Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Nature Effect of human beings on"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Nature Effect of human beings on":
1
Vaidya, Dr Varsha, e Mr Siddharth Patil. "A Story of Scattered Hearts: Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, n. 2 (28 febbraio 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i2.10414.
Abstract (sommario):
Human beings are so fragile and impatient that they are easily subjected on emotional basis. It is in human nature that they empathise everything that emotionally attach with them. Emotion plays a vital role in the entire world of human relationship. It is not inept to note here that our thoughts are often forms the core of our actions. It reflects the framework of our psychology greatly. There are instances in the world of living where one work affects because of the mood of a person. Deliberately, the writers across the world develop and circle their thoughts around emotional balance of human beings in various points. They successfully stress the effect of a particular crisis and it’s outcomes on human mind. The present research paper deals with the effects of such crisis on the lives of human being who are deeply engulfed in their normal life. The study is a sincere endeavour to bring to the fore a serious effect of Nepali-a politically motivated-uprising on the common man living peacefully, amicably in harmony with nature.
2
Dhungel, Nabaraj. "Man-Nature Relationship in L P Devkota’s Poems: An Ecological Study". Literary Studies 33 (31 marzo 2020): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/litstud.v33i0.38058.
Abstract (sommario):
Man-nature relationship is one of the central themes of great poet Laxmi Prasad Devkota. This relationship is both analogous and Antithetical. Nature is source of life, knowledge and pleasure foe human beings. But at the same time it is cruel and angry giving pain and suffering to human beings. Similarly, man both loves and exploits the nature. On the one hand, they worship nature as god but on the other hand, they make it the source of earning deteriorating it. Instead of enjoying its beauty and positively using nature, human beings try to get maximum profit from nature irrationally utilizing it which causes adverse effects in the ecosystem and the whole universe. Many of his poems focus on mundane elements of the human and the natural world.
3
Sa’dan, Masthuriyah. "ISLAMIC SCIENCE, NATURE AND HUMAN BEINGS: A DISCUSSION ON ZIAUDDIN SARDAR'S THOUGHTS". Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 23, n. 2 (27 dicembre 2015): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ws.2015.23.2.278.
Abstract (sommario):
<p class="IIABSBARU">Currently the development of western science has been very advanced. However, the development of western science only concerns towards big profits without any consideration about the side effects of science development itself. The western science has marginalized the aspects of metaphysics and theology so that the western science arises materialistic characteristics for human beings, ecological damage, and disharmonic situations between nature and human. This writing discussed Ziauddin Sardar thoughts about Islamic science applying descriptive analysis approach. In Sardar’s thoughts, Muslim community must not follow western science; nevertheless, Muslim community may have Islamic science, having the Islamic characteristic and value. The characteristics of Islamic science cannot be separated from the ten parameters such as <em>tawḥīd, khilāfah</em><em>, ’ibādah</em>, <em>’ilm, ḥalāl, ḥarām, ’adl, ẓulm, istiṣlāḥ</em> and <em>diyā’</em>.</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p>Pada era sekarang ini perkembangan sains telah mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat. Namun kemajuan sains hanya mengambil keuntungan sebesar-besarnya, tanpa memikirkan dampak dari perkembangan sains itu sendiri. Sains telah memarginalkan sisi metafisika dan teologi sehingga sains Barat menimbulkan sifat materialistis bagi manusia, kerusakan ekologi, dan ketidakharmonisan antara alam dan manusia. Tulisan ini mengkaji pemikiran Ziauddin Sardar tentang sains Islam dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Dalam pandangan Sardar, masyarakat Muslim tidak harus mengekor sains Barat, akan tetapi masyarakat Muslim bisa memiliki sains sebagai karakteristik sains yang bercorak dan bernilai Islam yakni sains Islam. Adapun karaketeristik sains Islam tidak lepas dari sepuluh parameter yang meliputi <em>tawḥīd, khilāfah</em><em>, ’ibādah</em>, <em>’ilm, ḥalāl, ḥarām, ’adl, ẓulm, istiṣlāḥ</em> dan <em>diyā’</em>.
4
Sa’dan, Masthuriyah. "ISLAMIC SCIENCE, NATURE AND HUMAN BEINGS: A DISCUSSION ON ZIAUDDIN SARDAR'S THOUGHTS". Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan 23, n. 2 (27 dicembre 2015): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ws.23.2.278.
Abstract (sommario):
<p class="IIABSBARU">Currently the development of western science has been very advanced. However, the development of western science only concerns towards big profits without any consideration about the side effects of science development itself. The western science has marginalized the aspects of metaphysics and theology so that the western science arises materialistic characteristics for human beings, ecological damage, and disharmonic situations between nature and human. This writing discussed Ziauddin Sardar thoughts about Islamic science applying descriptive analysis approach. In Sardar’s thoughts, Muslim community must not follow western science; nevertheless, Muslim community may have Islamic science, having the Islamic characteristic and value. The characteristics of Islamic science cannot be separated from the ten parameters such as <em>tawḥīd, khilāfah</em><em>, ’ibādah</em>, <em>’ilm, ḥalāl, ḥarām, ’adl, ẓulm, istiṣlāḥ</em> and <em>diyā’</em>.</p><p class="IIABSBARU" align="center">***</p>Pada era sekarang ini perkembangan sains telah mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat. Namun kemajuan sains hanya mengambil keuntungan sebesar-besarnya, tanpa memikirkan dampak dari perkembangan sains itu sendiri. Sains telah memarginalkan sisi metafisika dan teologi sehingga sains Barat menimbulkan sifat materialistis bagi manusia, kerusakan ekologi, dan ketidakharmonisan antara alam dan manusia. Tulisan ini mengkaji pemikiran Ziauddin Sardar tentang sains Islam dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Dalam pandangan Sardar, masyarakat Muslim tidak harus mengekor sains Barat, akan tetapi masyarakat Muslim bisa memiliki sains sebagai karakteristik sains yang bercorak dan bernilai Islam yakni sains Islam. Adapun karaketeristik sains Islam tidak lepas dari sepuluh parameter yang meliputi <em>tawḥīd, khilāfah</em><em>, ’ibādah</em>, <em>’ilm, ḥalāl, ḥarām, ’adl, ẓulm, istiṣlāḥ</em> dan <em>diyā’</em>.
5
Code, Lorraine. "Second Persons". Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 13 (1987): 357–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1987.10715942.
