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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Neurones NPY"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 2 novembre 2024

Ultima modifica: 31 luglio 2025

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1

Williams, Gareth, Joanne A. Harrold, and David J. Cutler. "The hypothalamus and the regulation of energy homeostasis: lifting the lid on a black box." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, no. 3 (2000): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665100000434.

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Abstract (sommario):

The hypothalamus is the focus of many peripheral signals and neural pathways that control energy homeostasis and body weight. Emphasis has moved away from anatomical concepts of ‘feeding’ and ‘satiety’ centres to the specific neurotransmitters that modulate feeding behaviour and energy expenditure. We have chosen three examples to illustrate the physiological roles of hypothalamic neurotransmitters and their potential as targets for the development of new drugs to treat obesity and other nutritional disorders. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is expressed by neurones of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (A

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2

Adams, Eric F., Maria S. Venetikou, Christine A. Woods, S. Lacoumenta, and J. M. Burrin. "Neuropeptide Y directly inhibits growth hormone secretion by human pituitary somatotropic tumours." Acta Endocrinologica 115, no. 1 (1987): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1150149.

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Abstract. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide, widely distributed throughout the brain and is found in hypothalamic neurones. This latter finding suggests that NPY may possess a hypophysiotropic function. A number of studies have demonstrated effects of NPY on LH and GH secretion by rat pituitary cells. We report here the results of experiments investigating the effects of NPY on GH secretion by tumorous human somatotropic pituitary cells in culture. NPY (0.25–25 nmol/l) inhibited GH secretion by 20–53%, the maximal effect depending upon the tumour studied. The potency of NPY was l

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3

Gładysz, A., P. Krejci, J. Simůnek, and J. Polkowska. "Effects of central infusions of neuropeptide Y on the somatotropic axis in sheep fed on two levels of protein." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 61, no. 4 (2001): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2001-1401.

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Effects of infusions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) into 3rd ventricle of growing sheep fed on diets containing restricted (R) or elevated (E) levels of protein on the immunoreactive (ir) somatostatin neurones, ir somatotrophs, growth hormone (GH) concentration in the blood plasma were studied. The long-term restriction of protein in the diet elicited: enhancing irSS content in periventricular perikarya; diminishing irSS stores in the median eminence and elevating the number ir somatotrophs and content of irGH. NPY infusions enhanced the content of irSS in perikarya in sheep fed on E diet and diminis

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4

Sienkiewicz, W., A. Chrószcz, A. Dudek, M. Janeczek, and J. Kaleczyc. "Caudal mesenteric ganglion in the sheep – macroanatomical and immunohistochemical study." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 18, no. 2 (2015): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2015-0049.

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Abstract The caudal mesenteric ganglion (CaMG) is a prevetrebral ganglion which provides innervation to a number of organs in the abdominal and pelvic cavity. The morphology of CaMG and the chemical coding of neurones in this ganglion have been described in humans and many animal species, but data on this topic in the sheep are entirely lacking. This prompted us to undertake a study to determine the localization and morphology of sheep CaMG as well as immunohistochemical properties of its neurons. The study was carried out on 8 adult sheep, weighing from 40 to 60 kg each. The sheep were deeply

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5

Károly, Norbert, Endre Dobó, and András Mihály. "Comparative immunohistochemical study of the effects of pilocarpine on the mossy cells, mossy fibres and inhibitory neurones in murine dentate gyrus." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 75, no. 2 (2015): 220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2015-2030.

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Treatment with pilocarpine (PILO) induces variable degrees of loss of mossy cells (MCs) and mossy fibre (MF) sprouting in rodents, the relationships of which have not been examined in individual animals. Our aim was to test whether the loss of MCs and MF sprouting are coupled processes in PILO-treated rodents. Animals which exhibited intense PILO-induced convulsions for at least 30 min were used in this study. After a 2-month survival period, the incidence of epileptic seizures was checked individually by neuropeptide-Y (NPY) immunohistochemistry, and the numbers of MCs were counted by means o

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6

Chan, Y. Y., D. K. Clifton, and R. A. Steiner. "Role of NPY Neurones in GH-Dependent Feedback Signalling to the Brain." Hormone Research 45, no. 1 (1996): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000184820.

