagation toward the open ocean despite enhanced energy dissipation rates close to the generation sites. Mesoscale eddy variability is shown to be a potential source for the loss of tidal coherence (or tidal incoherence) due to eddy-internal tide interactions, either through the refraction of tidal beam energy propagation by mesoscale currents toward the open ocean or by mesoscale-eddy induced variations of barotropic-to-baroclinic energy conversion. Important insight is provided by in-situ observations of autonomous underwater gliders. They reveal the numerical model's realism of internal-tide dynamics while proving to be a suitable in-situ platform to infer internal tides, including SSH signature. SWOT SSH observability of balanced and unbalanced motions represent a challenge around New Caledonia as the internal tide dominates SSH variance at wavelengths similar to those of balanced motion at scales less than 200~km wavelength. Particular emphasis is given to the incoherent tide, which manifests in SSH at scales less than 100~km, while restricting the observability of mesoscale and submesoscale motions. An outlook is given on the impact of internal tides on the mesoscale to submesoscale circulation with promising routes for future work on cross-scale energy exchanges and the closure of the oceanic energy budget. Finally, the comprehensive description of internal-tide dynamics conducted in this thesis has important implications for the New Caledonia marine ecosystem, with the hope of paving the way for the island's efforts in the conservation of marine protected areas
4
Small, D. "The Politics of Colonial Education in New Caledonia". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Education, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/815.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis is an examination of the particular role that education has played in the development of colonialism in New Caledonia. The focus is on the role of education in the developing relationship between the colonised people and the colonial power. It will be shown that France's education policies closely paralleled its political objectives in New Caledonia. Similarly, the changing Kanak attitude towards education can be seen to reflect changes in their political aspirations and developments in their anti-colonial struggle.
5
Kettle, Christopher. "Conservation genetics of New Caledonian Araucaria". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15163.
Abstract (sommario):
The Araucaria conifers of New Caledonia are a globally significant group with 13 endemic species, eleven of which are threatened with extinction. The critically endangered conifer Araucaria nemorosa and common widespread congener A. columnaris, provide a comparative framework in which to empirically investigate the genetic consequences of fragmentation in understudied anemophilous group. A survey of the genetic diversity at nuclear microsatellite loci over the species’ total range suggests that adults of A. nemorosa are not genetically depauperate, maintaining equivalent levels of genetic diversity to A. columnaris (Ae=20.66; 14.7; He=0.715; 0.654 in A. nemorosa and A. columnaris respectively). However, quantifying genetic diversity and inbreeding coefficients in seedling populations revealed a significant loss of allelic richness and a two-fold increase in the inbreeding coefficients in A. nemorosa seedlings compared to adult populations (FIS 0.195 vs 0.096). This indicates that genetic bottlenecks and elevated inbreeding are likely consequences of fragmentation in A. nemorosa populations. Stand structure, reproductive characteristics and population genetic structure within remnant populations of A. nemorosa were assessed in order to place the genetic consequences of fragmentation in an ecological context. This indicates that in severely fragmented populations ecological and genetic factors can interact to determine population persistence. The reproductive characteristics of A. nemorosa were evaluated, which revealed that seed set is generally very low (5% seed set per cone) with a high variance among individuals. The consequences of fertility variance for the effective population size were explored using both ecological and genetic methods. This suggests that fertility variance will have few consequences for population genetics of wild seedling cohorts. However, in a single season, the number of adults contributing to the seed crop may be small and this has implications for the sampling of germplasm for forest restoration.
6
Kenward, Benjamin. "Why do New Caledonian crows use tools?" Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426395.
7
Kranitz, Mai-lan. "Systematics and evolution of New Caledonian Araucaria". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12110.
Abstract (sommario):
13 of the world’s 19 Araucaria species are endemic to New Caledonia. This thesis has investigated the evolution and systematics of this group. A molecular phylogenetic study based on sequence data from two chloroplast regions resolved all 13 New Caledonian species as a monophyletic group, sister to the Norfolk Island Pine (A. heterophylla). The relationships between the New Caledonian species was not fully resolved as little sequence variability was detected, however, three main groups were defined. The species with bigger leaves occupied a basal polytomy, whereas the vast majority of species with smaller leaves were grouped together in a clade. Within this ‘small leaved’ clade, the three New Caledonian species with a coastal distribution formed another monophyletic group. The timing of the radiation of all these species was tested via a molecular clock approach using different calibration tools (fossil data, geological events, substitution rates). The precise dating of the New Caledonian radiation remains uncertain because different calibration methods give different dates. However, it seems likely to have occurred between 10 and 43 mya. A combination of molecular and morphological approaches was used to assess species limits and population identities. This resulted in re-determination of the identity of several populations and the distributions of some species. The current state of knowledge of the taxonomy of the New Caledonian species was summarised. Finally, the distribution of chloroplast haplotypes among 468 individuals from 49 populations representing all New Caledonian Araucaria revealed strong taxonomic signal, and high genetic diversity among the species with bigger leaves, and low diversity in the coastal species. The distribution of genetic variation is discussed in the context of the evolution and conservation of the New Caledonian Araucaria spp.
8
Bruy, David. "Diversity, ecology and evolution of monocaulous plants in New Caledonia". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG087/document.
Abstract (sommario):
L’évolution convergente des formes de croissance est un phénomène fondamental reliant l’écologie et l’évolution des plantes. Remarquablement illustré dans plusieurs systèmes insulaires, ce phénomène n’a jamais été identifié en Nouvelle-Calédonie, pourtant connue pour la richesse et l’originalité de sa flore. Par une approche combinant architecture des plantes, traits fonctionnels, taxonomie, phylogénie et données environnementales, cette thèse analyse l’histoire évolutive de la monocaulie, une forme de croissance mal connue, en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Les monocaules sont des plantes autoportantes ligneuses dont les fonctions majeures sont assurées par une seule tige apparente. En Nouvelle-Calédonie, elles sont représentées par 182 espèces dicotylédones appartenant à 41 genres et 30 familles et sont gravement menacées d’extinction. L’évolution répétée de la monocaulie en Nouvelle-Calédonie, issue d’au moins 31 événements d’apparition, est l’un des cas les plus remarquables de convergence en milieu insulaire. Dans le genre Atractocarpus, la monocaulie est apparue récemment deux à trois fois via diverses réductions des branches en inflorescences, montrant l’importance des processus hétérochroniques dans l’évolution des formes de croissance. La monocaulie est fortement corrélée à plusieurs traits démontrant des contraintes majeures dans la coordination fonctionnelle. L’évolution de la monocaulie est fortement associée aux forêts denses humides et au substrat ultramafique, et semble avoir contribué à la diversification des lignées par des phénomènes de partitionnement de niche. La remarquable convergence de la monocaulie en Nouvelle-Calédonie peut s’expliquer par quatre hypothèses majeures liées (i) à la structure particulière des forêts denses humides (en lien avec les cyclones) favorisant l’exploration unidirectionnelle de l’espace, (ii) aux contraintes édaphiques liées aux substrats ultramafiques favorisant la paupérisation architecturale, (iii) à l’absence historique de grands brouteurs, auxquels les monocaules sont particulièrement sensibles, et (iv) à la persistance des forêts denses humides lors des épisodes glaciaires (servant de refuges pour ces espèces sensibles) et leur expansion post-glaciaire (fournissant de nombreuses opportunités écologiques)The convergent evolution in growth habit is a fundamental phenomenon linking plant ecology and evolution. Remarkably illustrated in island biotas, this phenomenon has never been identified in the original and megadiverse New Caledonian biodiversity hotspot. Through an approach combining plant architecture, functional traits, taxonomy, phylogeny and environmental data, this thesis analyses the evolutionary history of the scarcely known monocaulous growth habit in New Caledonia. Monocauls are self-supporting woody plants whose cardinal functions rely on a single visible stem. In New Caledonia, they are represented by 182 dicotyledonous species belonging to 41 genera and 30 families and are critically endangered. The repeated evolution of the monocaulie in New Caledonia, resulting from at least 31 independent events, is one of the most remarkable cases of convergence in insular environments. In the genus Atractocarpus (Rubiaceae), monocauly evolved recently two to three times through branch reductions into inflorescences, emphasizing the importance of heterochronic processes in the evolution of growth habit. Monocauly is strongly correlated with several traits illustrating major constraints in functional coordination. The evolution of monocauly is strongly associated with rainforests and ultramafic substrate, and seems to have contributed to the diversification of lineages by niche partitioning. The remarkable convergence toward monocauly in New Caledonia can be explained by four major hypotheses: (i) the structural features of rainforests (related to cyclone frequency and intensity) favoring unidirectional exploration of space, (ii) the edaphic constraints associated with ultramafic substrate favoring architectural pauperization, (iii) the historical absence of large native browsers to which monocauls are particularly sensitive, and (iv) the persistence of rainforest during – and spread-out after – glacial episodes that served as refugia and further provided ecological opportunities
9
Kouneski, Elena G. "Mitochondrial DNA origins and affinities of the Kanak of New Caledonia". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
10
Carson, Michael Thomas. "Inter-cultural contact and exchange in Ouvea (Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia)". Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/704.
Abstract (sommario):
The project comprising this doctoral dissertation investigated long-term patterns of inter-cultural contact and exchange in Ouvea, a Polynesian Outlier in the Loyalty Islands, New Caledonia. To address the research question, an interdisciplinary approach involved ethnohistory, linguistics, and archaeology, with an emphasis on the contribution of archaeology. Ethnohistory offered insight into the contexts of inter-cultural contact and traditional exchange systems in Ouvea and also provided a hypothesis of settlement chronology. Linguistic information proposed a relative sequence of events and processes reflecting contact-induced changes in the Ouvea communities. The archaeological field work for this project concentrated on two rockshelters (Sites LUV029 and LUV030) and an adjacent beach dune (Site LUV028) in Muli Islet of Ouvea. Initial human occupation on a temporary recurrent basis in one of the rockshelters (LUV030) was dated to the first few centuries A.D., followed by permanent habitation and an expansion of occupation to include both rockshelters and agricultural use of the associated beach dune around A.D. 1000. In the subsequent centuries of continuous human occupation, evidence indicated an adaptation to the local physical and cultural environment through intensification in local resources, production of specialized material objects, and an increase in the abundance and diversity of imported exogenous materials. Interpretation of research results from Muli related to internal production and exchange systems in Ouvea as well as to larger spheres of contact and exchange that encompassed the New Caledonia region and even more distant island archipelagos.