Abstract (sommario):
Assumptions about what it is to be human are implicit in most philosophical reflections upon ethical and epistemological issues. Although such assumptions are not usually elaborated into a comprehensive theory of human nature, they are nonetheless influential in beliefs about what kinds of problem are worthy of consideration, and in judgments about the adequacy of proposed solutions. Claims to the effect that one should not be swayed by feelings and loyalties in the making of moral decisions, for example, presuppose that human beings are creatures whose nature is amenable to guidance by reason rather than emotion and are creatures capable of living well when they act as impartially as possible. Analogously, claims to the effect that knowledge, to merit that title, should be acquired out of independent cognitive endeavour uncluttered by opinion and hearsay, suggest that human beings are creatures who can come to know their environment through their own unaided efforts. And claims to the effect that knowledge, once acquired, is timelessly and universally true depend upon assumptions about the constancy and uniformity of human nature across historical and cultural boundaries.
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Jena, Anita, e Sarita Kar. "Human and Nature: Developing Virtues for Environmental Responsive Behaviour". Problemy Ekorozwoju 18, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2023): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2023.1.18.
Abstract (sommario):
The environmental issues such as deforestation, climate change, ozone layer depletion, greenhouse effect and pollution of air, water and soil rises due to unethical activity of human beings and behaviour of humankind. Environmental degradation and the deterioration of human moral values are inter-connected with each other. So, environmental revolution required a transformation in human behaviour. Virtue ethics could be used as an instrument to develop a pro-environmental behaviour. Virtue ethics is primarily concerned with what kind of people we should be, what kind of characters we should have, and how we should act. This directly develops one’s moral character as well as pro-environmental character and behaviour, i.e., wisely use the natural resources; develop the habit to preserve the nature. Virtue ethics would be built to bridge the gap between human behaviour and the needs of environment. This paper emphasizes the implications of virtue ethics to bring changes in human character and behaviour to resolve the current environmental problems.
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Goldworth, Amnon. "Informed Consent in the Human Genome Enterprise". Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4, n. 3 (1995): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100006046.
Abstract (sommario):
When Jean-Paul Sartre, the French existentialist philosopher, declared some four decades ago that man makes himself, this assertion was based on Sartre's belief that human beings do not possess an essential human nature. Man's self creation had to do with his freedom to choose the roles that he played or could play, and their attendant effects on his attitudes and responsibilities. It said nothing about his freedom to alter his biological nature.
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Huang, Xiang, Liangyi Luo, Xinyi Li, Yingxin Lin, Zhiqiang Chen e Chen Jin. "How Do Nature-Based Activities Benefit Essential Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic? The Mediating Effect of Nature Connectedness". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 24 (8 dicembre 2022): 16501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416501.
Abstract (sommario):
Although many studies have suggested that nature-based activities have a healing effect on human beings, there is little research on the underlying mechanism. This study investigated the role of nature connectedness in the relationship between the perception of nature and individuals’ physical and psychological health. We recruited essential workers who participated in disease prevention and control during the COVID-19 pandemic and their family members as the subjects for this study. The stress levels experienced by this group made them an ideal sample. The results of a survey-based study showed that nature-based activities had a positive effect on alleviating state anxiety levels. The results also showed that nature-based activities affected perceived restoration via the feeling of nature connectedness. This study examined the healing effect of nature-based activities that stimulate the five senses and nature connectedness and explored the potential of nature-based treatments for people experiencing high levels of stress.
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Sharma, G. N., e B. K. Chary. "Nature of God From A Logical Lense". International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 10, n. 02 (23 febbraio 2023): 7725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v10i02.04.
Abstract (sommario):
Every living being struggles for existence which but natural. However, Man is a thinking animal and therefore more than surviving on the basis of instincts he goes on analysing a situation and tries to confirm the cause of every phenomenon. To live is to struggle and to struggle does not mean any sort of misfortune. However, the fact that remains is that there are varieties in struggle. On the physical plane it is really unfortunate if the body constitution is not being normal and witnessed by others. But then when it comes to the mental plane, it is behind the screen and only those closely acquainted experience the effect of the shortcomings. Overall scenario is of some deficiency realized by one and all, with rare exceptions, if any. Those who are evolved beings do claim to be unaffected by the worldly affairs but then they are also not spared with regard to the uneasiness. In short, human existence is accompanied by sufferings and it can go without any debate. At the most we may claim that the tender or sensitive souls suffer more than any other type. By birth itself human beings are bound to experience the very need of companionship and a caretaker. As one advances in life, the need remains same but picks up a different configuration. With every phase somehow what remains common is the trust in God expecting him to be always accompanying us. Furthermore, as an add on effect, we also expect him to do justice by monitoring more of our intentions and subsequently actions. A naive mind goes with the available scriptures, word by word, expecting their performance to be cent percent. Much of the harm is done by the societal norms or conventions which have never undergone any revision. Only a meagre percentage of our population that claims to be atheistic is supposed to be exempted from such tensions. The genuine problem with people is not about the existence of God but nature of his functioning. This is because, at any rate, it does not coincide with our rather forced assumptions. Therefore it is wise to get into the historical details right from the creation so that the genuine concept can be understood and placed before the upcoming generation. This paper attempts to cover important philosophies related to this subject.
10
Gassmann, Robert H. "Hearts, desires and behavioural patterns: Debating human nature in ancient China". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 74, n. 2 (giugno 2011): 237–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x11000048.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThinkers in the Zhànguó period of Chinese history debated intensely whether men were by nature “good” or “bad”. This debate has for many years been an important focus of sinological interest, but usually these properties were not attributed to men, but rather to so-called “human nature” (xìng 性) – thus, in effect, mirroring well-known (and problematic) “European” positions and discussions. The aim of this paper is, on the one hand, to redirect attention to the original Zhànguó positions and to explore the reasons for their variance by offering novel and close historical readings of relevant passages, and on the other, to propose a viable historical reconstruction of the common anthropological assumptions underlying these positions by blending it with the traces of a dominant cognitive image present in the texts. This calls for a systematic rethinking of the role of hearts (in the plural), desires, and behavioural patterns in their interplay and as elements of a concept of the psychological build of human beings current in early China.
Tesi sul tema "Nature Effect of human beings on":
1
Redman, William Laurence. "Language, myth, and perceptions in writing about the natural environment". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1593.
2
Surgenor, Hazel. "A phenomenological investigation into the experiences of practicing counselling psychology and psychotherapy out doors". Thesis, Regent's University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.646073.
