Articoli di riviste: "Neutral mask"

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Henderson, Jan, e Sara Tilley. "Clowning and Neutral Mask". Canadian Theatre Review 183 (1 giugno 2020): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.183.004.

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Oliva, Gaetano. "Education to Theatricality and Neutral Mask: Psycho-Pedagogical Approach". Creative Education 07, n. 11 (2016): 1656–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2016.711169.

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Lyakso, E. E., O. V. Frolova, A. S. Grigoriev, Yu O. Filatova e O. V. Makhnytkina. "Recognition of Emotional States of Children with down Syndrome by Facial Expression: Perceptual and Automatic Analysis of Dynamic Images". Experimental Psychology (Russia) 15, n. 3 (2022): 140–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2022150310.

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The study is devoted to the investigation of the recognition of the emotional state of children with Down syndrome (DS) by their facial expression. For this purpose, a series of perceptual experiments involving adults (n=75) and automatic analysis of the facial expressions of children (n=35, aged 5—16 years) were carried out using the FaceReader program. The ability of adults to recognize the emotional states of children: joy — neutral (calm state) — sadness — anger, by open faces and faces with masks over the eyes and mouth is shown. Better recognition of the state of joy and neutral state under the condition of an open face and a decrease in recognition accuracy in a mask in the eye area compared to the absence of a mask and a mask in the mouth area were found. Automatic recognition of the states of joy and neutral states is better than the states of sadness and anger, if the face is open and the mask in the mouth area of the child. The conditions for use the automatic recognition of facial expression in children with DS and for applying the method of perceptual analysis for identifying the specificity of the child emotional sphere development are discussed.

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Mills, Eleanor, e Kun Guo. "Impact of Face Masks on Female Body Perception is Modulated by Facial Expressions". Perception 51, n. 1 (25 novembre 2021): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03010066211061092.

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People routinely wear face masks during the pandemic, but little is known about their impact on body perception. In this online study, we presented female body images of Caucasian avatars in common dress sizes displaying happy, angry, and neutral facial expressions with and without face masks, and asked women to rate the perceived body attractiveness and body size. In comparison with mask-off condition, mask-on decreased body attractiveness ratings for happy avatars but did not affect ratings for neutral avatars irrespective of avatar dress sizes. For avatars displaying angry expressions, mask-on increased body attractiveness ratings for slimmer avatars but did not affect ratings for larger avatars. On the other hand, body size estimation was not systematically affected by face masks and facial expressions. It appears that face masks mainly show an expression-dependent influence on body attractiveness judgement, possibly through suppressing the perceived facial expressions.

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Cotfas, Liviu-Adrian, Camelia Delcea, Rareș Gherai e Ioan Roxin. "Unmasking People’s Opinions behind Mask-Wearing during COVID-19 Pandemic—A Twitter Stance Analysis". Symmetry 13, n. 11 (21 ottobre 2021): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13111995.

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Wearing a mask by the general public has been a controversial issue from the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic as the public authorities have had mixed messages, either advising people not to wear masks if uninfected, to wear as a protective measure, to wear them only when inside a building/room with insufficient air flow or to wear them in all the public places. To date, the governments have had different policies regarding mask-wearing by the general public depending on the COVID-19 pandemic evolution. In this context, the paper analyzes the general public’s opinion regarding mask-wearing for the one-year period starting from 9 January 2020, when the first tweet regarding mask-wearing in the COVID-19 context has been posted. Classical machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been considered in analyzing the 8,795,633 tweets extracted. A random sample of 29,613 tweets has been extracted and annotated. The tweets containing news and information related to mask-wearing have been included in the neutral category, while the ones containing people’s opinions (for or against) have been marked using a symmetrical approach into in favor and against categories. Based on the analysis, it has been determined that most of the mask tweets are in the area of in favor or neutral, while a smaller percentage of tweets and retweets are in the against category. The evolution of the opinions expressed through tweets can be further monitored for extracting the public perspective on mask-wearing in times of COVID-19.

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Brozas Polo, María Paz. "PEDAGOGÍA DE LA MÁSCARA NEUTRA. CONVERSACIONES CON GISÈLE BARRET". Acotaciones. Revista de Investigación y Creación Teatral 1, n. 48 (27 giugno 2022): 71–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.32621/acotaciones.2022.48.03.

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En este artículo se indaga en los fundamentos que sostienen las experiencias colectivas con la máscara neutra en contextos formativos. Para ello se realizan diez entrevistas a lo largo de 2020 —entre París y León— a Gisèle Barret (Orán, 1933), pionera de la «expresión dramática» en los 70 —en Canadá y Francia—, que en los 90 expandió su práctica con máscara neutra en países hispanohablantes. Esta serie de conversaciones nos permite, además del reconocimiento de un enorme legado pedagógico, la exploración sistemática de los recursos didácticos —en particular de los objetos y de la música—, así como la inmersión en los conceptos de presencia corporal y de transversalidad. El objeto máscara, se nos revela, con esta metodología, como tesoro depositario de una visión trascendental del teatro y de las artes del cuerpo, sobre el que pesan, además, todas las dudas, paradojas y sospechas sobre nuestros modos de transmisión o facilitación.

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Blumenthal, Richard. "Is computing hiding behind a mask of software neutrality?" ACM SIGCAS Computers and Society 49, n. 2 (22 gennaio 2021): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3447903.3447912.

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Recently, I've been reading Kendi's How to be an Antiracist , in which he posits "there is no neutrality in the racism struggle" and further notes "the claim of 'not racist' neutrality is a mask for racism" [5]. This position and his subsequent justification made me wonder whether software can be neutral and what might be hidden by computing neutrality's mask?

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Levitan, Carmel A., Isabelle Rusk, Danielle Jonas-Delson, Hanyun Lou, Lennon Kuzniar, Gray Davidson e Aleksandra Sherman. "Mask wearing affects emotion perception". i-Perception 13, n. 3 (maggio 2022): 204166952211073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695221107391.

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To reduce the spread of COVID-19, mask wearing has become ubiquitous in much of the world. We studied the extent to which masks impair emotion recognition and dampen the perceived intensity of facial expressions by naturalistically inducing positive, neutral, and negative emotions in individuals while they were masked and unmasked. Two groups of online participants rated the emotional intensity of each presented image. One group rated full faces (N=104); the other (N=102) rated cropped images where only the upper face was visible. We found that masks impaired the recognition of and rated intensity of positive emotions. This happened even when the faces were cropped and the lower part of the face was not visible. Masks may thus reduce positive emotion and/or expressivity of positive emotion. However, perception of negativity was unaffected by masking, perhaps because unlike positive emotions like happiness which are signaled more in the mouth, negative emotions like anger rely more on the upper face.

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Caponas, G. "Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway". Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 30, n. 5 (ottobre 2002): 551–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0203000503.