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7

Joly, A., R. Denis, J. Castel, R. Palmiter, C. Magnan, and S. Luquet. "O35 Rôle des Neurones NPY/AgRP dans le contrôle de la balance énergétique." Diabetes & Metabolism 36 (March 2010): A10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(10)70039-2.

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8

Brooks, P. A., J. S. Kelly, J. M. Allen, D. A. S. Smith, and T. W. Stone. "Direct excitatory effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) on rat hippocampal neurones in vitro." Brain Research 408, no. 1-2 (1987): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(87)90391-x.

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9

le Roux, C. W., and S. R. Bloom. "Peptide YY, appetite and food intake." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 64, no. 2 (2005): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2005427.

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Obesity is taking on pandemic proportions. The laws of thermodynamics, however, remain unchanged, as energy will be stored if less energy is expended than consumed; the storage is usually in the form of adipose tissue. Several neural, humeral and psychological factors control the complex process known as appetite. Recently, a close evolutionary relationship between the gut and brain has become apparent. The gut hormones regulate important gastrointestinal functions such as motility, secretion, absorption, provide feedback to the central nervous system on availability of nutrients and may play

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10

Håkansson, Marie-Louise, Anna-Lena Hulting, and Björn Meister. "Expression of leptin receptor mRNA in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus - relationship with NPY neurones." NeuroReport 7, no. 18 (1996): 3087–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199611250-00059.

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11

Fergani, C., J. E. Routly, D. N. Jones, L. C. Pickavance, R. F. Smith, and H. Dobson. "KNDy neurone activation prior to the LH surge of the ewe is disrupted by LPS." Reproduction 154, no. 3 (2017): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-17-0191.

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In the ewe, steroid hormones act on the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) to initiate the GnRH/LH surge. Within the ARC, steroid signal transduction may be mediated by estrogen receptive dopamine-, β-endorphin- or neuropeptide Y (NPY)-expressing cells, as well as those co-localising kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB) and dynorphin (termed KNDy). We investigated the time during the follicular phase when these cells become activated (i.e., co-localise c-Fos) relative to the timing of the LH surge onset and may therefore be involved in the surge generating mechanism. Furthermore, we aimed to elucida

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12

Denis, R. G. P., C. Bing, S. Brocklehurst, J. A. Harrold, R. G. Vernon, and G. Williams. "Diurnal changes in hypothalamic neuropeptide and SOCS-3 expression: effects of lactation and relationship with serum leptin and food intake." Journal of Endocrinology 183, no. 1 (2004): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.05659.

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Rats normally eat about 85% of their food at night. Lactation increases food intake 3- to 4-fold, but the diurnal pattern of food intake persists. The mechanisms responsible for the diurnal and lactation-induced changes in food intake are still unresolved, hence we have further investigated the possible roles of serum leptin and hypothalamic expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in rats. Suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 (SOCS-3) acts as a feedback inhibitor of leptin signalling in the hypothalamus, hence changes in expression of SO

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13

Satoh, N., S. Miyajima, H. Imaishi, S. Iwanaga, and M. Yakushiji. "Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-and neuropeptide Y (NPY)neurones in the human umbilical cord." Placenta 19, no. 7 (1998): A40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-4004(98)91200-0.

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14

Browning and Lees. "Inhibitory effects of NPY on ganglionic transmission in myenteric neurones of the guinea-pig descending colon." Neurogastroenterology and Motility 12, no. 1 (2000): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2982.2000.00178.x.

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15

Joly, A., R. Denis, J. Castel, C. Cansell, C. Magnan, and S. Luquet. "035 Implication des neurones NPY/AgRP dans le contrôle de la partition des flux énergétiques en périphérie." Diabetes & Metabolism 37, no. 1 (2011): A9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1262-3636(11)70523-7.

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16

Mason, R., D. Harland, and B. Rusak. "The electrophysiological effects of neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) on rat and hamster suprachiasmatic neurones." Regulatory Peptides 26, no. 1 (1989): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-0115(89)90157-2.