Abstract (sommario):
This study explores the significance for practitioners of taking their therapeutic work outside of the traditional therapy room, typically into nature spaces, parks or gardens. Attention is paid to the notion of the therapeutic frame and relevant ecopsychology theory. While there is substantial literature around ecotherapy and the benefits of nature to wellbeing, there is relatively little concerning working as a psychotherapist outdoors. The purpose of this research therefore was to address the question of what it is like to take a therapeutic practice out of doors and the potential challenges. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with practitioners with experience of working out of doors with clients. Following van Manen’s (1990) hermeneutic phenomenology research methodology, five themes were found: boundaries and new frontiers, fitting in, what ‘they’ think, and who is it for (parts I and II). The research aim, to grasp the meaning of this unconventional practice from the practitioners’ perspective, was mirrored in the analysis which revealed that meaning for the participants is complex and concerns for the client as well as personal concerns were seen as fundamental to the experience. Relationships to and the presence of nature in the work were also recognised as significant and identified a tension around the unquantifiable experience of the ‘soulfulness’ of nature in the work versus the measurable elements of nature that have therapeutic benefit. The scarcity of practitioners working outdoors was attributed to a lack of indoor therapists’ understanding of the processes involved which was seen to impact upon participants’ experiences in their work outdoors. The emergent themes in this research emphasise for counselling psychology an on-going need to review therapeutic dogma, encompass the wider world in the context of therapeutic practice and expand current notions of mental health and psychopathology to engender greater pluralism in theory and practice.
3
Maxey, George F. "Geology as a Georegional Influence on Quercus Fagaceae Distribution in Denton and Coke Counties of Central and North Central Texas and Choctaw County of Southeastern Oklahoma, Using GIS as an Analytical Tool". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5144/.
Abstract (sommario):
This study elucidates the underlying relationships for the distribution of oak landcover on bedrock and soil orders in two counties in Texas and one in Oklahoma. ESRI's ArcGis and ArcMap was used to create surface maps for Denton and Coke Counties, Texas and Choctaw County, Oklahoma. Attribute tables generated in GIS were exported into a spreadsheet software program and frequency tables were created for every formation and soil order in the tri-county research area. The results were both a visual and numeric distribution of oaks in the transition area between the eastern hardwood forests and the Great Plains. Oak distributions are changing on this transition area of the South Central Plains. The sandy Woodbine and Antlers formations traditionally associated with the largest oak distribution are carrying oak coverage of approximately 31-32% in Choctaw and Denton Counties. The calcareous Blackland and Grand Prairies are traditionally associated with treeless grasslands, but are now carrying oak and other tree landcover up to 18.9%. Human intervention, including the establishment of artificial, political and social boundaries, urbanization, farming and fire control have altered the natural distribution of oaks and other landcover of this unique georegion.
4
Borg, Laura Anne. "Impact of environmental expo on eight graders' self-perceived environmental behaviors". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3218.
5
Warman, Craig S. "Understanding the spatial and temporal variation in anthropogenically induced channel response in the Irwin River catchment". University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0214.
Abstract (sommario):
The Irwin River catchment, located in the central western region of Western Australia, has been the scene of significant geomorphological change over both historical and geological timescales. This thesis focuses on the most recent of these changes, the anthropogenic imprint, through the development of a catchment-scale understanding of system behaviour. Analysis and modelling of changes in the hydrological behaviour of the system indicates that while the Irwin River has displayed a natural susceptibility to large flood events, these have been exacerbated by the widespread clearing of native vegetation throughout the catchment. As a result, when such events do occur, the catchment response is now larger, more direct and has a greater ability to cause erosion. However, the nature and detail of sediment yield processes and stream channel response varies markedly throughout the system. A series of representative channel reaches, as defined by their planform characteristics, geometry and architecture, are presented to illustrate spatial changes in stream channel behaviour. A distinct variation in river morphotypes is seen both downstream throughout the system as well as across the tributary sub-catchments of the Irwin River, Lockier River and Green Brook. This inter and intra sub-catchment variation in stream channel response can be attributed to changes in the boundary conditions and coupling mechanisms in operation throughout the Irwin River system. The pronounced spatial variability in response to human disturbance and the changing nature of catchment-scale connectivity seen in the Irwin River system differs markedly to that reported elsewhere in the literature. Appreciation of the variability in form, behaviour and evolutionary history throughout the Irwin River catchment not only provides the foundation for effective management but also contributes to a wider understanding of fluvial system behaviour. Unlike the majority of existing literature, which tends to identify and measure channel changes in a single catchment where historical variation to the sediment and discharge regime is well known, this study demonstrates the role of boundary conditions in determining the response of the fluvial system to changing environmental controls.
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Walshe, Bridget. "Driftwood, making sense of a life informed by nature". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0018/MQ51497.pdf.
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Wada, Yoshihiko. "The myth of sustainable development, the ecological footprint of Japanese consumption". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0015/NQ46441.pdf.
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Black, Manu School of Biological Earth & Environmental Sciences UNSW. "A late quaternary palaeoenvironmental investigation of the fire, climate, human and vegetation nexus from the Sydney basin, Australia". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25745.
Abstract (sommario):
It is widely believed that Australian Aboriginals utilised fire to manage various landscapes however to what extent this impacted on Australia???s ecosystems remains uncertain. The late Pleistocene/Holocene fire history from three sites within the Sydney Basin, Gooches Swamp, Lake Baraba and Kings Waterhole, were compared with archaeological and palaeoclimatic data using a novel method of quantifying macroscopic charcoal, which is presented in this study. The palynology and other palaeoecological proxies were also investigated at the three sites. The Gooches Swamp fire record appeared to be most influenced by climate and there was an abrupt increase in fire activity from the mid-Holocene perhaps associated with the onset of modern El Ni??o dominated conditions. The Kings Waterhole site also displayed an abrupt increase in charcoal at this time however there was a marked decrease in charcoal from ~3 ka. Lake Baraba similarly had displayed low levels of charcoal in the late Holocene. At both Kings Waterhole and Lake Baraba archaeological evidence suggests intensified human activity in the late Holocene during this period of lower and less variable charcoal. It is hence likely that at these sites Aboriginal people controlled fire activity in the late Holocene perhaps in response to the increased risk of large intense fires under an ENSO-dominated climate. The fire history of the Sydney Basin varies temporally and spatially and therefore it is not possible to make generalisations about pre-historic fire regimes. It is also not possible to use ideas about Aboriginal fire regimes or pre-historic activity as a management objective. The study demonstrates that increased fire activity is related to climatic variation and this is likely to be of significance under various enhanced Greenhouse scenarios. There were no major changes in the composition of the flora at all sites throughout late Pleistocene/Holocene although there were some changes in the relative abundance of different taxa. It is suggested that the Sydney Sandstone flora, which surrounds the sites, is relatively resistant to environmental changes. Casuarinaceae was present at Lake Baraba during the Last Glacial Maximum and therefore the site may have acted as a potential refugium for more mesic communities. There was a notable decline in Casuarinaceae during the Holocene at Lake Baraba and Kings Waterhole, a trend that has been found at a number of sites from southeastern Australia.