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The Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway (ILMA) was introduced into clinical practice in 1997 following numerous clinical trials involving 1110 patients. The success rate of blind intubation via the device after two attempts is 88% in “routine” cases. Successful intubation in a variety of difficult airway scenarios, including awake intubation, has been described, with the overall success rate in the 377 patients reported being approximately 98%. The use of the ILMA by the novice operator has also been investigated with conflicting reports as to its suitability for emergency intubation in this setting.Blind versus visualized intubation techniques have also been investigated. These techniques may provide some benefits in improved safety and success rates, although the evidence is not definitive. The use of a visualizing technique is recommended, especially whilst experience with intubation via the ILMA is being gained. The risk of oesophageal intubation is reported as 5% and one death has been described secondary to the complications of oesophageal perforation during blind intubation. Morbidity described with the use of the ILMA includes sore throat, hoarse voice and epiglottic oedema. Haemodynamic changes associated with intubation via the ILMA are of minimal clinical consequence.The ILMA is a valuable adjunct to the airway management armamentarium, especially in cases of difficult airway management. Success with the device is more likely if the head of the patient is maintained in the neutral position, when the operator has practised at least 20 previous insertions and when the accompanying lubricated armoured tube is used.

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Shtefyuk, Valeria. "Actress training by Michael Saint-Denis: improvisation in a mask". Collection of scientific works “Notes on Art Criticism”, n. 39 (1 settembre 2021): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32461/2226-2180.39.2021.238738.

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The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of the theatrical and pedagogical activity of M. Saint-Denis and to reveal the specifics of the acting training "Improvisation in a mask" in the context of students' work with a neutral and characteristic mask. Methodology. The biographical method was applied (to cover the director's and pedagogical activity of M. Saint-Denis); the typological method (for identifying and determining the main features of the theatrical pedagogy of M. Saint-Denis in general and the methods of teaching the actor developed by him in particular); the method of comparative analysis (for the study of the training "Improvisation in a mask" with neutral and characteristic masks), etc. Scientific novelty. Studied the actor's training "Improvisation in the mask" of the leading theater director and teacher of the twentieth century. M. Saint-Denis and revealed the features of the work of student actors with a neutral and characteristic mask; analyzed the theatrical and pedagogical activities of M. Saint-Denis as a standardizer of theatrical practice in the context of the developed and implemented curricula for acting in drama schools founded with his assistance (London Theater Studio, Old Vic School, Strasbourg Higher School of Dramatic Art, Canadian National Theater School and the Juilliard Drama Department). Conclusions. M. Saint-Denis's holistic model of acting training is formed on the basis of an organic combination of a physical approach, in which the body learns to turn into an absolute expressive instrument, an internal approach, the so-called realistic characterization, and a comprehensive understanding of the style in the context of mastering physical, vocal, intellectual, creative and emotional skills, allows student actors to master all kinds of drama. The study revealed that the mask was considered by M. Saint-Denis as a temporary working tool that helps to reduce feelings of insecurity and awkwardness, enhance the ability of internal self-awareness, enhance expression and experimental activity, develop concentration of attention, self-control of a student-actor and a harmonious path from the inception of physical qualities. character to their external dramatic expression. The student's task is to fill the mask, to give it life and feelings. If the actor who animates the mask is convincing and sincere, it feels like he has his own facial expression. The aim of the training is: to eradicate cliché-manners; teach students to develop and release creative impulses; to teach students to work on classical roles or roles of the "big style" (according to M. Saint-Denis).

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MacKenzie, Cheryl M., e Alan Hedge. "Is Peppermint an Ergogenic Aid to Athletic Performance?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, n. 13 (settembre 2005): 1229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901303.

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This study investigated the effects of a claimed ergogenic aid, peppermint odor inhalation, on running performance, under different experimenter-induced odor expectancy conditions. Eighteen fit, young women subjects performed 3 × ¼-mile runs, under three randomly assigned treatments: peppermint-scented mask; unscented mask; and no mask. Each subject was also given either a positive, negative, or neutral expectancy information message regarding peppermint's influence on performance. Results showed that neither peppermint inhalation nor expectancy information had any significant effect on running time. However, expectancy information did slow the running times of high positive affect subjects. Subjects receiving negative information showed significantly slower heart rates during the running task.

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Bodenschatz, Charlott Maria, Anette Kersting e Thomas Suslow. "Effects of Briefly Presented Masked Emotional Facial Expressions on Gaze Behavior: An Eye-Tracking Study". Psychological Reports 122, n. 4 (22 luglio 2018): 1432–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294118789041.

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Orientation of gaze toward specific regions of the face such as the eyes or the mouth helps to correctly identify the underlying emotion. The present eye-tracking study investigates whether facial features diagnostic of specific emotional facial expressions are processed preferentially, even when presented outside of subjective awareness. Eye movements of 73 healthy individuals were recorded while completing an affective priming task. Primes (pictures of happy, neutral, sad, angry, and fearful facial expressions) were presented for 50 ms with forward and backward masking. Participants had to evaluate subsequently presented neutral faces. Results of an awareness check indicated that participants were subjectively unaware of the emotional primes. No affective priming effects were observed but briefly presented emotional facial expressions elicited early eye movements toward diagnostic regions of the face. Participants oriented their gaze more rapidly to the eye region of the neutral mask after a fearful facial expression. After a happy facial expression, participants oriented their gaze more rapidly to the mouth region of the neutral mask. Moreover, participants dwelled longest on the eye region after a fearful facial expression, and the dwell time on the mouth region was longest for happy facial expressions. Our findings support the idea that briefly presented fearful and happy facial expressions trigger an automatic mechanism that is sensitive to the distribution of relevant facial features and facilitates the orientation of gaze toward them.

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Mihai, R., K. Ellis, N. Verginis, M. Davey e G. Nixon. "P094 CPAP Service Patient Experience Survey". SLEEP Advances 2, Supplement_1 (1 ottobre 2021): A51—A52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.138.

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Abstract Introduction Increasing numbers of children with obstructive sleep apnoea require continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. We aimed to collect feedback from parents/carers about our CPAP education and follow-up programme. Methods An online survey link was texted to families of children starting outpatient CPAP from Jan 2019 -Feb 2021. Questions assessed satisfaction with the CPAP initiation process, including education by our nurse educator (NE), mask fitting, using equipment, accessing help, confidence using CPAP and follow up. Open-ended feedback was invited. Results 17/55 (31%) of eligible families responded. “Very satisfied” responses regarding CPAP education ranged from 76% (discussion of costs) to 94% (machine use and maintenance). All families felt confident starting CPAP at home. Two reported issues starting CPAP, but reported feeling fully supported by staff remotely to troubleshoot. All families were “somewhat” or “very satisfied” with NE follow-up, with 2 families more neutral about physician follow-up. Two families reported lower satisfaction (“somewhat dissatisfied” or neutral) with the range of paediatric masks, rather than with the mask fitting process itself. Of 14 general comments, 64% were positive (most common theme was high standard of care from the NE); 21% negative (lack of mask choices, location of consulting suites); and 15% neutral. Suggestions for improvement included financial support information, support groups and online consumable ordering. Discussion Families feel confident and well supported to commence outpatient CPAP, highlighting the care, knowledge and support provided by our team. Findings emphasize the importance of a dedicated NE. Suggestions provided will inform future service improvements.