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17

Bing, Chen, Peter King, Lucy Pickavance, et al. "The effect of moxonidine on feeding and body fat in obese Zucker rats: role of hypothalamic NPY neurones." British Journal of Pharmacology 127, no. 1 (1999): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0702494.

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18

Pearson, G. T., M. J. Gray, and G. M. Lees. "Morphological and electrophysiological characteristics of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-immunoreactive neurones of the submucous plexus of guinea-pig ileum." Regulatory Peptides 15, no. 2 (1986): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-0115(86)90132-1.

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19

Kerekes, Nóra, Marc Landry, Karin Lundmark, and Tomas Hökfelt. "Effect of NGF, BDNF, bFGF, aFGF and cell density on NPY expression in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurones." Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 81, no. 1-3 (2000): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1838(00)00115-6.

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20

Schemann, M., and K. Tamura. "Presynaptic inhibitory effects of the peptides NPY, PYY and PP on nicotinic EPSPs in guinea-pig gastric myenteric neurones." Journal of Physiology 451, no. 1 (1992): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1992.sp019154.

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21

Viñuela, Manuel Carrasco, and Philip Just Larsen. "Identification of NPY-induced c-Fos expression in hypothalamic neurones projecting to the dorsal vagal complex and the lower thoracic spinal cord." Journal of Comparative Neurology 438, no. 3 (2001): 286–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.1316.

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22

CHEMINEAU, P., M. BLANC, A. CARATY, G. BRUNEAU, and P. MONGET. "Sous-nutrition, reproduction et système nerveux central chez les mammifères : rôle de la leptine." INRAE Productions Animales 12, no. 3 (1999): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1999.12.3.3881.

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Abstract (sommario):

La relation entre la quantité de réserves adipeuses et la reproduction est connue depuis longtemps, mais le moyen par lequel les animaux sont capables d’estimer leur propre contenu en lipides corporels n’est connu que depuis peu. La leptine, une hormone principalement synthétisée et sécrétée par le tissu adipeux, identifiée en 1994, joue en grande partie ce rôle. Cette hormone agit sur des récepteurs spécifiques, présents dans de nombreux tissus. Chez les rongeurs, la leptine est impliquée dans la régulation centrale de l’ingestion alimentaire, de l’équilibre énergétique, de la thermorégulatio

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23

Krukoff, Teresa L. "Peptidergic inputs to sympathetic preganglionic neurons." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 65, no. 8 (1987): 1619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y87-254.

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This paper presents data showing that the sympathetic autonomic areas of the cat thoracolumbar spinal cord contain nerve terminals and fibres with immunoreactivity for at least seven neuropeptides. The distribution in the intermediolateral cell column of the terminals and fibres which contain enkephalin-, neuropeptide Y-, neurotensin-, substance P-, and neurophysin II-like immunoreactivity (ENK, NPY, NT, SP, and NP2, respectively) suggests that these peptides are involved in more generalized functions of the autonomic nervous system. On the other hand, peaks in density of immunoreactivity at c

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24

Murphy, Beth Ann, Xavier Fioramonti, Nina Jochnowitz, et al. "Fasting enhances the response of arcuate neuropeptide Y-glucose-inhibited neurons to decreased extracellular glucose." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 296, no. 4 (2009): C746—C756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00641.2008.

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Fasting increases neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression, peptide levels, and the excitability of NPY-expressing neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) nucleus. A subpopulation of ARC-NPY neurons (∼40%) are glucose-inhibited (GI)-type glucose-sensing neurons. Hence, they depolarize in response to decreased glucose. Because fasting enhances NPY neurotransmission, we propose that during fasting, GI neurons depolarize in response to smaller decreases in glucose. This increased excitation in response to glucose decreases would increase NPY-GI neuronal excitability and enhance NPY neurotransmission. Us

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25

Füzesi, Tamás, Gábor Wittmann, Zsolt Liposits, Ronald M. Lechan, and Csaba Fekete. "Contribution of Noradrenergic and Adrenergic Cell Groups of the Brainstem and Agouti-Related Protein-Synthesizing Neurons of the Arcuate Nucleus to Neuropeptide-Y Innervation of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus of the Rat." Endocrinology 148, no. 11 (2007): 5442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0732.

