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1
Moulding, Nicole. "“Becoming a Better Man”". Affilia 33, n. 1 (16 ottobre 2017): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109917729665.
Abstract (sommario):
Childhood emotional abuse (CEA) is the most common and psychologically harmful form of child abuse. While there has been attention to how gender discourses and power relations frame other forms of interpersonal violence and abuse, there has been no research into the gendered dimensions of CEA. This article reports on the findings from a qualitative interview study with men who have these backgrounds. The study was framed by a poststructural feminist understanding of gender, discourse, and power and R. W. Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity and social practices of gender. Narrative-discursive analysis revealed a powerful discourse about “becoming a better man” in spite of abuse through practices of hegemonic masculinity, particularly the control of emotion and prevailing over abusers. The article considers the positive and negative implications for abused men’s subjectivities as well as those for women and wider gender power relations. The article also considers gender-aware approaches for social workers and other professionals working with individuals who have these backgrounds.
2
Estlein, Roi, Ronit Smadar Dror e Zeev Winstok. "The Association between Women’s History of Sexual Abuse, Mental Health, and Sexual Motivations in Committed Intimate Relationships". Healthcare 12, n. 3 (2 febbraio 2024): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12030389.
Abstract (sommario):
In committed intimate relationships, motivations for engaging in or avoiding sexual relations can indicate partners’ perceptions, needs, and attitudes toward sexual intimacy, and reflect sexual functioning. Sexual motivations can be positive, reflecting and advancing relational goals, such as establishing and maintaining closeness between partners and pleasure, or negative, stemming out of fear of one’s partner, pleasing them, or depriving sexual contact to punish the partner or establish relational power. In this study, we extended the current conceptualization and assessment of negative sexual motivations to explore the associations between women’s history of sexual abuse, their mental health, and their negative sexual motivations. Structural equation modeling results from 236 adult Israeli women who were in committed intimate relationships indicated that a woman’s history of sexual abuse negatively predicted her mental health which, in turn, negatively predicted her negative sexual motivations. Mental health mediated the association between a woman’s history of sexual abuse and her negative sexual motivations. These findings have theoretical and empirical contributions to research in terms of the short- and long-term effects of sexual abuse on women, mental health, and women’s sexuality. Their clinical implications for mental health professionals, sexual therapists, and clinicians working with women who experience sexual abuse are also discussed.
3
Zernig, Gerald, e Christoph Hiemke. "Making the Case for ‘Power Abuse Disorder' as a Nosologic Entity". Pharmacology 100, n. 1-2 (2017): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000475600.
Abstract (sommario):
The development of societies and cultures arguably is based on the ability of human primates to form hierarchies in which some individuals acquire and wield power, that is, control resources and influence and control the behavior of their conspecifics. In the following, we focus on the type of human primate power wielding that (a) harms and (b) produces excessive negative emotions in (1) the victim(s) of the power wielder and (2) the power wielder her/himself. If such a harmful behavior of the power wielder is not accompanied by an ethically justifiable benefit for the involved human primate groups, it can be considered “power abuse.” We propose to term the associated behaviors, cognitions, and emotions of the power wielder as “power abuse disorder” (PAD). This behavior results from what we consider addictive behavior of the power abuse disordered (PADed) power wielder. PAD can be diagnosed on the basis of the World Health Organization's criteria for “dependence syndrome” as listed in the International Classification of Diseases version 10. We will demonstrate that many PADed individuals may very likely carry the Zeitgeist diagnosis “burnout.” This article reviews the current understanding of the neural correlates of PAD and suggests future research. Based on the available evidence, PAD seems to be associated with a dysfunction of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, rendering PADed individuals vulnerable for psychostimulant abuse/dependence, and suggesting specific pharmacotherapeutic approaches to treat PAD.
4
Tanjevic, Natasa. "Society as a victim of bearers of economic and political power". Temida 14, n. 2 (2011): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1102023t.
Abstract (sommario):
In the transition countries, politics and economics are so connected and interrelated that many individuals who take high governmental positions or who have economic power abuse their status in order to make huge profits and commit criminal acts without impunity. The aim of this paper is to indicate the basic characteristics of this kind of crime and its negative consequences to the society as a whole. The abuse of economic and political power results in increasing economic inequalities, decreasing chances of entering foreign direct investments, and falling economic growth. Besides, this contributes to creating fertile soil for populism and supporting political elites that are not committed to building rule of law, stable democratic society and fair market economy. As a result, citizens? confidence in the state and its institutions weakens, while the normative system of values in the society is jeopardized. In this way, the society becomes the victim of irresponsible individuals, and of those who abuse their economic and social power.
5
Kochuthara, Shaji George. "The Sexual Abuse Scandal and a New Ethical Horizon: A Perspective from India". Theological Studies 80, n. 4 (dicembre 2019): 931–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040563919874517.
Abstract (sommario):
Despite recent signs of change, the Indian church was rather reluctant to acknowledge the clerical sexual abuse scandal as its own problem. In the Indian context, the scandal entails not only the abuse of minors, but also the abuse of women and other vulnerable adults by church personnel. The hierarchical structure of Indian society, gender relations based on patriarchy, and postcolonial attitudes provide a fertile ground for abuse. Clericalism, centralization of power in the church, and continuing negative attitudes to sexuality are further contributing factors. The clerical sexual abuse scandal calls for developing new ethical horizons based on a theology of a participatory church, and a reconsideration of the church’s attitude to sexuality and gender relations.
6
Kleymenov, Mikhail. "Abuse of Power by the Police: Myths and Reality". Russian Journal of Criminology 15, n. 1 (9 marzo 2021): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2021.15(1).46-54.
Abstract (sommario):
The analysis of the situation with the rule of law in different countries makes it necessary to draw attention to the global trend of substituting the theoretical concept of a law-governed state by the practice of abuse of power by the police. The abuse of power by the police and other security forces in the Russian Federation is most evident in two areas: corruption and crimes in the sphere of justice. In this connection, it is important to understand the validity of the concepts of criminal law reaction and the practice of its enforcement in cases of abuse of power by the police. A study of the work of the institute of business ombudsmen makes it possible to state that it is focused on proving that security forces «harass business». No persuasive proof is presented that supports this claim. Nevertheless, the lawmakers pursue the policy of selecting a special subject of crime with a lowered criminal liability — an entrepreneur, thus violating the principle of equality before the law. At the same time, it is impossible to deny the commercialization of the activities of security forces who found their own niche in the market economy. This is the niche of corruption. Corruption pressure on businesses most often takes the shape of extorting bribes and provoking corruption. The provocation and incitement activities of the police often involve those citizens who later are prosecuted for crimes connected with illegal trade in drugs, and for insulting authorities. In this connection, the negative attitude of a considerable part of Russian society to the police is not surprising. This attitude is, to a great degree, formed by discrediting law enforcement bodies. Russian mass media have been working long and hard to create a negative image of the police. The authors of the «gangsters vs. cops» series have been especially successful. This leads to the conclusion that the paradigm «business in Russia is under the pressure of criminal legislation, and security forces «harass business» is fake. The institute of business ombudsmen should reject it and focus of identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions of the situation that made law enforcement bodies subjects of market relations. It is necessary to radically oppose the legalization of crime provocation («legitimate provocation») that some authors suggest. Any facilitation to the provocation activities of security forces looks like a decisive refusal to protect citizens, which opens the gates to widespread lawlessness and, from the legal standpoint, is absolutely unacceptable. The existing operative and investigation activities are quite adequate for detecting real offenders.
7
Boland, Matthew, Jennifer Klosterman Rielage e Tim Hoyt. "The power of negative mood in predicting posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol abuse comorbidity." Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 10, n. 5 (settembre 2018): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000322.
8
Choi, Youngkeun. "Organizational Control Policy, Information Security Deviance, and Moderating Effect of Power Distance Orientation". International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning 9, n. 3 (luglio 2019): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcbpl.2019070104.
Abstract (sommario):
Researchers generally believe that organizational control can deter employees' information security deviant behaviors. However, these relationships are not always observed. Based on the cognitive appraisal theory, this study extends the content domain of information security research by examining the moderating effect of power distance orientation, a kind of cultural value, on these relationships. In the results, first, the severity of penalty and the certainty of detection decreases employees' computer abuse. Second, employee power distance orientation moderates the relationships of the severity of penalty with employee computer abuse, such that the negative relationships are stronger for employees with higher power distance orientation. The findings suggest the deterrent function of cultural values employees hold in organizational behavior.