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Liang, Yafen, William R. Kimball, Robert M. Kacmarek, Warren M. Zapol e Yandong Jiang. "Nasal Ventilation Is More Effective than Combined Oral–Nasal Ventilation during Induction of General Anesthesia in Adult Subjects". Anesthesiology 108, n. 6 (1 giugno 2008): 998–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e318174f027.

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Background The authors hypothesized that nasal mask ventilation may be more effective than combined oral-nasal mask ventilation during induction of general anesthesia. They tested this hypothesis by comparing the volume of carbon dioxide removed per breath with nasal versus combined oral-nasal mask ventilation in nonparalyzed, apneic, adult subjects during induction of general anesthesia. Methods Fifteen adult subjects receiving general anesthesia were ventilated first with a combined oral-nasal mask and then with only a nasal mask. The patient's head was maintained in a neutral position, without head extension or lower jaw thrust. Respiratory parameters were recorded simultaneously from both the nasal and oral masks regardless of ventilation approach. Results The volume of carbon dioxide removed per breath during nasal mask ventilation (median, 5.0 ml; interquartile range, 3.4-8.8 ml) was significantly larger than that during combined oral-nasal mask ventilation (median, 0.0 ml; interquartile range, 0.0-0.4 ml; P = 0.001); even the peak inspiratory airway pressure during nasal ventilation (16.7 +/- 2.7 cm H2O) was lower than that during combined oral-nasal ventilation (24.5 +/- 4.7 cm H2O; P = 0.002). The expiratory tidal volume during nasal ventilation (259.8 +/- 134.2 ml) was also larger than that during combined oral-nasal ventilation (98.9 +/- 103.4 ml; P = 0.003). Conclusions Nasal mask ventilation was more effective than combined oral-nasal mask ventilation in apneic, nonparalyzed, adult subjects during induction of general anesthesia. The authors suggest that nasal mask ventilation, rather than full facemask ventilation, be considered during induction of anesthesia.

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Grahlow, Melina, Claudia Ines Rupp e Birgit Derntl. "The impact of face masks on emotion recognition performance and perception of threat". PLOS ONE 17, n. 2 (11 febbraio 2022): e0262840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262840.

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Facial emotion recognition is crucial for social interaction. However, in times of a global pandemic, where wearing a face mask covering mouth and nose is widely encouraged to prevent the spread of disease, successful emotion recognition may be challenging. In the current study, we investigated whether emotion recognition, assessed by a validated emotion recognition task, is impaired for faces wearing a mask compared to uncovered faces, in a sample of 790 participants between 18 and 89 years (condition mask vs. original). In two more samples of 395 and 388 participants between 18 and 70 years, we assessed emotion recognition performance for faces that are occluded by something other than a mask, i.e., a bubble as well as only showing the upper part of the faces (condition half vs. bubble). Additionally, perception of threat for faces with and without occlusion was assessed. We found impaired emotion recognition for faces wearing a mask compared to faces without mask, for all emotions tested (anger, fear, happiness, sadness, disgust, neutral). Further, we observed that perception of threat was altered for faces wearing a mask. Upon comparison of the different types of occlusion, we found that, for most emotions and especially for disgust, there seems to be an effect that can be ascribed to the face mask specifically, both for emotion recognition performance and perception of threat. Methodological constraints as well as the importance of wearing a mask despite temporarily compromised social interaction are discussed.

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Piacentini, Sandro. "A máscara neutra como instrumento no treinamento do ator/ The neutral mask as a tool in the actor's training". Brazilian Journal of Development 8, n. 3 (23 marzo 2022): 20381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n3-307.

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Guo, Kun, Alexander Hare e Chang Hong Liu. "Impact of Face Masks and Viewers’ Anxiety on Ratings of First Impressions from Faces". Perception 51, n. 1 (14 dicembre 2021): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03010066211065230.

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Face mask is now a common feature in our social environment. Although face covering reduces our ability to recognize other's face identity and facial expressions, little is known about its impact on the formation of first impressions from faces. In two online experiments, we presented unfamiliar faces displaying neutral expressions with and without face masks, and participants rated the perceived approachableness, trustworthiness, attractiveness, and dominance from each face on a 9-point scale. Their anxiety levels were measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Social Interaction Anxiety Scale. In comparison with mask-off condition, wearing face masks (mask-on) significantly increased the perceived approachableness and trustworthiness ratings, but showed little impact on increasing attractiveness or decreasing dominance ratings. Furthermore, both trait and state anxiety scores were negatively correlated with approachableness and trustworthiness ratings in both mask-off and mask-on conditions. Social anxiety scores, on the other hand, were negatively correlated with approachableness but not with trustworthiness ratings. It seems that the presence of a face mask can alter our first impressions of strangers. Although the ratings for approachableness, trustworthiness, attractiveness, and dominance were positively correlated, they appeared to be distinct constructs that were differentially influenced by face coverings and participants’ anxiety types and levels.

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Fujii, Takuya, Takeru Okada, Taiga Isoda, Mohd Erman Syazwan, Mohamed-Tahar Chentir, Kohei M. Itoh, Ichiro Yamashita e Seiji Samukawa. "Fabrication of germanium nanodisk array by neutral beam etching with protein as etching mask". Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 35, n. 2 (marzo 2017): 021801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4976524.

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Kaminska, M., A. Montpetit, A. Mathieu, V. Jobin, F. Morisson e P. Mayer. "Higher Effective Oronasal versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Effect of Mandibular Stabilization". Canadian Respiratory Journal 21, n. 4 (2014): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/408073.

