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Articoli di riviste sul tema "National Wholesale Druggists' Association"
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Catizone, Carmen A. "Counterfeit Drugs and States’ Efforts to Combat the Problem". Journal of Pharmacy Practice 19, n. 3 (giugno 2006): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190006292948.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
State boards of pharmacy strive to reshape state regulation of wholesale distributors to maintain the security and integrity of the US medication distribution system. Despite being faced with a complicated situation of illegal importation of drugs, erosion of state and national borders, and a complete disregard for US federal and state laws by entities engaged in the production and distribution of counterfeit drugs, the National Association of State Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) and state boards of pharmacy are working to develop and implement more stringent laws and regulations for the licensure and regulation of wholesale distributors. In citing incidences of counterfeit drugs from a global perspective and efforts that NABP has taken to implement the Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1988, this discussion will highlight NABP’s recent efforts to monitor counterfeit and adulterated drugs entering the US drug distribution system, recommendations emanating from NABP’s Task Force on Counterfeit Drugs and Pedigree Requirements, and its Verified-Accredited Wholesale Distributors program.
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Carroll, Ben. "Removing the State Opt-Out for Demand Response". Michigan Journal of Environmental & Administrative Law, n. 11.2 (2022): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.11.2.removing.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In 1935, Congress enacted the Federal Power Act. The Act split jurisdiction over electricity generation and distribution between the Federal and state governments. The Act delegated to the Federal government jurisdiction over interstate wholesales and interstate transmission. The Act gave state governments jurisdiction over intrastate wholesales, intrastate transmission, generation, local distribution, and retail sales. Big, vertically-integrated monopoly utilities dominated the market before and for 60 years after the passage of the Act. However, over time, changes in technology and policy in the wholesale market eroded the dominance of those vertically-integrated monopoly utilities and complicated this jurisdictional bright line. In 2011, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) issued Order 745, requiring wholesale markets to permit demand response to operate on equal footing to traditional sources of generation. Unlike typical electricity generation, demand response involves paying consumers for a commitment not to consume electricity at a certain time. The Supreme Court sustained that Order in the 2016 case FERC v. Electric Power Supply Association. The Order allowed states to opt out of FERC’s demand response rules. This Note advocates for the removal of that state opt-out, analyzes its likely success against court challenges, and explores the possible limits of FERC jurisdiction after the 2020 case National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners v. FERC. If demand response reaches its full potential, it could provide as much electricity as hundreds of peak power plants. Removing the opt-out and integrating all possible demand response resources into the wholesale market is particularly timely and important given its potential to alleviate the economic and human toll from widespread blackouts such as the February 2021 Texas power system failure.
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Jha, Nisha, Bibechan Thapa, Samyam Bickram Pathak, Sajala Kafle, Anish Mudvari e Pathiyil Ravi Shankar. "Availability of access, watch, and reserve (AWaRe) group of antibiotics in community pharmacies located close to a tertiary care hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal". PLOS ONE 18, n. 11 (20 novembre 2023): e0294644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294644.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction The access, watch, and reserve (AWaRe) classification of antibiotics was developed in 2019 by the WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines as a tool to support antibiotic stewardship efforts at local, national, and global levels. The objectives of this study were to assess the availability of antibiotics as per WHO AWaRe classification at community pharmacies located around a tertiary care hospital in Lalitpur and to compare these antibiotics with the national essential medicine list of Nepal. Method The cross-sectional study was conducted at community pharmacies located within a two-kilometer radius of a teaching hospital from August to November 2022. A total of 82 community pharmacies registered with the Nepal Chemist and Druggists Association and the Department of Drug Administration were studied. Data was collected using a standard proforma containing the names of the antibiotics classified as per the WHO’s AWaRe classification. Results Access group of antibiotics, Ampicillin, (82;100%), Amoxycillin, (82;100%), Flucloxacillin, (82;100%), and Metronidazole, (82;100%) were available in all community pharmacies. Results from the watch group showed that Azithromycin, (80; 97.6%) was available in all pharmacies followed by Cefixime, (80; 97.6%), Ciprofloxacin, (73; 89%), Levofloxacin, (74; 90.2%)and Ofloxacin, (74; 90.2%). Linezolid, (24; 29.3%) was the most common antibiotics available from the reserve group of antibiotics. Colistin was the second commonly available antibiotic. The most available antibiotic from the not recommended group were Ampicillin/Cloxacillin (82; 100%), followed by Piperacillin/Sulbactam, (39; 47.6%). There were differences in the classification of antibiotics between the WHO AWaRe list and the Essential Medicines list of Nepal in terms of numbers of antibiotics listed. Conclusion Antibiotics from the not recommended and reserve groups were commonly available in community pharmacies. The implementation of antibiotic guidelines should be emphasized along with strict monitoring of the sale of antibiotics without a prescription in community pharmacy settings.