9
Meoli, Michele, Stefano Paleari e Giovanni Urga. "Rights issues, private benefits and negative-NPV investments". Corporate Ownership and Control 6, n. 2 (2008): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i2c1p7.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper discusses the use of rights issues when interest conflicts between controlling shareholders and minorities exist, due to the existence of private benefits that the former can extract from the value of listed company. While the literature considers the issue of pre-emptive rights as an essential tool to protect minorities from expropriation, we propose that pre-emptive rights are used to enforce the subscription of seasoned equity issues. We define an abuse condition as the case when a controlling shareholder choose discretionally an issuing price, granting a discount with respect to the market price, and "enforce" minorities to undertake a negative-NPV investment. Minorities do so because they are minimizing an exit cost that is greater than zero. As the rights issue never fails under these conditions, we define this phenomenon as "enforced subscription". This model fits the Italian legal framework and many other international contexts where rights issues are dominant. We report the case of Alitalia’s rights issue in 2005 as a typical example of "enforcement at work". As rights issues at a high discount often involve an abuse of power by the controlling shareholders, we argue that their use should be carefully regulated.
10
Sakala, Sandra Chilensi. "Girl Child Sexual Abuse in Lusaka Urban". Journal of Law and Social Sciences 1, n. 1 (31 marzo 2012): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.1.1.366.
Abstract (sommario):
The study on girl child sexual abuse and whose findings are presented in this article
was conducted in 2010 as an academic requirement for the purpose of completing a
Master’s degree in Gender Studies at the University of Zambia.
This article outlines issues of sexual abuse and the various reasons why under-age
girls are more vulnerable to sexual abuse, cultural beliefs with regard to sexual abuse,
gender and power relations and sexual abuse, and existing community programmes and
knowledge levels, and institutional mechanisms of the sexual abuse case reporting in
Lusaka urban. The article has drawn conclusions and recommendations for enhancing
the protection of the children against child sexual abuse. By conducting a study that
comprehensively assesses the types of programmes and perceived implementation
gaps from Lusaka, this report poses specific policy and structural recommendations
on how best to address the existing problem of increased vulnerability of under-age
girls to sexual abuse.
Child sexual abuse is a form of abuse in which a child is abused for the sexual
gratification of an adult or older adolescent (CHIN, 2005: 53). Child sexual abuse is
the actual or the likely sexual exploitation of a child and includes rape, incest and all
forms of sexual activity (VSO, 2008: 2). In Zambia, anyone under the age of sixteen
is classified as a child.
Researchers cite various reasons why child sexual abuse is so common: Gender
power relations (patriarchy views which place women and children in lower positions),
poverty, a legacy of violent homes, power relations between children and adults, and
cultural beliefs.
The research was an exploratory study undertaken in Lusaka urban and endeavored
to explore why the problem of sexual abuse was persistent and why under-age children
were vulnerable to it. Using purposive and simple random sampling, a sample size of
seventy was arrived at and both qualitative and quantitative approaches of research
were employed. The data was then analysed manually and by Statistical Package for
Social Science (SPSS).
The institutions visited were: Ministry of Community Development and Social
Welfare, Women and Law in Southern Africa Trust, The Child Protection Unit of
the Zambia Police Service, Young Women Christian Association, Isubilo Orphanage
and Drop-in Centre and Jesus Cares Ministries Orphanage. Additionally, community
members from Chawama, Mtendere and Kabwata compounds were interviewed for
more insight into the study.
The study results showed that under-age girl-children were more vulnerable to sexual
abuse because they were easy to coerce, threaten, lure and could be more trusting
than much older girls. Further, the study revealed that gender-power relations, power
relations between children and adults, cultural beliefs and community programmes on
sexual abuse played a role in girl child sexual abuse.
The overall study recommendations were coined from the outcomes and
conclusions made in the study as follows: children needed more focused education
to increase their knowledge about child sexual abuse; intensify funding injections
into already functional community and school programmes, for example the School
Liaison Programme under the Zambia Police Service; putting in place a holistic
approach to sensitise community members centring on encroaching cultural norms
and practices that perpetrate child sexual abuse; there was need to intensify and widen
the coverage of programmes on child sexual abuse clearly stipulating and defining
types of sexual abuse; the law and punishment for perpetrators; perceived gaps in the
awareness programmes and institutional mechanism for sexual abuse case reporting
was bureaucratically long, long court procedures and negative cultural doctrines also
played a role and as such needed attention.
11
Stamat, Viktoriia. "Means of Neutralizing Abusive Behavior in Enterprise Management". Modern Economics 37, n. 1 (20 marzo 2023): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v37(2023)-13.
Abstract (sommario):
ial elements, human resources and informational connections in the production process. Leaders in any business must exercise caution in the exercise of their power and refrain from destructive and abusive behavior. In general, a large number of business leaders are tolerant of their employees, but some are not and abuse their power by mistreating their employees. This article is devoted to abusive behavior in management and means of its neutralization. Abusive behavior can be the cause of conflicts, deterioration of communication and decrease in the efficiency of team work. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to research means of neutralizing abusive behavior in enterprise management. The tasks of this article are to determine the general essence of the concepts of "abuse", "abuser", "abusive behavior" and to investigate the concept of abusive behavior in enterprise management and to determine the main ways of solving this problem. Results. The author describes various forms of abusive behavior, such as intimidation, intimidation, manipulation and discrediting, and also considers the main methods of neutralizing abusive behavior, such as the use of psychological techniques, maintaining emotional calm, increasing the level of emotional intelligence and developing leadership skills. It was determined that abuse as a type of psychological manipulation and social influence is carried out with the aim of covertly introducing certain attitudes into the psyche of the person who is the victim of the abuser, which are not the actual needs of the victim. Conclusions. The author proved that abusive behavior in management is a rather negative phenomenon and affects various aspects of the activity of any enterprise. The main task is to detect this behavior in time and to stop it as soon as possible by all existing methods in order to normalize the further activities of the enterprise.
12
Bakri, Nabil. "MAGISTERIUM AS THE ENEMY OF LIBERAL THOUGHTS IN PHILLIP PULLMAN’S NORTHERN LIGHTS". Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies 6, n. 2 (30 settembre 2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v6i2.61493.
Abstract (sommario):
Pullman’s Northern Lights is considered by many as a representation of negative criticism toward religion, especially Christianity, for its depictions of the Magisterium. Many researches aim to unravel Pullman’s criticism and prove whether or not the novel is about ‘killing God’, resulting in the general perception that Northern Lights is a condemnation of religion. By comparing the novel to the history of Medieval Church and the power of Magisterium to the Bible, this analysis means to prove whether or not the criticism is addressed to religion and to figure out who really ‘kills God’ that becomes the essential point of Pullman’s criticism in the novel. Using Marxism and its relation to power abuse, this analysis attempts to relate Pullman’s Magisterium to the real Magisterium and how the institution gains its power from God as mentioned in the holy Bible. Magisterium in Northern Lights does not represent God’s will. It serves instead as a critic of who kills God and therefore, it is not a form of literature to condemn religion.Keywords: magisterium; medieval church; scripture; fantasy; power abuse
13
Иван Александрович, Иванин,. "Modern aspects of the criminological characteristics of the personality of employees of internal affairs bodies who have committed abuse of power". Вестник Московской академии Следственного комитета Российской Федерации, n. 3(33) (1 settembre 2022): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54217/2588-0136.2022.33.3.016.