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BACKGROUND: In some individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), oronasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) leads to poorer OSA correction than nasal CPAP. The authors hypothesized that this results from posterior mandibular displacement caused by the oronasal mask.OBJECTIVE: To test this hypothesis using a mandibular advancement device (MAD) for mandibular stabilization.METHODS: Subjects whose OSA was not adequately corrected by oronasal CPAP at pressures for which nasal CPAP was effective were identified. These subjects underwent polysomnography (PSG) CPAP titration with each nasal and oronasal mask consecutively, with esophageal pressure and leak monitoring, to obtain the effective pressure (Peff) of CPAP for correcting obstructive events with each mask (maximum 20 cmH2O). PSG titration was repeated using a MAD in the neutral position. Cephalometry was performed.RESULTS: Six subjects with mean (± SD) nasal Peff 10.4±3.0 cmH2O were studied. Oronasal Peff was greater than nasal Peff in all subjects, with obstructive events persisting at 20 cmH2O by oronasal mask in four cases. This was not due to excessive leak. With the MAD, oronasal Peff was reduced in three subjects, and Peff <20 cmH2O could be obtained in two of the four subjects with Peff >20 cmH2O by oronasal mask alone. Subjects’ cephalometric variables were similar to published norms.CONCLUSION: In subjects with OSA with higher oronasal than nasal Peff, this is partially explained by posterior mandibular displacement caused by the oronasal mask. Combination treatment with oronasal mask and MAD may be useful in some individuals if a nasal mask is not tolerated.

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Stapels, Julia G., e Friederike Eyssel. "Let’s not be indifferent about robots: Neutral ratings on bipolar measures mask ambivalence in attitudes towards robots". PLOS ONE 16, n. 1 (13 gennaio 2021): e0244697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244697.

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Ambivalence, the simultaneous experience of both positive and negative feelings about one and the same attitude object, has been investigated within psychological attitude research for decades. Ambivalence is interpreted as an attitudinal conflict with distinct affective, behavioral, and cognitive consequences. In social psychological research, it has been shown that ambivalence is sometimes confused with neutrality due to the use of measures that cannot distinguish between neutrality and ambivalence. Likewise, in social robotics research the attitudes of users are often characterized as neutral. We assume that this is due to the fact that existing research regarding attitudes towards robots lacks the opportunity to measure ambivalence. In the current experiment (N = 45), we show that a neutral and a robot stimulus were evaluated equivalently when using a bipolar item, but evaluations differed greatly regarding self-reported ambivalence and arousal. This points to attitudes towards robots being in fact highly ambivalent, although they might appear neutral depending on the measurement method. To gain valid insights into people’s attitudes towards robots, positive and negative evaluations of robots should be measured separately, providing participants with measures to express evaluative conflict instead of administering bipolar items. Acknowledging the role of ambivalence in attitude research focusing on robots has the potential to deepen our understanding of users’ attitudes and their potential evaluative conflicts, and thus improve predictions of behavior from attitudes towards robots.

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Cunneen, Chris. "Youth justice and racialization: Comparative reflections". Theoretical Criminology 24, n. 3 (11 dicembre 2019): 521–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480619889039.

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Drawing on comparative work between Australia and England and Wales, this article considers issues of criminalization, racialization and youth justice. The article explores both the overt and more subtle forms of racializing and criminalizing young people and highlights the necessity for historically and situationally contextualized understandings of identity and race. The rationalities, practices and discourses of youth justice through which racialization occurs are identified, including how race itself becomes solidified as a category in which people, in many cases, from heterogeneous backgrounds, can be captured and named. In particular there is discussion of the rise of apparently neutral and non-discriminatory justifications for intervention found in the use of risk assessment that leads to racialized differentiation. It is argued that these practices both mask race in their practices and mark race in their outcomes.

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Maiorana, Natale, Michelangelo Dini, Barbara Poletti, Sofia Tagini, Maria Rita Reitano, Gabriella Pravettoni, Alberto Priori e Roberta Ferrucci. "The Effect of Surgical Masks on the Featural and Configural Processing of Emotions". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 4 (19 febbraio 2022): 2420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042420.

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From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of surgical masks became widespread. However, they occlude an important part of the face and make it difficult to decode and interpret other people’s emotions. To clarify the effect of surgical masks on configural and featural processing, participants completed a facial emotion recognition task to discriminate between happy, sad, angry, and neutral faces. Stimuli included fully visible faces, masked faces, and a cropped photo of the eyes or mouth region. Occlusion due to the surgical mask affects emotion recognition for sadness, anger, and neutral faces, although no significative differences were found in happiness recognition. Our findings suggest that happiness is recognized predominantly via featural processing.

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Isono, Shiroh, Atsuko Tanaka, Teruhiko Ishikawa, Yugo Tagaito e Takashi Nishino. "Sniffing Position Improves Pharyngeal Airway Patency in Anesthetized Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea". Anesthesiology 103, n. 3 (1 settembre 2005): 489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200509000-00010.

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Background Appropriate bag-and-mask ventilation with patent airway is mandatory during induction of general anesthesia. Although the sniffing neck position is a traditionally recommended head and neck position during this critical period, knowledge of the influences of this position on the pharyngeal airway patency is still inadequate. Methods Total muscle paralysis was induced with general anesthesia in 12 patients with obstructive sleep apnea, eliminating neuromuscular factors contributing to pharyngeal patency. The cross-sectional area of the pharynx was measured endoscopically at different static airway pressures. Comparison of static pressure-area plot between the neutral and sniffing neck positions allowed assessment of the influence of the neck position change on the mechanical properties of the pharynx. Results The static pressure-area curves of the sniffing position were above those of neutral neck position, with increasing maximum cross-sectional area and decreasing the closing pressure at both retropalatal and retroglossal airways. The beneficial effects of the sniffing position were greater in obstructive sleep apnea patients with higher closing pressure and smaller body mass index. Conclusions Sniffing position structurally improves maintenance of the passive pharyngeal airway in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and may be beneficial for both mask ventilation and tracheal intubation during anesthesia induction.

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Schmidt, Thomas, Sven Panis, Maximilian P. Wolkersdorfer e Dirk Vorberg. "Response inhibition in the Negative Compatibility Effect in the absence of inhibitory stimulus features". Open Psychology 4, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psych-2022-0012.

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Abstract The Negative Compatibility Effect (NCE) is a reversal in priming effects that can occur when a masked arrow prime is followed by an arrow target at a long stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA). To test the explanation that the NCE is actually a positive priming effect elicited by mask features associated with the prime-opposed response, we devise masks that always point in the same direction as the prime, eliminating all antiprime features. We find large positive priming effects for arrow primes without masks and for arrow masks without primes. When a neutral mask is introduced, priming effects turn negative at long SOAs. In the critical case where the mask is an arrow in the same direction as the prime, the prime does not add to the positive priming effect from the mask shape, but instead strongly diminishes it and induces response errors even though all stimuli point in the same direction. No such feature-free inhibition is seen when arrows are replaced by color stimuli. We conclude that even though response activation by stimulus features plays a role in the NCE, there is a strong inhibitory component (though perhaps not in all feature domains) that is not based on visual features.

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Cartaud, Alice, François Quesque e Yann Coello. "Wearing a face mask against Covid-19 results in a reduction of social distancing". PLOS ONE 15, n. 12 (7 dicembre 2020): e0243023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243023.