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CRH-synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) integrate neuronal and hormonal inputs and serve as a final common pathway to regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. One of the neuronal regulators of CRH neurons is neuropeptide Y (NPY) contained in axons that densely innervate CRH neurons. The three main sources of NPY innervation of the PVN are the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and the noradrenergic and adrenergic neurons of the brainstem. To elucidate the origin of the NPY-immunoreactive (NPY-IR) innervation to hypophysiotropic CRH neurons, quadruple-label

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26

Lee, Myung-Jun, Won-Tae Lee, and Chang-Jin Jeon. "Organization of Neuropeptide Y-Immunoreactive Cells in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) Visual Cortex." Cells 10, no. 2 (2021): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10020311.

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is found throughout the central nervous system where it appears to be involved in the regulation of a wide range of physiological effects. The Mongolian gerbil, a member of the rodent family Muridae, is a diurnal animal and has been widely used in various aspects of biomedical research. This study was conducted to investigate the organization of NPY-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the gerbil visual cortex using NPY immunocytochemistry. The highest density of NPY-IR neurons was located in layer V (50.58%). The major type of NPY-IR neuron was a multipolar round/oval cell type

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27

Hasseli, R., M. Tschernatsch, N. Heimann, et al. "POS0015 PREVALENCE OF NEUROPATHIES IN RHEUMATIC AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (2021): 209.1–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3931.

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Background:In rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), peripheral neurons can be affected, which can result in sensory symptoms like pain, burning, tingling, numbness and motor symptoms like muscle-atrophy or even paresis. More detailed knowledge about the prevalence and the cause of neuropathy (NP) in RMD are urgently needed, especially as RMD patients may develop different subtypes of NP.Objectives:The aim of this project was to assess the prevalence and the individual types of NP in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, and to elucid

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28

Hall, A. K., and S. E. MacPhedran. "Multiple mechanisms regulate sympathetic neuronal phenotype." Development 121, no. 8 (1995): 2361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.8.2361.

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Adult rat sympathetic neurons can possess specific neuropeptides utilized as cotransmitters along with norepinephrine, but the factors that regulate their expression remain unknown. 60% of adult rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons express neuropeptide Y (NPY) in vivo. To determine whether the restricted expression was an intrinsic property of sympathetic ganglia, we examined if embryonic sympathetic precursors gave rise to NPY immunoreactive (-IR) neurons in vitro. After one week in culture, 60% of neurons derived from the E14.5 rat SCG were NPY-IR. Thus, ganglia isolated before perip

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Bugarith, Kishor, Thu T. Dinh, Ai-Jun Li, Robert C. Speth, and Sue Ritter. "Basomedial Hypothalamic Injections of Neuropeptide Y Conjugated to Saporin Selectively Disrupt Hypothalamic Controls of Food Intake." Endocrinology 146, no. 3 (2005): 1179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-1166.

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) conjugated to saporin (NPY-SAP), a ribosomal inactivating toxin, is a newly developed compound designed to selectively target and lesion NPY receptor-expressing cells. We injected NPY-SAP into the basomedial hypothalamus (BMH), just dorsal to the arcuate nucleus (ARC), to investigate its neurotoxicity and to determine whether ARC NPY neurons are required for glucoprivic feeding. We found that NPY-SAP profoundly reduced NPY Y1 receptor and αMSH immunoreactivity, as well as NPY, Agouti gene-related protein (AGRP), and cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript mRNA expressio

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Kim, Ginah L., Sandeep S. Dhillon, and Denise D. Belsham. "Kisspeptin Directly Regulates Neuropeptide Y Synthesis and Secretion via the ERK1/2 and p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways in NPY-Secreting Hypothalamic Neurons." Endocrinology 151, no. 10 (2010): 5038–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2010-0521.