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Conradie, Petra Stefanie. "A psychological inquiry into the relationship between people and the natural environment". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52126.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (Msc)--Stellenbosch University, 2001ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There has been a growing awareness of nature among psychologists in recent years, both in terms of how psychology can contribute to the preservation of nature, and utilise its benefits for human beings. In this paper both these aspects of the human-nature relationship are explored. The sense of connectedness between people and nature appears to be the common ground between these two approaches, and it is recommended that experiential as well as cognitive elements of the relationship should be recognised. A limited qualitative pilot study was conducted with five participants of a weekend wilderness experience. All the participants were female first year psychology students. Confirming previous research, this study found that the experience of nature is highly individualised, and includes heightened self-awareness, relaxation, social relationships, spiritual elements, and a sense of connectedness to nature.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sielkundiges raak toenemend bewus van die natuur, in terme van die wyses waarop sielkunde kan bydra tot die beskerming van die omgewing, asook waarop die voordele wat dit vir die mens inhou, benut kan word. Beide aspekte van die verhouding tussen mens en natuur word in hierdie studie ondersoek. Die noue verbintenis tussen mens en natuur blyk die onderliggende faktor tot beide benaderings te wees, en dit word aanbeveel dat die eksperiënsiële sowel as kognitiewe elemente van hierdie verhouding in ag geneem moet word. 'n Beperkte kwalitatiewe loods-studie is uitgevoer met vyf deelnemers van 'n wildemes-ervaring, almal vroulike eerste-jaar sielkunde studente. In ooreenstemming met vorige navorsing het hierdie studie bevind dat die ervaring van die natuur hoogs geïndividualiseerd is, en verhoogde self-gewaarwording, ontspanning, sosiale verhoudings, spirituale elemente, en 'n sin van verbintenis aan die natuur, insluit.
10
Broxson, Bruce Vincent. "Environmental fairs: An examination of the 1999 Inland Empire Environmental EXPO". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1883.
Libri sul tema "Nature Effect of human beings on":
1
Bronislaw, Szerszynski, Heim Wallace e Waterton Claire, a cura di. Nature performed: Environment, culture and performance. Oxford: Blackwell Pub./Sociological Review, 2003.
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François, Marcel. La nature est sacrée. Tournai: Cercle Scientifique et Historique, 1987.
3
Paul, Shepard. Nature and madness. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998.
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Terrasson, F. La civilisation anti-nature. Monaco: Editions du Rocher, 1994.
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India) National Seminar on "Man-Nature Interface" (2014 Santiniketan. Man-nature interface. Kolkata: Sopan, 2016.
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Glaser, Marion. Human-nature interactions in the anthropocene: Potentials of social-ecological systems analysis. New York: Routledge, 2012.
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Fromm, Harold. The nature of being human: From environmentalism to consciousness. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008.
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Moran, Emilio F. People and nature: An introduction to human ecological relations. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006.
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Southwick, Charles H. Global ecology in human perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
10
Brokaw, Tom, Stephanie Mills e Carstensen Jeanne. In praise of nature. Washington, D.C: Island Press, 1990.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Nature Effect of human beings on":
1
Gautam, Bhanu Pratap Singh, Manjul Gondwal e Navneet Kishore. "Adverse Effect in Human Beings Associated with Excess Dietary Protein Intake". In Biomedical Applications of Natural Proteins, 115–28. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2491-4_9.
2
Sánchez Sorondo, Marcelo. "The AI and Robot Entity". In Robotics, AI, and Humanity, 173–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54173-6_14.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractRobots are instruments of the human being who is intelligent and free. Aristotle defines being free as the one that is cause of himself or exists on his own and for himself (causa sui or causa sui ipsius). By contrast, the instrument is not a cause of itself and does not work by the power of its entity, but only by the motion imparted by the principal agent, so that the effect is not likened to the instrument but to the principal agent. From the Christian perspective, for a being to be free and a cause of himself, it is necessary that he/she be a person endowed with a spiritual and incorruptible soul, on which his or her cognitive and free activity is based. An artificially intelligent robotic entity does not meet this standard. As an artefact and not a natural reality, the AI/robotic entity is invented by human beings to fulfil a purpose imposed by human beings. It can become a perfect entity that performs operations in quantity and quality more precisely than a human being, but it cannot choose for itself a different purpose from what it was programmed for by a human being. As such, the artificially intelligent robot is a means at the service of humans.
3
Fang, Wei-Ta, Arba’at Hassan e Ben A. LePage. "Environmental Literacy". In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 93–126. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4234-1_4.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractEnvironmental literacy is an abstract concept and a subjective imagination. We see that this chapter discusses environmental educationlearningmotivations, awareness and sensitivity, values and attitudes, mobilization skills, mobilization experience, environmental behavior, and aesthetic literacy in the cultivation of literacy. The above connotations of environmental literacy all need to construct the inherent goodness of human beings. We particularly hope that environmental literacy can be externalized to achieve changes in human-friendly environmental behavior. In other words, if the environmental literacy of the entire population can be strengthened, we can work together to form environmental cohesion, cultivate modern socialcitizens, generate environmental collectiveconsciousness and awareness, and then based on the eternalbelief in naturaldecision-making and environmental protection. This could promote a comfortable space and a clean home for sustainable development. Therefore, from the process that human beings can perceive and understand the environment, we have experienced the awareness of environmental changes. We need to improve environmental literacy to form the transformation of the collectivehumanconsciousnessstructure, so as to be aware of the externalenvironment, that is the learning process. If, literacy is the overall effect of a learning process, then our final collectiveenvironmental consciousness will change from thought to proper behavior. These changes will affect the stage tasks of sustainable development. Then, based on empathy and awareness of all things, we should realize the sense of responsibility and eternal value as human beings, protect nature, and accept the challenges of future environmental changes.
4
Yi, Guyi, e Ilaria Di Carlo. "Cyborgian Approach of Eco-interaction Design Based on Machine Intelligence and Embodied Experience". In Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES, 79–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_8.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe proliferation of digital technology has swelled the amount of time people spent in cyberspace and weakened our sensibility of the physical world. Human beings in this digital era are already cyborgs as the smart devices have become an integral part of our life. Imagining a future where human totally give up mobile phones and embrace nature is neither realistic nor reasonable. What we should aim to explore is the opportunities and capabilities of digital technology in terms of fighting against its own negative effect - cyber addiction, and working as a catalyst that re-embeds human into outdoor world.Cyborgian systems behave through embedded intelligence in the environment and discrete wearable devices for human. In this way, cyborgian approach enables designers to take advantages of digital technologies to achieve two objectives: one is to improve the quality of environment by enhancing our understanding of non-human creatures; the other is to encourage a proper level of human participation without disturbing eco-balance.Finally, this paper proposed a cyborgian eco-interaction design model which combines top-down and bottom-up logics and is organized by the Internet of Things, so as to provide a possible solution to the concern that technologies are isolating human and nature.
5
Scola, Card Angelo. "Taking in the Real: Human Beings and the Earth". In Protecting Nature, Saving Creation, 19–26. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137342669_3.