Abstract (sommario):
В настоящее время существенное значение имеет противодействие преступности сотрудников органов внутренних дел в целом и совершению ими злоупотреблений должностными полномочиями и превышений должностных полномочий в частности. Одним из направлений противодействия преступлениям рассматриваемого вида является их предупреждение. Эффективность предупреждения данных преступлений в значительной степени зависит от изучения криминологической характеристики личности сотрудников органов внутренних дел, совершивших злоупотребление должностными полномочиями или превышение должностных полномочий, и использования этих данных в практической деятельности субъектов предупредительной деятельности. В процессе исследования в работе выделены и проанализированы основные группы современных характеристик личности преступников, совершающих указанные виды преступлений, к которым относятся социально-демографические, нравственно-психологические, уголовно-правовые характеристики. В процессе исследования рассмотрены современные данные, характеризующие личность сотрудников органов внутренних дел, совершающих злоупотребление должностными полномочиями и превышение должностных полномочий. При этом отмечены как позитивные с точки зрения влияния на предупреждение данных преступлений характеристики, так и негативные. Проведённое исследование позволило сделать вывод о существенном влиянии на совершение злоупотреблений должностными полномочиями и превышений должностных полномочий со стороны сотрудников органов внутренних дел такой личностной характеристики, как уровень правовой культуры субъектов этих преступлений. Также делается вывод о том, что различные современные личностные характеристики преступников из числа сотрудников органов внутренних дел требуют более углублённого изучения в целях разработки рекомендаций по реализации мер предупреждения совершения ими злоупотреблений должностными полномочиями и превышений должностных полномочий. At present, countering the crime of employees of the internal affairs bodies in general and their abuse of power in particular is of significant importance. One of the ways to counter crimes of this type is their prevention. The effectiveness of the prevention of these crimes largely depends on the study of the criminological characteristics of the personality of employees of internal affairs bodies who have committed abuse of power, and the use of these data in the practical activities of the subjects of preventive activities. In the process of research, the main groups of modern characteristics of the personality of criminals who commit these types of crimes, which include socio-demographic, moral and psychological, criminal law characteristics, are identified and analyzed. In the course of the study, modern data are considered that characterize the personality of employees of internal affairs bodies who abuse their official powers and exceed their official powers. At the same time, both positive and negative characteristics in terms of the impact on the prevention of these crimes are noted. The study made it possible to conclude that there is a significant impact on the commission of abuse of power by employees of the internal affairs bodies of such a personal characteristic as the level of legal culture of the subjects of these crimes. The article concludes that various modern personal characteristics of criminals from among the employees of the internal affairs bodies require a more in-depth study in order to develop recommendations for the implementation of measures to prevent them from committing abuses of official powers and exceeding official powers.
14
Kholikov, Ivan V., e Anastasia I. Kholikova. "Parliamentary investigation as a tool of counter corruption and power abuse". Current Issues of the State and Law, n. 4 (2023): 551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2023-7-4-551-557.
Abstract (sommario):
Parliamentary control and parliamentary investigation as its component (type) in counteracting corruption and abuse of power are considered. The legal and social nature of the domestic institute of parliamentary investigation is noted, its determination in the Russian law is substantiated. The normative legal basis of the parliamentary investigation, peculiarities of legal regulation of the procedure of its practical implementation are revealed. The subjects of realization of parliamentary investigation are given and the objects to which it is directed are described. It is noted that the institute of parliamentary investigation does not replace other forms of state control or oversight, as well as activities in the administration of justice. It is stated that the grounds for conducting a parliamentary investigation may also be circumstances related to the emergence and negative consequences of natural and man-made emergencies, as well as facts that clearly indicate corruption of officials. The law enforcement experience in the field of parliamentary investigation in Russia and foreign countries are analyzed. It is revealed that in Russia there is no formed effective practice of realization of this procedure, since the adopted federal law under discussion has never been applied for the entire period of its existence. This testifies to the need for qualitative development of the existing regulatory framework, in particular, simplification of the procedure for initiating a parliamentary investigation.
15
Faldetta, Guglielmo. "Workplace deviance as a form of resistance to the abuse of hierarchical power: the role of reciprocity". puntOorg International Journal 1, n. 1 (11 marzo 2018): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19245//25.05.wpn.1.1.3.
Abstract (sommario):
The topic of employment relationship has acquired great importance in the last 25 years (Coyle-Shapiro and Shore, 2007). From a conceptual point of view, it describes in a wide sense the relationship between the employee and its organization, and includes many concepts like psychological contract, perceived organizational support, commitment, organizational citizenship behaviours, leader-member exchange, etc. All of these phenomena are generally related to desirable and positive organizational out- comes, while there are other phenomena, as workplace deviance, that can characterize the employment relationship and that can lead to less desirable outcomes. This paper aims to understand the main causes of workplace deviance behaviours, with a specific focus on the abuse of hierarchical power. This kind of behaviours could be a form of resistance or reaction to a source of frustrating organizational stressors (Robinson and Bennett, 1995), and the abuse of hierarchical power can be one of them (Mitchell and Ambrose, 2007). In brief: (1) the abuse of hierarchical power on employees can cause a feeling of injustice; (2) perceived injustice can lead to a need for revenge, and so to act behaviours against the supervisor or the organization which can motivate employees to seek for revenge (Aquino, Tripp and Bies, 2006; Bradfield and Aquino, 1999); (3) these acts of revenge can take the form of workplace deviant behaviours (Lawrence and Robin- son, 2007). The main contribution of the present study is to show that the relationship between perceived injustice and the need for revenge is not univocal, but it needs the mediation of a specific kind of reciprocity, namely negative reciprocity. Moreover, negative reciprocity may be distinguished in direct (an actor who suffered a negative action will reciprocate toward the actor who performed this action) and indirect or generalized (an actor who suffered a negative action will reciprocate toward someone else, or even toward the organization) (Alexander, 1987; Nowak and Sigmund, 1998; Stanca, 2009). Also workplace deviance can be distinguished in interpersonal (when it is directed toward other individuals) and organizational (when it is directed toward the organization). So the present study argues that when a norm of direct negative reciprocity is present, the revenge will be directed toward the actor who performed the negative action, so interpersonal deviant behaviours will be carried out. When a norm of generalized negative reciprocity is present, the revenge will be directed toward the organization, so organizational deviant behaviours will be carried out. Integrating literature on power and injustice with the field of revenge and deviant behaviours, this paper gives a contribution to organization and management studies, because these streams of research have developed in relative isolation from one another. In this sense, this paper tries to develop a theoretical contribution to understand the relationship between the kind of employment relationship and workplace deviance, considering deviant behaviours as signals of a need for revenge under a negative kind of reciprocity.
16
Pushkin, Ihar. "THE ORIGINS OF CORRUPTION AND ABUSE OF POWER IN THE SOVIET PAST (EXAMPLE OF BELARUS)". Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, n. 24 (2019): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2019.24.17.
Abstract (sommario):
Using the example of the BSSR the article analyzes the historical background of corruption and abuse of power in modern society. Mistakes and shortcomings in the personnel policy of the party-state leadership of Soviet Belarus are shown. The failure of economic policy is stated to have been caused by a number of objective and subjective factors including imperfection of the personnel selection system, weakening of state and labor discipline, spread of drunkenness and alcoholism, theft of state and public property. It is noted that in the 1970-1980s the number of embezzlement and misappropriations, the facts of using one's official position for personal enrichment did not steadily decline but increased, which resulted in great material damage to the national economy. A feature of that period was the fact that the facts of organized and corrupt crime were revealed in the USSR and Belarus. The most notorious cases: the numeral facts of venality by the officials of housing-departments of the Minsk district executive committee (1970), larcenies and abuses in the consumer cooperation in BSSR, especially in Orsha, where the high-level heads of Vitebsk Regional executive committee and Orsha district executive committee as well as some other authority members were involved into official corruption (1973). The negative tendencies of abuse took place also among Party’s and Soviet leaders: in Vitebsk Region during 1975-1980 more than 100 authority members were penalized for different cases of abuse; in 1981 138 heads were brought to responsibility. All these facts caused social tension in the society, disaffection of the population with the activities of the authorities, government and militia of the republic. As a result, the party-state leadership lost its authority, which along with economic problems and contention in society led to the collapse of the USSR. It is concluded that numerous facts of upward distortions and fraud bring into question the reliability of reporting figures on the implementation of plans and programs for the economic development of the BSSR, and numerous modern conflicts in countries that formed the USSR arose in the Soviet past.
17
Amorim-Gaudêncio, Carmen, Gisele Suminski Mendes e Lucas José Bacalhau Silveira. "Psychosocial Traumatic Environments: A Clinical Case of Childhood Abuse". Sexes 4, n. 3 (23 agosto 2023): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sexes4030026.