11
Taylor, Margaret Alison. "Cultural politics : discord and factionalism in New Caledonia, 1919 to 1993". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1479/.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis focuses on the activities of a group of young French people staying in a hostel in Noumea from 1991 to 1993. It draws on my fieldwork in Noumea and Mare in the Loyalty Islands of New Caledonia. The main part of the thesis looks at the interactions of this group of young people with other ethnic and social groups living in New Caledonia. These include the Kanaks, the "Caldoches" (native-born Caledonians of French origin), the "Metros" (immigrants from metropolitan France), Pacific islanders, Vietnamese and Indonesians. The thesis also includes a short section describing Mare itself and my fieldwork there. Particular attention is paid to the Kanaks and to the Caldoches, whose rural and urban lifestyles are compared and contrasted to those of the young people being studied. Relations between these young people, newly arrived in the French Pacific, and those of the colony's established inhabitants, allow themes of globalization, travel, knowledge, reflexivity and alterity to be explored vis-a-vis anthropological theory. Kanak behaviour, towards Kanaks and others, is shown to relate to ideas of knowledge, power, gender and hierarchy, prevalent in both Polynesia and Melanesia. The work is underpinned by explanations of, and references to, the international and local historical and geographical context of New Caledonian social and political behaviour. It attempts to show the bitter disputes and resentments arising between ethnic groups. It discusses civil unrest, the Kanaks' desire for independence, and some possible economic and social consequences.
12
Trueba-Sanchez, Santiago. "Ecology, forms and functions of the basal angiosperms from New Caledonia". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT179/document.
Abstract (sommario):
En raison de sa remarquable diversité végétale, de son taux d’endémisme, parmi les plus élevés au niveau mondial (79%) et de son extrême vulnérabilité, la Nouvelle-Calédonie est un des premiers hotspots de la biodiversité mondiale. L’une des remarquables originalités de la flore Calédonienne repose sur la présence de nombreux taxa reconnus, en raison de leurs positions phylogénétiques, comme appartenant aux lignées les plus anciennes des plantes à fleurs. Ces lignées d’Angiospermes « reliques » ont une valeur scientifique et patrimoniale importante, puisqu’elles sont de véritables fenêtres sur le passé. A travers l’étude des traits foliaires, de l’anatomie du bois (e.g. type d’éléments conducteurs, perforations, diamètre et longueur des vaisseaux), de l’architecture (e.g. sympoldialité vs monopodialité, phénomène de réitération, rythmicité de croissance) et de la biomécanique des axes, nous chercherons à caractériser les formes et fonctions de ces taxons. Ce projet de thèse vise à examiner les déterminants structurels et fonctionnels de la répartition spatiale actuelle des Angiospermes basales (grade ANITA + Magnoliidae) en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Dans cette perspective nous chercherons à comprendre quels sont les facteurs qui ont conduit au confinement de certains taxons à des habitats restreints ou au contraire à leur dispersion dans des milieux contrastés. Un premier volet du projet en cours, a pour objectif de caractériser la dynamique de croissance d’Amborella trichopoda et sa plasticité architecturale sous différents régimes lumineux. Certains traits écologiques de ces espèces d’Angiospermes de divergence précoce, s’ils n’ont pas contribué à la radiation des plantes à fleurs actuelles, ont pu permettre son enracinement écologique au sein de la flore du Mésozoïque et fournir un répertoire développemental pour l’explosion subséquente de leur diversité. L’identification et l’étude de ces caractères sont donc déterminantes pour la compréhension de l’évolution structurelle et fonctionnelle des plantes à fleursNew Caledonia (NC) is one of the main biodiversity hotspots (Myers 1988), this is because of its remarkable plant diversity, its endemism rates, among the highest in the world (79%), and because of the vulnerability of its flora. One of the main originalities of New Caledonia flora is based on the presence of a large number of taxa recognized, due to their phylogenetical positions, as the most ancient extant representatives of angiosperms. For a long time, New Caledonia has been considered as an early upset fragment of the Gondwana (Pelletier 2006) that suffered an interrupted history of isolation which conferred the evolutionary particularities that we observe today. However, recent evidences show that NC has derived from the Australian land during the late Mesozoic (~80 Mya), the island was then submerged during the first half of the Cenozoic (Pelletier 2006) and a reemergence of the island seems to have occurred ~37 Mya (Cluzel et al. 1998). After the reappearance of the island above the sea level, several events of recolonisation occurred and they wrought the biodiversity that we observe nowadays (Pillon 2012). NC presents humid forests which are unique relics; under the influence of climate changes, these forests have virtually disappeared from other regions of the globe (Morat et al. 1986). The lineages of “relictual” angiosperms, mainly subservient to these humid forests, have a great scientific and patrimony value, as they can be considered as genuine windows on the past. These taxa are susceptible to contain primitive characters which have either disappeared in most of the existing flowering plants, or that are still shared by a narrow number of them. The identification and the study of these characters are therefore determinants for the comprehension of angiosperms evolution. Some ecological features of these panchronic species, may have either contributed to the huge radiation of extant angiosperms, or they may have contributed to the ecological settling of angiosperms within the Mesozoic flora, providing them with a developmental repertoire for the subsequent explosion of their diversity. This PhD project aims to study the ecological, anatomical and functional diversity of basal angiosperms and it seeks to analyze the evolutionary patterns of these structural and functional features. We will consider here as “basal” angiosperms a great group of flowering plants that has diverged before the monocot and eudicot node. This group is conformed by the ANITA grade, formed by Amborella (a single species endemic to NC), Nymphaeales (waterlilies and other herbaceous aquatic plants) and Austrobaileyales (aromatic woody plants). The Magnoliid subclass, a clade of flowering of early divergence, which contains plants considered as paleodicots by Cronquist (1988), will be also included in the analysis of the « basal » taxa. More recently, the Magnoliids have been redefined as a clade comprising Chloranthales, Canellales, Laurales, Magnoliales, et Piperales (APG III, 2009). In a second part of the project, a fieldtrip to Mexico will be held in order to include speces belonging to the Chloranthaceae and Schisandraceae, as well as Cabombaceae et Nymphaeaceae, by this means, we will incorporate species belonging to all the orders of the “basal” angiosperms, reinforcing the comparative analysis. This research work will lean on the recent publications of the phylogenetic relations within basal angiosperms
13
Wimpenny, Joanna Helen. "Tool use and physical cognition in New Caledonian crows". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515024.
14
van, der Wal Jessica Eva Megan. "Studies on the foraging behaviour of New Caledonian crows". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13047.
15
Chanter, Alaine, e alaine chanter@canberra edu au. "Contested Identity: the media and independence in New Caledonia during the 1980s". The Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 1996. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20040923.133021.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis analyses the discursive struggle in the New Caledonian media over the question of independence during the period of most acute conflict during the 1980s. It seeks to demonstrate that the discursive struggle was central to the political struggle, particularly in its emphasis on the development of discourses on identity which authorised particular forms of political engagement. Colonial discourses in New Caledonia provided a well tested armory of identifications of the territorys indigenous people which were mobilised in the anti-independence media, particularly the territorys monopoly daily newspaper Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes. The thesis attempts to demonstrate how these identifications connoted, in effect, the non-existence of Kanaks through a denial of a Kanak identity: Melanesians who identified themselves as Kanaks and took a pro-independence stance were not recognised within the colonial identity constructions of Caledonian and Melanesian, and their claims to constitute a people were vociferously denied. They existed within colonial discourses as a human absence, and were therefore considered to have no rightful claim on Caledonian political life. In the face of such identifications, the pro-independence movement articulated in its media notions of Kanakness and the Kanak people which sought to hyper-valorise their identity as human and rightful.¶
It is argued that an analysis of media discourses requires consideration of the type of institutional constraints operating within the media institutions from within which these discourses emerge. The thesis therefore analyses the major constraints operating within Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes and the two major pro-independence media organisations, Kanakys first newspaper Bwenando and Kanakys first radio station Radio Djiido.¶
As an overarching concern, the thesis attempts to work through and apply different theoretical approaches relevant to the analysis of media reporting in situations of heightened political contestation, negotiating through aspects of neo-Marxist and post-structuralist approaches. It assesses the relevance of the notion of ideological effect as an analytical tool in assessing the effects of power produced by particular discourse, concluding that some theoretical notion concerned with elucidating the differential effects of power is required.¶
16
Secchiari, Arianna. "Geochemical and Sr, Nd, Pb isotope investigation of the New Caledonia ophiolite". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT173.