6
Ivanhoe, P. J. "Human Beings and Nature in Traditional Chinese Thought". In A Companion to World Philosophies, 155–64. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781405164566.ch9.
7
Nundy, Samiran, Atul Kakar e Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. "Understanding Medical Biostatistics". In How to Practice Academic Medicine and Publish from Developing Countries?, 95–116. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5248-6_10.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractVariation is a law of nature that makes this universe beautiful. In healthcare, two human beings, though genetically similar, may not respond equally to the same drug. The same drug may also have a varying response and become ineffective in an individual over a period of time. When we look at a population of individuals, variations are so prominent that no two individuals are ever exactly alike. There may be several factors for these variations among individuals which include those which are due to biological, genetic, environmental, or ecological effects [1]. Variations also occur when we sample these individuals. Moreover, variability in the observers themselves may also contribute to variations in assessment. These variations are bound to occur whatever may be the reasons and consequently lead to uncertainties in clinical practice, identification of risk factors, and policy planning.
8
Aknin, Lara B. "Revising Policy to Reflect Our Better Nature". In Human Flourishing, 71–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09786-7_5.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractGovernments should help citizens thrive, not merely survive. Doing so means alleviating stress and addressing mental illness, as well as amplifying positive experiences and emotions that allow humans to blossom and grow. But what factors support human flourishing? In this chapter, I challenge early pessimistic views of human nature as purely selfish by summarizing evidence demonstrating that humans are social and prosocial beings. Critically, I discuss how social and prosocial behavior have been repeatedly shown to promote well-being, a finding that aligns with numerous theories espousing that meaningful social connections are the essential feature to human flourishing (Ryff and Singer, Personality and Social Psychology Review 4(1):30–44, 2000). Using these insights, I suggest that institutions should revise their policies to mirror and inspire human proclivities to connect and care.
9
Steiner, Gary, e Marc Lucht. "Law and Nature: Human, Non-human, and Ecosystem Rights". In Speciesism in Biology and Culture, 127–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99031-2_7.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe major exponents of the Western philosophical tradition have long maintained a conception of rights according to which only human beings can be possessors of rights. On this view, it makes little or no sense to attribute rights to sentient non-human beings, and it makes no sense whatsoever to attribute rights to non-sentient nature. A reflection on the basic commitments motivating this conception of rights reveals that it is based not on robust rational considerations but rather on the unargued anthropocentric prejudice that specifically human forms of rationality are required for full moral status. The tradition's focus on logos leads many exponents of the tradition to exclude non-human animals from the sphere of justice altogether. Recent work in philosophy and ethology, however, has shed light on the intelligence and emotional lives of many non-human animals, and has made it necessary to rethink the moral status of non-human animals. Even more radically, environmental philosophers argue that rejecting anthropocentrism opens the door to the recognition that some even non-sentient and non-living natural phenomena deserve moral consideration and bear rights that ought to be respected. The substantial conceptual differences between ecocentrism and the animal rights approach focus attention on fundamental questions about the very conditions for moral worth and highlight our need for a more satisfactory theory of the world and the proper place of humanity within it.
10
Dagliana, Giulia, Sara Albolino, Zewdie Mulissa, Jonathan Davy e Andrew Todd. "From Theory to Real-World Integration: Implementation Science and Beyond". In Textbook of Patient Safety and Clinical Risk Management, 143–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59403-9_12.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe increasing complexity and dynamicity of our society (and world of work) have meant that healthcare systems have and continue to change and consequently the state of healthcare systems continues to assume different characteristics. The causes of mortality are an excellent example of this rapid transformation: non-communicable diseases have become the leading cause of death, according to World Health Organization (WHO) data, but at the same time there are new problems emerging such as infectious diseases, like Ebola or some forms of influenza, which occur unexpectedly or without advanced warning. Many of these new diseases diffuse rapidly through the different parts of the globe due to the increasingly interconnected nature of the world. Another example of the healthcare transformation is the innovation associated with the introduction and development of advanced communication and technology systems (such as minimally invasive surgery and robotics, transplantation, automated antiblastic preparation) at all levels of care. Consequently, the social and technical dimensions of healthcare are becoming more and more complex and provide a significant challenge for all the stakeholders in the system to make sense of and ensure high quality healthcare. These stakeholders include but are not limited to patients and their families, caregivers, clinicians, managers, policymakers, regulators, and politicians. It is an inescapable truth that Humans are always going to be part of the healthcare systems, and it is these human, who by their very nature introduce variability and complexity to the system (we do not necessarily view this as a negative and this chapter will illustrate). A microlevel a central relationship in focus is that between the clinician and the patient, two human beings, making the health system a very peculiar organization compared to similarly high-risk organizations such as aviation or nuclear energy. This double human being system [1] requires significant effort (good design) in managing unpredictability through the development of personal and organization skills, such as the ability to react positively and rapidly to unexpected events and to adopt a resilient strategy for survival and advancement. In contrast to other similar industries, in terms of level of risk and system safety, healthcare settings are still plagued by numerous errors and negative events involving humans (and other elements) at various levels within the system. The emotional involvement is very high due to the exposure to social relationships daily and results in significant challenges to address both technical and non-technical issues simultaneously.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Nature Effect of human beings on":
1
Chen, Bin, Jiayin Zhu, Yiqiang Xie, Jinglong Zhang, Shuxin Bai, Jun Chen e Xiang Li. "Study on the Philosophy "Harmony Between Human Beings and Nature" and its Effect on Solar Architecture Design". In ISES Solar World Congress 2011. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2011.17.03.
2
Şirikçi, Tuğçe. "The Effect of Wood on Japanese Architecture: The Sample of The Horyu-Ji Temple". In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 6-8 May 2020. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021tr0057n20.
Abstract (sommario):
Traditional Japanese architecture consists of natural wood, hay, earthenware, and similar types of materials. Japanese architecture has a linear structure. The main purpose of Japanese architecture is to be unified. Many of the materials used here have a higher moisture protection function than those made of plywood or spinning. The structure has a breathing mechanism that naturally preserves good air and moisture. The fact that Japan is rich in vegetation has a great effect on the formation of natural materials. There is a bond in Japanese architecture that respects the harmony between human and nature. Human beings are a part of nature. This article refers to the oldest wooden building in the world. The first world cultural heritage in Japanese architecture, and the temple of Horyu-ji, which has been standing for over 1300 years. The aim is to investigate the aesthetic, ethical awareness and ethnology of traditional wood used on Japanese architecture. While the structure and varieties of wood refer to the findings on the buildings, it is an attempt to approach the "lifestyle and values" of the wood form and structure.
3
Ranthunga, R. G. S. M., K. V. Wanigasekara e S. V. Udayakumara. "Dyeing of Cotton Fabric with a Natural Dye Extracted from Areca Concinna Peel". In ERU Symposium 2021. Engineering Research Unit (ERU), University of Moratuwa, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/eru.2021.2.