Abstract (sommario):
Traumatic psychosocial environments directly impact adult life. Compromised self-esteem, emotional self-regulation, and interpersonal relationships are observed, and a predisposition to the presence of mental and personality disorders is exacerbated in cases of sexual abuse. Science has presented quantitative and statistical studies on child abuse and a limited number of studies that have investigated the consequences and long-term impacts on the lives of individuals who suffered maltreatment in childhood and did not have access to forms of protection or social support after the identification of child abuse, especially in Brazil. Therefore, this case report is a qualitative study of an ideographic nature which aims to evaluate the “particular” form of abuse repercussions in the life of a 60-year-old woman, giving voice to the victim of child abuse through the process of the investigation and complex analysis of her life history and family relationships. The psychological assessment protocol included a semi-structured interview, active listening, a genogram, and a mental status examination. The results reveal the coexistence of a rigid and violent environment with the presence of physical punishment and child sexual abuse. Self-injurious episodes and suicide attempts began in adolescence. Changes in mood, changes in remote memory, negative thoughts, self-injurious behavior, suicidal ideation and attempts, clinical comorbidities, a lack of interest in romantic relationships, and the repetition of behaviors that perpetuate the cycle of abuse and violence (physical, psychological, and patrimonial) were identified. The diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder with dependent and borderline personality traits have been established. The case requires a multi-disciplinary follow-up with the use of medication to control and remit the symptoms.
18
Achata-Espinoza, Miguel, Carmen Rosa Muñoz-Dueñas, Sarai Cabrejos-Llontop e Carlos Jesus Toro-Huamanchumo. "Spare the rod, spoil the child: Bullying during medical internship in three Peruvian hospitals". Revista de la Facultad de Medicina 65, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2017): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v65n1.62752.
Abstract (sommario):
Dear Editor,Bullying has traditionally been considered normal during health professional training (1). However, it is now recognized as harmful to both academic traiwning and mental and emotional health, with negative consequences such as low career satisfaction, depression, burnout syndrome, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (2,3).The hierarchy observed in the different stages of the medical career facilitates power abuse and makes medical students vulnerable. Likewise, frequently undervaluing abuse leads to less willingness to report bullying cases, and in the continuity of this behavior over time (1,4). During medical internships, students are also considered as workers, which increases the chances of being bullied; in addition, the training environment differs from what they experienced early in their career (3).
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van Voorthuizen, Mercede, Irene Renate Faber, Daphne van de Bongardt e Nicolette Schipper-van Veldhoven. "A Qualitative Exploration of a Biopsychosocial Profile for Experiencing Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sports". Social Sciences 11, n. 7 (17 luglio 2022): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11070309.
Abstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to explore a biopsychosocial profile for experiencing sexual harassment and abuse in sports. A qualitative approach was used; data were collected from semi-structured in-depth interviews covering seven cases of sexual harassment and abuse in sports in the Netherlands. The interview transcripts were analysed and aligned with the biopsychosocial model. The results reveal biological (i.e., aged under 18, sex, and sexual orientation), psychological (i.e., high degree of naivety, altruism and agreeableness, low self-esteem, perfectionism, emotional or disorders) and social factors (i.e., poor or negative relationship with parents, social pressure to perform, incest at home, social isolation, elite sports and too much power of a single trainer/coach) that can contribute to the risk of experiencing sexual harassment and abuse in sports. These findings provide important directions for prevention and recognition in sports practice and future research.
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Van Ryzin, Mark J., e Cary J. Roseth. "The power of peer influence to address student behavioral problems". Phi Delta Kappan 99, n. 8 (30 aprile 2018): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721718775682.
Abstract (sommario):
As children reach adolescence, peer groups gain special power to influence their behavior, and young people tend to adapt their behavior to fit group norms. When students engage in bullying, alcohol and drug abuse, and other behavior, those in their peer group are more likely to engage in those behaviors as well. The authors sought to evaluate whether having students engage in peer learning through interdependent cooperative groups might disrupt this tendency. Middle school teachers were trained in using peer learning to teach their regular curriculum, and after one year, students showed more positive and less negative behavior than those in control schools that did not implement peer learning. The effect was also larger than has been reported for traditional prevention and social-emotional learning programs.
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Rohner, Shauna, Andreas Maercker, Alan Carr e Myriam Thoma. "Aging in the Aftermath of Adversity: Later-Life Impact of Institutional Child Abuse and Disclosure". Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.283.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Until the 1990’s in Ireland, many children in institutional care experienced abuse and neglect, with lasting negative effects, including trauma symptoms and psychopathology. While trauma disclosure can be important for recovery, findings are inconsistent and often lack consideration of wider social and interpersonal contexts. As survivors of this historical adversity enter later-life stages, research is needed on the long-term impact and to clarify the role of disclosure. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the later-life impact of institutional child abuse on health and well-being, and the role of trauma disclosure and socio-interpersonal contexts in an older adult sample. Qualitative semi-structured interviews (60-120 minutes) were conducted with 17 Irish older adults, aged 50-77 years (mean age=60.7 years), who experienced childhood institutional abuse. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and analysed using Framework Analysis. Themes for ‘childhood and related later-life adversity’ included detrimental perceptions and interactions, re-exposure and reminders, failure of system and society, and cycle of abuse. Disclosure themes included successful, unsuccessful, and non-disclosure, as well as evidence of socio-interpersonal interactions (e.g., non-disclosure influenced by shame or fear, compounded by socio-cultural values, (lack of) social acknowledgment, or the power of the church in society). Results suggest that childhood institutional abuse can have long-term negative impacts into later life, including social, psychological, physical health, and socio-economic aspects. Disclosure results emphasize the need to consider the complex social, cultural, and interpersonal contexts within which an individual is embedded. This may enhance understanding and facilitate targeted health and social care services for this older adult population.
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Kareem Zghayyir Al-Saaidi, Sawsan, e Isra’a Raheem Abdul-Hussain. "A Critical Discourse Analysis of a Selected Non-Governmental Organizations’ Report on Violence against Women in Iraq". Arab World English Journal 13, n. 3 (24 settembre 2022): 445–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol13no3.29.
Abstract (sommario):
Violence against women stands as one of the most dominant human rights violations. There are no social, economic, or national boundaries when it comes to violence against women. It is estimated that one in three women in the world will experience physical or sexual abuse at some point in their lives. Several non-governmental organizations’ reports have addressed the problem of violence against women in Iraq. Thus; the current study provides a critical analysis of the discursive techniques that are employed in the non-governmental organizations’ reports to show how Iraqi women are abused and subject to violence. Consequently; this study focuses on the linguistic and ideological underpinnings of a selected text on violence against women in Iraq. It attempts to show how language produces and maintains domination and abuse of power, engendering injustice, inequality, and ideological viewpoints. To answer this, the researchers draw upon van Dijk’s (2011) socio-cognitive approach and (2000) ideological analysis. The findings of the study have revealed that the non-governmental organizations’ report attempts to reflect the ideological position of the non-governmental organizations towards the Iraqi government, which declared its rejection of violence against women through its constitution and Panel Code. Despite this, the researchers have found that there is no actual adoption of these provisions in reality in its social context. Accordingly; the report has depended heavily on authority and evidentiality to show power relations and through the construction of reality based on societal perspectives. Using the linguistic and discoursal strategies employed in the analysis; the researchers have found that the report has materialized a negative attitude towards the government and society by referring to the power dominance which is exercised by social groups.
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Rinker, Katelyn. "Prevention of Psychological Abuse in Paediatric Populations". Journal of Victimology and Victim Justice 2, n. 2 (ottobre 2019): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516606919885500.
Abstract (sommario):
There are times when neglect or verbal abuse can be nearly as traumatic as physical assault. The social problem of violence relies on the fields of psychology and criminal justice to gain a deeper understanding of aggressive behaviour. These issues are especially troubling in children, who may not have the power to defend themselves, along with other members of special populations. Experiences of trauma during human development can also come with new challenges, such as altered family values through learned behaviors. Aggression is can be learned from family members or close relatives through modeling acts of anger. The reasons underlying child abuse is explored to raise awareness on this serious issue in society. The cycle of violence is also discussed in detail. And the adverse effects of abuse and neglect are emphasized. These concepts include negative health risks, such insomnia, drug use, and nicotine dependence. Other detrimental effects include a poor sense of self-image and low self-esteem, which can increase feelings of self-loathing and disgust. The opinions of specialists in human development and behavioural medicine are voiced to understand violent behavior in individuals prone to criminal behaviours. Experts from a book known as the Societal Burden of Child Abuse explain the aspects of traumatization.
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Isik, Burcin, e Nurgul Ozdemir. "How does cyberbullying affect the values of university youth?: Its’ analysis in terms of education and mental health". New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 6, n. 1 (10 maggio 2019): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v6i1.4193.