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Kisspeptin is a key component of reproduction that directly stimulates GnRH neurons. However, recent studies indicate that kisspeptin can indirectly stimulate GnRH neurons through unidentified afferent networks. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is another key reproductive hormone that is an afferent stimulator of GnRH neurons. Herein, we report kisspeptin receptor Kiss1r mRNA expression in native NPY neurons FAC-sorted from NPY-GFP transgenic mice. Thus, we hypothesized that kisspeptin indirectly stimulates GnRH neurons through direct regulation of NPY neurons. Using hypothalamic NPY-secreting cell lines,

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Tanaka, *Masaki, and Shunji Yamada. "INPUT AND OUTPUT OF NEUROPEPTIDE Y IN THE NUCLEUS ACCUMBENS AND PALATABLE FOOD INTAKE." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 28, Supplement_1 (2025): i236. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyae059.413.

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Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-amino acid neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the central nervous system and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is one of the NPY abundant regions as well as arcuate and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei. NPY in the hypothalamus is well known to enhance food intake. NAc is a hub region of reward and dependence of alcohol and drug intake. We previously suggested that NPY- expressing neurons in the NAc modulate anxiety-behavior using NPY-Cre mice and Cre-dependent AAV. To investigate the projection sites of NAc NPY neurons, we injected AAV(DJ)-FLEX-mCherry

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Wiley, J. W., R. A. Gross, and R. L. MacDonald. "Agonists for neuropeptide Y receptor subtypes NPY-1 and NPY-2 have opposite actions on rat nodose neuron calcium currents." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 1 (1993): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.324.

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1. The whole-cell variation of the patch-clamp technique was used to study the effect of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and preferential agonists for the NPY-1 and NPY-2 receptor subtypes on voltage-dependent calcium currents in acutely dissociated postnatal rat nodose ganglion neurons. 2. Both low- and high-threshold calcium current components were present. NPY altered voltage-dependent calcium currents in approximately 50% of neurons studied. NPY (0.1-100 nM, ED50 6 nM) decreased the peak amplitude of transient high-threshold calcium currents in approximately 45% of the neurons. NPY (100 nM) decreased

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Sarkar, Sumit, та Ronald M. Lechan. "Central Administration of Neuropeptide Y Reduces α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate Response Element Binding Protein (CREB) Phosphorylation in Pro-Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons and Increases CREB Phosphorylation in Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus". Endocrinology 144, № 1 (2003): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2002-220675.

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Abstract Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has a potent inhibitory effect on TRH gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and contributes to the fall in circulating thyroid hormone levels during fasting mediated by a reduction in serum leptin levels. Because α-MSH activates the TRH gene by increasing the phosphorylation of CREB in the nucleus of these neurons, we raised the possibility that at least one of the mechanisms by which NPY reduces TRH mRNA in hypophysiotropic neurons is by antagonizing the ability of α-MSH to phosphorylate CREB. As NPY increases CRH mRNA in the hypothalamus, we furth

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Feng, Bing, Frank Greenway, Jerney Harms, et al. "OR23-3 Hunger Hormone Asprosin Activates Orexigenic Neurons via SK Currents." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (2022): A19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.039.

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Abstract Neurons that co-express the orexigenic agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are indispensable for normal feeding behavior. Firing activities of AgRP/NPY neurons dynamically fluctuate with energy status and coordinate appropriate feeding behavior to meet nutritional demands. We previously demonstrated that asprosin, a recently discovered fasting-induced glucogenic and orexigenic hormone, crosses the blood-brain barrier and directly activates the orexigenic AgRP/NPY neurons via a cyclic cAMP-dependent pathway. However, intrinsic mechanisms on how asprosin regulates AgR

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Marston, Oliver J., Paul Hurst, Mark L. Evans, Denis I. Burdakov, and Lora K. Heisler. "Neuropeptide Y Cells Represent a Distinct Glucose-Sensing Population in the Lateral Hypothalamus." Endocrinology 152, no. 11 (2011): 4046–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-1307.