Abstract (sommario):
In modern world, most of the countries tend to use the eco-friendly concept in many industries to minimize environmental pollution [1]. Synthetic dyes that are used in the textile industry offer more unfavourable and harmful effect to human beings such as carcinogenic, health-hazardous like skin allergies, toxic etc. And also, there is no systematic way to dispose of synthetic waste in the environment. So that it can be harmful to the ecosystem [2]. Therefore, the world tends to use natural dyes instead of synthetic dyes. Natural dyes have many advantages than synthetic dyes such as non-carcinogenic, eco-friendly, non-allergic, non-hazardous to human beings, etc. Natural dyes are mainly extracted from three different sources such as minerals, plants, and insects. Among these, plants are the most abundantly used natural dye source to extract dyes [3]. The main objective of this study was to extract natural dye from areca concinna peels and use extracted dye to dyeing the cotton fabrics.
4
Silveira Dias, José. "Symbiosis Design: An Interdisciplinary Methodology". In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001370.
Abstract (sommario):
Thinking conceptually on what is tangible results in ideas that feed cycles of thought. This incremental continuum gives rise to a reflection on the current crisis of temporal dispersion.Creativity can be continuously stimulated through life-long learning. When exploring societal active methodologies within teaching and learning processes, Design is an interdisciplinary subject aided by: Artificial Intelligence in rethinking the positioning that humans conquered as conscious beings, but which underestimates nature and fails to recognize its dependency on other species; User-centered Psychotherapy and Spatial Interaction towards strategies for emotions and mind impulses which correspond to societal behaviors; Social Sciences in the context of Landscapes and Territorial Dynamics; Bionics and Mimetics reformulating technology through Nature as a model; Human Factors Engineering in the investigation of the cognitive system in the adequacy of physical and digital agents. It is projected consolidate the design of the procedural spiral in the design orientation of a methodology for the Design that leads the memory in anticipation to the retroactive effect of the knowledge that will operationalize responsible creative contents, aiming at the expansion of a remembrance against the forgetfulness of the human being to care Mother Earth.The intention to develop and validate this societal active methodology started from a model (4Xself) elaborated in the context of the PhD that, with the guidance of the respective Practical Assignments Guide, intends to guide a Symbiosis Proto-Methodology. This model was applied in 2019/20 and 2020/21 with students, and preliminary conclusions have already been reached in the scope of SPIRAL project. This project aligns with the 4th SDG on education, specifically target goal 4.7, as we aim to contribute to the SDGs defined by the UN in a transversal way with the methodology. We aspire to achieve acceptance of concepts and practices that integrate the research questions: How to create and implement a Symbiosis methodology that promotes interdisciplinary, sustainable, and ethically committed design processes? How can this methodology consolidate its meaning as a catalyst and aggregator system for acting in the Design process, guaranteeing the benefit of the agents involved?The expected outcomes of this project result from exploring different media channels to disseminate and implement Symbiosis’s proto-methodology whose expertise promote the crossing of knowledge in the respective areas and interactive practices in education, training in companies, in entrepreneurship and professionalization, ensuring the following principles: be transversal to the values and mission of the methodology for a more qualitative strategy in teaching; supporting a transition to information glocalization; reflect on Education as a learning channel for all; encourage a shared responsibility among everyone involved in the design process guaranteeing code of conduct; develop an operational methodology with and for society through Co-design and Participatory Design to better qualify individuals in society and this as a social collectively; improving training methodologies in education through interdisciplinarity and participatory learning; be enrolled in the ECO triangulation in which the Social, Economic and Ecological aspects are marked out between the poles Perception/Production and Nature/Culture in the domains of Design, Art, Science and Engineering
5
Xin, ZHAO, LI Yan, DING Li, Zhang LuDan, Zhang WenBo e Zhu ZhaoWei. "Probe into the Methods of Flight Training Based on Special Flight Environment". In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/10014.
Abstract (sommario):
With the changing nature of modern warfare, warfighters have to equip with agile fighting skills and robust psychological qualities. Only by staying calm and being unruffled when facing complicated circumstances, can they give full play to the skills learned during training or save the plane in emergencies. This article is against such background to probe into the methods of flight training based on special flight environment. 10 participants were selected in this experiment. The FSX was used and a retired FT-6 was adapted as the cockpit, the training scheme had been set out. With respect to three certain special flight environments, tasks scenes had been selected from FSX. Meanwhile, the heart rate amplitude was recorded, and the scales of state anxiety conducted before and after training were investigated. By analyzing the 10 subjects' physiological and psychological data, the conclusions had been drawn as follows: (a) the effects of training reflected more on the relief of the psychological anxiety; (b) a decline in psychological levels of anxiety had more effect on task-performing efficiency; (c) in the special fight environment, a certain degree of physiological arousal combined with a decline of anxiety had made the participants complete the tasks more successfully.
6
Durac, Livia. "Aesthetics and Creativity. Identity Configurations". In World Lumen Congress 2021, May 26-30, 2021, Iasi, Romania. LUMEN Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/wlc2021/21.
Abstract (sommario):
Reflecting on human attitude towards reality, together with deciphering the emotional code that accompanies it, has configured - in time – the aesthetic universe, open to human reflection, creation, and evaluation. Aesthetics appears through the way in which consciousness reacts and capitalises upon things in nature and society, or which belong to human subjectivity, including on artistic work, which have an effect on sensitiveness due to their harmony, balance and grandeur. As a fundamental attribute of the human being, creativity is the engine of cultural evolution, meaning the degree of novelty that man brings in his ideas, actions, and creations. Aesthetical values, together with the other types of values, contribute to what society represents and to what it can become, hence motivating human action and creation. Their role is to create a state of mind that encourages the cohesion, cooperation, and mutual understanding of the society. Integrating a chronological succession of the evolution of the concepts that objectify its structure, its aesthetics and creativity, this article stresses the synergetic nature of the two dimensions of human personality, paving the way to beauty, as a form of enchantment of the human spirit.
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Link, Samantha, Sandeep Krishnakumar e Jessica Menold. "Evaluating the Effect of Project Frame on Communicative Patterns in Capstone Design Pitches". In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-91229.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Effective communication is an integral part of engineering design and leads to successful design outcomes. While there have been extensive calls to equip novice designers with effective communication skills, there is only a limited body of work that has attempted to characterize the communication patterns of novice designers, particularly when engaging with external audiences. This work seeks to characterize how the project type, or the nature of design problem, shapes the communicative patterns of novice designers when communicating design outcomes to external audiences. Presentations of design solutions from 46 teams were collected at the end of a semester-long capstone design program. These presentations were then characterized as industry- and human-centered projects. Analysis was conducted using topic modeling and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count analysis to identify differences in linguistic patterns of novice designers between the two project types. Contrary to prior findings, no significant differences were found, implying that the communication patterns of novice designers are not affected by the type of project (or design problem being solved).