Abstract (sommario):
Cyberbullying is a systematic abuse of power which occurs through the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Research on cyberbullying shows that cyberbullying and victimisation have very serious negative effects on the value judgements, social, academic and emotional lives of young people. Persons exposed to cyberbullying include intense sadness and depression, feelings of fear and shame, tense experience, high or very low alertness, low interest in ICTs tools, problematic behaviours, decrease in school success, use of harmful substances or inconvenience, crime, substance abuse, frustration, anger, anxiety, loss of motivation, academic failure, school absenteeism and problems that can lead to suicide. The studies on cyberbullying will encourage young people to recognise this concept and use the technology in the right direction to cope with cyberbullying situations.
Keywords: Cyberbullying, university youth, education, mental health, technology
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Andrushkiv, Bohdan, Nataliia Kyrych, Olha Pohajdak, Liliia Melnyk e Olha Hahaliuk. "Internet: positive and negative vectors of information and communicative development in the conditions of society globalization". Socio-Economic Problems and the State 22, n. 1 (2020): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/sepd2020.01.116.
Abstract (sommario):
Scientific developments are devoted to one of the most important issues of today, the determination of the main directions of information and communication tool - the Internet - development. The research was carried out in the conditions of transformational economy of post-totalitarian society. Ways to increase the efficiency of the Internet due to the state and business innovation and management factors, the use of control tools etc. are considered. It is proposed to take organizational and economic measures to prevent possible abuses, improve the quality of information and communication services, coordination of activities in this area. It is established that the Internet as a World Wide Web is one of the most acceptable methods for assessing the stability of society, including and in the framework of administrative-territorial reform, in terms of efficient use of economic, energy, labor, and other resources in the context of European requirements. The positive and negative aspects of the network, as a phenomenon of its systemic use, through various applications, means of abuse, manipulation of public opinion etc. are described. It is noted that the only way to resist all kinds of manipulation is to explain, educate and teach critical thinking. Data from opinion polls on the role of the Internet in the society of users and the lives of respondents as a mean of information and communication, continuous increase in the number (gadgets) of devices per capita, their indirect use and obtaining synergy of computing power is provided. Despite the incredible technological progress and publicity of the person in the network, special emphasis is placed on the fact that privacy should remain. It is substantiated that due to the mentioned factors it is possible to provide proper information and communication service to Ukrainian users, to prevent possible abuses, which actually can strengthen our state and competitiveness in the European Union.
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Petrović, Luka. "The crisis of democracy: Schmitt's critique of liberal democracy". Socioloski pregled 55, n. 4 (2021): 1546–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/socpreg55-31523.
Abstract (sommario):
Based on Schmitt's critique of parliamentary democracy during the interwar crisis period, this paper answers the question of how relevant his insights are today regarding the political consequences of ignoring power relations in a society, and what negative effects are produced by depoliticization of economic and social relations. The author argues that Schmitt accurately diagnoses the key problems of parliamentary democracies. These are their inability to protect themselves from powerful social groups that displace decision-making from parliament, and neutrality towards political content potentially leading to the abuse of political institutions. However, solutions should not be sought in his work, especially because of the willingness to accept the broad competencies of the executive power in times of crisis and justify the suppression of party pluralism.
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Byon, Yesol, e Yoon Goo Noh. "Effects of Verbal Abuse Experience and Communication Competence on Burnout among Operating Room Nurses". Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics 49, n. 2 (31 maggio 2024): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21032/jhis.2024.49.2.117.
Abstract (sommario):
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of verbal abuse experience and communication competence on burnout among operating room nurses. This study is a cross-sectional descriptive study that tests the relationship between variables. Methods: Subjects were 134 operating room nurses working at one tertiary hospital and two general hospitals with more than 400 beds and data were collected from September 27 to October 17, 2022. The questionnaire included verbal abuse experience, communication competence, and burnout. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression analysis using SPSS WIN 27.0. Results: The mean score of verbal abuse experience was 2.03 ± 0.53, that of physician’s was 2.09 ± 0.54, that of nurses’ was 1.95 ± 0.70, that of communication competence was 3.60 ± 0.50, and that of burnout was 3.29 ± 0.78. Burnout has the positive relationship with the verbal abuse experience (r = 0.51, <i>p</i> < 0.001), whereas a negative correlation was observed with communication competence (r = -0.25, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Factors affecting burnout included verbal abuse experience (β = 0.26, <i>p</i> = 0.001), nursing job satisfaction; not satisfied (β = 0.26, <i>p</i> < 0.001), not healthy (β = 0.26, <i>p</i> = 0.009), nursing job satisfaction; moderate (β = 0.22, <i>p</i> = 0.002), and communication competence (β = -0.16, <i>p</i> = 0.027), with 46.1% explanatory power (F = 10.49, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Conclusions: This study shows that verbal abuse experience is factor that exacerbate burnout while communication competence is factor that reduce burnout in nurses. Therefore, a strategy are needed to prevent exposure to verbal abuse violence and improve communication competence.
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Akbarabadi, Esmaiel Gorgin, e Ali Najafi Tavana. "Rent and Rent-seeking in Iran". Journal of Politics and Law 9, n. 6 (31 luglio 2016): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n6p36.
Abstract (sommario):
Financial abuse of power and making decisions that would guarantee the achievement of personal goals have attracted the attention of many Iranian intellectuals in recent years. Evidently, these problems indicate a kind of corruption which is in turn caused by discrimination. A clear example of discrimination in the economic literature is rent seeking; a sinister phenomenon through which windfall wealth is gained. Nowadays, in Iran, the negative meaning of rent usually comes to mind. Unfortunately, it must be stated that political, administrative and financial corruption as well as different types of rent seeking especially economic and political rent have turned into one of the most important problems in the society. Presence of entire governments and politics of rentierism ihas intensifiednsified those problems. Rent seeking, weakens the motivation to work and be productive and causes productive powers to go astray and do wrong. In a society of rent-seekers, sources of wealth, education and power become exclusive and discrimination and corruption, bribery, and consideration of family relationships rather than the rules, unlawful appointments and dismissals, etc. spread all over the society.
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Morash, Merry, e Lila Rucker. "A Critical Look at the Idea of Boot Camp as a Correctional Reform". Crime & Delinquency 36, n. 2 (aprile 1990): 204–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128790036002002.
Abstract (sommario):
There is growing interest in modeling a military boot camp experience in correctional settings. Prior research on the history of military approaches in correctional settings and military basic training and on the images of masculinity that are encouraged in correctional boot camps raises questions about the efficacy of the correctional boot camp reform. The military model may set the stage for abuse of power and encourage increased aggression by both staff and offenders. Research does not provide indications that there will be beneficial effects. The potential for negative outcomes has clear implications for the design and evaluation of correctional boot camps.
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Gomes, Vera Lúcia de Oliveira, Camila Daiane Silva, Denize Cristina de Oliveira, Daniele Ferreira Acosta e Cristiane Lopes Amarijo. "Domestic violence against women: representations of health professionals". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 23, n. 4 (agosto 2015): 718–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0166.2608.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractObjective: to analyze the representations about domestic violence against women, among health professionals of Family Health Units.Method: qualitative study based on the Theory of Social Representations. Data were collected by means of evocations and interviews, treating them in the Ensemble de Programmes Pemettant L'Analyse des Evocations software - EVOC and content analysis.Results: nurses, physicians, nursing technicians and community health agents participated. The evocations were answered by 201 professionals and, of these, 64 were interviewed. The central core of this representation, comprised by the terms "aggression", "physical-aggression", "cowardice" and "lack of respect", which have negative connotations and were cited by interviewees. In the contrast zone, comprised by the terms "abuse", "abuse-power", "pain", "humiliation", "impunity", "suffering", "sadness" and "violence", two subgroups were identified. The first periphery contains the terms "fear", evoked most often, followed by "revolt", "low self-esteem" and "submission", and in the second periphery "acceptance" and "professional support".Conclusion: this is a structured representation since it contains conceptual, imagetic and attitudinal elements. The subgroups were comprised by professionals working in the rural area and by those who had completed their professional training course in or after 2004. These presented a representation of violence different from the representation of the general group, although all demonstrated a negative connotation of this phenomenon.
