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Chernyshova, Svitlana. "The US migratory novel: toward the ideology of genre". Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Philology", n. 92 (15 agosto 2023): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2227-1864-2023-92-07.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article focuses on the US migratory novel and the reasons it has been overlooked in literary scholarship. It is emphasized that the study of migration experience is important as it represents the worldview of historical subjects who, although they contributed a lot to the building of the New World, always existed on the margins of both real life and fiction. Literary scholars concentrated on the fictional images of colonizers, builders of a new world order, pioneers, farmers, cowboys, but not immigrants as such, although all these identities of American history were rooted in the migration experience, whether of their own or of their parents or grandparents. The aim of this article is to draw attention to the genre of the American migratory novel, which is underrepresented in literary criticism, and to identify the connection between migration literary discourse and the ideological regimes of specific historical periods. Nevertheless, migratory fiction serves as a powerful tool for negotiating narrow group representations within the larger receiving community. By depicting the experiences, challenges, and aspirations of migrants, it offers a platform to explore the complexities of cultural identity, displacement, and assimilation. Migratory fiction challenges the dominant narratives and stereotypes imposed upon migrant communities, seeking to humanize their stories and promote empathy and understanding among the receiving community. These narratives navigate the fine balance between preserving the unique cultural heritage of migrants and engaging with the broader context of their new surroundings. They challenge existing notions of national identity, fostering a more inclusive and diverse understanding of what it means to be American. A perspective for further research is the analysis of migration experience in literary writings and its correlation with developments in other fields of humanities. As migratory fiction expands our horizons, encouraging us to embrace and celebrate the multifaceted nature of diversity in all its forms.
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Nye, David E. "Technology, Nature, and American Origin Stories". Environmental History 8, n. 1 (gennaio 2003): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3985970.
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Draus-Kłobucka, Agata. "Las polacas w Buenos Aires: prostytutki w historii i kulturze". Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia Historicolitteraria 21 (23 dicembre 2021): 272–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20811853.21.15.
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The article discusses the literary and cultural uses of so-called white slavery – the prostitution and pimping in the Americas (especially in South America) of women from Eastern Europe at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. This motif, tragically linking the history of Poland and Argentina, is associated with historiographic, literary, and sociological research. The article analyses various attitudes of historians towards the issue and the scope of ideological issues (in particular, the issue of anti-Semitism) and criticises the impact of the specificity of media coverage on the sensational nature of reports on the white slave trade. The main aim of the work is to present to the Polish reader both the historical context and the literary and cultural realisations of the subject in a multi-faceted manner, especially since only a few works have been translated into Polish. The second goal is to identify repetitions in prose, dramas, and audio-visual texts depicting the stories of Eastern European prostitutes in South America.
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Huguet, Montserrat. "The US American Self-criticism. Stories of Anger and Bewilderment". REDEN. Revista Española de Estudios Norteamericanos 1, n. 1 (30 novembre 2019): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/reden.2019.1.1373.
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Criticism to the system is a core place in the US American culture.The self-criticism gets its roots in the permanent restlessness of the American People, in their fears, in their dissatisfaction, and even in their insane self-destructive behabiour. Many episodes in the American history have worked out from attitudes of paranoia, disgust or anger towards communities or the public administration. The natural rhythm of society in the United States is far from acceptance and calm. On the contrary, the US history is defined by restlessnees and doubious sentiments. Thus, one might think that the American dream is fundamentally a state of permanent crisis in which people, unable to deal with their present vital conditions, transmute these conditions into havoc and creation. In the pages of this article, a breaf tour into the historical and cultural trend of discouragement is offered. It also pays attention to the American ability to self-analyze its own historical experiences. The fictionated stories, that come from the imagination but also from people’s voices and memories, convey a sense of dissatisfaction and of struggle to improve the American way of behaving. Those citizens, especially uncomfortable with themselves or with the administration, may not be aware that they are precisely those who constitute the best US image abroad. In the ostentation of a self- criticism, of a subversive thought, these Americans, opposed to the official positions,feature the virtue of the relentless self-purge.Therefore,looking at past and present times, this paper is composed by six related arguments that rely on both historical events and fictionated stories, with the titles of: “Under the paranoid style”; “The angry nation”, “Hate: Public Limited Company”, “Images of anger”, “Guilty, ashamed and redeemed”, and “The legacy of disenchantment”.
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Reid, Margaret. "Narrative Silence in America's Stories". Keeping Ourselves Alive 3, n. 2-3 (1 gennaio 1993): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jnlh.3.2-3.11nar.
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Abstract In the historical event of the American Revolution, as well as in certain central texts of the American literary imagination, a tension between the power of a community to define itself through language and the resistance of experiential history to such enclosure is represented through a particular form of narrative silence. This narrative form may first suggest repression and the failures of memory. But the American imagination has used narrative silence as a way of representing events that lie outside of the known and planned, in order to preserve the residual life of experience and so to bear witness to the imagina-tion's dependence on the whole of history. In this essay, I argue that this narrative form reveals a central paradox of the American cultural imagination: This imagination successfully encodes its story of community exactly insofar as it creates a place—in language and in thought—for the safely silent acknowl-edgement of the power of experiential knowledge and untold secrets. (Culture studies; literary criticism)
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Dauber, Jeremy. "Comic Books, Tragic Stories: Will Eisner’s American Jewish History". AJS Review 30, n. 2 (27 ottobre 2006): 277–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009406000134.
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In recent years, we have witnessed a significant increase in writing by scholars and literary and cultural critics on the genre of the comic book, corresponding to an increased legitimacy given to the comic book industry and its writers and artists more generally. Part of this phenomenon no doubt stems from the attention lavished on the field by mainstream fiction and nonfiction writers who consider comic books a central part of their own and America’s cultural heritage, such as Michael Chabon and Jonathan Lethem. It may also stem from the changing nature of the industry’s finances, which now employ a “star system” revolving around writers and artists, not merely the major companies’ storied characters; though the days of the big houses that control the major characters are by no means gone, in the last two decades, numerous specialty imprints have been developed to publish characters that are owned outright by writers and artists, to say nothing of profit-sharing deals with major stars, even at some of the major companies.
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Pérez-Torres, Rafael. "Gatekeeping Stories of Dissent and Mobility". American Literary History 31, n. 2 (2019): 312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajz012.
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AbstractThree new studies consider the significance of storytelling in a Latinx and hemispheric American context around the turn of the millennium. Where neoliberal policies seem to position ethnoracial subjectivities in realms of social abjection or racial containment, these studies contribute to interdisciplinary conversations about racial affiliation, economic aspiration, and political dissent in literature. Each considers writers either engaging complex negotiations between racial and class affiliations, challenging social expectations for cultural products in an ethnic marketplace, or speaking against repressive governmental regimes. Each weighs a hope for transformative social change against the efficient, impersonal, even brutal management of modern ethnoracial otherness. Elda Román analyzes stories about upward mobility for racially or ethnically identified characters who strive to maintain a critical sense of racial affiliation while seeking greater social and class mobility. Since forms like magical realism often mark the ethnic identification of an author, Christopher González considers how unexpected or challenging narrations break down restrictive perceptions of what Latinx literature can be. Theresa Longo, deliberating over a radical Latin American literature of dissent distributed to US audiences by small publishing houses, sketches an intellectual history of radical thought in the Americas that has informed a dominant strain of US Latinx criticism.
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Lykins, Maxwell J. "Servile Stories and Contested Histories: Empire, Memory, and Criticism in Livy’s Ab Urbe Condita". Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought 40, n. 2 (25 aprile 2023): 282–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340409.