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The maintenance of appropriate glucose levels is necessary for survival. Within the brain, specialized neurons detect glucose fluctuations and alter their electrical activity. These glucose-sensing cells include hypothalamic arcuate nucleus neurons expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) neurons expressing orexin/hypocretins (ORX) or melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). Within the LHA, a population of NPY-expressing cells exists; however, their ability to monitor energy status is unknown. We investigated whether NPY neurons located in the LHA, a classic hunger cente

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Wahle, P., T. Gorba, M. J. Wirth, and K. Obst-Pernberg. "Specification of neuropeptide Y phenotype in visual cortical neurons by leukemia inhibitory factor." Development 127, no. 9 (2000): 1943–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.9.1943.

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Building the complex mammalian neocortex requires appropriate numbers of neurochemically specified neurons. It is not clear how the highly diverse cortical interneurons acquire their distinctive phenotypes. The lack of genetic determination implicates environmental factors in this selection and specification process. We analysed, in organotypic visual cortex cultures, the specification of neurons expressing neuropeptide Y (NPY), a potent anticonvulsant. Endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 4/5 play no role in early NPY phenotype specification. Rather, the decision to e

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Dhillon, Sandeep S., Sean A. McFadden, Jennifer A. Chalmers, Maria-Luisa Centeno, Ginah L. Kim, and Denise D. Belsham. "Cellular Leptin Resistance Impairs the Leptin-Mediated Suppression of Neuropeptide Y Secretion in Hypothalamic Neurons." Endocrinology 152, no. 11 (2011): 4138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-0178.

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Abstract (sommario):

Evidence shows that neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons are involved in mediating the anorexigenic action of leptin via neuronal circuits in the hypothalamus. However, studies have produced limited data on the cellular processes involved and whether hypothalamic NPY neurons are susceptible to cellular leptin resistance. To investigate the direct regulation of NPY secretion by leptin, we used novel NPY-synthesizing, immortalized mHypoA-NPY/green fluorescent protein and mHypoA-59 hypothalamic cell lines derived from adult hypothalamic primary cultures. We report that leptin treatment significantly supp

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West, Katherine Stuhrman, and Aaron G. Roseberry. "Neuropeptide-Y alters VTA dopamine neuron activity through both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 1 (2017): 625–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00879.2016.

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Abstract (sommario):

The mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, the brain’s reward system, regulates many different behaviors including food intake, food reward, and feeding-related behaviors, and there is increasing evidence that hypothalamic feeding-related neuropeptides alter dopamine neuron activity to affect feeding. For example, neuropeptide-Y (NPY), a strong orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptide, increases motivation for food when injected into the ventral tegmental area (VTA). How NPY affects the activity of VTA dopamine neurons to regulate feeding behavior is unknown, however. In these studies we have used who

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39

Xu, Jing, Melissa A. Kirigiti, Michael A. Cowley, Kevin L. Grove, and M. Susan Smith. "Suppression of Basal Spontaneous Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuronal Activity during Lactation: Role of Inhibitory Effects of Neuropeptide Y." Endocrinology 150, no. 1 (2008): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0962.

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Abstract (sommario):

Increased neuropeptide Y (NPY) activity drives the chronic hyperphagia of lactation and may contribute to the suppression of GnRH activity. The majority of GnRH neurons are contacted by NPY fibers, and GnRH cells express NPY Y5 receptor (Y5R). Therefore, NPY provides a neurocircuitry for information about food intake/energy balance to be directly transmitted to GnRH neurons. To investigate the effects of lactation on GnRH neuronal activity, hypothalamic slices were prepared from green fluorescent protein-GnRH transgenic rats. Extracellular loose-patch recordings determined basal GnRH neuronal

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Sun, Lihjen, and Richard J. Miller. "Multiple Neuropeptide Y Receptors Regulate K+ and Ca2+ Channels in Acutely Isolated Neurons From the Rat Arcuate Nucleus." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 3 (1999): 1391–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1391.