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Abstract (sommario):

In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, barrier gestures such as regular hand-washing, social distancing, and wearing a face mask are highly recommended. Critically, interpersonal distance (IPD) depends on the affective dimension of social interaction, which might be affected by the current Covid-19 context. In the present internet-based experimental study, we analyzed the preferred IPD of 457 French participants when facing human-like characters that were either wearing a face mask or displaying a neutral, happy or angry facial expression. Results showed that IPD was significantly reduced when characters were wearing a face mask, as they were perceived as more trustworthy compared to the other conditions. Importantly, IPD was even more reduced in participants infected with Covid-19 or living in low-risk areas, while it was not affected by the predicted health of the characters. These findings shed further light on the psychological factors that motivate IPD adjustments, in particular when facing a collective threat. They are also of crucial importance for policy makers as they reveal that despite the indisputable value of wearing a face mask in the current pandemic context, their use should be accompanied by an emphasis on social distancing to prevent detrimental health consequences.

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Purcell-Gates, Laura. "Puppet bodies: reflections and revisions of marionette movement theories in Philippe Gaulier’s Neutral Mask pedagogy". Theatre, Dance and Performance Training 8, n. 1 (2 gennaio 2017): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443927.2016.1247746.

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27

Kubota, Tomohiro, Tomohiro Baba, Suguru Saito, Satoshi Yamasaki, Shinya Kumagai, Takuo Matsui, Yukiharu Uraoka, Takashi Fuyuki, Ichiro Yamashita e Seiji Samukawa. "Low-damage fabrication of high aspect nanocolumns by using neutral beams and ferritin-iron-core mask". Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 25, n. 3 (2007): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.2732734.

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28

Camilleri, Frank. "‘Yours Neutrally, Habitational Action’: Performance between Theatre and Dance". New Theatre Quarterly 29, n. 3 (31 luglio 2013): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x13000444.

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Abstract (sommario):

A milestone development in a practice-as-research investigation led to the identification of ‘habitational action’ as a term that resists a priori restrictions of inner–outer problematics when discussing performer processes. In this article Frank Camilleri cross-references the term with ‘neutral action’ to locate it conceptually and historically; first with Jacques Lecoq's pedagogical mask work, and then with Yvonne Rainer's conceptualization of the ‘neutral doer’. The cross-referencing to specific theatre and dance contexts is also intended to problematize psychophysicality as a central aspect of current actor training discourse. Frank Camilleri is Associate Professor in Theatre Studies at the University of Malta and Artistic Director of Icarus Performance Project. In 2007 he co-founded Icarus Publishing with Odin Teatret and the Grotowski Institute. He is also Visiting Professor in Theatre and Performance at the University of Huddersfield.

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Lee, Bong-Jae, Jae-Woo Yi, Jun Young Chung, Dong-Ok Kim e Jong-Man Kang. "Bedside Prediction of Airway Length in Adults and Children". Anesthesiology 111, n. 3 (1 settembre 2009): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3181af6496.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background Malpositioning of the endotracheal tube within the airway leads to serious complications such as endobronchial intubation. Prediction of the correct depth of an endotracheal tube is important and should be individualized. The manubriosternal joint (MSJ) is on the same horizontal plane with the tracheal carina. We compared the straight length from the upper incisor to the MSJ in the fully extended position (incisor-MSJ extension length) with the length from the upper incisor to the carina after intubation with a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope through the endotracheal tube in the neutral position (incisor-carina neutral length). Methods One hundred adults and 50 children were studied. Induction of anesthesia was achieved with 1.5 mg/kg propofol and 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium IV. The incisor-MSJ extension length was measured after adequate mask ventilation. After intubation, the endotracheal tube was positioned properly at the upper incisor teeth, and the incisor-carina neutral length was measured with the fiberoptic bronchoscope at the carina. Results The correlation between the incisor-MSJ extension length and the incisor-carina neutral length is significant (P < 0.001) in both adults and children. A formula for the regression line in adults (children) can be obtained as the incisor-carina neutral length (cm) = 0.868 (1.009) x the incisor-MSJ extension length (cm) + 4.260 (0.468) with a high coefficient of determination; r(2) = 0.88 (0.98). Conclusions The airway length from the upper incisor to the carina in the neutral position can be predicted by the straight length from the upper incisor to the MSJ in the fully extended position.

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30

Wood, Denis. "Map Art". Cartographic Perspectives, n. 53 (1 marzo 2006): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14714/cp53.358.

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Abstract (sommario):

Artists make maps. Inspired by maps made by the Surrealists, by the Situationists, by Pop Artists, and especially by Conceptualists of every stripe, artists in increasing numbers have taken up the map as an expressive medium. In an age less and less enamored of traditional forms of representation – and increasingly critical – maps have numerous attractions for artists. Beyond their formal continuities, maps and paintings are both communicative, that is, constructs intended to affect behavior. As the energy of painting has been dispersed over the past half century into earth art, conceptual art, installation art, performance art, video art, cyber art, and so on, it has dispersed the map as a subject along with it. The irresistible tug maps exert on artists arises from the map’s mask of neutral objectivity, from its mask of unauthored dispassion. Artists either strip this mask off the map, or fail to put one on. In either case artists simultaneously point to the mask worn by the map, while they enter unmasked into the very discourse of the map. In so doing map artists are erasing the line cartographers have tried to draw between their form of graphic communication (maps) and others (drawings, paintings, and so on). In this way map artists are reclaiming the map as a discourse function for people in general. The flourishing of map art signals the imminent demise of the map as a privileged form of communication. The map is dead! Long live the map!

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31

Wilson-Davis, S. L., S. L. Tonkin e T. R. Gunn. "Air entry in infant resuscitation: oral or nasal routes?" Journal of Applied Physiology 82, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1997): 152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.1.152.

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Abstract (sommario):

Wilson-Davis, S. L., S. L. Tonkin, and T. R. Gunn. Air entry in infant resuscitation: oral or nasal routes?. J. Appl. Physiol.82(1): 152–155, 1997.—The current recommendation for resuscitation of infants is to blow air into both the nose and mouth. We have observed that mothers cannot cover both the nose and mouth of their infants. We compared postmortem tracheal and esophageal air entry by using the nose, combined nose and mouth, and mouth routes in eight infants. Air entry into the trachea occurred at lower pressures ( P < 0.05) via a nose mask than via a combined nose and mouth mask or via a mouth mask. Air entry into the trachea occurred at lower pressures ( P< 0.05) via the nose route in the neutral and extended neck positions compared with the flexed position. We were unable to demonstrate an effect of the route of air entry on esophageal air entry. The findings indicate that the nasal route of air entry is more effective than the combined nose and mouth or mouth routes and that neck flexion impedes air entry. We recommend that parents are taught to blow air into their infants’ noses if the infant stops breathing.

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Cornell, Heather N., John M. Marzluff e Shannon Pecoraro. "Social learning spreads knowledge about dangerous humans among American crows". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, n. 1728 (29 giugno 2011): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.0957.