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Abstract Scholars often turn to Livy’s famous digression on Aulus Cossus and the spolia opima (4.17–20) to shed light on his larger political inclinations. These readings generally regard Livy as either an Augustan (or at least a patriotic Roman) or an apolitical skeptic. Yet neither view, I argue, fully explains the Cossus affair. What is needed is an interpretation that recognizes the political nature of the Cossus digression and its skepticism toward Augustus. Attending to Livy’s rhetorical strategy in the digression allows us to see it as an instance of oblique criticism of Augustus and his control over Roman life. The explanatory power of this reading extends to episodes from the life of Romulus as well. I argue Livy uses these stories to make a theoretical argument about the nature of despotism, namely, that it seeks to control narratives of the past just as much as it aims for political domination.
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de Groot, Renee. "What If the Pen Was Mightier Than the Sword? Civil War Alternate History as Social Criticism". aspeers: emerging voices in american studies 10 (2017): 55–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.54465/aspeers.10-06.
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Alternate histories about the American Civil War seem ideally set up to explore the possibilities and tensions of social criticism through art and literature. Counterfactual stories about the war easily invoke contemporary issues of inequality and exploitation, and they are part of a genre—alternate history—that has traditionally lent itself to social commentary. Yet while scholarship on alternate history has captured the presentist orientation of many alternate histories in the fantasy-nightmare dichotomy, these categories appear reductive as a reflection of the layered and intriguing forms social criticism takes in Civil War alternate history. This article examines two examples of this genre that position themselves as political statements. Frank Purdy Williams’s largely forgotten novel Hallie Marshall: A True Daughter of the South (1900) subverts major literary traditions of its time to mount a counterintuitive critique of capitalist exploitation. Kevin Willmott’s mockumentary C.S.A.: The Confederate States of America (2004) is both a scathing critique of American racism and a multilayered satire on the distortion of history in popular culture. Both works use the conventions of alternate history as conduits for critique and provocation, which makes the revelation of their ideological investments ingenious but perhaps dangerously circuitous.
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Frymus, Agata. "Researching Black women and film history". Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, n. 20 (27 gennaio 2021): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/alpha.20.18.
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My project (Horizon 2020, 2018–20) traces Black female moviegoing in Harlem during the silent film era. The main challenge in uncovering the women’s stories is that historical paradigm has always prioritised the voices of the white, middle-class elite. In the field of Black film history, criticism expressed by male journalists—such as Lester A. Walton of New York Age—has understandably received the most attention (Everett; Field, Uplift). Black, working-class women are notoriously missing from the archive. How do we navigate historical records, with their own limits and absences? This paper argues for a broader engagement with historic artefacts—memoirs, correspondence and recollections—as necessary to re-centre film historiography towards the marginalised. It points to the ways in which we can learn from the scholars and methods of African American history to “fill in the gaps” in the study of historical spectatorship.
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Rabkin, Eric S., James B. Mitchell e Carl P. Simon. "Who Really Shaped American Science Fiction?" Prospects 30 (ottobre 2005): 45–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001976.
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Treating science fiction, critics have taught us to understand that the field shrugged itself out of the swamp of its pulp origins in two great evolutionary metamorphoses, each associated with a uniquely visionary magazine editor: Hugo Gernsback and John W. Campbell Jr. Paul Carter, to cite one critic among many, makes a case that Hugo Gernsback's magazines were the first to suggest thatscience fiction was not only legitimate extrapolation… [but] might even become a positive incentive to discovery, inspiring some engineer or inventor to develop in the laboratory an idea he had first read about in one of the stories. (5)Another, critic and author Isaac Asimov, argues that science fiction's fabledGolden Age began in 1938, when John Campbell became editor of Astounding Stories and remolded it, and the whole field, into something closer to his heart's desire. During the Golden Age, he and the magazine he edited so dominated science fiction that to read Astounding was to know the field entire. (Before the Golden Age, xii)Critics arrive at such understandings not only by surveying the field but also — perhaps more importantly — by studying, accepting, modifying, or even occasionally rejecting the work of other critics. This indirect and many-voiced conversation is usually seen as a self-correcting process, an informal yet public peer review. Such interested scrutiny has driven science fiction (SF) criticism to evolve from the letters to the editor and editorials and mimeographed essays of the past to the nuanced literary history of today, just as, this literary history states, those firm-minded editors helped SF literature evolve from the primordial fictions of Edgar Rice Burroughs into the sophisticated constructs of William S. Burroughs.
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Stachura, Paweł. "Anticipation and Divination of Technological Culture: Dialectic Images of the Internet in Emerson’s Nature". Polish Journal for American Studies, n. 10 (2016) (29 agosto 2023): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/pjas.10/2016.09.
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The article presents certain aspects of the Internet (interface design, user behavior, advertising, codes of conduct) as new incarnations of the American pastoralism, defined in terms derived from literary criticism and history of American literature. The rationale of this procedure is provided in terms of “dialectic images,” which are old pieces of imagery that seem to anticipate subsequent technological and social developments. Of particular importance is the set of dialectical images derived from Ralph Waldo Emerson’s writings, and the pastoral descriptions of nature derived from various American poets and fiction writers. Arguably, dialectic images of the Internet offer an opportunity for a better understanding of contemporary development of the Internet, and its possible future.
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Jenkins, E. R. "English South African children’s literature and the environment". Literator 25, n. 3 (31 luglio 2004): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v25i3.266.
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Historical studies of nature conservation and literary criticism of fiction concerned with the natural environment provide some pointers for the study of South African children’s literature in English. This kind of literature, in turn, has a contribution to make to studies of South African social history and literature. There are English-language stories, poems and picture books for children which reflect human interaction with nature in South Africa since early in the nineteenth century: from hunting, through domestication of the wilds, the development of scientific agriculture, and the changing roles of nature reserves, to modern ecological concern for the entire environment. Until late in the twentieth century the literature usually endorsed the assumption held by whites that they had exclusive ownership of the land and wildlife. In recent years English-language children’s writers and translators of indigenous folktales for children have begun to explore traditional beliefs about and practices in conservation.
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Quantin, Jean-Louis. "Historical Criticism, Confessional Controversy, and Self-Censorship: Henry Savile and the Lives of John Chrysostom". Erudition and the Republic of Letters 6, n. 1-2 (17 marzo 2021): 138–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24055069-06010004.
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Abstract Henry Savile wrote a critical dissertation on Chrysostom’s biographers for inclusion in the eighth volume of his edition of Chrysostom’s works in Greek. He was indeed very interested in the Lives of his author, primarily in the Dialogus of Palladius of Helenopolis, then only known in Latin translation, whose Greek original he took considerable pains to unearth, to no avail, in libraries throughout Europe. His amanuenses instead brought him an array of Byzantine hagiographical texts, of which he was dismissive, publishing them only in part. Savile’s dissertation propounds his criteria of historical criticism (opposing ‘ancient’, authoritative writers, such as Palladius, and ‘modern’ ones, who invented miraculous stories) and attempts to reconstruct an exact chronology of Chrysostom’s life. It also discusses events immediately following the saint’s death, and argues that the letter of excommunication allegedly sent by Pope Innocent I to Chrysostom’s persecutors, the Emperor Arcadius and the Empress Eudoxia, cannot be genuine. As this episode was much used by champions of papal authority, Savile realized that he would be drawn into contemporary controversies. He preferred therefore to suppress his dissertation altogether: an act of self-censorship which raises fundamental questions about the nature of his undertaking.
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Hauke, Alexandra. "A Woman by Nature? Darren Aronofsky’s mother! as American Ecofeminist Gothic". Humanities 9, n. 2 (26 maggio 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h9020045.