8
Alankarage, S., A. Samaraweera, J. Royle, A. Macolino, S. Robertson e AD Palihakkara. "Cultural basic assumptions of consultants and contractors during negotiations: The case of South Australian construction industry". In 10th World Construction Symposium. Building Economics and Management Research Unit (BEMRU), University of Moratuwa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2022.23.
Abstract (sommario):
Negotiations are required in every stage of a construction project. The process of negotiation involves being able to understand the position and emotions of the other side of the negotiation. A reliable means for understanding cultural basic assumptions on negotiation tactics assist in better predicting how individuals may act in a negotiation. This research aims to analyse the effect of basic assumptions of consultants and contractors on negotiations in the South Australian construction industry. This was approached through a case study research strategy, utilising semi-structured interviews with two contractors and two consultants each from three large South Australian Road projects followed by a Content Analysis. Findings reveal that both the contractors and consultants believe the nature of human relationships as collaborative and therefore view negotiations as a mean of strengthening the partnership. They negotiate openly to reach win-win outcomes. They view the nature of human nature to be good, therefore more trust and more openness to creative new ideas in negotiation planning. Respondents mostly believe the nature of the human activity to be harmonizing and are more likely to use trade-offs in reaching mutually beneficial negotiation outcomes. The knowledge created in this research will be useful for anyone preparing to negotiate within the South Australian construction industry or similar cultural setups to understand and predict how contractors and consultants would react to different situations and issues within negotiation processes and to achieve effective outcomes. Further research can study the basic assumptions of sub-contractors about negotiations.
9
RĂDULESCU, Carmen Valentina, e Sorin BURLACU. "HUMAN PRESSURE ON AIR QUALITY IN BUCHAREST". In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2019/8/05.
Abstract (sommario):
The environment is the natural space that has been transformed by humans over time. It is mostly made up of water, air, vegetation and soil. They are the elements of the natural environment in which man was born. It is already realized that each element plays an extremely important role in the formation of the natural environment. Moreover, all these elements, which make up the natural environment, are intercorrelated: the climate is influenced by relief; climate and relief determine the spread of vegetation and fauna to preserve the natural environment etc. The purpose of our research is to highlight the destructive effects of pollution under the action of the anthropic factor and to present some directions of action for a sustainable development, with an emphasis on the air quality in Bucharest. The paper mainly highlights the effects of human pressure on the air quality in Bucharest. This locality was chosen because it has the highest population density in Romania. Sustainable development involves the relation of the human being with the environment and the responsibilities of the present generation to the next generation. For the Earth to remain a living planet, human interests must be correlated with the laws of nature.
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Saunders, Benjamin O., e John P. Swensen. "A Novel Flexible Bio-Inspired Pneumatic Valve Adapter for Soft Robotic Vasculature". In ASME 2021 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2021-68296.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper proposes a novel flexible pneumatic valve adapter that seeks inspiration from vascular systems found in nature. Evolved vascular systems, such as the human cardiovascular system, pump fluid through a complex system composed of a single reservoir/pump. These systems regulate flow by systematically closing and opening valves appropriately through soft biological material constriction. The proposed pneumatic valve emulates this with two concentric flexible tubes with a single hole on the inner tube and patterned holes on the outer tube. This allows it to decrease the quantity of tubes and valves required for pneumatically actuated soft robots, with the trade-off being increased motion of the valve spool (the inner tube). Previous versions of this adapter used rigid members which decreased the number of tubes tethering the robot to a pressure source, but also hindered the soft robotic nature and movement. This adapter utilizes flexible materials to minimize the valve’s effect on the robot’s range of motion. The tubes have holes that are patterned by custom design determined by the needs of the soft robot with which it is to be used. The inner tube can be moved rotationally or translationally within the outer tube to align with designated holes to pressurize and depressurize chambers in a soft robot with only a single lightweight valve.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Nature Effect of human beings on":
1
Zhylenko, Tetyana I., Ivan S. Koziy, Vladyslav S. Bozhenko e Irina A. Shuda. Using a web application to realize the effect of AR in assessing the environmental impact of emissions source. [б. в.], novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4408.
Abstract (sommario):
Revolutionary technologies of nowadays are virtual and augmented reality. Humanity's concern for nature may be affected by their ability to combine reality with the simulated effects of human impact on the environment. An urgent task today is creating software applications to assess the impact of human activities on the environment. Recently, most scientists have been trying to model the impact of various factors on environmental change today and for decades using information technology. Visual models are very impressive and they also make a deep impression on the psychological state of the person. This forces people to use natural resources wisely. In this article we have considered the sequential process of building and implementing models for assessing the impact of pollutants from a stationary emission source. We have created a software product that helps to show visually how the emissions of a chemical plant are spreading to the surrounding city. The harmfulness to the city of the cloud into which emissions are converted can also be calculated by the program. We have implemented a number of functions responsible for emission modeling, taking into account different conditions.
2
Lafrancois, Toben, Mark Hove e Jay Glase. Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) distribution in Apostle Islands National Lakeshore: SCUBA-based search and removal efforts: 2019–2020. National Park Service, maggio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293376.
Abstract (sommario):
Invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were first observed in situ at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) in 2015. This report builds on 2018 SCUBA surveys and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) veliger sampling to: 1) determine whether shoals on APIS borders act as sentinel sites to corroborate veliger drift hypotheses about invasion pathways, 2) evaluate ongoing hand-removal of zebra mussels from easily identified structures, and 3) continue efforts to assess native unionid mussel populations, particularly where zebra mussels are also present. Standard catch per unit effort survey methods by SCUBA teams were used to determine the distribution and relative abundance of zebra or quagga mussels (dreissenids) and native mussels (unionids). Zebra mussels were present at densities between 3 and 42 n/diver/hr (number of mussels per diver per hour), while native unionids were present at densities between 5 and 72 n/diver/hr. Shoal surveys (Eagle Island shoal, Sand Island shoal, York Island shoal, Bear Island shoal, Oak Island shoal, and Gull Island shoal) showed zebra mussels were more abundant on the west side of APIS and absent on the easternmost shoal (Gull Island), corroborating veliger work by the EPA that suggested drift from the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, is one pathway of invasion. Our results support the use of shallow shoals along the periphery of the park as sentinel sites gauging zebra mussel immigration and population dynamics. Zebra mussel densities in the central islands showed no obvious spatial pattern, and this survey cannot determine whether currents or human transport (or both) are invasion vectors. Given the mussels’ continued presence at heavily used mooring areas and docks where there are no zebra mussels on nearby natural features (e.g., Rocky Island dock, Stockton Island mooring areas), our findings are consistent with multiple invasion pathways (drift from the Twin Ports and anthropogenic sources at mooring areas). SCUBA search and removal of zebra mussels from docks was confirmed to be an effective method for significantly lowering the risk of zebra mussels reproducing and dispersing from these locations. We caution that this work is being done on what look like initial invasions at low densities. Repeated removal of zebra mussels by divers reduced numbers to zero at some sites after one year (South Twin docks, Stockton Island NPS docks, and the Ottawa wreck) or decreased numbers by an order of magnitude (Rocky Island docks). Dreissenid densities were more persistent on the Sevona wreck and longer-term work is required to evaluate removal versus recruitment (local and/or veliger drift). Given the size of the wreck, we have tracked detailed survey maps to guide future efforts. Zebra mussels were again observed attached to native mussels near Stockton Island and South Twin Island. Their continued presence on sensitive native species is of concern. Native unionid mussels were more widely distributed in the park than previously known, with new beds found near Oak and Basswood Islands. The work reported here will form the basis for continued efforts to determine the optimal frequency of zebra mussel removal for effective control, as well as evaluate impacts on native species.