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Abstract (sommario):

Individuals face evolutionary trade-offs between the acquisition of costly but accurate information gained firsthand and the use of inexpensive but possibly less reliable social information. American crows ( Corvus brachyrhynchos ) use both sources of information to learn the facial features of a dangerous person. We exposed wild crows to a novel ‘dangerous face’ by wearing a unique mask as we trapped, banded and released 7–15 birds at five study sites near Seattle, WA, USA. An immediate scolding response to the dangerous mask after trapping by previously captured crows demonstrates individual learning, while an immediate response by crows that were not captured probably represents conditioning to the trapping scene by the mob of birds that assembled during the capture. Later recognition of dangerous masks by lone crows that were never captured is consistent with horizontal social learning. Independent scolding by young crows, whose parents had conditioned them to scold the dangerous mask, demonstrates vertical social learning. Crows that directly experienced trapping later discriminated among dangerous and neutral masks more precisely than did crows that learned through social means. Learning enabled scolding to double in frequency and spread at least 1.2 km from the place of origin over a 5 year period at one site.

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33

Kim, Garam, So Hyun Seong, Seok-Sung Hong e Eunsoo Choi. "Impact of face masks and sunglasses on emotion recognition in South Koreans". PLOS ONE 17, n. 2 (3 febbraio 2022): e0263466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263466.

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Abstract (sommario):

Due to the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, wearing masks has become essential for social interaction, disturbing emotion recognition in daily life. In the present study, a total of 39 Korean participants (female = 20, mean age = 24.2 years) inferred seven emotions (happiness, surprise, fear, sadness, disgust, anger, surprise, and neutral) from uncovered, mask-covered, sunglasses-covered faces. The recognition rates were the lowest under mask conditions, followed by the sunglasses and uncovered conditions. In identifying emotions, different emotion types were associated with different areas of the face. Specifically, the mouth was the most critical area for happiness, surprise, sadness, disgust, and anger recognition, but fear was most recognized from the eyes. By simultaneously comparing faces with different parts covered, we were able to more accurately examine the impact of different facial areas on emotion recognition. We discuss the potential cultural differences and the ways in which individuals can cope with communication in which facial expressions are paramount.

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34

Marcos, José Luis, e Azahara Marcos. "Concurrent Electrodermal and Eyeblink Conditioning With Masked and Unmasked Stimuli". Journal of Psychophysiology 35, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000259.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine if contingency awareness between the conditioned (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) is necessary for concurrent electrodermal and eyeblink conditioning to masked stimuli. An angry woman’s face (CS+) and a fearful face (CS−) were presented for 23 milliseconds (ms) and followed by a neutral face as a mask. A 98 dB noise burst (US) was administered 477 ms after CS+ offset to elicit both electrodermal and eyeblink responses. For the unmasking conditioning a 176 ms blank screen was inserted between the CS and the mask. Contingency awareness was assessed using trial-by-trial ratings of US-expectancy in a post-conditioning phase. The results showed acquisition of differential electrodermal and eyeblink conditioning in aware, but not in unaware participants. Acquisition of differential eyeblink conditioning required more trials than electrodermal conditioning. These results provided strong evidence of the causal role of contingency awareness on differential eyeblink and electrodermal conditioning.

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35

Gupta, Lalit, Deepak Kumar, Sonia Wadhawan, Sivaraj, Amit Kohli, Poonam Bhadoria e Abhijit Kumar. "Comparative evaluation of ease of tracheal intubation using Airtraq and intubating laryngeal mask airway with cervical spine immobilization". Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 8, n. 2 (15 giugno 2021): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijca.2021.034.

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Abstract (sommario):

Tracheal intubation in cervical spine injury patients with application of Manual In Line Stabilization (MILS) of the cervical spine in neutral position is a challenge for the anesthesiologist since it makes visualization of the larynx more difficult using conventional laryngoscopy. Our study was conducted to compare ease of intubation using Airtraq and Intubating laryngeal mask airway(ILMA) in simulated cervical spine injury patient using MILS. 100 ASA I/II patients (without cervical spine injury), aged 18-60 years were randomly allocated in two groups -Group A: Airtraq (n=50), Group I: ILMA (n=50). General anaesthesia was given as per standard protocol in all the patients, after that MILS was applied and patients intubated using Airtraq in group A and ILMA in group I with neck in neutral position. Time taken for intubation, number of attempts for intubation, ease of intubation with Airtraq/ILMA, hemodynamics and complications were compared.The mean time taken for intubation in the Group A was 12.6 ± 6.6 seconds and in the Group, I was 85.8 ± 36.6 seconds (p<0.001). Number of intubations attempts in Group A was significantly less as compared to the Group I (p= 0.027).Airtraq is a safer and faster alternative when compared to ILMA in patients with simulated cervical spine injury using manual in line stabilization.

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36

Keränen, Lisa, Jason Lesko, Alison Vogelaar e Lisa Irvin. ""Myth, Mask, Shield, and Sword": Dr. John H. Marburger III's Rhetoric of Neutral Science for the Nation". Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 8, n. 2 (maggio 2008): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708607308100.

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37

Avsar, Rojhat Berdan. "Ideographic use of economic terms". On the Horizon 23, n. 3 (7 settembre 2015): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oth-05-2015-0018.

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Abstract (sommario):

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to challenge the claim that economics is of neutral value and unveil common value judgments underlying the standard policy positions in economics. These value judgments are communicated through the economic lexicon. Design/methodology/approach – The author uses discourse analysis and focuses on certain authoritative economic terms, most of which are metaphors, functioning like arguments. The author calls such terms as “deadweight loss” ideographs in the sense McGee (1980) used the term. Findings – Economic language is not neutral. Certain terms that are treated as common sense mask the normative commitments to which economists often are subscribed, consciously or not. Originality/value – The author treats economics as a particular welfare ideology whose normative commitments are communicated by its vocabulary. The critical approach used here is not common in economics. The author argues that implicit biases built in the discipline are reinforced by the particular economic-language awareness, which is vital to maintaining economics as a pluralist discipline.

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Morikawa, Yasuhiro, Takahide Murayama, Manabu Yoshii e Koukou Suu. "A Novel TSV Etching using NLD and VHF CCP Plasma For 3-D Stacked Devices." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2010, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2010): 000180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2010-tp1-paper4.