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In this essay, I discuss Darren Aronofsky’s 2017 feature film mother! in the context of an intersectional approach to ecofeminism and the American gothic genre. By exploring the histories of ecofeminism, the significances of the ecogothic, and the Puritan origins of American gothic fiction, I read the movie as a reiteration of both a global ecophobic and an American national narrative, whose biblical symbolism is rooted in the patriarchal logic of Christian theology, American history, female suffering, and environmental crisis. mother! emerges as an example of a distinctly American ecofeminist gothic through its focus on and subversion of the essentialist equation of women and nature as feminized others, by dipping into the archives of feminist literary criticism, and by raising ecocritical awareness of the dangers of climate change across socio-cultural and anthropocentric categories. Situating Aronofsky’s film within traditions of American gothic and ecofeminist literatures from colonial times to the present moment, I show how mother! moves beyond a maternalist fantasy rooted in the past and towards a critique of the androcentric ideologies at the core of the 21st-century Anthropocene.
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Warren, Kenneth W. "Back to Black: African American Literary Criticism in the Present Moment". American Literary History 34, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2022): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajab082.
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Abstract For more than a century, scholars of Black literature have sought to align a critical project focused on identifying and celebrating Black distinctiveness with a social project aimed at redressing racial inequality. This commitment to Black distinctiveness announces itself as a project on behalf of “the race” as a whole, but has always been, and remains, a project and politics guided in the first instance by the needs and outlook of the Black professional classes. Over the first half of the twentieth century, this cultural project achieved some real successes: politically, it helped discredit the moral and intellectual legitimacy of the Jim Crow order that in various ways affected all Black Americans; culturally, it placed Black writers in the vanguard of a modernist project predicated on multicultural pluralism. Since the 1970s the limitations of this project, culturally and politically, have become increasingly evident. Blind to the class dimension of their efforts, literary scholars continue to misrepresent the historical/political nature of the project of Black distinction as a property of cultural texts themselves. Overestimating the efficacy of race-specific social policies, these scholars disparage the universalist social policies that would most effectively benefit a majority of Black Americans.
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Pashko, Oksana. "“The Nature of the Novella” by Hryhoriy Mayfet". Trimarium 2, n. 2 (24 agosto 2023): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.55159/tri.2023.0102.08.
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The article reconstructs Hryhoriy Mayfet’s theory of the novella, which he presented in his two-volume work The Nature of the Novella (1928–1929). The Ukrainian scholar’s theoretical suggestions fit into the general context of German and American literary critics’ search for the key features of the novella genre. The article also reveals the history of the controversy over Mayfet’s book in the Ukrainian literary process of the late 1920s and early 1930s, which took place between Volodymyr Derzhavyn, Felix Yakubovsky, and the critics of New Generation. This discussion, which lasted almost four years, demonstrates how ideological control was increasing in Ukrainian literary criticism in the early 1930s.
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Johnson, Adriana Michéle Campos. "Art and Our Surrounds: Emergent and Residual Languages". ARTMargins 9, n. 1 (febbraio 2020): 58–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_r_00258.
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This essay undertakes a review of recent books by T.J. Demos ( Decolonizing Nature: Contemporary Art and the Politics of Ecology (2016) and Against the Anthropocene: Visual Culture and Environment Today (2017)) and Jens Andermann ( Tierras en trance: Arte y naturaleza después del paisaje (Lands Entranced: Art and Nature after Landscape, 2018)). Demos and Andermann participate in the paradigm shift taking place under the name of eco-criticism, forging connections between the debates around environmental crisis and the fields in which they have written and published previously - art criticism and visual culture and Latin American literary and cultural studies, respectively. Both authors take on the challenge of thinking through the perceptual and conceptual habits that have dominated a relationship to our environment under capitalist modernity (such as the concept of landscape) and how artistic practices might be said to rework those habits. While Demos maps recent efforts to engage ecological concerns and “decolonize nature” across the globe, Andermann looks back to the twentieth century Latin American archive, constructing a local genealogy that harbors an ecological and political thinking that anticipates what is now lived as global crisis; their projects intersect in contemporary Latin American activist art that has gained enough attention to figure as part of a global circuit. The review considers the overlapping points as well as the striking disjuncture in both projects in relation to the different knowledge formations, archives and languages from which each author speaks.
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Gadylshin, Timur Rifovich. "Features of R. Kipling’s Work in the Naturalist Prose of F. Norris". Litera, n. 10 (ottobre 2022): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2022.10.39055.
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The article focuses on estimating the influence of Rudyard Kipling’s figure on the works of his younger contemporary, the American Frank Norris. The author comes to the conclusion that the English writer fundamentally determined his literary follower’s development vector. Kipling who has become extremely popular among American readers raises Norris’s interest toward neo-romantic short story. The early stage of Norris’s work is noted by Kipling’s powerful influence and the article reveals common plot, compositional and stylistic elements in their works. The writers are united by artistic ideals: Kipling and Norris emphasize the exotic and the criminal and treat the concept of masculinity in a similar way in their short stories. The relevance and scientific novelty of the article are determined by the fact that the article studies Norris’s short stories which were previously unexplored in Russian literary criticism. The author makes an attempt to determine the significance of romanticism’s legacy for Norris’s work and to demonstrate its close relationship with naturalism, exploring various works by R. Kipling. The article uses the following methods: elements of the biographical method; estimation of Norris's theoretical ideas according to the principles of cultural studies; comparative analysis of the works of the two authors. The article can be used in teaching the history of foreign (in particular, American) literature in higher educational institutions.
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Bascom, Ben. "Groping Toward Perversion: From Queer Methods to Queer States in Recent Queer Criticism". American Literary History 32, n. 2 (2020): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajaa007.
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Abstract What’s so queer about the nineteenth century? According to three recent studies of American literature—Elizabeth Freeman’s Beside You in Time (2019), Natasha Hurley’s Circulating Queerness (2018), and Benjamin Kahan’s The Book of Minor Perverts (2019)—the answer may be fairly all encompassing. For these critics, queerness is both an orientation and an object of study, enlivening, engendering, and uncovering a plethora of inchoate possibilities for imagining nonnormativity in the long nineteenth century. As such, these studies help resituate the critical capacity for queer studies to engage with historical material while also attending to the ephemeral possibilities that queerness, as a heuristic, frames, from being a methodology, a narrative trope, or a marker of excess that gets overpassed through dominant and emergent ideologies. Bringing together novels, plays, performances, short stories, and life narratives—along with compelling debates in the fields of queer studies—these books are sure to motivate continued work on the intersections of queerness, affect, and the literary while also plotting ways to consider how queerness disrupts and confirms the biopolitics of sex as a category of analysis.
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Ramos, Donald. "Community, Control and Acculturation: A Case Study of Slavery in Eighteenth Century Brazil". Americas 42, n. 4 (aprile 1986): 419–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007059.
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Interest in the nature of Brazilian slavery has increased dramatically during the last ten years. In part this interest has been stimulated by the desire of North American social scientists to examine what was initially viewed to be the striking differences between patterns of race relations and slavery as they developed in the United States and Brazil. Among Brazilians the interest in slavery is older, beginning as an aspect of the larger evolution of cultural nationalism which sought to demonstrate the unique nature of the Brazilian solution to a multiracial society. Among both North American and Brazilian writers the initial tendency was to emphasize the more “humane” nature of slavery in Brazil. This was attributed to a number of factors of which the Portuguese concept of the slave as a human being based on cultural and religious traits was paramount. Increasingly this view has been subjected to intense criticism and recent works have focused on the harshness of Brazilian slavery and have sought to stress the similarities between the two systems.
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Dr O. T. Poongodi. "Cultural Ecological Attitudes in Gita Mehta’s A River Sutra". Creative Launcher 6, n. 4 (30 ottobre 2021): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.4.19.