Abstract (sommario):
L’ophiolite de Nouvelle Calédonie présente une des plus grandes sections de manteau océanique obductées au monde, offrant une perspective unique pour l’étude des processus du manteau supérieur. Les roches du manteau appartiennent à une séquence ophiolitique “atypique”, dominée par des harzburgites réfractaires avec quelques lherzolites à spinelle et à plagioclase. À l'exception de quelques cumulats mafiques-ultramafiques, la partie crustale de l'ophiolite est totalement absente. Cette ophiolite a été étudiée depuis plusieurs décennies, toutefois sa nature ultra-appauvrie a rendu très difficile une caractérisation géochimique détaillée. La littérature scientifique ne regroupe que quelques données sur les éléments en trace et les données isotopiques sont totalement inexistantes. Dans ce travail de thèse, une étude géochimique exhaustive (éléments majeurs, en trace et isotopes Sr-Nd-Pb) des péridotites et des roches mafiques associées à l’ophiolite a été réalisée. Les péridotites sont des tectonites avec des textures porphyroclastiques. Les lherzolites à spinelle ont 7-8 vol.% de clinopyroxène riche en Na2O et Al2O3 (jusqu’à Na2O 0.5 wt.%; 6.5 wt.% Al2O3), teneur en Fo de l’olivine de 88.5 à 90.0 mol.%, bas valeurs du Cr# du spinelle (13-17), attestant la nature fertiles de ces roches. A l’inverse les harzburgites costituent des roches très réfractaires : ils ne contiennent pas de clinopyroxène primaire et les teneurs en Fo de l’olivine (90.9-92.9 mol.%), le Mg# de l’orthopyroxène et le Cr# du spinelle (39-71) sont élevés. Les spectres de concentrations en REE présentent des caractéristiques typiques de formation dans un environnement abyssal pour les lherzolites à spinelle, alors que les harzburgites ont des spectres en U typiques d’environnement d’avant-arc. Les compositions en REE des lherzolites à spinelle sont compatibles avec un bas degré de fusion fractionnée (8-9%) d'une source DMM, commençant dans le domaine de stabilité du grenat. Au contraire les concentrations en REE des harzburgites indiquent un haut degré de fusion d’une source DMM, en accord avec une fusion hydratée en environnement d’avant-arc. Les lherzolites à plagioclase présentent des microtextures d’imprégnation, des spinelles riches en Cr2O3 et TiO2 et un enrichissement progressif en REE, Ti, Y, Zr. Les modèles des éléments en trace indiquent que les lherzolites à plagioclase résultent des lherzolites à spinelle par séquestration des liquides MORB très appauvris au sein de la lithosphère océanique.Les roches intrusives sont des gabbronorites à olivine avec des compositions très appauvries (87.3≤Fo ol≤88.9 mol.%, 87.7≤Mg# Cpx≤92.2, An Pl=90-96 mol.%). Le haut Mg#, le bas teneur de TiO2 des pyroxènes, la composition en anorthite du plagioclase et le modèle des éléments en trace montrent que les magmas parents des gabbronorites sont des magmas primitifs, très appauvries, formés dans un environnement de subductionThe New Caledonia ophiolite hosts one of the largest obducted mantle section in the world, hence providing a unique insight for the study of upper mantle processes. These mantle rocks belong to an “atypical” ophiolitic sequence, which is dominated by refractory harzburgites but it also includes minor spinel and plagioclase lherzolites. Upper crust is notably absent in the ophiolite, with the exception of some mafic-ultramafic cumulates cropping out in the southern part of the island. Although the New Caledonia ophiolite has been under investigation for decades, its ultra-depleted nature has made its characterization an analytical challenge, so that few trace element data are available, while isotopic data are completely missing. In this thesis a comprehensive geochemical study (major, trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes) of the peridotites and the associated intrusive mafic rocks from the New Caledonia ophiolite has been carried out. The peridotites are low-strain tectonites showing porphyroclastic textures. Spinel lherzolites are undepleted lithotypes, as attested by the presence of 7-8 vol.% of Na2O and Al2O3-rich clinopyroxene (up to 0.5 wt.% Na2O; 6.5 wt.% Al2O3), Fo content of olivine (88.5-90.0 mol.%) and low Cr# of spinel (13-17). Conversely, harzburgites display a refractory nature, proven by the remarkable absence of primary clinopyroxene, very high Fo content in olivine (90.9-92.9 mol.%), high Mg# in orthopyroxene (89.8-94.2) and Cr# in spinel (39-71). REE contents show abyssal-type patterns for spinel lherzolites, while harzburgites display U-shaped patterns, typical of fore-arc settings.Spinel lherzolites REE compositions are consistent with relatively low degree (8-9%) of fractional melting of a DMM source, starting in the garnet stability field. Conversely, REE models for harzburgites indicate high melting degrees (20-25%) of a DMM mantle source under spinel faies conditions, consistent with hydrous melting in forearc setting. Plagioclase lherzolites exhibit melt impregnation microtextures, Cr- and TiO2-enriched spinels and REE, Ti, Y, Zr progressive increase with respect to spinel lherzolites. Impregnation models indicate that plagioclase lherzolites may derive from spinel lherzolites by entrapment of highly depleted MORB melts in the shallow oceanic lithosphere. Mafic intrusives are olivine gabbronorites with a very refractory composition, as attested by high Fo content of olivine (87.3-88.9 mol.%), very high Mg# of clinopyroxene (87.7-92.2) and extreme anorthitic content of plagioclase (An = 90-96 mol.%). The high Mg#, low TiO2 concentrations in pyroxenes and the anorthitic composition of plagioclase point out an origin from ultra-depleted primitive magmas in a convergent setting. Geochemical trace element models show that the parental melts of gabbronorites are primitive magmas with striking depleted compositions, bearing only in part similarities with the primitive boninitic melts of Bonin Islands. The first Sr, Nd and Pb isotope data obtained for the New Caledonia ophiolite highlight the presence of DM mantle source variably modified by different processes.Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic ratios for the lherzolites (+6.98≤ƐNdi≤+10.97) indicate a DM source that suffered low-temperature hydrothermal reactions. Harzburgites are characterized by a wide variation of Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic values, extending from DM-type to EMII compositions (-0.82≤ƐNdi≤+17.55), suggesting that harzburgite source was strongly affected by subduction-related processes. Conversely, combined trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data for gabbronorites indicate a derivation from a source with composition similar to Indian-type mantle, but affected by fluid input in subduction environment
17
Campbell, Hamish John. "Stratigraphic significance of the Triassic bivalves Daonella and Halobia in New Zealand and New Caledonia". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250867.
18
Herring, Jamie. "Globalization and its effects on forest diversity: A case study of New Caledonia". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26489.
Abstract (sommario):
In the scientific literature pertaining to the world's loss of biodiversity, an extensive amount of research has been undertaken to describe the local biological processes involved in the loss of endangered habitats. However, the social mechanisms that infringe upon these habitats and perpetuate human activities that destroy rare and endangered species has largely been ignored. This thesis is an attempt to discover the social, political and economic causes of habitat loss in the particular case of New Caledonia. Specifically, the extraction of nickel in New Caledonia was examined as a resource that has been central to the island's development history and which has been the cause of the most forest damage. Globalization theory and World-Systems theory have been used in a complementary way to provide a framework for how the integration of New Caledonia into the global economic system over the past 150 years has impacted the island's rare forest systems. Periods of globalization prior to the 1970's were found to have had the most destructive impact on forest habitat than the years following 1975. Greater ecological protections implemented as a result of pressures on France from both global and local environmental groups were found to have increased protection measures for the various forest habitats. However, the destruction of the forests of New Caledonia continues and strong ecological protections that would guarantee the forest's long-term health are still missing.
19
Mummery, Christopher Robert. "The struggle for survival, the origins of racism in New Caledonia, 1843-1902". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ55164.pdf.
20
Butler, Anita. "Passionate ambivalence : New Caledonia and Franco-Australian relations in the Pacific, 1983-1995 /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arb985.pdf.
21
Korson, Cadey. "Mapping Narratives of Self-Determination, National Identity, and (Re)balancing in New Caledonia". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1443154738.
22
Colombani, Hélène. "L'imaginaire dans le mythe canaque : analyse des images, symboles et archétypes dans les mythes canaques". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENL015.
Abstract (sommario):
Tandis que le progrès scientifique offre des perspectives insoupçonnables, les contraintes de l'industrialisation, de l'urbanisation et des technologies modernes, ne cessent de faire reculer le domaine de l'immatériel et du spirituel. Longtemps épargnée, l'Océanie reste encore un espace privilégié où l'imprégnation des traditions ancestrales et de la nature est restée vivace et signifiante. « L'Imaginaire dans les mythes canaques » constitue le sujet de notre recherche, l'ouverture d'un champ exploratoire inédit qui nous conduit à la révélation du « réel caché » fonde cette démarche. L'apport des études et recherches des premiers missionnaires, linguistes et ethnologues a fourni un ensemble de données et de mythes qui décrivent et interprètent l'organisation de la société canaque, ses moeurs et ses traditions. Les investigations de l'ethnologie traditionnelle sont restées distantes des théories et découvertes de l'Imaginaire dont Freud, Bachelard et Jung furent les précurseurs. Nous convoquerons les méthodes d'analyse et d'investigation de l'inconscient collectif et de la psychologie des profondeurs, pour les adapter au domaine de la mythologie canaque. La réalisation d'un corpus de mythes collectés aux débuts de la colonisation explicite la composition structurelle de chaque récit, élabore leur fiche d'identification génétique, et imagine une méthode nouvelle d'exploration de l'univers des mythes. La mise en œuvre de la mythocritique de Gilbert Durand, adaptée et complétée par la mythanalyse, réalise une mythodologie exploratoire de l'Imaginaire du « sermo mythicus ». Constellations d'images, symboles et archétypes décryptés dans ces anciens récits mythiques, en révèlent la sémantique profonde, ainsi que des archétypes qui rejoignent l'universel. Notre propos est de mettre en évidence la pertinence des théories précédentes qui ont révolutionné des domaines tels que la psychologie, la philosophie et jusqu'à la littérature, ouvrant de nouveaux horizons à l'interprétation de ces traditions orales majeures, qui sont parmi les plus anciennes d'Océanie, et confirmant par là-même la richesse de leur symbolique et de leur apport à la connaissance d'Anthropos que Leenhard avait annoncéeWhile scientific progress offers unimaginable opportunities, constraints of industrialization, urbanization and modern technology never cease to reverse the field of the intangible and spiritual. Long spared Oceania remains a privileged space where the impregnation of traditions and nature remained alive and meaningful. “Imagination in Kanak myths” is the subject of our research, the opening of a novel exploratory field which leads to the revelation of the “Real hidden” bases this approach. The contribution of the study and research of the first missionaries, linguists and anthropologists has provided a set of data and myths that describe and interpret the organization of the Kanak society, its customs and traditions. Investigations of ethnology remained away from traditional theories and discoveries of the Imaginary Freud, Jung and Bachelard were precursors. We will call the methods of analysis and investigation of the collective unconscious and depth psychology, to fit the field of mythology Kanak. The implementation of a corpus of myths collected at the beginning of colonization, explains the structural composition of each story, which develops their “genetic identification card”, and imagine a new method of exploring the world of myths. Implementation of “mythocritic” Gilbert Durand adapted and supplemented by mythanalysis, performs an exploratory mythodologie of the imaginary of " sermo mythicus". Constellations of images, symbols and archetypes decrypted in these ancient myths, then reveal the deep semantic as well as joining the universal archetypes. Our aim is to highlight the relevance of previous theories that have revolutionized such fields as psychology, philosophy, and literature up and opening new horizons for the interpretation of oral traditions which are major among the most old Oceania, and to confirm their rich symbolism and their contribution to the knowledge of Anthropos that Leenhard had emphasized
23
Miller, Kimberly Michelle. "The Darien Scheme: Debunking the myth of Scotland's Ill-Fated American Colonization Attempt". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1461842100.
24
Bluff, Lucas. "Tool use, foraging ecology and social dynamics in New Caledonian crows". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670047.
25
Weir, Alexander Allan Scott. "Cognitive psychology of tool use in New Caledonian crows (Corvus moneduloides)". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670198.
26
Ben, Aissa Fatma. "Ecologie microbienne des systèmes hydrothermaux marins alcalins de la baie de Prony (Nouvelle-Calédonie)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4760.