3
Walz, Yvonne, Florence Nick, Oscar Higuera Roa, Udo Nehren e Zita Sebesvari. Coherence and Alignment among Sustainable Land Management, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction and Nature-based Solutions. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/mwgp9896.
Abstract (sommario):
Approaches integrating environmental management practices have been gaining importance in recent years. Sustainable Land Management (SLM), Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), Ecosystem-based disaster Risk Reduction (Eco-DRR) and Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are widely applied approaches that tackle certain drivers of challenges such as food insecurity, water scarcity, decline in biodiversity and threats to livelihoods, while also considering both human well-being and ecosystem functions and services. Better understanding the similarities, differences and relationships between these approaches helps to improve efficiency in implementation and leverage synergies. By shedding more light on where these approaches align, investments in land-based solutions in response to different types of environmental challenges can be more effectively designed to achieve multiple targets. In response to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) decision 19/COP.14 paragraph 4, the main objective of this report is to understand and elaborate upon the characteristics of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. The report begins with an overview of the historical backgrounds and origins of SLM, EbA, Eco-DRR and NbS. Despite differences in their specific goals and targeted benefits, all approaches aim for the support of biodiversity, land-based ecosystems and ecosystem services and functions, and employ measures to conserve, restore and sustainably use land to support ecosystem services and functions, including SLM technologies. Furthermore, irrespective of their different goals, the projects developed under any approach can generate comparable co-benefits, especially due to their support of biodiversity. The capacity for all these approaches to deliver multiple co-benefits means that projects of each approach can directly contribute to implementing the specific goals of the other approaches as well. Thus, multiple global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions which call for the implementation of one or more of these approaches, can benefit from this report by avoiding duplication and reducing the overall investments necessary to achieve the set targets and goals. This is critical for achieving the ambitious Agenda 2030, including voluntary land degradation neutrality (LDN) targets and climate action under the Paris Agreement. It will also be the case for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework currently under development. The added value that will come from optimizing the links among these approaches extends from national policymakers to the practitioners of SLM, EbA and Eco-DRR projects, which all share the ultimate goal of sustainable development. To capture the coherence and alignment among these approaches, their similarities and differences have been summarized in a conceptual framework. The framework has been designed to help practitioners understand the specific goals of each approach, and to link these to the relevant global and national targets, frameworks, strategies and conventions, which can support monitoring and evaluation as well as reporting processes. The synergies among these approaches are further illustrated based on three case studies in order to demonstrate opportunities for leveraging multiple co-benefits and targets at implementation level irrespective of the different objectives under each. The results of this assessment demonstrate that activities under one approach can be beneficial to achieve the specific goals of other approaches with little additional effort. It is essential for policymakers, project developers and practitioners to recognize that. This is key to the achievement of sustainable development.
4
Feldman, Moshe, Eitan Millet, Calvin O. Qualset e Patrick E. McGuire. Mapping and Tagging by DNA Markers of Wild Emmer Alleles that Improve Quantitative Traits in Common Wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, febbraio 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573081.bard.
Abstract (sommario):
The general goal was to identify, map, and tag, with DNA markers, segments of chromosomes of a wild species (wild emmer wheat, the progenitor of cultivated wheat) determining the number, chromosomal locations, interactions, and effects of genes that control quantitative traits when transferred to a cultivated plant (bread wheat). Slight modifications were introduced and not all objectives could be completed within the human and financial resources available, as noted with the specific objectives listed below: 1. To identify the genetic contribution of each of the available wild emmer chromosome-arm substitution lines (CASLs) in the bread wheat cultivar Bethlehem for quantitative traits, including grain yield and its components and grain protein concentration and yield, and the effect of major loci affecting the quality of end-use products. [The quality of end-use products was not analyzed.] 2. To determine the extent and nature of genetic interactions (epistatic effects) between and within homoeologous groups 1 and 7 for the chromosome arms carrying "wild" and "cultivated" alleles as expressed in grain and protein yields and other quantitative traits. [Two experiments were successful, grain protein concentration could not be measured; data are partially analyzed.] 3. To derive recombinant substitution lines (RSLs) for the chromosome arms of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 that were found previously to promote grain and protein yields of cultivated wheat. [The selection of groups 1 and 7 tons based on grain yield in pot experiments. After project began, it was decided also to derive RSLs for the available arms of homoeologous group 4 (4AS and 4BL), based on the apparent importance of chromosome group 4, based on early field trials of the CASLs.] 4. To characterize the RSLs for quantitative traits as in objective 1 and map and tag chromosome segments producing significant effects (quantitative trait loci, QTLs by RFLP markers. [Producing a large population of RSLs for each chromosome arm and mapping them proved more difficult than anticipated, low numbers of RSLs were obtained for two of the chromosome arms.] 5. To construct recombination genetic maps of chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 and to compare them to existing maps of wheat and other cereals [Genetic maps are not complete for homoeologous groups 4 and 7.] The rationale for this project is that wild species have characteristics that would be valuable if transferred to a crop plant. We demonstrated the sequence of chromosome manipulations and genetic tests needed to confirm this potential value and enhance transfer. This research has shown that a wild tetraploid species harbors genetic variability for quantitative traits that is interactive and not simply additive when introduced into a common genetic background. Chromosomal segments from several chromosome arms improve yield and protein in wheat but their effect is presumably enhanced when combination of genes from several segments are integrated into a single genotype in order to achieve the benefits of genes from the wild species. The interaction between these genes and those in the recipient species must be accounted for. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for some of the disappointing results that have historically obtained when using wild species as donors for crop improvement and provide a strategy for further successes.