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One of the sparkling stars in the galaxy of Indian writers, Gita Mehta is the brightest. Her novels are written with Indian perspectives and they are explorations of the tension generated by the east-west encounters. Her novel A River Sutra is a colourful fictional account of India that mirrors Indian history and culture. It connects Indian mythology with various depictions of love in its many aspects. It told through a pen-pusher and his encounter with six pilgrims on the banks of the Narmada. In Western Feminist studies, the woman is always portrayed with a quest for freedom from the urban exploitative society to nature. It is appealing to determine that this concept receives a new dimension in a different cultural context. In this novel, Mehta has shifted her focus from the interactions between India and the west to exploring the diversity of cultures within India. Gita Mehta uses the Narmada as the thread, which holds together the main story and the six sub-stories. The present paper discusses in detail the theory of eco-criticism and it aims at highlighting an understanding of various terms like green studies and nature studies, as well as describes in fair detail, the different subfields of eco-criticism, namely, Cultural ecology, Eco-feminism and Gyno-Ecology.
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Azcona Pastor, José Manuel, e Jorge Chauca García. "Chronicles of the New World: primary sources for the study of the history of the spanish America (1492-1898)". CUADERNOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN HISTÓRICA, n. 39 (16 settembre 2022): 49–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.51743/cih.276.
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The study of the History of Spanish America owes much to the western written culture, also today the legacy of the Amerindian oral tradition is recovered. The primary sources offer a spontaneous panorama in the testimonial, rich, diverse and abundant, not exempt from a necessary criticism and crossing of testimonies. The notorious american chronicles obey a specific time and place, and manifest an explicit interest in the knowledge and possession of the New World, its nature and its people. At the same time that the associated alterity and identity are analyzed, the alien gaze and the connection of cultures turned into biological miscegenation and cultural syncretism are not ignored.
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Allen, Chadwick. "Who’s Silenced? Who’s Not?" American Literary History 34, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2022): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajab097.
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Abstract This essay juxtaposes two stories of Indigenous-settler “first contact” in the twenty-first century. One describes an event of community-based research in coastal Maine in summer 2000; the other describes an event of community-based confrontation at the Serpent Mound earthworks site in Ohio on the winter solstice 2020. The stories overlap and intersect in surprising ways, and they prompt unresolved questions about the function of “American” literary criticism at the present time: What actually happens when Indigenous voices enter the structures of the settler academy? Who benefits, and whose interests are ultimately served? Within current conventions, is it possible to center Indigenous knowledges and research agendas, to address the pressing concerns of Indigenous communities? And what does it mean to pursue scholarship ostensibly focused on aspects of Indigenous cultures within social and political contexts that continue to allow or even to promote the settler erasure of Indigenous claims—not only to distant or recent histories but to ongoing presence? Is it enough for academic institutions to assume a neutral stance on such issues? Or are “Americanist” scholars obligated to pursue more rigorous forms of disrupting settler business as usual?
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Gruzdev, Vladimir Sergeevich. "Genesis, nature, and specificity of application of realistic approach in the history of American legal thought". Юридические исследования, n. 2 (febbraio 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2021.2.35019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The subject of the study is the American legal thought of the period of its establishment and theoretical conceptualization, which was closely related to such characteristic as the realistic approach towards law that stood apart in the sociological and realistic directions. The attempts of interpreting the views of this regional intellectual group of legal experts as the classical version of legal realism are subjected to critical reevaluation. For assessing the specificity and content of the direction of legal thought referred to as “American legal realism”, the author explores the philosophical-methodological grounds of the cognition of law and interpretation of its concepts in the context of the aforementioned trend, separate substantial aspects of the genesis of realistic approach towards legal problematic in the history of American legal thought, as well as specificity of such characteristics of the court function as “judicial legislation” in through the prism of “legal realism”. The novelty of this research consists in detailed clarification of certain essential aspects of the genesis and evolution of American legal thought. Emphasis is placed on the poorly studied aspects of the criticism of legal realism in American literature. The latter is used rarely or fragmentally in the Russian research dedicated to the application of realistic approach towards law in the United States, including correlations with some European direction of “realistic” jurisprudence. Examination of philosophical-methodological framework of American legal realism allows revealing significant inaccuracies and distortions in classification of this trend as realistic, which in fact is rather of nominalistic nature. Realistic in relation to this trend of American legal thought is applicable only to separate characteristics of the sociological study of justice.
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Baskin, Ken. "Complexity Science and Myth in Big History". Journal of Big History 7, n. 2 (15 aprile 2024): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22339/jbh.v7i2.7210.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
From early on, David Christian’s vision of big history as a “modern creation myth” faced criticism for introducing elements of spirituality. This essay contends that the resulting controversy arises from a misunderstanding of the nature of myth. The mainstream model of myth depicts it as fanciful stories of supernatural agents that members of a society use to address their anxieties. While this is often the case, the author argues that myth can be more profitably explored as a neurobiological imperative that plays a critical role in cultural evolution. To make this case, he examines how the principles of complexity science helped him understand how human history has gone through periods, such as the Axial Age and Modernity, when the change produced by societies’ greatest successes demanded new ways of thinking about the world in order for those societies to survive. He then examines current neurobiology to explain how reinventing myth has allowed such societies to transform in ways that enabled them to meet the challenges produced by change. With this understanding of myth, the essay concludes with a discussion of how the myth of big history can allow us to contribute to the new ways of thinking that are emerging today, as culture evolves so we can meet our current existential challenges.
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Dahman, Ghada. "The American Frontier Character and His Relationship to Nature as Depicted by Thomas Bangs Thorpe". International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 4, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2003): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.4.1.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
While going unnoticed by many writers, the significance of the American frontiersman of the south did not escape the attention of Thomas Bangs Thorpe of Louisiana. This article tries to reinstate the importance that the frontiersman of the 19th century held in the eyes of this Old Southwest humorist. Thorpe humorously depicts this unique character to an almost a godly magnitude, yet at the same time, he retains his human traits, hence, remaining on a level readers could relate to. Even though the frontiersman's presence became sadly diminished as civilization advanced, Thorpe was able to revive him through his sketches. The speech, manners and lifestyle of the frontiersman, who evolves out of the American wilderness around him, all become Thorpe's means to successfully documenting one side of American history which might have gone unrecognized were it not for Thorpe's short stories..
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Buell, Lawrence, e Christof Mauch. "Imagining Rivers: The Aesthetics, History, and Politics of American Waterways. A Conversation Between Lawrence Buell and Christof Mauch". Review of International American Studies 14, n. 1 (30 settembre 2021): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/rias.10414.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This contribution features a transatlantic conversation between Christof Mauch, environmental historian and Americanist from Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich, and Lawrence Buell, literary scholar and “pioneer” of Ecocriticism from Harvard University. Buell’s The Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature Writing, and the Formation of American Culture (1995) marked the first major attempt to understand the green tradition of environmental writing, nonfiction as well as fiction, beginning in colonial times and continuing into the present day. With Thoreau’s Walden as a touchstone, this seminal book provided an account of the place of nature in the history of Western thought. Other highly acclaimed monographs include Writing for an Endangered World (2001), a book that brought industrialized and exurban landscapes into conversation with one other, and The Future of Environmental Criticism: Environmental Crisis and Literary Imagination (2009), which provides a critical survey of the ecocritical movement since the 1970s, with an eye to the future of the discipline.