Abstract (sommario):
Nous avons étudié l’écologie microbienne d’un site hydrothermal alcalin sous-marin peu profond (0-50 m) localisé dans la baie de Prony (PHF) dans le sud de Nouvelle-Calédonie (Pacifique Sud-Ouest) comparable par son fonctionnement au site hydrothermal alcalin profond (800m) de Lost City (LCHF) (Dorsale médio-atlantique). PHF au même titre que LCHF est un système hydrothermal ultramafique associé à des réactions de serpentinisation des roches du manteau terrestre, libérant des fluides anoxiques très alcalins (jusqu'à pH 11) riche en calcium, en hydrogène et en méthane dissous. Le site hydrothermal de Prony (PHF) est caractérisé par de grandes cheminées de carbonate émettant des fluides dont la température n’excède pas 40°C. Les approches moléculaires ont démontré une prédominance des bactéries (Firmicutes, Deltaproteobacteria …) sur les archées (Methanosarcinales). En ce qui concerne les mises en culture, elles sont restées vaines pour la plupart des grands groupes trophiques recherchés (bactéries sulfato-réductrices, archées méthanogènes) excepté pour les fermentaires relevant du phylum des Firmicutes. Deux nouvelles bactéries appartenant à ce phylum ont été isolées. Il s’agit (i) de Vallitalea pronyensis vraisemblablement associée aux cheminées hydrothermales et (ii) d’Alkaliphilus hydrothermalis qui serait plutôt indigène aux fluides alcalins émis par les cheminées si l’on en juge par ses conditions physico-chimiques optimales de croissance en adéquation avec celles des fluides. Ces deux microorganismes représentent les premiers anaérobies stricts isolés de systèmes hydrothermaux alcalins serpentinisés à ce jourWe studied the microbial ecology of an alkaline hydrothermal submarine shallow field (0-50 m) located in Prony Bay (PHF) in the south of New Caledonia (SW Pacific) similar to the deep alkaline hydrothermal site (800m) of Lost City (LCHF) (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Similarly to LCHF, PHF is an ultramafic hydrothermal system functioning on the basis of serpentinization reactions of the mantle rocks, releasing anoxic, highly alkaline fluids (to pH 11) rich in calcium, and in dissolved hydrogen and methane. The Prony hydrothermal field (PHF) is characterized by large carbonate chimneys emitting fluids with temperatures not exceeding 40 °C. Molecular approaches revealed a prevalence of Bacteria (Firmicutes, Deltaproteobacteria…) over Archaea (Methanosarcinales). Regarding microbial cultures, they were unsuccessful for most major trophic groups (sulfate-reducing bacteria, methanogens) with the exception of fermentative representatives of the phylum Firmicutes. Two novel bacteria belonging to this phylum were isolated. They include (i) Vallitalea pronyensis which is likely associated with hydrothermal vents and (ii) Alkaliphilus hydrothermalis which should be indigenous to alkaline fluids emitted from chimneys since its growth optimal physicochemical conditions match those of fluids. These two bacteria represent the first anaerobic microorganisms isolated from alkaline hydrothermal serpentinized systems so far
27
Alfredsson, Jessica. "INNOVATIVE TOOL-MODIFICATIONS AND TOOL SELECTIVITY IN NEW CALEDONIAN CROWS (CORVUS MONEDULOIDES)". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60301.
Abstract (sommario):
Tool-use and tool-manufacture are thought to require high cognitive skills and have been considered as an exclusive attribute to primates. Recent observations of New Caledonian crows (NCCs) challenge this assumption. In this study 13 NCCs were tested with two different tool production tasks. The NCC either had to straighten a hook or bend a stick to retrieve food from two different kinds of tree trunks. The result showed that 3/5 birds bent sticks and used them to retrieve food and 1/5 birds straightened hooks to retrieve food. The birds managed to solve both tasks but not the birds in the control group. This indicates that NCC's tool making is a flexible innovative act and not just an innate predisposition to bend flexible material. This finding is interesting given that recent studies on human children show that below 8 years of age children fail in similar innovative tool making tasks.
28
Troscianko, Jolyon Tomasz. "Ecological, morphological and behavioural aspects of tool-use in New Caledonian crows". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3540/.
Abstract (sommario):
New Caledonian crows are amongst the most sophisticated tool-users in the animal kingdom. In this thesis I present my findings from various aspects of the crows’ behavioural ecology, morphology and cognition, contributing to our understanding of how this fascinating tool-use behaviour might have evolved. My studies in the field reveal new types of tool manufacture and foraging behaviour that help to build up a complete picture of the ecological importance of tool-use to wild crows. Additionally I demonstrate the subtlety and skill required to extract wood boring beetle larvae from their burrows, accounting for the slow development of tool-use proficiency in juvenile crows. Further work reveals how their unique visual field combines with a peculiarly straight bill to facilitate tool-use; perhaps the only evidence outside of the hominid hand for tool-use specific morphology. Recent studies suggest Corvus species are behaviourally and cognitively predisposed to become tool-users, however, through multiple lines of enquiry this thesis highlights the costs that New Caledonian crows bear in order to become successful tool-users. The unique ecological conditions in New Caledonia are likely to have made this costly form of foraging possible, helping to explain why tool-use is so rarely observed in other animals.
29
Edo, Junko. "Narratives of 'Kanak identity' in New Caledonia - its concepts and history of Kanak identity struggle". Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10789.
Abstract (sommario):
The thesis aims to explore and represent 'Kanak identity' multi-dimensionally through the discourses of local people, composed of three kinds of narrative, narrative of community, culture and nation. Narrative of community reveals that identity concepts at the level of traditional community are relationally and collectively oriented with the clan as its base and that its boundary is porous. Secondly, narrative of culture discloses that their identity concepts at the ethnic level are synonymous with culture based on custom and that its boundary is strategically demarcated. In these narratives of community and culture, the concepts of Kanak identity prove to be constructed dually in community and culture: while the former is the base of their identity, the latter unites fragmented Kanak society. Thirdly, narrative of nation proves that the Kanak identity claim is the key concept of their struggle for decolonization of New Caledonia to recover their rights. French colonization dehumanized the Kanak and deprived them of their rights and dignity so that they had to politically and culturally assert Kanak identity vis-a-vis France and others. While struggling for the recovery of their rights, which are conceived within the modern norm of the nation-state, they tried to restore their identity as a symbol representing the autochthonous people as a whole or as a symbol of a nation. The history of Kanak struggle for identity demonstrates how Kanak identity has been shaped and is being reshaped through the discourses of the people, which prove to be the narrative of 'emergence' and not of 'entropy', if I borrow Clifford's terminology (1988: 14, 16).
30
Llorca, Sylvie. "Les concentrations cobaltiferes supergenes en nouvelle-caledonie : geologie, mineralogie". Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30231.
Abstract (sommario):
La repartition dans les profils des concentrations cobaltiferes est controlee par deux mecanismes qui interferent: le premier consiste en une accumulation progressive du cobalt dans une tranche donnee de profil correspondant au toit des alterites silicatees, au fur et a mesure de l'approfondissement de l'alteration; le second consiste en une migration progressive du cobalt depuis les zones hautes vers les depressions du toit silicate, formees par la roche en cours d'alteration. Le cobalt est porte par des produits noirs caracteristiques des divers milieux de depot
31
Cauchard, Aurelie Daniele. "A study of space in Caac, an Oceanic language spoken in the north of New Caledonia". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-space-in-caac-an-oceanic-language-spoken-in-the-north-of-new-caledonia(6ff1f9db-a026-4d9c-a280-f7e9419e7ef5).html.
Abstract (sommario):
In the present study, I describe the linguistic expression of space in Caac, an Oceanic language spoken in New Caledonia, from both a descriptive and theoretical perspective. Caac is a minority language whose transmission process is not ensured anymore; it is also an under-documented language. Part I provides a concise description of Caac grammar, presenting thereby a first formal portrait of this language to the reader. Part II describes the formal and semantic features of the linguistic resources available in Caac to encode spatial relationships. Part III presents the theoretical framework based on and exploring further the vector analysis developed by Bohnemeyer (2012) and Bohnemeyer & O’Meara (2012). In particular, I propose an additional sub-category of vectors (Head-unspecified Vectors) which account for the uses of centrifugal forms in Caac. The resulting theoretical framework enables me to provide a systematic account of expressions of orientation as well as location and motion, and to combine the Frames of Reference typology (Pederson et al. 1998; Levinson, 1996, 2003; Bohnemeyer & Levinson, not dated) with an analysis of deictic expressions within a single framework. It also allows us to give a detailed analysis of the uses and combinations of Caac absolute and deictic directionals, which are spatial terms of primary importance for spatial reference in Caac. Special attention, moreover, is given to the use of directionals in spatial constructions involving Fictive Motion. The analysis of Caac data leads us to introduce an additional category of Fictive Motion beyond those previously recognised in the literature, labelled here ‘Anticipated Paths’. In the conclusion, I propose a functional and cultural-specific explanation for the emergence of this construction. Anticipated Path expressions in turn shed new light on the nature of vectors and the relationship between location, motion and orientation.
32
Chen, Par Jian Yao Joyce. "Déconstruction des constructions discursives de la Nouvelle-Calédonie: Analyse critique du discours dominant et du discours alternatif depuis 1983". Thesis, Department of Government and International Relations, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21662.
Abstract (sommario):
Désignée officiellement comme une « collectivité d’outre-mer à statut particulier » par la République française, la Nouvelle-Calédonie se révèle une société unique en son genre. Le sujet du statut de la Nouvelle-Calédonie suscite la polémique surtout à cause du résultat surprenant du référendum sur l’indépendance en novembre 2018. Cette thèse s’appuie sur l’analyse du discours critique pour démontrer les influences des constructions discursives dans le débat sur l’indépendance de la Nouvelle- Calédonie. L’analyse aborde deux types de discours qui comportent des représentations différentes de la Nouvelle-Calédonie ; le discours dominant et le discours alternatif. Le premier est produit par la République française et le dernier par les indépendantistes kanaks. En appliquant une analyse du prédicat et une analyse métaphorique de ces discours à partir de 1983, il est évident que les représentations du discours dominant prennent le devant au cours de l’histoire du débat sur l’indépendance en Nouvelle-Calédonie. Alors que cette thèse traite de la question de la Nouvelle- Calédonie, les conclusions affirment l’influence puissante du discours plus généralement. En effet, les présuppositions qui sous-tendent le discours dominant ont le pouvoir de délimiter et contraindre les possibilités d’action de la réalité sociale.
33
Foan, Amanda Gillian. "History of the New Caledonia Barrier Reef over the last 1.2Myrs : links with regional palaeoceanography and palaeoclimate". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22852.