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Abstract (sommario):

In this study, the etch development of high etch rate and high aspect ratio for the fabrication of various diameters of thru silicon via is described. There are a lot of applications about TSV's methods. There TSV need to meet strict requirements with respect to high etch rate, sidewall roughness and undercut. For diameter of vias down to 10um a SiO2 hard mask based SF6/O2 etch approach is used by magnetic neutral loop discharge plasma (NLD plasma). This system can be used for oxide etching and Si etching. In the case of oxide etching, some magnetic coil currents are applied to generate magnetic neutral loop in the vacuum chamber in order to high density plasma in the low pressure below 1 Pa. On the other hand, in the case of Si etching, the pressure is raised up to 2∼10 Pa. As a result, an etched profile of TSV with diameter of 1.5 um and the etched depth of 11.5 um, aspect ratio is 7.6, was achieved. The etch rate is about 4.5 um/min. For diameter of vias up to 10um, a resist mask based and SF6/O2 etch approach is also used by very high frequency coactivity coupled plasma. VHF CCP etching system was used to high-pressure process, more than 50Pa, as a purpose to high etch rate of up to 10um pattern's TSV etching. As a result, a vertical profile of TSV with diameter of 50 um and the etched depth of 50 um, aspect ratio is 1.0, was achieved. The etch rate is about 45 um/min. NLD and VHF CCP processes are non-cycle etch methods, and to successfully smooth pattern TSV.

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39

Kubota, Tomohiro, Tomohiro Baba, Seiji Samukawa, Hiroyuki Kawashima, Yukiharu Uraoka, Takashi Fuyuki e Ichiro Yamashita. "A 7-nm nanocolumn structure fabricated by using a ferritin iron-core mask and low-energy Cl neutral beams". Applied Physics Letters 84, n. 9 (marzo 2004): 1555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1655701.

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40

Schneider, Iris K., Lotte Veenstra, Frenk van Harreveld, Norbert Schwarz e Sander L. Koole. "Let’s not be indifferent about neutrality: Neutral ratings in the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) mask mixed affective responses." Emotion 16, n. 4 (giugno 2016): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000164.

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41

Sheldon, Kennon M., Ryan Goffredi e Mike Corcoran. "The Glow Still Shows: Effects of Facial Masking on Perceptions of Duchenne Versus Social Smiles". Perception 50, n. 8 (24 giugno 2021): 720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03010066211027052.

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Abstract (sommario):

Facial expressions of emotion have important communicative functions. It is likely that mask-wearing during pandemics disrupts these functions, especially for expressions defined by activity in the lower half of the face. We tested this by asking participants to rate both Duchenne smiles (DSs; defined by the mouth and eyes) and non-Duchenne or “social” smiles (SSs; defined by the mouth alone), within masked and unmasked target faces. As hypothesized, masked SSs were rated much lower in “a pleasant social smile” and much higher in “a merely neutral expression,” compared with unmasked SSs. Essentially, masked SSs became nonsmiles. Masked DSs were still rated as very happy and pleasant, although significantly less so than unmasked DSs. Masked DSs and SSs were both rated as displaying more disgust than the unmasked versions.

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42

Zey, Elli, e Sabine Windmann. "Effects of Message Framing, Sender Authority, and Recipients’ Self-Reported Trait Autonomy on Endorsement of Health and Safety Measures during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 15 (21 luglio 2021): 7740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157740.

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Abstract (sommario):

In the COVID-19 pandemic, human solidarity plays a crucial role in meeting this maybe greatest modern societal challenge. Public health communication targets enhancing collective compliance with protective health and safety regulations. Here, we asked whether authoritarian/controlling message framing as compared to a neutral message framing may be more effective than moralizing/prosocial message framing and whether recipients’ self-rated trait autonomy might lessen these effects. In a German sample (n = 708), we measured approval of seven regulations (e.g., reducing contact, wearing a mask) before and after presenting one of three Twitter messages (authoritarian, moralizing, neutral/control) presented by either a high-authority sender (state secretary) or a low-authority sender (social worker). We found that overall, the messages successfully increased participants’ endorsement of the regulations, but only weakly so because of ceiling effects. Highly autonomous participants showed more consistent responses across the two measurements, i.e., lower response shifting, in line with the concept of reactive autonomy. Specifically, when the sender was a social worker, response shifting correlated negatively with trait autonomy. We suggest that a trusted sender encourages more variable responses to imposed societal regulations in individuals low in autonomy, and we discuss several aspects that may improve health communication.

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43

Gutiérrez, Aída, Lauri Nummenmaa e Manuel G. Calvo. "Enhanced Processing of Emotional Gist in Peripheral Vision". Spanish journal of psychology 12, n. 2 (novembre 2009): 414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600001803.

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Abstract (sommario):

Emotional (pleasant or unpleasant) and neutral scenes were presented foveally (at fixation) or peripherally (5.2° away from fixation) as primes for 150 ms. The prime was followed by a mask and a centrally presented probe scene for recognition. The probe was either identical in specific content (i.e., same people and objects) to the prime, or it was related to the prime in general content and affective valence. The probe was always different from the prime in color, size, and spatial orientation. Results showed an interaction between prime location and emotional valence for the recognition hit rate, but also for the false alarm rate and correct rejection times. There were no differences as a function of emotional valence in the foveal display condition. In contrast, in the peripheral display condition both hit and false alarm rates were higher and correct rejection times were longer for emotional than for neutral scenes. It is concluded that emotional gist, or a coarse affective impression, is extracted from emotional scenes in peripheral vision, which then leads to confuse them with others of related affective valence. The underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are discussed. An alternative explanation based on the physical characteristics of the scene images was ruled out.

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44

Ikeda, Aya, Shiroh Isono, Yumi Sato, Hisanori Yogo, Jiro Sato, Teruhiko Ishikawa e Takashi Nishino. "Effects of Muscle Relaxants on Mask Ventilation in Anesthetized Persons with Normal Upper Airway Anatomy". Anesthesiology 117, n. 3 (1 settembre 2012): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3182668670.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background Recent studies suggest advantages of muscle relaxants for facemask ventilation. However, direct effects of muscle relaxants on mask ventilation remain unclear because these studies did not control mechanical factors influencing ventilation. We tested a hypothesis that muscle relaxants, either rocuronium or succinylcholine, improve mask ventilation. Methods In anesthetized adult persons with normal upper airway anatomy, tidal volumes during facemask ventilation were measured while maintaining the neutral head and mandible positions and the airway pressures of a ventilator before and during muscle paralysis induced by either rocuronium (n=14) or succinylcholine (n=17). Tidal volumes of oral and nasal airway routes were separately measured with a custom-made oronasal portioning full facemask. Behavior of the oral airway was observed by an endoscope in six additional subjects receiving succinylcholine. Results Total, oral, and nasal tidal volumes did not significantly change at complete muscle paralysis with rocuronium. In contrast, succinylcholine significantly increased total tidal volumes at 60 s after its administration (mean±SD; 4.2±2.1 vs. 5.4±2.6 ml/kg, P=0.02) because of increases of ventilation through both airway routes. Abrupt tidal volume increase occurred more through oral airway route than nasal route. Dilation of the space at the isthmus of the fauces was endoscopically observed during pharyngeal fasciculation in all six subjects. Conclusions Rocuronium did not deteriorate facemask ventilation, and it was improved after succinylcholine administration in association with airway dilation during pharyngeal fasciculation. This effect continued to a lesser degree after resolution of the fasciculation.