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Abstract (sommario):

Multiple neuropeptide Y receptors regulate potassium and calcium channels in acutely isolated neurons from the arcuate nucleus of the rat. We examined the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and related peptides on Ca2+ and K+ currents in acutely isolated neurons from the arcuate nucleus of the rat. NPY analogues that activated all of the known NPY receptors (Y1–Y5), produced voltage-dependent inhibition of Ca2+ currents and activation of inwardly rectifying K+ currents in arcuate neurons. Both of these effects could occur simultaneously in the same cells. In some cells, activation of Y4 NPY recep

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Mano-Otagiri, Asuka, Takahiro Nemoto, Azusa Sekino, et al. "Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) Neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus (Arc) of the Hypothalamus Are Decreased in Transgenic Rats Whose Expression of Ghrelin Receptor Is Attenuated: Evidence that Ghrelin Receptor Is Involved in the Up-Regulation of GHRH Expression in the Arc." Endocrinology 147, no. 9 (2006): 4093–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2005-1619.

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Abstract (sommario):

GH secretagogue (GHS)/ghrelin stimulates GH secretion by binding mainly to its receptor (GHS-R) on GHRH neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus. GHRH, somatostatin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the hypothalamus are involved in the regulatory mechanism of GH secretion. We previously created transgenic (Tg) rats whose GHS-R expression is reduced in the Arc, showing lower body weight and shorter nose-tail length. GH secretion is decreased in female Tg rats. To clarify how GHS-R affects GHRH expression in the Arc, we compared the numbers of GHS-R-positive, GHRH, and NPY neurons bet

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Partridge, John G., Megan J. Janssen, David Y. T. Chou, Ken Abe, Zofia Zukowska, and Stefano Vicini. "Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses in Neuropeptide Y–Expressing Striatal Interneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 5 (2009): 3038–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00272.2009.

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Abstract (sommario):

Although rare, interneurons are pivotal in governing striatal output by extensive axonal arborizations synapsing on medium spiny neurons. Using a genetically modified mouse strain in which a green fluorescent protein (GFP) is driven to be expressed under control of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) promoter, we identified NPY interneurons and compared them with striatal principal neurons. We found that the bacteria artificial chromosome (BAC)- npy mouse expresses GFP with high fidelity in the striatum to the endogenous expression of NPY. Patch-clamp analysis from NPY neurons showed a heterogeneous popu

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Turi, Gergely F., Zsolt Liposits, Suzanne M. Moenter, Csaba Fekete, and Erik Hrabovszky. "Origin of Neuropeptide Y-Containing Afferents to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons in Male Mice." Endocrinology 144, no. 11 (2003): 4967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0470.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract The origin of neuropeptide Y (NPY) afferents to GnRH neurons was investigated in male mice. Neonatal lesioning of the hypothalamic arcuate nuclei (ARC) with monosodium glutamate markedly reduced the number of NPY fibers in the preoptic area as well as the frequency of their contacts with perikarya and proximal dendrites of GnRH neurons. Dual-label immunofluorescence studies to determine the precise contribution of the ARC to the innervation of GnRH neurons by NPY axons were carried out on transgenic mice in which enhanced green fluorescent protein was expressed under the control of th

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Aveleira, Célia A., Mariana Botelho, Sara Carmo-Silva, et al. "Neuropeptide Y stimulates autophagy in hypothalamic neurons." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 13 (2015): E1642—E1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416609112.

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Abstract (sommario):

Aging is characterized by autophagy impairment that contributes to age-related disease aggravation. Moreover, it was described that the hypothalamus is a critical brain area for whole-body aging development and has impact on lifespan. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the major neuropeptides present in the hypothalamus, and it has been shown that, in aged animals, the hypothalamic NPY levels decrease. Because caloric restriction (CR) delays aging, at least in part, by stimulating autophagy, and also increases hypothalamic NPY levels, we hypothesized that NPY could have a relevant role on autophag

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Tanaka, Masaki, Shunji Yamada, and Yoshihisa Watanabe. "The Role of Neuropeptide Y in the Nucleus Accumbens." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (2021): 7287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147287.