Abstract (sommario):
The timing of glacial-interglacial cycles shows a clear dependence on the periodic variations in the Earth’s orbital parameters. However, the Earth’s climate is an extremely complex, non-linear system, with many internal feedback mechanisms and there are still features of the climate record for which a definitive explanation remains elusive. Understanding reef history is important due to significant predicted feedbacks between changes in global climate and carbonate production via the carbon cycle; phases of rapid reef growth in shallow water areas being associated with increased release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Previous work on Pleistocene reef history, investigated via reef boreholes, shows a large global expansion of reefs between 800-400ka; approximately concurrent with one of the major unexplained alterations in the climate system, the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT). Quaternary reef history is usually investigated via reef boreholes, which provide limited spatial information and are subject to dating uncertainties of the order of ±100kyrs. This means that any inferences made about the relationship between reef expansion and specific changes in the climate system are not well constrained. This thesis instead, presents a novel approach to reconstructing reef growth history, using a trial site near the island of New Caledonia, in the south west Pacific. The initiation of carbonate production on shallow shelves is known to produce a signal in the surrounding deeper basins, via sediment shedding. Therefore, this research set out to independently verify the proposed expansion of the New Caledonia Barrier Reef at ~ 400ka (Marine Isotope Stage [MIS] 11) by examining the composition of turbidites deposited in the New Caledonia Trough. Deep sea sediment core MD06-3019, was collected south west of the New Caledonia Barrier Reef (22oS, 165oE; 3,500m water depth). It is predominantly composed of pelagic carbonate ooze, into which 79 sandy turbidite layers have been deposited. These layers interrupt, but do not disturb, the background sedimentation and source material from the shallow shelf, which is carried to the deep sea via submarine canyons. A core age model based principally on orbital tuning, yields a core bottom age of 1,260ka, ~MIS38. This chronology has allowed the timing of deposition of the turbidite layers within the core to be assigned to within ±10kyr. Turbidite layers vary in width (1-35cm), grain size (φ=4 to -2) and composition, containing among other shelf derived material, well preserved coral fragments from 1.26Ma through to the present day. Patterns in turbidite timing and frequency, grain size and composition (investigated via point counting, carbonate coulometry and aragonite content) have been analysed, to assess whether there are any temporal changes which may reflect variation in shallow shelf reef extent. This included the development of XRF scanning measurements for [Sr], as a new proxy for the aragonite content of samples. A calibration line with the equation: Aragonite %=0.0011* Sr count +2.64 (R2 =0.6105, p-value < 0.001) was obtained for turbidite samples from sediment core MD06-3019. The method shows significant promise as a new proxy for quickly establishing the aragonite content of sediment samples. Corroborating the work of previous investigators, turbidites deposited since MIS11 show an increase in average bulk carbonate and aragonite content, a greater dominance of shallow water bioclasts and a higher occurrence of coral fragments. Additionally, both coarse and fine grained turbidites are present, whereas directly before this period only fine grained turbidites occur. However, there is another significant shift in depositional style further back in the record. Prior to MIS23 both coarse and fine grained turbidites are present, the average carbonate content of turbidite layers is higher and there is a greater dominance of shallow water biota. Coral abundance for turbidites at the base of the core can equal values for turbidites at the top of the core. These results challenge the assumption that the only significant evolution on the western New Caledonia margin over the last 1.2Myrs was the expansion of the barrier reef at MIS11. This suggests that the history of the western New Caledonia margin may be more complicated than initially anticipated. These temporal variations in turbidite deposition are interpreted as reflecting changes in the level of carbonate production on the shallow shelf over the course of the 1.26Myr record. Shallow water carbonate production having decreased substantially during the period MIS23-MIS11. There are many possible controls on the shallow water carbonate production; such as: sea surface temperature and salinity, sea-level and nutrient availability. However, it is hypothesised that the principal control is glacial-interglacial sea-level change. It is proposed that prior to MIS23 sea-level was high enough during certain interglacial periods for significant carbonate production to occur on the shelf. However, from MIS23 onwards the climate proceeded into a period of ‘lukewarm’ interglacials which were both cooler and had lower sea-levels. It is hypothesised that during this period sea-level did not rise enough during highstands to flood the shelf sufficiently to allow for significant shallow water carbonate production. The high sea-levels of the long, warm MIS11then allowed for the expansion of the barrier reef (perhaps on substrates provided by former siliciclastic coast lines, deposited between MIS23-11) and its continuation during subsequent interglacial periods until the current day. This pattern of shallow shelf carbonate production is similar to those proposed for the Belize margin and the Gulf of Papua over the last 1.2Myrs. This thesis provides one of the first detailed investigations of gravity deposits in the New Caledonia Trough, providing information on their composition and timing over an unprecedented 1.26Myr time period. This study demonstrates that deep sea turbidites, sourced from shallow shelf areas, can be used to help reconstruct tropical reef growth histories. The results corroborate the work of previous researchers in the area and provide new insights into the history of reefs along the western New Caledonian margin. The main advantage of this method, compared to traditional borehole techniques, is the 10-fold reduction in the age uncertainty of events, to ±10 kyr. In addition, because turbidite material is sourced from a wide area along the coast, the method is able to provide information on reef history over a larger spatial area than single reef boreholes. This method can now be extended globally to help improve knowledge of the timing and history of tropical reef growth during the Quaternary. This will enable a better understanding of how reefs have impacted on, and been affected by, changes in climate, linked by feedbacks mechanisms via the global carbon cycle.
34
Pétriglieri, Jasmine Rita. "Alteration of asbestiform minerals under sub-tropical climate : mineralogical monitoring and geochemistry. The example of New Caledonia". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nouvelle Calédonie, 2017. http://portail-documentaire.unc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/These_Jasmine_Petriglieri-derniere_version_these.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
Sous climat humide tropical ou subtropical, les processus d'altération supergène sont les principaux responsables de la formation et de la libération des fibres d'amiante dans l’environnement. Plus du tiers de la Nouvelle Calédonie est recouvert d’unités ultrabasiques altérées, riches en minerai de Ni. L’exploitation minière du Ni doit composer avec la présence d’affleurements d’amiante et de minéraux fibreux de type serpentine et amphibole. Dans ce contexte, les sociétés minières doivent prévenir les risques sanitaires liés à l'exposition environnementale aux fibres minérales. Actuellement, il n'existe pas de technique analytique capable de caractériser instantanément une fibre d'amiante in situ, en fournissant des informations sur la distribution de taille, la morphologie, la composition chimique et le degré d'altération associés. Cependant, la connaissance de tous ces paramètres est nécessaire pour évaluer le risque sanitaire associé à l'exposition. L'utilisation des dispositifs portable tels quels la Microscopie Optique à Lumière Polarisée (MOLP) et la spectrométrie Raman représente la stratégie la plus efficace pour améliorer l'acquisition et l'interprétation des données, y compris pour les échantillons fortement fibreux et altérés. De plus, des analyses géochimiques préliminaires ont révélé que l'effet mécanique de la circulation des fluides entre les fibres et lamelles, associé à la lixiviation chimique des éléments à l'interface roche/eau, favorisent la dissociation des fibres et leur libération dans l'environnement. Un focus a été réalisé sur l'antigorite fibreuse, reconnue comme amiante uniquement dans la réglementation calédonienneUnder humid tropical to sub-tropical conditions, weathering processes and supergene mineralization are the main responsible for genesis and release of asbestos fibres. The New Caledonia is one of the largest world producers of Ni ore that is formed by the alteration of ultramafic rocks. Almost all outcrops of geological units and open mines contain serpentine and amphibole, also as asbestos varieties. Mining companies must therefore deal with the health concerns related to environmental exposure to mineral fibres. At present, there is not a technique capable to instantly characterize an asbestos fibre in situ, providing information about size and distribution, morphology, chemical composition and alteration grade. However, the acquisition of all these parameters is necessary for determining the health risk associated to fibre exposition. The employment of specialized tools such as Polarized Light Microscopy associated to Dispersion Staining (PLM/DS) and portable Raman spectroscopy has proved extremely effective in the improvement of performance and rapidity of data acquisition and interpretation, even in the presence of strongly fibrous and altered samples. Regardless of the alteration state, a great variability in morphology was observed (SEM investigation). Preliminary geochemical analyses have proved that the physical-mechanical effect of fluid circulation within the porous of fibres and lamellae, associated to chemical elemental exchange at rock/waters interface, favoured the dissociation of fibres and their release in the environment. A focus was set on fibrous antigorite, recognized as asbestos only by Caledonian legislation, but still not by European law
35
Berman, Maïa. "Impacts of anthropogenic fires and invasive ants on native ant diversity in New Caledonia : from genes to communities". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20086/document.
Abstract (sommario):
La destruction de l'habitat, les invasions biologiques et leur interaction sont des menaces majeures pour la biodiversité. La Nouvelle-Calédonie est menacée à la fois par des feux d'origine humaine, et par des fourmis invasives : il est important de comprendre leur impact sur ce biotope unique. Pour ce faire, une approche hiérarchique intégrant différents aspects de la biodiversité (composition, structure et fonction) a été adoptée. Les fourmis ont une grande importance écologique, en particulier en milieu tropical, et leur classification en groupes fonctionnels facilite l'interprétation de leur réponse aux perturbations environnementales. Les objectifs de cette étude étaient donc d'évaluer les impacts des feux, des fourmis invasives, et de leur interaction, sur les fourmis natives de Nouvelle-Calédonie, et ce à différentes échelles spatiales (globale, régionale, locale) et temporelles (court et long terme), ainsi qu'à divers niveaux d'organisation biologique (communautés, espèces, gènes). L'étude contribue à une meilleure connaissance de la myrmécofaune calédonienne, en révélant l'absence de fourmis souterraines spécialisées, et en documentant la distribution et composition des communautés de fourmis à l'échelle de l'île, en lien avec l'habitat et les fourmis exotiques. Les mécanismes par lesquels les feux impactent les fourmis natives, y compris en association avec les fourmis invasives, sont révélés. Le feu, en créant les conditions de micro- et macrohabitat favorisées par les fourmis invasives, facilite l'invasion, qui cause ensuite d'avantage de perte de diversité, soit quelques années après un incendie ou dans le contexte de la fragmentation à long terme. L'approche hiérarchique a permis de détecter des réponses contrastées au niveau des espèces et de la génétique, liées à différents traits d'histoire de vie, en plus des réponses mesurées au niveau des communautés. Cette étude souligne l'avantage d'une approche holistique pour adresser des problèmes liés à la biodiversitéHabitat destruction, biological invasions and their interaction are global drivers of biodiversity loss. The New Caledonian hotspot of biodiversity is threatened by both anthropogenic fires and invasive ants: it is important to understand their impacts on its biota. Because biodiversity spans several levels of organisation (from genes to communities) and relates to different attributes (compositional, structural and functional), this thesis takes a hierarchical approach to address this issue. Ants are of great ecological importance, especially in tropical biomes, and their classification into functional groups provides a global framework for analysing their response to disturbance. My aims were therefore to investigate the impacts of anthropogenic fires and invasive ants, and their interaction, on the native New Caledonian ant fauna at different spatial (global, regional, local) and temporal (short and long term) scales, and at different levels of biological organisation (community, species, genes). The study contributes to an improved knowledge of the New Caledonian ants, by revealing the lack of specialised subterranean species, and by investigating island-scale patterns of ant communities, in relation to habitat and invasion. The mechanisms by which fire impacts native ants, either as a standalone process or in association with invasion could be identified. In particular, I show that fire, by creating macro- and microhabitats favoured by invasive ants, facilitates invasion, which then causes further diversity declines, either in the short- (post-burning) or long-term (forest fragmentation). The hierarchical approach used enabled the detection of contrasting trait-derived responses at the species and genetic level, in addition to responses measured at the community level. This study highlights the advantage of a holistic approach to investigating biodiversity-related issues
36
Burns, Zackory T. "Quantifying the sociality of wild tool-using New Caledonian crows through an animal-borne technology". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:16db8026-53e4-4fb0-aa69-80d7cc34e183.