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Vicki Dwi Purnomo, Suryawan Raharjo e Aida Dewi. "It is necessary to limit the term of office of the House of Representatives to prevent abuse of authority in Indonesia". Formosa Journal of Applied Sciences 2, n. 3 (28 marzo 2023): 437–340. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjas.v2i3.3588.
Abstract (sommario):
In Indonesia, the limitation of power has been implemented in the constitution which regulates the term of office of the President and Vice President. The limitation of the President's term of office is an attempt to prevent the incumbent from continuing in power which is the reason for absolute power. There are no regulations that apply to DPR members. There is no provision which states that a candidate for members of the Legislative Body who has served as a member of the Legislative Body for 2 (two) terms cannot return to serve as President. The large number of board members who are caught in corruption cases has created a negative public perception. Indonesia adheres to the principle of democracy or people's sovereignty which guarantees citizen participation in the decision-making process within the state, so that many laws and regulations that are implemented and enforced represent the realization of justice and legal certainty.
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Mountjoy, Margo, Celia Brackenridge, Malia Arrington, Cheri Blauwet, Andrea Carska-Sheppard, Kari Fasting, Sandra Kirby et al. "International Olympic Committee consensus statement: harassment and abuse (non-accidental violence) in sport". British Journal of Sports Medicine 50, n. 17 (26 aprile 2016): 1019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096121.
Abstract (sommario):
Despite the well-recognised benefits of sport, there are also negative influences on athlete health, well-being and integrity caused by non-accidental violence through harassment and abuse. All athletes have a right to engage in ‘safe sport’, defined as an athletic environment that is respectful, equitable and free from all forms of non-accidental violence to athletes. Yet, these issues represent a blind spot for many sport organisations through fear of reputational damage, ignorance, silence or collusion. This consensus statement extends the 2007 IOC Consensus Statement on Sexual Harassment and Abuse in Sport, presenting additional evidence of several other types of harassment and abuse—psychological, physical and neglect. All ages and types of athletes are susceptible to these problems but science confirms that elite, disabled, child and lesbian/gay/bisexual/trans-sexual (LGBT) athletes are at highest risk, that psychological abuse is at the core of all other forms and that athletes can also be perpetrators. Harassment and abuse arise from prejudices expressed through power differences. Perpetrators use a range of interpersonal mechanisms including contact, non-contact/verbal, cyber-based, negligence, bullying and hazing. Attention is paid to the particular risks facing child athletes, athletes with a disability and LGBT athletes. Impacts on the individual athlete and the organisation are discussed. Sport stakeholders are encouraged to consider the wider social parameters of these issues, including cultures of secrecy and deference that too often facilitate abuse, rather than focusing simply on psychopathological causes. The promotion of safe sport is an urgent task and part of the broader international imperative for good governance in sport. A systematic multiagency approach to prevention is most effective, involving athletes, entourage members, sport managers, medical and therapeutic practitioners, educators and criminal justice agencies. Structural and cultural remedies, as well as practical recommendations, are suggested for sport organisations, athletes, sports medicine and allied disciplines, sport scientists and researchers. The successful prevention and eradication of abuse and harassment against athletes rests on the effectiveness of leadership by the major international and national sport organisations.
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Chen, Kailin, Yingxin Li e Haoxiang Zhan. "Advanced separators for lithium-ion batteries". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1011, n. 1 (1 aprile 2022): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1011/1/012009.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The separator technology is a major area of interest in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for high-energy and high-power applications such as portable electronics, electric vehicles and energy storage for power grids. Separators play an essential part that physically prevents direct contact between positive and negative electrodes while acting as an electrolyte reservoir to transport lithium ions. The characteristics of different separators would directly affect the performance under cell abuse; hence separators are crucial for battery safety. This paper introduces the characteristics of separators, means to improve traditional commercial polymeric separators and novel materials for separators. Other novel high-performance separators are also briefly discussed in this paper. Insights from this paper illustrate that various strategies could enhance the performance of separators, and better performance and safety can be achieved in separators in high-energy lithium-ion batteries.
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Stewart, Edmund. "Tyranny in Tragedy". Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought 40, n. 2 (25 aprile 2023): 234–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340407.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The meaning of the word tyrannos in Greek tragedy is much debated. Some have assumed that the word is always a neutral term signifying ‘ruler’ alone. Others argue for competing ideologies regarding tyranny: the result of an evolution in thinking on autocracy. This article challenges both of these assumptions. The negative meaning of tyrannos is always latent in tragedy, even where the word is used objectively and not as a term of abuse. Tyrannos does not simply indicate a powerful individual but implies absolute power, fortune and wealth. This absolute power leads to ruin and tyrannical vice. Tyrannos signifies not a bad or illegitimate ruler, but rather one with the potential to develop such characteristics. It is the tyrant who evolves, whereas Greek conceptions of tyranny remain largely unchanged from at least the time of Aeschylus to that of Aristotle.
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Vianica, Ingrit, e Trisnowati Tanto. "Representation of the Self and Other in Joe Biden's Democratic National Convention Speech". Insaniyat : Journal of Islam and Humanities 6, n. 1 (30 novembre 2021): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/insaniyat.v6i1.20575.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper discusses the analysis of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation in Joe Biden’s speech in Democratic National Convention on 20 August 2020. This research utilizes van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), in which the main analysis is related to social power abuse and inequality in the social and political context. The main purpose of this research is to find out how language contributes to build both positive and negative representation in the speech. However, the research will only focus on the micro-level approach which consists of macrostructure, microstructure, and superstructure analyses. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method since it involves data interpretation in describing the representation. The result of the analysis shows that Biden as the Self has a positive representation; on the other hand, Trump as the Other has a negative representation. Both negative and positive representation are formed through various tools. Through this analysis, it is hoped that people can be more critical in absorbing the information given by political figures.
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Rigby, Ken. "How do victims of bullying in Australian schools view their perpetrators – As individuals or as groups? Implications for educators". Australian Journal of Education 64, n. 1 (27 febbraio 2020): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004944119894099.
Abstract (sommario):
Bullying in schools, defined as a systematic abuse of power in interpersonal relations, may be undertaken individually and/or by groups. The extent to which schoolchildren report that they are bullied by their peers in each of these ways was examined in a survey of Australian schoolchildren (N = 1688) in Years 5–10 attending 36 coeducational primary or secondary schools. Being bullied by an individual student was reported by both males and females as occurring significantly more often than being bullied by groups. Applying multiple regression analysis, the reported frequency of individual and group bullying, after controlling for age and gender, independently predicted the severity of negative outcomes as assessed by measures of negative emotional impact, such as feeling unsafe from bullying, absenteeism due to bullying and reported negative impact on school work. Although group bullying was less commonly reported, its negative effects on student well-being were generally more severe. Implications are examined for student education about bullying and addressing individual and group-based bullying in appropriate ways.
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Stoletova, Anna. "Managerial stereotypes in the sphere of public consciousness and behavior of the 1950s – 1980s (based on the example of the interpretation of the materials from the RGANI Foundation)". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, n. 12-2 (1 dicembre 2023): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202312statyi35.
Abstract (sommario):
The article, based on the party documents and letters collected in the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, reveals the problem of building public perception of the figure of a representative of power structures. It is found that in the period 1950s-1980s in the letters of citizens sent to the Central Committee of the CPSU, a mainly negative attitude was recorded, stating the facts indicating the growing distrust of the authorities. The article demonstrates the situations of the formation of the standards of behavior in a leadership environment associated with various types of abuse of official position, possessiveness, and attraction to material accumulation.
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Limeri, Lisa B., Muhammad Zaka Asif, Benjamin H. T. Bridges, David Esparza, Trevor T. Tuma, Daquan Sanders, Alexander J. Morrison et al. "“Where’s My Mentor?!” Characterizing Negative Mentoring Experiences in Undergraduate Life Science Research". CBE—Life Sciences Education 18, n. 4 (dicembre 2019): ar61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.19-02-0036.