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GRAY, RICHARD. "Writing American Literary History Sacvan Bercovitch (ed.), The Cambridge History of American Literature (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994–2005, £495.00). Volume One: 1590–1820 (1994, £70.00). Pp. xiii+829. ISBN 0 521 30105 [squf ]. Volume Two: Prose Writing, 1820–1865 (1995, £75.00). Pp. xviii+887. ISBN 0 521 30106 8. Volume Three: Prose Writing, 1860–1920 (2005, £80.00). Pp. xi+813. ISBN 0 521 30107 6. Volume Four: Nineteenth-Century Poetry, 1800–1910 (2004, £75.00). Pp. x+562. ISBN 0 521 30108 4. Volume Five: Poetry and Criticism, 1900–1950 (2003, £75.00). Pp. xi+624. ISBN 0 521 30109 2. Volume Six: Prose Writing, 1910–1950 (2002, £70.00). Pp. xx+620. ISBN 0 521 49731 0. Volume Seven: Prose Writing, 1940–1990 (1999, £75.00). Pp. xxiii+795. ISBN 0 521 49732 9. Volume Eight: Poetry and Criticism, 1940–1995 (1996, £75.00). Pp. viii+545. ISBN 0 521 49733 7." Journal of American Studies 40, n. 2 (27 luglio 2006): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875806001447.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Each generation needs to rewrite literary history. And it may be that this generation needs to do it more than most, if only because the proliferation of schools and theories has turned what was once common critical ground into a battlefield. American books, among others, have become a site of struggle, and American writers have been among those caught in the criss-crossing searchlights of ethnic and gender studies, interdisciplinary investigations and studies of popular culture, language and communication. Just how far things have gone can be measured by the fact that every term in the phrase “history of American literature,” is now open to debate. The textuality of history and the historicity of the text have become the most contentious issues in contemporary criticism, while the question of nationhood, in particular, is under scrutiny. In a famous phrase, Walt Whitman described his work as a language experiment, an attempt to summon a nation into being through words. The slippery, plural nature of American identity and the bewildering contingencies of American history that drove Whitman to say this feed into the more challenging of the recent accounts of American writing.
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Montoya, María E. "Viewing the American West as a Chicana in China". Western Historical Quarterly 53, n. 1 (6 dicembre 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whab148.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In both scholarly work and popular imagination, the American West is the final destination of migrant from Europe and Mexico. The stories of those migrants, however, obscure the first migration (12,000 BP) from Asia into North America. That migration across the now-submerged land bridge of Beringia ended humanity’s millennia-long journey across the globe that originated in Africa more than 50,000 years earlier. Using two examples, this essay reflects on how the Asian origins of the first Americans have been transformed into myths that conceal humanity’s migratory nature. First, in Chinese Communist propaganda, those origins are transformed into the myth of Peking Man as a branch of humanity originating in China rather than Africa. Second, in the writing of Rudolfo Anaya, those Asian origins are transformed into the myth of homogenous “Brown Brothers” united against white imperialists. Rather than rely on a myth of racial unity in some original homeland, this essay urges reliance on the shared experience of migration and home-making in hostile environments as the true source of our common humanity. Anaya’s Golden Carp, symbol of the life-giving fierce of water in an arid environment, captures this common human predicament stretching from Tibet and Xinjiang to New Mexico, epitomizing the American West as the place where humanity has been reunited, the home to the last wanderers of the human race.
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Cahill, Cathleen D. "“Our Sisters in China Are Free”: Visual Representations of Chinese and Chinese American Suffragists". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 19, n. 4 (7 agosto 2020): 634–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781420000365.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractBoth white and Chinese American suffragists in the United States closely watched and discussed the events of the Chinese Revolution of 1911 and the establishment of the Chinese Republic (1912–1949). They were aware of the republican revolutionaries’ support for women's rights, which conflicted with American stereotypes of China as a backward nation, especially in its treatment of women. Chinese suffragists, real and imagined, became a major talking point in debates over women's voting rights in the United States as white suffragists and national newspapers championed their stories. This led to prominent visual depictions of Chinese suffragists in the press, but also their participation in public events such as suffrage parades. For a brief time, the transnational nature of suffrage conversations was highly visible as was the suffrage activism of women in U.S. Chinese communities. However, because Chinese immigrants were barred from citizenship by U.S. immigration law, white activists tended to depict Chinese suffragists as foreign, resulting in the erasure of their memory in the U.S. suffrage movement.
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Riabov, Oleg. "Gendering the American Enemy in Early Cold War Soviet Films (1946–1953)". Journal of Cold War Studies 19, n. 1 (gennaio 2017): 193–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00722.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Analyzing Soviet films and film criticism from the late Stalin period, this article shows how Soviet cinematographers exploited gender discourse to produce Otherness. Cinematic representations of U.S. femininity, masculinity, love, sexuality, and marriage played an important role in constructing external and internal Enemies. Cinematography depicted the U.S. gender order as resulting from the unnatural social system in the United States and as contrary to both the Soviet order and human nature. In line with the notion of “two different Americas,” the films also created images of “good Americans” who aspired to satisfy gender norms of the Soviet way of life. The image of the American Other helped shape Soviet gender and political orders. Internal enemies’ “groveling before the West” on political matters was depicted as causing gender deviancy, and the breaking of Soviet gender norms was shown to lead to political crimes.
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Yun, Hae-Dong. "General Education in University of Korea and Korean History". Korean Association of General Education 16, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2022): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46392/kjge.2022.16.1.39.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With the so-called 4<sup>th</sup> Industrial Revolution, the speed of technology development is getting faster, while at rhe same time the polarization of labor market is getting worse. Therefore mid-skilled management layer is disappearing and the middle class is collapsing. There is no place to which humanities graduates to go and on the whole the humanities finds itself in crisis at university. After the modern university was established in Europe, general education had been understood as a essential device to secure criticism and universalities of university education. But with the crisis of humanities, the status of general education now stands on shaky ground. After the Korean liberation from Japan, value neutrality and marginality was strengthened and deepened in general education at university of Korea as the Japanese and American general education model was mixing together. The study of Korean history expanded tremendously in general education, when it was designated as a legal general education subject in 1974. For that reason, nationalistic nature of Korean history was strengthened and to some degree maintained after it was released from the legal ties in 1989. However the foundation of modern historiography is now fundamentally shaky. Thus we are in desperate need to seek a Korean history general education that can cultivate criticism, universality and imagination.
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Efremenko, D. "William Ogburn and the idea of cultural lag. The centenary of the hypothesis". Philosophy of Science and Technology 27, n. 2 (2022): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2413-9084-2022-27-2-58-71.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article introduces the publication in Russian of selected sections of the book “Social Change, with Respect to Culture and Original Nature” (1922) by the American sociologist William F. Ogburn, in which the main provisions of the cultural lag hypothesis are outlined. The milestones of Ogburn’s biography and scientific work are considered. It is shown that the cultural lag hypothesis has become the basis of a program of comprehensive studies of the social effects of technical inventions, which Ogburn has been implementing for several decades. The contribution of the cultural lag hypothesis to the social reflection of the phenomenon of technology is discussed, as well as the main directions of criticism of this concept.
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Nekrasova-Karateeva, Olga Leonidovna. "Art master Yulia Gusarova is an artist of multifaceted talent". Культура и искусство, n. 11 (novembre 2023): 18–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2023.11.68866.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article contains materials about the work of St. Petersburg artist Yulia Vasilievna Gusarova, a master who creates works in different materials and techniques and has her own theme, manner and style. The purpose of the article is to determine the foundations and nature of creativity, to track the dynamics of the personal development of a hereditary artist. She is multi-faceted and is successfully realized in the art of painting, in mosaics, in ceramics, in textiles, in scientific and pedagogical activities. The main themes of her work: stories from the history of culture and art, travel impressions, the world of the sea and marine life, the fantastic world of the medieval "bestiary" and modern technology. The article presents examples of her works, describes their semantic content and artistic merits, notes theoretical and methodological-pedagogical aspects of the problems of art and art education. The materials of the article have novelty, because they are offered for publication for the first time. There was no scientific study of Y. Gusarova's creativity in domestic and foreign art criticism. The results and research methods in this article can be useful in art criticism for use in writing monographic works about the work of other artists, as well as for creating a complete picture of the features of the work of domestic ceramic artists of the XX - XXI centuries.