Abstract (sommario):
New Caledonian crows (NC crows; Corvus moneduloides) are the most prolific avian tool-users and crafters, using up to three unique tool types derived from numerous plant materials. Since the discovery that wild populations of NC crows use and manufacture different tools in different locations with no measured environmental correlates to these distributions, the process by which NC crows acquire their tool-oriented behavior has been investigated. Two major findings were discovered in 2005: NC crows have a genetic predisposition to manipulate stick like objects, and they increase their rate of manipulation when exposed to social influences. Since then, much of the research into the sociality of wild NC crows has focused on direct social influences, especially the parent-juvenile relationship, yet no social network of wild NC crows has been described. In my thesis, I characterized a new proximity-logging device, Encounternet, and outline a four-step plan to assess error in animal borne devices; uncovered drivers, such as relatedness, space-use, and environmental factors, of wild NC crow sociality, and experimentally manipulated the social network, revealing immediate changes to the number of day-time and roosting partners, the breakdown of first-order relatedness driving sociality, and an increase in the amount of time NC crows associate; and revealed an indirect pathway via tools left behind by conspecifics allowing for the transmission of tool-properties between unrelated NC crows. Altogether, I furthered our understanding of wild NC crow sociality through the use of an animal-borne device, experimental manipulation in the wild measuring the response of the NC crow social network, and demonstrated the utility of animal-borne devices in mapping the network of a population of wild birds.
37
Miles, Andrew James. "Genesis of zoned granite plutons in the Iapetus Suture Zone : new constraints from high-precision micro-analysis of accessory minerals". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7751.
Abstract (sommario):
The Trans-Suture Suite (TSS) of granitic plutons located in Northern Britain span the Iapetus Suture and represent a particularly enigmatic stage of post-Caledonian Devonian magmatism. Despite calc-alkaline affinities, proximity to the Iapetus Suture precludes a direct relationship to active subduction. Furthermore, the absence of inherited zircons distinguishes the TSS from plutons of a similar age throughout the Scottish Highlands, and is not easily reconciled with the abundance of peraluminous and S-type granites. Micro-analytical techniques are employed to analyse accessory zircon and apatite from three TSS plutons (Criffell, Fleet and Shap) in order to investigate connections between magmatic and tectonic processes within a continental suture zone. Accessory minerals contain a robust and accessible record of magma evolution. However, their trace element compositions are shown to document the final stages of pluton emplacement only, and are determined primarily by competitive crystallisation of other accessory phases at shallow crustal levels. By contrast, whole-rock compositions record an earlier stage of magma evolution that occurred in deeper and open-system crustal hot zones. The absence of inherited zircon in the final crystal assemblage reflects resorption during rapid and potentially adiabatic ascent of super-liquidus and water-rich magmas from the crustal hot zone. The concentrations of REE in apatite inclusions decrease with increasing crystallisation of other accessory minerals and in some samples have been distinguished on the basis of their host phase. In metaluminous granodiorites, no preferred crystallisation sequence is observed between host phases. In peraluminous samples, zircon-hosted apatite compositions appear more primitive compared to those hosted by other phases and reflects earlier saturation of zircon in these magmas. The isotopic record of zircon is shown to be biased towards earlier stages of magma evolution in peraluminous magmas and provides a means of assessing zircon isotope compositions in the context of often protracted histories during silicic magma evolution. The Mn content of apatite varies independently to whole-rock composition, correlating positively with decreasing oxygen fugacity and indices of increasing reduction. Apatite is proposed as a robust and effective redox proxy with application to magmatic, detrital and lunar studies of redox conditions. Zircon O-HfU- Th-Pb isotope compositions have identified increasing degrees of compositional heterogeneity in more silicic components of the TSS, including the involvement of more mafic magmas in the generation of the large S-type pluton of Fleet. Compositional trends between zircons from plutons emplaced on both sides of the Iapetus Suture are used to identify a common Avalonian component beneath the Southern Uplands and English Lake District related to Avalonian underthrusting beneath the Laurentian margin during the late Caledonian. New geochronological dating indicates that pluton emplacement occurred during periods of both pre- and post-Acadian transtension. The distinguishing characteristics of these plutons relative to other Caledonian plutons reflect their unique emplacement into the hydrated lithosphere of the Iapetus Suture Zone. Oxygen isotope disequilibrium between the magmatic compositions recorded by zircon and those of the whole-rock and some quartz crystals reflect hydrothermal alteration of the latter two archives. Hydrothermal alteration and exchange caused by 18O-rich magmatic fluids has elevated the 18O compositions of the whole-rock and some quartz crystals, with most disequilibrium observed around the outer margins of the plutons due to further fluid interaction with local 18O-rich sediments. The hydrothermal history of the TSS is markedly different from that of the British Tertiary Igneous Province where hydrothermal alteration resulted from circulation of meteoric water, reflecting significantly different magmatic and emplacement histories.
38
Read, Tyffen Chloe. "Population Structure, Migration and Habitat Ecology of the Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) in the Grand Lagon Sud of New Caledonia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367599.
Abstract (sommario):
Conservation management of wildlife populations requires a comprehensive understanding of the population structure, movement and ecology of threatened and endangered species. The green turtle, Chelonia mydas, is a species found in both tropical and subtropical waters worldwide and since 1982 is listed as endangered on the IUCN red list of threatened species. While C. mydas is afforded protection in many areas of the Pacific it still faces significant threats, both anthropogenic (e.g. by-catch from commercial and recreational fishing, directly targeted as a food sources by in-digenous groups and boat strikes) and environmental (e.g. climate change, coastal pollution and habitat degradation). These threats are real for C. mydas in New Caledonia (NC), however strate-gies to mitigate the threats are lacking as vital information on the C. mydas population structure, movement patterns and habitat use in NC is scant. Proof of C. mydas migration within the South-west Pacific, including linkages with NC and other Pacific countries, has been shown however more comprehensive data is needed. Furthermore, preliminary data suggest the Grand Lagon Sud (GLS) in NC provides important foraging grounds for C. mydas. However, identifying the spatial extent and habitat value of these foraging grounds is a challenge due to the complexity of the C. mydas life cycle and the species tendency for large scale migrations.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Engineering
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
39
Nicholson, Kirsten Ngaire. "The Tangihua complex, New Zealand : implications for cretaceous-oligocène convergent margin processes in the SW Pacific from comparison with the Poya terrane, New Caledonia". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10266.
Abstract (sommario):
De nouvelles donnees analytiques en elements majeurs, en elements traces et en isotopes des laves basaltiques du complexe ophiolitique de tangihua (nouvelle zelande) ont ete effectuees afin de presenter un modele sur la genese de ce complexe et une nouvelle interpretation de l'evolution tectonique de la nouvelle zelande au cretace. De nouvelles datations 4 0ar/ 3 9 ar ont confirme l'age de l'ophiolite vers 100 ma et revele un episode majeur d'alteration vers 30 ma, qui probablement correspond a l'age de l'obduction. Le complexe de tangihua est pour l'essentiel constitue par des roches volcaniques relativement homogenes et evoluees (mg<45) d'affinite le plus souvent tholeiitique, parfois calco-alcaline et localement alcaline. Le plagioclase (an66-87) est le mineral primaire le plus frequent avec en moindre quantite des phenocristaux de clinopyroxene (en31-52 fs10-33 wo 28-45, mg = 61), d'orthopyroxene et de magnetite, alors que l'olivine, la biotite et la hornblende sont rares. Les laves montrent un continuum entre des affinites d'arc et d'arriere-arc, marquees par des teneurs deprimees en nb et elements hfs suggerant qu'elles proviennent d'une partie appauvrie du manteau. Les modelisations montrent que les laves arriere-arc resultent d'une source deprimee et de liquides ayant subit au moins 35% de cristallisation fractionnee, tandis que les laves d'arc resulteraient d'une source davantage deprimee et de liquides ayant subit au moins 30% de cristallisation fractionnee. Les rapports eleves lile/hfse, et lile/ree suggerent un enrichissement en lile par un fluide acqueux lie a la croute subductee et peut etre aussi a des materiaux siliceux partiellement fondus. Les assemblages mineralogiques issus des alterations de basse temperature correspondent a trois phases principales, fonction des temperatures et du rapport eau/roche : une phase initiale marquee par la precipitation de zeolites sodiques, une phase transitoire riche en zeolites potassiques, sodiques et calciques, et finalement une phase de tres basse temperature (t<50\c) essentiellement potassique et calcique. Les schemas d'alteration dans le complexe de tangihua suggerent qu'entre la formation de l'ophiolite et son obduction, l'activite tectonique etait faible ou inexistante, ce qui a permis le developpement de l'alteration oceanique. Les teneurs en elements traces et les rapports isotopiques 8 7sr/ 8 6sr et 1 4 3nd/ 1 4 4nd du complexe de tangihua sont typiques des systemes d'arcs et d'arriere-arcs rencontres dans le pacifique sw. En nouvelle caledonie, l'unite de poya qui a longtemps ete consideree comme de meme origine (memes caracteristiques lithologiques, age de formation 80-85 ma) est en realite differente du point de vue geochimique revelant une histoire tectonique non identique pour ces deux complexes. La combinaison des contraintes geochimiques et tectoniques suggerent que le complexe de tangihua s'est forme dans une zone transitionnelle arc - bassin arriere-arc et/ou resulte du passage entre un volcanisme d'arc a un volcanisme arriere arc. La fin du cretace superieur, marque par la fragmentation des marges est et sud du gondwana, a vu le rapprochement et la collision naissante de la dorsale en expansion entre les plaques de phoenix et du pacifique.
40
Guerrier, Gilles. "Epidemiology of leptospirosis in New Caledonia and Futuna : symptomatic infections in children, symptomatic reinfections and incidence of Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066012/document.