Abstract (sommario):
Undergraduate research experiences in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields are championed for promoting students’ personal and professional development. Mentorship is an integral part of undergraduate research, as effective mentorship maximizes the benefits undergraduates realize from participating in research. Yet almost no research examines instances in which mentoring is less effective or even problematic, even though prior research on mentoring in workplace settings suggests negative mentoring experiences are common. Here, we report the results of a qualitative study to define and characterize negative mentoring experiences of undergraduate life science researchers. Undergraduate researchers in our study reported seven major ways they experienced negative mentoring: absenteeism, abuse of power, interpersonal mismatch, lack of career support, lack of psychosocial support, misaligned expectations, and unequal treatment. They described some of these experiences as the result of absence of positive mentoring behavior and others as actively harmful behavior, both of which they perceive as detrimental to their psychosocial and career development. Our results are useful to mentors for reflecting on ways their behaviors might be perceived as harmful or unhelpful. These findings can also serve as a foundation for future research aimed at examining the prevalence and impact of negative mentoring experiences in undergraduate research.
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Desta, Yemane. "Manifestations and Causes of Civil Service Corruption in the of Developing Countries". Journal of Public Administration and Governance 9, n. 3 (29 luglio 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v9i3.14930.
Abstract (sommario):
This article examines the manifestations and causes of corrupt practices in the civil service of developing countries based on review of theoretical and empirical literature regarding corruption and development. Among the corrupt practices identified are: bribery, embezzlement, fraud, extortion, abuse of power, conflict of interest, insider trading/abuse of privileged information, favoritism, collusion with business interests, procurement contract/bid rigging and influence peddling This article also has identified the main underlying causes of corruption in the civil service of developing countries to be politicization of the civil service, poor pay, lack of accountability/transparency in public organizations, weak enforcements mechanisms, lack of merit-based career advancement, and excessive/ opaque regulations. The findings reported this article reveal that ethical violations in the civil service and overall corruption levels in politics, economy, and society are very high, with the negative outcome of hampering economic growth, sabotaging social justice and contributing to political instability in the context of developing countries. Keywords: accountability, civil service, corruption, corruption perception index, developing countries, development, ethics, transparency
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Choi, Yo Sop, e Kazuhiko Fuchikawa. "Comparative Analysis of Competition Laws on Buyer Power in Korea and Japan". World Competition 33, Issue 3 (1 settembre 2010): 499–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2010040.
Abstract (sommario):
Competition authorities frequently focus more on the effects of the power of sellers than the power of buyers. Competition laws and policies that address the issue of buyer power are also diverse across different jurisdictions. This raises difficult problems for assessing the practice of buyer power. The competition authorities in the Republic of Korea (henceforth, Korea) and Japan have scrutinized a number of cases of buyer power involving large retail businesses. This article examines the current application of the laws relating to buyer power in Korea and Japan, by a comparative study, in order to contribute to improved implementation of competition law. This article analyses the existing competition laws on buyer power and their implementation in Korea and Japan to discern the common issues arising from their similar regulatory structure. These include: (1) the problem of overlap between the provisions on abuse of market dominance or monopolization and the provisions on unfair business practices (UBPs); (2) the problem of the presumption of superior bargaining position of large retail businesses; and (3) the issue of balancing tests of the positive and negative effects of buyer power. We argue that the distinctive approaches to buyer power under the competition laws of Korea and Japan reflect incentives different from those of other competition regimes with regard to the different legislative structure. This article finally gives further suggestions focusing on practical matters.
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Matveeva, E. S. "Reasons and Conditions for the Abuse of the Right in the Legal Process of Russia in the Light of the Costs of Implementing an Adversarial Principle". Actual Problems of Russian Law 17, n. 2 (23 gennaio 2022): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2022.135.2.020-031.
Abstract (sommario):
Effective counteraction to the abuse of the right in the legal process is impossible without understanding the causes and conditions of the forms of abuse of the right encountered in practice, which are the ways of its external expression. Consideration of the doctrine and judicial practice of civil, arbitration, administrative, criminal procedure through the prism of the adversarial principle, characteristic of all the types of legal process presented, contributed to the identification of general patterns that cause the abuse of procedural right. In the course of the study, the author examined the forms of abuse of the right (discretionary powers) associated with the implementation of evidentiary activities of the parties to the proceedings, excessive appeals against the actions of the parties, numerous filings of applications, motions, and challenges. The author concludes that the cause of this negative phenomenon is the desire of a person to satisfy his interests, aspirations, emotions in an illegal way. Conditions for the abuse of procedural law arising from the costs of the adversarial principle include a vulgar interpretation of the adversarial principle, a conflict of interests of the parties to the process, subjectivism of a law enforcement officer, his condoning attitude to the presence of abuse of the right. An opponent’s unintentional provocation can cause the abuse of the right in some situations.
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Ablamskyi, S. Ye, e M. O. Kolesnyk. "Essence and elements of crimes in the sphere of official activity". Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 101, n. 2 (Part 2) (10 luglio 2023): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2023.2.47.
Abstract (sommario):
It has been argued that an official activity is the service activity of an official determined by the norms of current legislation, which is determined by his/her official position (legal status), and is also aimed at implementing certain tasks and functions assigned to the public authority, institution, organisation, etc. in which he/she works and holds the relevant position. It has been noted that an official has a special legal status, which determines the high risk of committing criminal violations, in particular, crimes.
It has been proved that crimes in the sphere of official activity are criminal acts defined in the norms of current (labour, civil, administrative, criminal, etc.) legislation which are committed by officials within the framework of exercising their official powers. Such crimes may include a variety of actions, such as forgery, abuse of power, bribery, extortion, negligence, etc. It has been noted that crimes in the sphere of official activity seriously undermine public trust in the state authorities and can have serious consequences for each individual citizen, as well as the state and society as a whole.
It has been stated that the key elements of crimes in the sphere of official activity are as follows: they are committed within the framework of exercising official powers by persons holding positions at the relevant enterprises, institutions, organisations; crimes related to official activities may involve not only the commission of any actions, but also inaction, which also takes into account the failure and/or improper performance by an official of his/her duties, which entails significant negative consequences for other individuals and/or legal entities, as well as the state and society as a whole; crimes may include a number of different actions, such as bribery, extortion, forgery, abuse of power, etc.; the crime may be committed only by an official who has official authority; crimes in the field of official activity may be committed for different purposes, including obtaining benefits, avoiding responsibility, etc.; special object, actor and subject of the crime.
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Chebotareva, Irina N. "Non-use of subjective rights in Russian criminal proceedings: Causes and consequences". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Law 14, n. 3 (2023): 629–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu14.2023.305.
Abstract (sommario):
The modern paradigm of criminal proceedings, which is based on the idea of the primacy of the protection of the individual, necessitates not only endowing the participants in the criminal process with a set of rights that allow them to defend their interests, but also ensuring the proper level of guarantees for the possibility of their implementation. The article examines the social and legal significance of the use of rights by participants in criminal proceedings, highlights and analyzes the possible causes and consequences of non-use. The author comes to the conclusion that the state and society are interested in the active use of their rights by authorized subjects. In criminal proceedings, the need for such an implementation is determined by the expansion of discretion and adversarial principle. As a result of the study, it was found that the non-use of subjective right in criminal proceedings can be both due to the will of the person (there is a waiver of subjective right), and not depend on it and be the result of lawful or unlawful behavior of representatives of public authorities conducting criminal proceedings. The reason for non-realization of a subjective right in a criminal process may also be the improper performance by officials of their duties to ensure that participants can exercise their rights, abuse of power or abuse of power. The article concludes that these reasons cause different social and legal consequences of non-use of subjective rights: both positive and negative.
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Nurse, Angus. "Masculinities and Animal Harm". Men and Masculinities 23, n. 5 (17 novembre 2020): 908–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x20965458.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper explores the role of masculinities in animal harm and conceptions on the Masculinities Offender, primarily motivated by power and masculine behaviors. Within “masculinities crimes,” the exercise of power allied to sport or entertainment is significantly linked to organized crime and gambling. Masculinities crimes also include elements of cruelty or animal abuse and perceptions by offenders of their actions having cultural significance, and where toughness, masculinity, and smartness combine with a love of excitement. Examples include badger digging, badger baiting, cock-fighting, and other crimes involving the “sporting” killing or taking of wildlife. This article explores masculinities offender rationalizations and associated masculinity-based negative attitudes towards animals and animal harm. The public policy response to masculinities crimes reflects acceptance of the violent nature of offenders. Yet arguably enforcement and punishment through use of surveillance activities and undercover operations, and reliance on prison as the primary deterrent/sanction risks being counter-productive and reinforcing the very masculinities that underlie offending behavior.