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Starling, Heloisa Maria Murgel. "Where Only Wind Was Once Sown". Contributions to the History of Concepts 3, n. 2 (1 aprile 2007): 152–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/180793207x234789.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article traces the reception of different strands of Republicanism in Brazil. French republicanism inspired authors such as Euclides da Cunha in his realization that a true Brazilian republic would only be achieved with the inclusion of its vast interior and its destitute population. But the reception of republicanism in Brazil also drew from Anglo-Saxon sources, which resulted also in an emphasis on the political nature of the community. American republicanism, with its conception of territorial expansion, land possession, and active economic participation added a further dimension to Brazilian republicanism. In particular, Teofilo Otoni's attempt to create a political community in the Mucury Valley was modeled after the ideals of American republicanism. Even if the Brazilian republicanism that emerged from the reception of these strands failed to impose its agenda over the political mainstream, it provided a unifying ideology for the opposition throughout the Second Empire and the First Republic, and still constitutes a source of inspiration for political reform and criticism.
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Belyaev, Dmitriy A., e Ulyana P. Belyaeva. "Historical Video Games in the Context of Public History: Strategies for Reconstruction, Deconstruction and Politization of History". Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies 4, n. 1 (21 marzo 2022): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46539/gmd.v4i1.204.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Today, historical video games going beyond the boundaries of the purely entertainment framework of screen media are increasingly influencing the formation of the public history infosphere. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of historical video games as a tool for constructing mass historical consciousness and the implementation of ideologized strategies for the politics of memory. Methodologically, the work is based on the concepts of “public history infosphere” and “politics of memory”, as well as the historical method and classification approach. In addition, elements of comparative analysis, the method of narrative research of cultural artifacts and the optics of I. Bogost’s procedural rhetoric are used.
The study determines the specificity and nature of broadcasting historical plots in the context of procedural actualization of video game narratives. Starting from the interactive-procedural nature of video games, the original possibilities and objective constraints in the reproduction of “stories about the past” are revealed. It is demonstrated that the programmatic and subjective-user modalities of a video game existence endow it with rhizome and nomadic characteristics. Video game architectonics has an intention to deconstruct the “metaphysics of presence” and the main repressive instances characteristic of traditional historical narrative. At the same time, based on the concept of simulations by G. Frasca, three main formats of historical video game reconstructions are revealed: factual (plot and setting), logical-dynamic and hybrid. The article identifies the most common ways of distorting, mythologizing and politicizing history in video games. Special attention is paid to the explication of the ideologized concept of “anti-Sovietism” in video game plots, as a form of quasi-historical criticism of the Soviet regime and the continuation of the rhetoric of the “Cold War”.
The results of the study can be used in the expert assessment of the space of public history, in the identification of relevant media tools and meaningful concepts that form its semantic framework. In addition, certain conclusions are essential for the effective correction of memory policy strategies implemented in screen digital media.
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Tanaseichuk, A. B., e O. Yu Osmukhina. "Problem of Periodization and Some Aspects of the Late Work of F. Bret Hart". Nauchnyi dialog, n. 2 (3 marzo 2021): 244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-2-244-258.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article is devoted to the discussion of the problem of periodization and the study of the features of the late stage of the work of the outstanding American prose writer Francis Bret Hart (1836—1902). The relevance of the article is due to the need to build a coherent and consistent history of the development of American literature at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, an important part of which is the writer’s prose heritage. The authors comprehend Western (J. Stewart, G. Scharnhorst, A. Nissen and others) and domestic (A. V. Vaschenko, L. P. Grossman, P. E. Schegolev, A. I. Startsev, V. A. Libman, E. Yu. Rogonova, A. B. Tanaseichuk) studies on biography and various aspects of the prose writer. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time in American studies a gap in the reception of F. Bret Hart's work was filled (the absence of clear criteria for periodization); the tradition of a disdainful attitude to the European period of his work, established in American literary criticism, is refuted, in particular, it is proved that in the stories and novels of the 1880s and 1890s Bret Hart boldly goes beyond the usual themes and images: the “Californian theme”, traditional for his early prose, takes on a new dimension — in the aspect of understanding national and gender psychology (“Maruga”); amorous and melodramatic collisions are combined with an appeal to science fiction (“The Secret of the Hacienda”).
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Vertinsky, Patricia. "Speaking Up, Speaking Out, and Speaking Back to Feminism in Sport History". Journal of Sport History 48, n. 3 (1 ottobre 2021): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21558450.48.3.08.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Looking through the gateway of Title IX and second-wave feminism to NASSH meetings in the mid-1980s, one could see it might take a while for gender politics to gather steam in North American sport history. Though the field rang largely with the voices of male historians and stories of men's sport, challenges were growing from feminist sport historians who were ready and able to speak up and speak out about gender relations in sport history. With this momentum, feminist sport history moved into the twenty-first century primed to gain a growing presence in NASSH. I describe the growing maturity of scholarship in feminist history and highlight insightful studies which “helped rip sports history out of its overly masculine nature.” Finally, I point to a new generation of young sport history feminist scholars renewing and reinventing feminism in their work, while illuminating how they have built their scholarship on the roots and shoots of earlier generations of feminist sport historians.
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Miller, Kiri. "Americanism Musically: Nation, Evolution, and Public Education at the Columbian Exposition, 1893". 19th-Century Music 27, n. 2 (2003): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncm.2003.27.2.137.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Columbian Exposition (the World's Fair in Chicago, 1893) was intended to represent the entire progress of human history, with American civilization as its culminating triumph. The Exposition celebrated the four-hundredth anniversary of Columbus's discovery of the New World; it restaged that discovery in myriad ways: from the display of ““savage races”” on the Midway to the construction of an emergent American middle class as civilization's newest noble savages, hungry for education. Music was an integral part of the Exposition. America's musical elite took an active role in the fair's promotion and design. The Exposition also stimulated a flood of writing on the nature and future of ““truly American”” music. This article examines American musical culture at the Exposition, with attention to music as art, science, and commerce three categories at the heart of the Exposition's formal definition of music. The network of mutual reinforcements, contradictions and the related concepts of nation, race, and evolution has powerful implications for the ensuing history of music in America. Analysis of the educational agenda of music at the Exposition suggests it taught its visitors--5 to 10 percent of the American population--a great deal about race, class, nationhood, and their identity as consumers. Reading the musical criticism, speculative philosophy, and patriotic grandstanding that accompanied the fair shows how musical thought of the day relied on evolutionary theory.
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Song, Wei. "Semiotic interpretation of photos in Leslie Silko’s Storyteller". Chinese Semiotic Studies 19, n. 4 (1 novembre 2023): 633–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2023-2025.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Leslie Marmon Silko, a Native American female writer, includes many photos about family and land in her autobiography Storyteller. The relations of images and words in her book are analyzed from the perspective of semiotics, particularly from Roland Barthes’s image rhetoric. The linguistic message and the coded and non-coded iconic message of the photos help in understanding the Laguna Pueblo concept of time and place. Photos about family show the cyclical time expanse of the family history and the change of traditions in Laguna. Photos about land and the stories behind pass on their ancestral culture to the next and the next generation. Photos, as a sign to be against linear time and against humans’ violence to nature, help the indigenous reshape their history and re-envision their subjectivity.