Abstract (sommario):
La leptospirose, spirochetose tropicale négligée, est considérée comme la zoonose la plus répandue dans le monde. Selon l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, les formes sévères représentent 5 à 15% des infections humaines et le taux de létalité peut varier entre 5% et 30%. En Océanie et particulièrement en Nouvelle-Calédonie et à Futuna, la leptospirose est une préocupation majeure de santé publique: son incidence annuelle moyenne est de 45 pour 100 000 habitants et peut atteindre 150 pour 100 000 habitants pendant les saisons pluvieuses. Malgré les progrès considérables accomplis pour comprendre la physiopathologie de la maladie, plusieurs aspects de la leptospirose encore négligés méritent d’être exploré: les infections symptomatiques pédiatriques, la réaction de Jarisch-Herxheimer (JH) pourtant bien étudiée dans les autres spirochetoses, et les reinfections nécessitant une hospitalisation. Questions posées et objectifs: La pratique clinique suggère que les enfants hospitalisés pour leptosirose sont moins sévèrement atteints que les adultes. Les raisons susceptibles d’expiquer cette différence de présentation sont peu claires. L’obejctif de l’étude 1 était de décrire l’épidemiologie et le profil clinico-biologique des formes pédiatriques de leptospirose nécessitant une hospitalisation en Nouvelle Calédonie et d’identifier des différences en fonction des classes d’âge. La réalité de la réaction de Jarisch-Herxheimer – bien connue dans les autres spirochetoses – reste un sujet controversé dans la leptospirose. Afin d’effectuer une mise au point sur le sujet, une revue systématique de la littérature préalable à été réalisée (Etude 2) avant de préciser la prévalence, la sévérité, et les facteurs de risque des réactions de Jarisch-Herxheimer au cours des épisodes de leptospirose humaine traitée par antibiotiques en Nouvelle Calédonie et à Futuna (Etude 3)Leptospirosis is an endemo-epidemic zoonotic disease associated with potentially fatal renal, cardiovascular or pulmonary failure. Several aspects of the disease are poorly explored, including infections in children, Jarisch-Herxheimer reactions (JHR) and symptomatic re-infections. The objectives of the studies were the following: to describe disease spectrum and outcome differences in children and adolescents admitted for leptospirosis in a large at-risk population; to quantify frequency of and risk factors for JHR in leptospirosis management; and to assess incidence and characteristics of reinfection by leptospirosis in the Pacific region. Using a retrospective data collection, clinical and laboratory data were obtained on hospitalized confirmed cases in New Caledonia and in Futuna. A case-control study was designed to identify risk factors using a logistic regression model. There are four principal findings from this series of studies with direct implications for clinical practice in those settings. First, leptospirosis in New Caledonia is responsible for a limited number of admissions among children due to milder symptomatic clinical presentation. Second, although generally assumed to be a rare event, the true prevalence of JHR in leptospirosis is unknown in most part of the world. The awareness of this event is probably insufficient considering the significantly high proportion of JHR observed in Futuna. Third, recurrent episodes of symptomatic leptospirosis appear to be non-severe. Finally, specific immunity resulting from a previous episode of leptospirosis with the serovar Copenhageni did not protect against subsequent infection against the same serovar. Future research based those results may provide insights into the still challenging pathogenesis of this complex infectious disease
41
Horowitz, Leah Sophie, e LeahH@ihug com au. "Stranger in One's Own Home : a micropolitical ecological analysis of the engagements of Kanak villagers with a multinational mining project in New Caledonia". The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20031015.150235.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis takes an actor-oriented approach to a micropolitical analysis of the engagements of Kanak villagers in the Voh-Koné area, New Caledonia, with the Koniambo Project, a proposed joint nickel mining venture involving a multinational (Falconbridge) and a local mining company (SMSP). In the introductory chapter, I outline my theoretical framework, which expands political ecology by applying insights from micropolitical theory to a focus on intracommunity disputes surrounding natural resource exploitation projects. I argue that such a close examination is necessary if we are to understand local tensions and factions and their multiple influences on the outcomes of development projects. ¶
The Koniambo Project promises to redress some of the economic imbalances prevalent in the archipelago by benefiting the largely Kanak, and historically underprivileged, Northern Province. Thus, this mining project has great politico-economic significance, both for pro-independence leaders as well as for those who wish to maintain New Caledonia as a part of France. However, while people expected benefits for the Kanak people as a whole, the project sparked intracommunity conflicts at the local level. I argue that villagers claims to the right to authorize mining activities as well as their desires to receive recognition from the mining company reflected their eagerness to prove a high social position. Meanwhile, in line with the traditionally competitive political climate within Kanak communities, there were many debates about who exactly the landowners were. Indeed, the projects potential to disrupt or reinforce control over land which, unlike material goods, was a socially acceptable object of overt rivalry created unexpected socio-political stakes. These differential micropolitical possibilities shaped peoples discourses about the projects other impacts. For instance, those who expected to be able to access employment opportunities as well as social recognition from the mining project were more inclined not to worry about the projects consequences for natural/cultural resources. Similarly, Voh-Koné area villagers statements and actions regarding dangers from spirits or forbidden places were strongly influenced by their expectations of the projects ability to strengthen or weaken their social status, as determined by their genealogies and proven through demonstrations of their relationships to their ancestors. ¶
In the final chapter, I provide a summary of my conclusions about the micropolitics behind local community members engagements with the Koniambo Project. Next I explain how, while this case itself is unique due to the projects unusual politico-economic significance, the theoretical framework and methodology outlined in this thesis can help to create balanced, nuanced analyses of intracommunity diversity and micropolitical conflicts that objectively yet sympathetically portray local people as real human beings. Finally, I suggest new directions for further research on the interactions of mining companies and local communities.
42
DeLong, Kristine L. "Reconstructing 20th century SST variability in the southwest pacific : a replication study using multiple coral Sr/Ca records from New Caledonia". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001734.
43
Myagkiy, Andrey. "Mineralization of Nickel in saprolitic ore of New Caledonia : Dynamics of metal transfer and modeling of coupled geochemical and hydrodynamic processes". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0277/document.
Abstract (sommario):
La Nouvelle-Calédonie détient d’importantes réserves de nickel latéritique et est devenue, en 2017, le cinquième producteur mondial de Ni. Ces dépôts sont habituellement considérés comme résultant d’altération latéritique intense de la péridotite, qui constitue la principale source de nickel. Ainsi, le principal modèle conceptuel de la formation des minerais de nickel latéritique en Nouvelle-Calédonie est un modèle per descensum où la plupart des éléments (Mg, Ni et Si) ont été lessivés depuis la surface, en particulier lors du développement du sol latéritique. Le nickel est ensuite reprécipité, soit dans la goethite de la latérite fine, soit au niveau de la saprolite, sous forme de goethite et de silicates Mg-Ni, dont des talc-like ou kérolite. Les observations minéralogiques et structurales récentes ainsi que les données minières ont cependant mis en évidence de nombreux types d’hétérogénéités dans les concentrations, et la distribution des porteurs de Ni. Comprendre les facteurs la mobilité de cet élément, ses mécanismes de piégeage ainsi que les paramètres chimiques et hydrodynamiques à l’origine de ce piégeage, est essentiel afin de prévoir la distribution du nickel dans les profils latéritiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie, et constitue l’objectif de cette thèse. Ce travail est basé sur le développement (i) d’un modèle 1D s’intéressant en particulier au comportement géochimique du nickel lors de l’altération de l’ophiolite, sa comparaison avec les observations in situ et une compréhension détaillée de la mobilité des éléments traces pendant le processus, et (ii) d’un modèle 2D hydro-géochimique couplé avec l’hydrodynamique complexe des profils latéritiques, améliorant ainsi la connaissance du contrôle structural sur la redistribution et la minéralisation du nickel. Tandis que les simulations 1D permettent de mieux comprendre les aspects chimiques contrôlant les processus de rétention du nickel au sein d’un profil, le modèle 2D se révèle être un outil puissant pour la compréhension de la formation des dépôts locaux les plus riches en nickel. Les résultats du modèle 2D montrent une remobilisation du nickel depuis les horizons supérieurs puis sa reprécipitation sous forme de silicates dans la saprolite. Le nickel remobilisé provient principalement de la zone saprolitique à cause de la dissolution des silicates de nickel formés précédemment ainsi que de l’olivine résiduelle de cette zone. Ce modèle a également révélé que l’horizon latéritique (et en particulier les oxy- hydroxydes de nickel) avait un faible impact dans la remobilisation du nickel. L’infiltration latérale de l’eau contenant le nickel dissout issu des formations surincombantes est à l’origine de la formation des zones les plus riches dans les parties inférieures du profil. Cette redistribution est entièrement contrôlée par l’hydrodynamique locale, la topographie ainsi que l’orientation et la position des fractures. Les modèles présentés permettent d’expliquer les processus de formation des minerais de nickel latéritique saprolitique, améliorant ainsi la compréhension des paramètres contrôlant la mobilité des éléments traces dans un environnement ultramafique. Ceci donne une nouvelle clé de distribution du nickel dans les profils actuels, qui peut devenir un outil pour la prospection minière, et la recherche de nouvelles ressources exploitablesNew Caledonia hosts significant lateritic nickel reserves, and presently became the fifth largest Ni producer in the world. These deposits are generally thought to be closely as- sociated with the intense chemical and mechanical weathering of peridotite bedrock that is a principal source of nickel. Thus, the main ore genesis model for Ni ores in New Caledonia is based on a single per descensum model where most elements (Mg, Ni, and Si) are leached from the surface, particularly, during lateritic soil development. Nickel is then concentrated either in the fine-grained laterite where goethite is the main Ni bearer, the so-called ’lateritic ore’, or below the laterites, in the saprolite level, where nickel occurs as goethite and several types of Mg-Ni silicates, in particular kerolite. Recent mineralogical and structural observations together with mining data have revealed a lot of different types of heterogeneities associated with the distribution and mineralogy of Ni bearing minerals. Therefore, in depth investigations of Ni mobility, its retardation processes along with its governing chemical and hydrodynamic parameters are of big importance for understanding and subsequent prediction of Ni distribution in profiles of New Caledonia. Such an investigation is an objective of the present work. The concept is based on the development of i) a powerful 1D model with particular emphasis on Ni geochemical behavior during ophiolite weathering, its comparison with in situ observations, and detailed understanding of trace elements mobility, and ii) 2D hydro-geochemical model coupled with complex hydrodynamics, that would additionally provide new insight into the structural control on Ni redistribution and mineralization. While the 1D simulations provide a remarkable result for understanding the chemical features that drive Ni retention processes in a profile, 2D model appears to be a powerful tool for understanding how local Ni-enrichments may form. The results of this model show the reactivation of Ni from upper horizons and its concentration in neo-formed silicates in bottom of the saprolite. The reactivated Ni comes mostly from the saprolite horizon due to the redissolution of previously formed Ni-bearing silicates and still persisting in this olivine zone. Modeling has revealed minor contribution of the laterite horizon (Ni-oxi-hydroxides) into the Ni remobilization. The lateral infiltration of water with remobilized Ni from areas such as topographic highs to downstream slope areas leads to the formation of richest deposits in this lower part of profile. The manner of redistribution is fully governed by the topographic slopes, orientation and position of the fractures. Presented models appear to be of importance in attempt of explanation of Ni mineralization processes, revealing the main keys to understanding the control of trace elements mobility in ultramafic environment. The latter gives new insights into the Ni distribution in present day profiles and, therefore, may greatly help in mineral prospecting and forecasting the distribution of future resources
44
Stephans, Christie L. "Assessing the Reproducibility of Coral-based Climate Records: A Multi-proxy Replication Test using Three Porites lutea Coral Heads from New Caledonia". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000165.
45
Marre, Jean-Baptiste. "Quantifying economic values of coastal and marine ecosystem services and assessing their use in decision-making : applications in New Caledonia and Australia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/76132/1/Jean-Baptiste_Marre_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
This thesis deals with the issues of quantifying economic values of coastal and marine ecosystem services and assessing their use in decision-making. The first analytical part of the thesis focuses on estimating non-market use and non-use values, with an application in New-Caledonia using Discrete Choice Experiment. The second part examines how and to what extent the economic valuation of ecosystem services is used in coastal management decision-making with an application in Australia. Using a multi-criteria analysis, the relative importance of ecological, social and economic evaluation criteria is also assessed in the context of coastal development.