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Abstract (sommario):

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), an abundant peptide in the central nervous system, is expressed in neurons of various regions throughout the brain. The physiological and behavioral effects of NPY are mainly mediated through Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptor subtypes, which are expressed in regions regulating food intake, fear and anxiety, learning and memory, depression, and posttraumatic stress. In particular, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has one of the highest NPY concentrations in the brain. In this review, we summarize the role of NPY in the NAc. NPY is expressed principally in medium-sized aspiny neurons, and

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Klenke, Ulrike, Stephanie Constantin, and Susan Wray. "Neuropeptide Y Directly Inhibits Neuronal Activity in a Subpopulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-1 Neurons via Y1 Receptors." Endocrinology 151, no. 6 (2010): 2736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-1198.

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Abstract (sommario):

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a member of the pancreatic polypeptide family, is an orexigenic hormone. GnRH-1 neurons express NPY receptors. This suggests a direct link between metabolic function and reproduction. However, the effect of NPY on GnRH-1 cells has been variable, dependent on metabolic and reproductive status of the animal. This study circumvents these issues by examining the role of NPY on GnRH-1 neuronal activity in an explant model that is based on the extra-central nervous system origin of GnRH-1 neurons. These prenatal GnRH-1 neurons express many receptors found in GnRH-1 neurons in t

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Damon, Deborah H. "TH and NPY in sympathetic neurovascular cultures: role of LIF and NT-3." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 294, no. 1 (2008): C306—C312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00214.2007.

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Abstract (sommario):

The sympathetic nervous system is an important determinant of vascular function. The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are mediated via release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides from postganglionic sympathetic neurons. The present study tests the hypothesis that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSM) maintain adrenergic neurotransmitter/neuropeptide expression in the postganglionic sympathetic neurons that innervate them. The effects of rat aortic and tail artery VSM (AVSM and TAVSM, respectively) on neuropeptide Y (NPY) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were assessed in cultures of disso

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Oh, Youjin, Eun-Seon Yoo, Sang Hyeon Ju, et al. "GIRK2 potassium channels expressed by the AgRP neurons decrease adiposity and body weight in mice." PLOS Biology 21, no. 8 (2023): e3002252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002252.

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Abstract (sommario):

It is well known that the neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons increase appetite and decrease thermogenesis. Previous studies demonstrated that optogenetic and/or chemogenetic manipulations of NPY/AgRP neuronal activity alter food intake and/or energy expenditure (EE). However, little is known about intrinsic molecules regulating NPY/AgRP neuronal excitability to affect long-term metabolic function. Here, we found that the G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels are key to stabilize NPY/AgRP neurons and that NPY/AgRP neuron-selective deletion of the GIRK2 s

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Albers, H. E., J. E. Ottenweller, S. Y. Liou, M. D. Lumpkin, and E. R. Anderson. "Neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus: effect on corticosterone and single-unit activity." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 258, no. 2 (1990): R376—R382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.258.2.r376.

Testo completo

Abstract (sommario):

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether neuropeptide Y (NPY) acts within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) or the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to alter circulating levels of corticosterone and to evaluate the effects of NPY on the single-unit response of PVN and SCN neurons using the hypothalamic slice preparation. Blood levels of corticosterone were determined in groups of rats that received microinjections of NPY or saline (Sal) into the PVN or SCN. NPY injected into the PVN 4 h after light onset resulted in corticosterone levels of 13.15 +/- 2.18 (SE) microgr

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50

Dimitrov, Eugene L., M. Regina DeJoseph, Mark S. Brownfield, and Janice H. Urban. "Involvement of Neuropeptide Y Y1 Receptors in the Regulation of Neuroendocrine Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Neuronal Activity." Endocrinology 148, no. 8 (2007): 3666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1730.

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Abstract (sommario):

The neuroendocrine parvocellular CRH neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus are the main integrators of neural inputs that initiate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression is prominent within the PVN, and previous reports indicated that NPY stimulates CRH mRNA levels. The purpose of these studies was to examine the participation of NPY receptors in HPA axis activation and determine whether neuroendocrine CRH neurons express NPY receptor immunoreactivity. Infusion of 0.5 nmol NPY into the third ventricle increased plasma co

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