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Rashid, Hussein. "I Speak for Myself". American Journal of Islam and Society 29, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2012): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v29i1.1216.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The anthology, I Speak for Myself, is the first in a series of books that allowMuslims to write about themselves. This volume is about Americanwomen describing their experiences of being a Muslima ‒ with one from aman, and further volumes in the series will focus on the American Muslimmale perspective and voices from the Arab Spring. Like most anthologies,the submissions are uneven, and with forty essays, there are more than afew poor essays. The editors indicate that they wanted the authors to writeessays that reflected their comfortable relationship to country and faith, butotherwise they left the theme open.Although the editors seem to have hoped for a diverse outpouring ofessays, and there is a great deal of diversity, there are certain commonthemes. Most notably were a series of essays by women who only talkedabout the hijab, as though that was their identity. These essays were fairlysimilar to one another, which may be the result of the short length of thesepieces. There is value in keeping the contributions brief, as stories movealong and ideas develop quickly, but is a problem when several peoplewrite on the same issue.Despite this general criticism, this book is a natural fit for any courseon Islam in America, gender and religion, or even as an introduction toIslam course. There are some absolutely delightful and fascinating essaysin this collection. The strongest ones dealt with the implicit nature of beingMuslim and American. Rather than discussing either or both identifications,authors simply talked about their lives. Following are several examplesof these types of essays ...
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Nkeirua, Nwachukwu Abigail, Ayebanoa Timibofa e Arnold Udisi. "Defining Contemporary American Literature: A Study of Louise Gluck’s, The Seven Ages". Scholars International Journal of Linguistics and Literature 6, n. 12 (27 dicembre 2023): 484–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijll.2023.v06i12.005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper defines contemporary American literature with specific references to Louise Gluck’s The Seven Ages. Although a handful of studies have been done on the subject yet, a satisfactory definition of contemporary American Literature has remained a task. The reason for this challenge is tied to the diverse lenses with which scholars have examined the subject matter with special attention to issues of language composition, authorship, setting, culture, characterization, and geographical experiences. More so, separating contemporary American literature from other American literary periods, especially modernism. The significance of this present paper is hinged on the fact that it has demonstrated sparkling differences between contemporary American literature and other epochs, with glaring shreds of evidence from Gluck’s collection. The essay identified, transformation, experimentation, coming of age, technology, cyber literature, history and memory, intertextuality, identity, literature of voice, family and beauty, spirit, nature, and wit as major themes that dominate contemporary American literature. Also, the literature of self, isolation, disillusionment, and the world as characteristics that characterize contemporary American literature. In terms of style, the work examined monologue, free versification, and simplified diction as core literary patterns. The qualitative research method was adopted, while historical criticism was applied for analysis. Findings show that contemporary American literature is different from other periods in American literature, even though, it shares proximity with modern American literature. In the same vein, not all literature weaved in the 1950s belongs to this period, but those produced in the last twenty-two years between (2000-2022). The submission of this study is that further studies be done on the area of defining the nature and characteristics of contemporary American literature, using texts weaved in the last twenty-two years. ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | Dec. 28, 2023
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Cunningham, Lawrence S. "Four American Catholics and their Chronicler". Horizons 31, n. 1 (2004): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900001110.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When Dorothy Day decided to write a history of the Catholic Worker movement she drew for inspiration from the writings she knew and loved intimately: the novels of Charles Dickens; the radical reportage of activists like Carlo Levi (Christ Stopped at Eboli), George Orwell (Down and Out in Paris and London), and Danilo Dolci (Report from Palermo). She also loved Ignazio Silone's antifascist novel Bread and Wine. Towering over all of these writers, however, were the Russians and more particularly the late Leo Tolstoy of Resurrection and the profound, fictive world of Fydor Dostoevski whose “fool for Christ” (Prince Myshkin of The Idiot) and the saintly Aloysha of the Brothers Karamazov were iconic. Day was a follower of the Gospel but her human horizon was nourished by her life long love for literature.Who knows the mystery of God's attracting grace but if the old scholastics had it right in their axiom that grace builds on nature one would have to say that the four persons whom Paul Elie chronicles in his recent brilliant work on the American Catholic Church in the middle of the twentieth century were attracted to a vigorous life in Catholicism on nature as made concrete in literature. What all four had in common was a profound love of literature and, more to the point, the fact that there was a common thread in their devotion to The Brothers Karamazov and other seminal works of literature. In fact, one can play a little mind game while reading this capacious study: what were they all reading as their adult lives matured?The four persons at the heart of Elie's book were writers but of a decidedly different stripe. Flannery O'Connor, whose life was cut short by a debilitating case of lupus, wrote slowly and with an exactitude that demands an equally slow patient reading even when the stories are clear but the meaning allusive.
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Jones-Katz, Gregory. "The Euphoria of Theory". Minnesota review 2024, n. 102 (1 maggio 2024): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00265667-11047147.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract In the last three decades of the twentieth century, theory became a “cognitive good” throughout the American academic humanities. The rise and uses of this new high-tech good fit the “new spirit of capitalism,” to quote Luc Boltanski and Eve Chiapello's 2018 book by the same name, a post-1960s “ideology that justifies engagement in capitalism.” A neoliberal ethos and disposition animated theory and possessed theorists, as well as spaces that circulated theory, such as the University of Minnesota's Theory and History of Literature book series, theory journals, and the University of California, Irvine's School of Criticism and Theory. Meanwhile, capitalism incorporated the nature, scope, and social effectiveness of critique by way of theory in American higher education; theorists worked in a university where neoliberal forces saturated and directed professional and intellectual protocols. The academic humanist Left's promotion of theory, for instance, facilitated the formation of the “university” as a theater for culture war conflicts, shifting attention inside and outside the academy away from underlying changes in capitalism.
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NEGADI, Chiheb. "ARCHAEOLOGICAL DOCUMENTATION OF HISTORICAL EVENTS IN THE HOLY QURAN - STORIES OF THE PROPHETS AS A MODEL-". RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, n. 01 (1 gennaio 2022): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.15.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The modern scientific revolution has imposed on the researcher to broaden his view by referring to more than one science in addressing his research issues, and in the light of the contemporary ideological debate that the unspoken and the accepted are recognized to without the slightest prestige, it is necessary to discuss what these debates erupt with objectivity and impartiality. The issue of the historical existence of the Qur’anic events, which was taken - according to Arab modernists - from the school of archaeological criticism of the Bible as an example, and since the prevailing belief among Muslims is the infallibility of the Holy Qur’an from distortion and falsification through recurrent and because it contained - equivalent to a third - on Historical events, including stories, and previous facts, it is not possible “beliefly” and “realistically” that the divine news contradict the achieved historical reality, and since the main purpose of the Holy Qur’an - including the verses of the stories - is guidance , the Qur’an has transmitted history To achieve this purpose without being a book of history that delves into the details and identifies the dates and respects the chronologies with precision and detail, it is not possible “methodologically” and “realistically” to require the archaeological evidence for each Qur’anic event, especially since the nature of the archaeological research itself He suffers from technical and epistemological gaps that make his discoveries and reading of him between the hypothesis of the results of the auxiliary sciences and the self-interpretation of the archaeologist, and the process of archaeological documentation of historical events in Holy Qur’an remains - if it is achieved - as a matter of concerted evidence - despite its suspicion - that raises the believer's faith - and faith in degrees. - It also obliges the non-believer in the Qur’an as a divine source to conform to the material evidence of the divine revelation or what is termed in Islamic thought with the « scientific miracles of the Holy Qur’an ».