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Gagarina, Irina, e Irina Knyazeva. "German state competition policy: Responses to the challenges of digitalization of the economy, lessons for Russia". St Petersburg University Journal of Economic Studies 38, n. 4 (2022): 551–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu05.2022.404.
Abstract (sommario):
The article examines the experience of the German competition authority and the limits of the intervention of the German state and the competition policy developed by it in the digital economy. Particular attention is paid to the methodological approaches of the German regulator to assessing the dominant position of companies in digital markets, problems arising in their practical application, assessing the impact of the digital agenda on markets and competition. Current cases reflecting the multidimensional assessment of market power in digital markets are presented. The opinion of the German antimonopoly regulator is systematized, including the development of a set of measures aimed at reducing negative effects in the form of abuse of market power and the ability to have a negative impact on the market from online platforms. The basic rules of the regulatory doctrine adopted in 2021–2022 by the Economic Commission for Europe within the framework of the Digital Markets Act (DMA) are briefly presented. Particular attention is paid to the description of the concept of “intermediary power” as a special tool for assessing the market power of online platforms and the implementation of antimonopoly control and regulation of their behavior based on the regulatory concept of “gatekeeper”. The results of the research, based on new original ideas and meaningful content, can be integrated into the discourse of modern science as a vector conceptual approaches to the study of digital markets, as well as applied in the direct practice of antimonopoly regulation in the Russian Federation.
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González-Rodríguez, Alexandre, Mentxu Natividad, Mary V. Seeman, Jennipher Paola Paolini, Ariadna Balagué, Eloïsa Román, Eduard Izquierdo et al. "Schizophrenia: A Review of Social Risk Factors That Affect Women". Behavioral Sciences 13, n. 7 (12 luglio 2023): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13070581.
Abstract (sommario):
Social risk factors are long-term or repeated environmental exposures in childhood and youth that change the brain and may, via epigenetic effects, change gene expression. They thus have the power to initiate or aggravate mental disorders. Because these effects can be mediated via hormonal or immune/inflammatory pathways that differ between men and women, their influence is often sex-specific. The goal of this narrative review is to explore the literature on social risk factors as they affect women with schizophrenia. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases from 2000 to May 2023 using terms referring to the various social determinants of health in conjunction with “women” and with “schizophrenia”. A total of 57 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the domains of childhood and adult abuse or trauma, victimization, stigma, housing, and socioeconomics, women with schizophrenia showed greater probability than their male peers of suffering negative consequences. Interventions targeting appropriate housing, income support, social and parenting support, protection from abuse, violence, and mothering-directed stigma have, to different degrees, yielded success in reducing stress levels and alleviating the many burdens of schizophrenia in women.
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Manurung, Weldon, e Junifer Dame Panjaitan. "Implementation Of Legal Protection Of Children And Women As Victims Of Sexual Crimes". International Journal of Social Research 1, n. 2 (25 dicembre 2023): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.59888/insight.v1i2.10.
Abstract (sommario):
This research explores the multifaceted nature of sexuality, emphasizing its significance in human survival and development within the context of Indonesian society. The study delves into the negative aspects associated with sexuality, particularly sexual abuse, which manifests in various forms such as harassment, exploitation, and violence. Alarming levels of sexual abuse among adolescents are highlighted, with contributing factors ranging from the circulation of pornographic content to a lack of understanding of religious values and inadequate sex education. The patriarchal domination theory is introduced to underscore the unequal power dynamics that contribute to crimes against women and children. The empirical juridical method is employed to examine the legal protection afforded to children and women in the face of sexual crimes, encompassing both preventive and repressive measures. The Child Protection Law and related regulations serve as the legal framework for this protection. The research identifies factors influencing sexual crimes, including internal factors such as psychological and mental states, external factors like economic conditions and societal influences, and the role of victims. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of legal education and appropriate sanctions to address and prevent sexual crimes in the future.
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Oleh, Boginich. "The metaphysical meaning of right force". Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, n. 31 (2020): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/0869-2491-2020-31-71-79.
Abstract (sommario):
Introduction. Right force is known as the antipode of force law. Meanwhile, the practice of relations between states and within states - between the state and its citizens, and between citizens themselves, is often replete with examples of the use of law rather than force of law (rules of law). Such vitality of the right of force gives grounds to speak of the existence of metaphysical grounds for its revival in social relations. The aim of the article. This article is dedicated to finding these reasons. Results. Philosophical science differentiates metaphysics into general and particular. The first examines all things (objectively existing), the second examines the reasons for existing. It is from the point of view of causality that the power of right phenomenon is to be considered. A retrospective analysis of the first written legal sources testifies to the fixation of the right of power in these sources by the representatives of the most powerful social groups. From this it follows that inequality arises as a result of the presence of advantages in the most able members of such groups. And we call these advantages a force that has the potential to be used by the bearers of that power. Thus, the power is understood to have any advantages in individuals who enter into communication with each other, and in the case of legal relations between them (involves the emergence of mutual rights and obligations) - the force acquires its metaphysical status - the right of force in the form the corresponding authority of the stronger side is relatively weaker. The question is: in the majority of cases, whether the exercise of the right of power by a more powerful party has been decided in favor of such a party. Slave right, serfdom - a vivid confirmation of that. Only with the first bourgeois revolutions and the introduction of the law of formal equality, the right to inequality as the official fixation of the right of power disappeared from the historical arena. But the right of force ceased to exist with the introduction of the right of formal equality. It lost its institutional forms in the form of fixation of the status of slaves, other groups of "dependent" in the first legal acts of antiquity, guilds and other restrictions of the medieval era, etc. Instead, it has taken other forms - economic, political, organizational, and so on. In other words, the power of law has become a veiled form today, where representatives of these circles exercise their power indirectly, hiding behind the “fig” piece of popular slogans of democracy, equality, and solidarity among the general public. The foregoing may suggest that the right to power is a negative factor in the development of human civilization, which every means must counteract. In the case of the open exercise of the right of force in the form of aggression, crime or other forms of abuse of the right of force, it really must be recognized as a deconstructive force that damages the normal development of the social organism. In the absence of a sign of abuse of the right force, the latter should be considered as a means of "pulling" to its level of the weaker party, which is in relations with representatives of such force. There is nothing accidental in nature, including social, and therefore the right of force should be regarded as an integral attribute of its development. We must combat the abuse of the right of power, not its overcoming, which we regard as having any advantages in various spheres of human activity. Conclusions. Based on the above, the following areas of study are promising: political and legal mechanisms for counteracting institutional manifestations of abuse of the right of force, axiological problems of self-limitation of the right of force.
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Han, Su-Jin, e Yuping Sun. "The Effect of Abuse Supervision on the Subordinate’s Organization-Oriented Counterproductive Work Behavior : The Moderating Effect of Power Distance Orientation and Negative Reciprocity". Korean Journal of Human Resource Development 27, n. 1 (31 marzo 2024): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24991/kjhrd.2024.03.27.1.73.
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Brown, Joel H., Marianne D’Emidio-Caston e John A. Pollard. "Students and Substances: Social Power in Drug Education". Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 19, n. 1 (marzo 1997): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737019001065.
Abstract (sommario):
A statewide evaluation of a school-based substance use and drug education program called California Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Education (DATE) was conducted from 1991 to 1994 for the State Department of Education. Researchers used multiple methods to evaluate DATE programs such as Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) and Red Ribbon Weeks. Analysis of 143 field interviews with educators and administrators, and 40 student focus groups (grades 5–12) revealed that educators attempted to prevent student substance use by providing a “no-substance-use” message through high fear appeal; offering rewards; and attempting to improve students’ self-esteem by teaching refusal skills. Student interviews indicate program dissatisfaction and service-related cognitive dissonance. Random survey results (5,045 students in grades 7–12) showed that over 40% of California’s students were “not at all” influenced by educators or drug education programs, 15% were influenced “a lot” or “completely,” and nearly 70% described a neutral to negative affect toward educators. Regression analyses showed that survey responses did not depend on self-reported substance use, nor the number of drug programs received (among other factors). This large-scale, multi-modal evidence suggests that drug, alcohol, and tobacco education programs had no positive influence on a majority of students’ substance-use decisions, and had other effects counter to those intended. This was especially true during the period when youth are faced with substance-use decisions, grades 7–12. Given the similarity of many U.S. drug education programs, student rejection of DATE programs is significant. Results and the need for a conceptual shift in how students are viewed and educated about substances are discussed.