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45

Wain, Ashley. "Myth, Archetype and the Neutral Mask: Actor Training and Transformation in Light of the Work of Joseph Campbell and Stanislav Grof". International Journal of Transpersonal Studies 24, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2005): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24972/ijts.2005.24.1.37.

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46

Bennett, Karen. "THE TRANSPARENCY TROPE: DECONSTRUCTING ENGLISH ACADEMIC DISCOURSE". Discourse and Interaction 8, n. 2 (15 dicembre 2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/di2015-2-5.

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Abstract (sommario):

English Academic Discourse has always presented itself as a neutral vehicle of objective fact. Through the use of clearly defi ned terms and straightforward syntax, and the studied avoidance of forms of overt manipulation of the reader, it claims to offer a transparent window onto some pre-existing external reality. Today, however, most linguists agree that objectivity is a linguistic construct, achieved by the systematic use of grammatical forms such as nominalizations and the passive voice which mask human agency. Similarly, it is now generally understood that even the most positivistic science texts contain a certain amount of rhetorical manoeuvring designed to convince the reader of the truth value and utility of the claims made. This paper draws upon a range of linguistic, historical and philosophical sources to question this discourse’s status as the hegemonic vehicle of knowledge in the modern world.

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47

Mishra, Sandeep Kumar, Mohammad Nawaz, M. V. S. Satyapraksh, Satyen Parida, Prasanna Udupi Bidkar, Balachander Hemavathy e Pankaj Kundra. "Influence of Head and Neck Position on Oropharyngeal Leak Pressure and Cuff Position with the ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway and the I-Gel: A Randomized Clinical Trial". Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/705869.

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Abstract (sommario):

Background. This study was designed to assess and compare the effect of head and neck position on the oropharyngeal leak pressures and cuff position (employing fibreoptic view of the glottis) and ventilation scores between ProSeal LMA and the I-gel.Material and Methods. After induction of anesthesia, the supraglottic device was inserted and ventilation confirmed. The position of the head was randomly changed from neutral to flexion, extension, and lateral rotation (left). The oropharyngeal leak pressures, fibreoptic view of glottis, ventilation scores, and delivered tidal volumes and end tidal CO2were noted in all positions.Results. In both groups compared with neutral position, oropharyngeal leak pressures were significantly higher with flexion and lower with extension but similar with rotation of head and neck. However the oropharyngeal leak pressure was significantly higher for ProSeal LMA compared with the I-gel in all positions. Peak airway pressures were significantly higher with flexion in both groups (however this did not affect ventilation), lower with extension in ProSeal group, and comparable in I-gel group but did not change significantly with rotation of head and neck in both groups.Conclusion. Effective ventilation can be done with both ProSeal LMA and I-gel with head in all the above positions. ProSeal LMA has a better margin of safety than I-gel due to better sealing pressures except in flexion where the increase in airway pressure is more with the former. Extreme precaution should be taken in flexion position in ProSeal LMA.

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KANG, DONG-HYUN, e DANIEL Y. C. FUNG. "Development of a Medium for Differentiation between Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli O157:H7". Journal of Food Protection 62, n. 4 (1 aprile 1999): 313–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.4.313.

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Abstract (sommario):

A new medium (Escherichia coli O157:H7 medium: EOH) was developed for differentiation between E. coli and E. coli O157:H7. The EOH medium was compared with sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC), which is the most popular medium to enumerate E. coli O157:H7. Several combinations of 35 dyes were evaluated to develop the new medium. Indigo carmine (0.03 g/liter) and phenol red (0.036 g/liter) were found as the best combination for differentiation between E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli and added to the basal agar medium (SMAC medium excluding neutral red and crystal violet) for EOH medium. On the dark blue EOH medium, E. coli produced a yellow color with clear zone, whereas E. coli O157:H7 produced a red color without clear zone. For differentiation between E. coli and E. coli O157:H7, EOH has much better potential than SMAC. Furthermore, the red color produced by normal E. coli in SMAC may mask the light gray color produced by E. coli O157: H7, whereas the yellow color with clear zone did not mask the red color without clear zone in the EOH medium. The recovery numbers of E. coli O157:H7 from inoculated ground beef, pork, and turkey were not significantly different between SMAC and EOH media (P > 0.05). The recovery rates of heat- and cold-injured E. coli O157:H7 also were not significantly different (P > 0.05).

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Samukawa, Seiji, Tomohiro Kubota, Chi-Hsien Huang, Takeshi Hashimoto, Makoto Igarashi, Kensuke Nishioka, Masaki Takeguchi, Yukiharu Uraoka, Takashi Fuyuki e Ichiro Yamashita. "A New Silicon Quantum-Well Structure with Controlled Diameter and Thickness Fabricated with Ferritin Iron Core Mask and Chlorine Neutral Beam Etching". Applied Physics Express 1 (20 giugno 2008): 074002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/apex.1.074002.

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50

Park, Hye-Ryeon. "The Effect of Usage Behavior and Usage Satisfaction on Repurchase Intention of Facial Skin Care Devices: Focus on Skin Type". Korean Society of Beauty and Art 23, n. 3 (20 settembre 2022): 161–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18693/jksba.2022.23.3.161.

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Abstract (sommario):

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of usage behavior and usage satisfaction on the repurchase intention of facial skin care devices. A survey was conducted using a 35-question questionnaire among 356 women and the responses were statistically analyzed. Based on the results, skin type was classified into dry (3.4%), neutral (3.1%), oily (13.8%), combination (12.1%), sensitive (17.1%), and aging skin (20.8%). The most common skin type was combination 2, with 29.8%. Among the respondents, 63.8% answered 'yes' to 'repurchase intention', and the reasons were 'better than cosmetics use (33.3%)', 'easy skin care (32.3%)', 'good skin improvement effect (14.6%)', and 'time saving (13.0%)'. The most of wanted devices were LED mask (28.9%). The desired effects were elasticity, lifting (33.2%), and the improvement of skin tone and the reduction of blemishes (23.1%). ‘Neutral’ and ‘combination 1’ were shown to be significantly higher than other skin types in usage behavior, usage satisfaction, and repurchase intention (p<.001). A positive correlation was revealed between usage behavior and usage satisfaction (r=.464~633). Usage behavior and usage satisfaction were shown to have a significant effect on repurchase intention (p<.05). In conclusion, these results may be highly useful as basic data for the research and development of facial skin care devices. Women in China preferred the convex shape. For long hair styles, women in Korea did not like long hair without layers or with stumpy cut lines, which were favored among women in China.

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