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Gautam, Mahendra. "Causes of Ambivalence in Nepal and America Relations". Researcher CAB: A Journal for Research and Development 2, n. 1 (15 agosto 2023): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rcab.v2i1.57651.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The United States of America and Nepal have worked together in many different fields after establishing bilateral diplomatic relations in 1947. The USA has been contributing to development sectors like infrastructure development. Still, there is a growing ambivalence among Nepali Youths, especially on the nature of their bilateral relationship. However, Nepal’s political parties have different perspectives on how America is engaged in Nepal. In 2022 Nepal ratified Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) from the parliament under fierce criticism and strong protests from some political parties, their sister wings, and even Civil Society Groups. Their protests were primarily concerned with the feeling that both countries have no equal status in the bilateral relationship. There are a few questions on the nature of American presence in Nepal. Nepal is a geopolitically significant land between two emerging nations of the world; India and China. There is a history of American interference in different countries of the world that has become a source of ambivalence in Nepal. Left wings politicians are very doubtful of the role of the USA in Nepal, especially how it showed desperation in turmoil to ratify the MCC project. This context has fuelled mistrust against the USA in Nepal. Though the majority of the youths of Nepal dream of going to America at any cost, they are still protesting against the American presence in the country. The attraction of Nepali youths to Diversity Visa applications and strong street protests against MCC are full of juxtapositions. Why this duality exists in the mind of Nepali youths? This article aims to study the causes of ambivalence in the relationship between the nations.
The United States of America and Nepal have worked together in many different fields after establishing bilateral diplomatic relations in 1947. The USA has been contributing to development sectors like infrastructure development. Still, there is a growing ambivalence among Nepali Youths, especially on the nature of their bilateral relationship. However, Nepal’s political parties have different perspectives on how America is engaged in Nepal. In 2022 Nepal ratified Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) from the parliament under fierce criticism and strong protests from some political parties, their sister wings, and even Civil Society Groups. Their protests were primarily concerned with the feeling that both countries have no equal status in the bilateral relationship. There are a few questions on the nature of American presence in Nepal. Nepal is a geopolitically significant land between two emerging nations of the world; India and China. There is a history of American interference in different countries of the world that has become a source of ambivalence in Nepal. Left wings politicians are very doubtful of the role of the USA in Nepal, especially how it showed desperation in turmoil to ratify the MCC project. This context has fuelled mistrust against the USA in Nepal. Though the majority of the youths of Nepal dream of going to America at any cost, they are still protesting against the American presence in the country. The attraction of Nepali youths to Diversity Visa applications and strong street protests against MCC are full of juxtapositions. Why this duality exists in the mind of Nepali youths? This article aims to study the causes of ambivalence in the relationship between the nations.
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Parodi, Ella. "A critical investigation of Y7 students’ perceptions of Roman slavery as evidenced in the stories of the Cambridge Latin Course". Journal of Classics Teaching 21, n. 42 (2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2058631020000483.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In an article, ‘The Slaves were Happy’: High School Latin and the Horrors of Classical Studies, Erik Robinson, a Latin teacher from a public high school in Texas, criticises how, in his experience, Classics teaching tends to avoid in-depth discussions on issues such as the brutality of war, the treatment of women and the experience of slaves (Robinson, 2017). However, texts such as the article ‘Teaching Sensitive Topics in the Secondary Classics Classroom’ (Hunt, 2016), and the book ‘From abortion to pederasty: addressing difficult topics in the Classics classroom’ (Sorkin Rabinowitz & McHardy, 2014) strongly advocate for teachers to address these difficult and sensitive topics. They argue that the historical distance between us and Greco-Roman culture and history can allow students to engage and participate in discussions that may otherwise be difficult and can provide a valuable opportunity to address uncomfortable topics in the classroom. Thus, Robinson's assertion that Classics teaching avoids these sensitive topics may not be so definitive. Regardless, Robinson claims that honest confrontations in the classroom with the ‘legacy of horror and abuse’ from the ancient world can be significantly complicated by many introductory textbooks used in Latin classes, such as the Cambridge Latin Course (CLC), one of the most widely used high school Latin textbooks in use in both America and the United Kingdom (Robinson, 2017). In particular, Robinson views the presentation of slavery within the CLC as ‘rather jocular and trivialising’ which can then hinder a reader's perspective on the realities of the violent and abusive nature of the Roman slave trade (Robinson, 2017). As far as he was concerned, the problem lay with the characterisation of the CLC's slave characters Grumio and Clemens, who, he argued, were presented there as happy beings and seemingly unfazed by their positions as slaves. There was never any hint in the book that Grumio or Clemens were unhappy with their lives or their positions as slaves, even though, as the CLC itself states in its English background section on Roman slavery, Roman law ‘did not regard slaves as human beings, but as things that could be bought or sold, treated well or badly, according to the whim of their master’ (CLC I, 1998, p. 78). One might argue, therefore, that there seems to be a disconnect between the English language information we learn about the brutality of the Roman slave trade provided in the background section of Stage 6, and what we can infer about Roman slavery from the Latin language stories involving our two ‘happy’ slaves.
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Wuntu, Ceisy Nita. "JAMES FENIMORE COOPER AND THE IDEA OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION IN THE LEATHERSTOCKING TALES (1823-1841)". Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies 1, n. 2 (1 settembre 2014): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v1i2.34218.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The spirit to respect the rights of all living environment in literature that was found in the 1970s in William Rueckert’s works was considered as the emergence of the new criticism in literature, ecocriticism, which brought the efforts to trace the spirit in works of literature. Works arose after the 1840s written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Margareth Fuller, the American transcendentalists, are considered to be the first works presenting the respect for the living environment as claimed by Peter Barry. James Fenimore Cooper’s reputation in American literary history appeared because of his role in leading American literature into its identity. Among his works, The Leatherstocking Tales mostly attracted European readers’ attention when he successfully applied American issues. The major issue in the work is the spirit of the immigrants to dominate flora, fauna and human beings as was experienced by the indigenous people. Applying ecocriticism theory in doing the analysis, it has been found that Cooper’s works particularly his The Leatherstocking Tales (1823-1841) present Cooper’s great concern for the sustainable life. He shows that compassion, respect, wisdom, and justice are the essential aspects in preserving nature that meet the main concern of ecocriticism and hence the works that preceded the transcendentalists’ work places themselves as the embryo of ecocriticism in America.Keywords: Ecocriticism, James Fenimore Cooper, The Leatherstocking Tales, living environment, sustainable life
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RUBIN, JOAN SHELLEY. "REPOSSESSING THE COZZENS–MACDONALD IMBROGLIO: MIDDLEBROW AUTHORSHIP, CRITICAL AUTHORITY, AND AUTONOMOUS READERS IN POSTWAR AMERICA". Modern Intellectual History 7, n. 3 (30 settembre 2010): 553–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244310000235.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dwight Macdonald's 1958 attack on James Gould Cozzens's novelBy Love Possessedposited that the book's popularity was an “episode” in “The Middlebrow Counter-Revolution” then under way among American critics. That conclusion neglected the strategies of publishing, advertising, and authorial stance that Cozzens and his wife, the agent Sylvia Baumgarten, wielded to create a best seller. Macdonald also did not see how he and Cozzens shared a high-culture aesthetic and competed for power over readers threatening to make criticism irrelevant. Each tried to consolidate that power by depicting his adversary as socially inferior: as Jew, queer, or feminized “middlebrow.” Although Macdonald's appropriation of Cozzens's own values succeeded in damaging Cozzens's reputation, the authority that Macdonald hoped to preserve was likewise about to collapse under pressure from mass culture and postmodern relativism. The Macdonald–Cozzens imbroglio thus provides a useful example of the provisional nature of cultural hierarchy at any given historical moment.