46
Orr, Julie M. "New Caledonia's wake : expanding the story of Company of Scotland expeditions to Darien, 1698-1700". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ab1956a2-fbfb-4e29-b024-a7a485e98342.
Abstract (sommario):
Although previous examinations of the failed 1698-1700 Company of Scotland initiative to establish a colony on the Isthmus of Panama have emphasized its impact on the political future of Great Britain, the endeavor also intruded into a broader spectrum of geography, commercial enterprise and sociopolitics. The thesis examines the wider reverberations of the effort across four continents. Ranging from interruption of the lucrative slavetrade to the creation of an unintentional diaspora to opportunities for new alliances among European powers to ramifications for the indigenous Cuna, the Company of Scotland intruded into events on the eve of the seventeenth century in ways far beyond those previously considered.
47
DeLong, Kristine Lee. "Paleoclimatic reconstruction and evaluation of sub-centennial climate variability in the late Holocene using records from massive corals (New Caledonia), tree-rings (New Mexico) and speleothems (China)". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002726.
48
Smati, Hossem Edine. "Physical forcing of zooplankton in the upper oligotrophic ocean off Bermuda (northwestern Atlantic) and New Caledonia (southwestern Pacific) from acoustics and net measurements". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4073.
Abstract (sommario):
Les forçages physiques conditionnent la discontinuité dans l'espace et le temps (patchiness) du plancton dans l'océan. La thèse s'est basée sur deux exemples. Le premier concerne le nord-ouest des Sargasses où une série temporelle à du macrozooplankton a été analysée à partir du rétro signal acoustique (Sv) mesuré avec un ADCP 153-KHz. Trois types de tourbillons ont été identifiés: un tourbillon cyclonique productif, la périphérie d'un tourbillon "mode-water", et la périphérie d'un tourbillon anticyclonique. Les valeurs de Sv ont augmenté au cours du passage des tourbillons, avec une hausse plus marquée associée au bord des tourbillons cyclonique et anticyclonique, ce qui suggère une réponse biologique significative aux upwelling localisées dans la zone frontale de ces tourbillons. Dans le deuxième exemple, la distribution spatiale et temporelle du zooplancton a été étudiée au large de la Nouvelle-Calédonie au cours de deux campagnes multidisciplinaires en 2011. La variabilité du zooplancton a été évaluée à l'aide d'échantillonnage au filet ainsi qu'à partir de mesures acoustiques (ADCP embarqué, échosondeur scientifique et TAPS). Des amplitudes plus élevées de la migration verticale nycthémérale (DVM) du zooplancton étaient associées à une plus grande abondance de petit zooplancton et aux eaux froides du sud de la zone d'étude, tandis que des amplitudes de DVM plus faibles dans le nord étaient associés à des eaux plus chaudes et à de plus grande abondance des grands organismes. Ces mesures acoustique ont clairement mis en évidence le rôle des forçage physique, notamment des structures à méso-échelle, sur la répartition spatiale et temporelle du zooplanctonPhysical forcing drives the space and time discontinuity (patchiness) of plankton in the ocean. The thesis was focused on the role of these forcing on the zooplankton, studied using both acoustic and traditional methods with net sampling. The study was based on two examples. The first one concerns the northwestern Sargasso Sea where high resolution time-series data on 0-200m macrozooplankton abundance and distribution off Bermuda was estimated from volume backscattering strength (Sv) measured with a 153-Khz ADCP. Three types of eddies were identified: a productive cyclonic eddy, the periphery of a mode water eddy, and the periphery of an anticyclonic eddy. Sv values increased during passage of theses eddies, with a more pronounced increase associated with the edge of the cyclonic and the anticyclonic eddies, suggesting a significant biological response to localized upwelling in the high velocity boundary of these eddies. In the second example, spatial and temporal distribution of zooplankton off New Caledonia was studied during two multidisciplinary cruises in 2011. Zooplankton variability was assessed using net sampling together with acoustic measurements (shipborne ADCP, scientific echosounder and TAPS). Higher amplitudes of diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton were associated with higher abundance of large zooplankton and cold waters to the south of the study area, while lower DVM amplitudes in the north were associated with warmer waters and higher abundance of small organisms. These acoustic measurements clearly evidenced the role of physical forcing, particularly mesoscale features, in shaping zooplankton space and time distribution
49
McMenamin, Dorothy. "Leprosy and Stigma in the South Pacific: Camaraderie in Isolation". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2913.
Abstract (sommario):
The oral histories utilized by this research reveal the experiences of those
who suffered leprosy in five South Pacific nations, Fiji, New Caledonia,
Samoa, Tonga and Vanuatu. This thesis explores how leprosy and its stigma
impacted on the lives of these people, some of whom suffered decades of
isolation at various leprosaria including the case of one New Caledonian
resident for nearly seventy years.
The testimonies of their experiences of diagnosis, removal into isolation,
medical treatment and eventual discharge back to their homes implicitly
contain descriptions of attitudes of stigma in their communities. This
research reveals that where there is openness and knowledge about the
minimal risk of leprosy contagion, as occurred in Fiji and Vanuatu from the
1950s, less stigma is attached to the disease. Nevertheless even in these
countries, prior to the 1950s and availability of any effective medication, the
fear and horror of the physical effects of leprosy was such that the victims
were either cast out or chose to move away from their homes. This
segregation led to groups of leprosy sufferers banding together to help care
for each other. Once the policy of isolation in leprosaria was implemented,
advanced cases of leprosy benefited from the better medical facilities and
found opportunities for friendships and camaraderie. However, where the
conditions at leprosaria were miserable and movements of the residents
visibly restricted by fences, as occurred in Samoa and Tonga, there was
heightened leprosy stigma.
Perceptions of stigma varied from person to person and region to region.
Higher levels of stigma were evident in New Caledonia, where leprosaria
had been situated at former prison sites and strict isolation enforced, and in
Tonga, where the removal of all leprosy sufferers had from the earliest days
been associated with biblical strictures asserting that leprosy was a curse and
the sufferers unclean. Following the availability of sulphone treatment in
the South Pacific in the1950s and the improved medication in the 1980s,
leprosy need no longer be physically disfiguring or disabling. Assisted by
the generous donations gathered by the Pacific Leprosy Foundation in New
Zealand to the medical services at the central leprosy hospital in Fiji, and by
direct assistance to leprosy sufferers in the Pacific, the disadvantages that
were imposed by leprosy in the past are disappearing and as one contributor
to the project said ‘the time of darkness’ is ending.
50
Waseem, Muhammad. "Biodiversité et stratégies adaptatives des bactéries mycorhizosphériques associées aux Tristaniopsis spp. dans les écosystèmes ultramafiques de Nouvelle-Calédonie". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20220.
Abstract (sommario):
Les écosystèmes ultramafiques (serpentiniques) de Nouvelle-Calédonie sont considérés comme des « hotspots » de la biodiversité, notamment en raison des pressions adaptatives exercées par des conditions édaphiques drastiques. En effet, ces sols, résultant de l'altération naturelle du manteau océanique, sont composés de plus de 85% d'oxydes de fer, sont déficients en N, P, K, déséquilibrés en Ca/Mg et riches en métaux lourds (Ni, Cr, Mn, Co). Dans les associations entre végétaux et microorganismes du sol, les deux partenaires jouent un rôle essentiel dans l'adaptation aux conditions édaphiques, essentiellement au niveau de la tolérance aux métaux lourds. Dans notre étude, nous avons choisi des espèces endémiques du genre Tristaniopsis (Myrtaceae) comme plantes modèles pour étudier le rôle des champignons ectomycorhiziens et des bactéries associées à l'adaptation des plantes au nickel. Pour étudier l'effet des sols ultramafiques sur la diversité des ectomycorhizes et des bactéries mycorhizosphériques, ainsi que sur les déterminants génétiques de résistance/adaptation des bactéries associées, environ 150 ectomycorhizes ont été échantillonnées à partir de quatre sites ultramafiques (trois au massif du Koniambo et un dans la forêt de Desmazures) et deux non-ultramafiques reposant sur des sols volcano-sédimentaires (site d'Arama). La caractérisation génotypique et phylogénétique des ectomycorhizes et des bactéries mycorhizosphériques obtenues a révélé la présence d'une grande diversité de champignons (principalement Cortinarius, Pisolithus, Russula, Boletellus) et de bactéries (Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Bacillus) dans les deux types de sols, avec une richesse spécifique particulièrement élevée dans les sols ultramafiques. De plus, les bactéries mycorhizosphériques provenant des sols ultramafiques avaient des proportions significativement plus élevées d'isolats portant les gènes nreB et cnrT que celles issues des sols volcano-sédimentaires. Une forte corrélation positive a également été observée entre l'occurence de ces gènes, connus pour conférer la tolérance aux métaux lourds chez les bactéries, et la tolérance des isolats au nickel en culture pure. La récente mise en évidence de souches bactériennes mycorhizosphériques Ni-tolérantes et promotrices de la croissance de Pisolithus albus en co-culture doivent permettre d'identifier des bactéries auxiliaires de la mycorhization qui pourront être ensuite exploitées dans le cadre de programmes de revégétalisation de sites ultramafiques miniers en Nouvelle CalédonieNew Caledonian ultramafic (serpentine) ecosystems are considered as hotspots of biodiversity, partly because of the adaptative pressure exerted by drastic edaphic conditions. Indeed these soils resulting from natural weathering of oceanic mantle could be composed of up to 85 % of iron oxides and are deficient in N.P.K., unbalance for the Ca/Mg ratio and rich in heavy metals Ni, Cr, Mn, Co. Both plant and soil microbes play a vital role in the adaptation to soil conditions mainly heavy metal uptake and tolerance. In our study, we choose endemic species of the genus Tristaniopsis (Myrtaceae) as model plant to study the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi and associated bacteria in plant adaptation to nickel. To investigate the effect of ultramafic soils on ectomycorrhiza and mycorrhizosphere bacteria diversities as well as on the genetic determinants of resistance/adaptation of associated mycorrhizosphere bacteria, 200 ectomycorrhizas were sampled from four different ultramafic sites (3 in Koniambo and 1 in Desmazures forest) vs two non-ultramafic ones from volcano-sedimentary soils (Arama). Molecular characterization of ectomycorrhiza (rRNA ITS) and associated mycorrhizosphere bacteria (16S rRNA) from these samples showed the presence of different fungi (Pisolithus albus, Russula spp., Boletellus spp.) and bacteria (Burkholderia spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp.) that can be found in both soils. However, bacteria isolated from ultramafic soils could grow in the presence of Ni up to 20 mmol L-1 and contained cnrA and nreB genes, known to confer heavy metal tolerance, contrary to bacteria isolated from non-ultramafic soils. Moreover, we found a strong positive correlation between heavy metal tolerance and P-solubilizing ability. Further knowledge on functional diversity of ectomycorrhiza-mycorrhizosphere bacteria associations and its role in the adaptation of plants to ultramafic soils would help in the understanding of plant functioning on New Caledonian mine sites