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Shen, Cheng-Ting, Hui-Min Hsieh, Yun-Shiuan Chuang, Chih-Hong Pan e Ming-Tsang Wu. "Breast Cancer Incidence among Female Workers by Different Occupations and Industries: A Longitudinal Population-Based Matched Case–Control Study in Taiwan". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 16 (19 agosto 2022): 10352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610352.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer incidence worldwide and in Taiwan. The relationship between breast cancer and occupational types remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate lifetime breast cancer incidence by different occupational industries among female workers in Taiwan. Methods: A population-based retrospective case–control study was conducted using three nationwide population-based databases. Matched case and control groups were identified with 1-to-4 exact matching among 103,047 female workers with breast cancer diagnosed in 2008–2017 and those without breast cancer. Their lifetime labor enrollment records were tracked using the National Labor Insurance Database, 1950–2017. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the association between types of occupational industries and risk of incident breast cancer. Results: Our study found slightly significant breast cancer risk among the following major occupational classifications: manufacturing (OR: 1.027, 95% CI: 1.011–1.043); wholesale and retail trade (OR: 1.068, 95% CI: 1.052–1.084); information and communication (OR: 1.074, 95% CI: 1.043–1.105); financial and insurance activities (OR: 1.109, 95% CI: 1.086–1.133); real estate activities (OR: 1.050, 95% CI: 1.016–1.085); professional, scientific, and technical activities (OR: 1.118, 95% CI: 1.091–1.145); public administration, defense, and social security (OR: 1.054, 95% CI: 1.023–1.087), education (OR: 1.199, 95% CI: 1.168–1.230); and human health and social work activities (OR: 1.125, 95% CI: 1.096–1.156). Conclusions: Greater percentages of industrial occupations (i.e., manufacturing, wholesale and retail, or health professionals) were associated with slightly increased breast cancer risk. Further studies should investigate the possible risk factors among female workers in those industries with slightly higher incidence of breast cancer.
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Smyrnova, Ksenia. "A Comparative Analysis of the Collective Dominance Definition in Ukrainian and European Law – the Electricity Market Case". Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies 9, n. 14 (2016): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1689-9024.yars.2016.9.14.5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper follows a comparative approach to the analysis of collective dominance doctrine and practice in the EU and the enforcement practice in Ukraine. The aim of this paper is to assess the compliance of the Ukrainian competition authority’s (AMCU) analysis of the national electricity market with EU law enforcement practice. The latter arises from Ukraine’s wider duty to fulfil its international law obligation to comply with EU competition rules, based on Article 18 of the Treaty establishing the Energy Community also taking into account the interpretative criteria developed in EU case law (according to Article 94 of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU). Article 255 of the Association Agreement, which clearly provides for the use of the principle of transparency, non-discrimination and neutrality when complying with the procedures of fairness, justice and the right of defence, also illustrates the necessity of carrying out research in this field. The paper examines notions such as: the dominance doctrine, market power definition, economic strength and collective dominance in the EU enforcement practice. Special attention is placed on enforcement practice in the electricity market. Since the scrutinised market inquiry constitutes the first investigation into the Ukrainian electricity market, there is no national practice on this issue yet. For this reason, the analysis follows a wide comparative approach towards the principles of collective dominance in the electricity market in Ukraine. The paper concludes that the AMCU’s approach to the regulation of the electricity market in Ukraine confirms the necessity to reform the system of state regulation in the wholesale electricity market and in the market of services for electricity transmission. In order to develop competition in the electricity market, it is also necessary to change the system for tariff and pricing policy formation on the part of the National Energy and Utilities Regulatory Commission of Ukraine and the Ministry of Energy and Coal-Mining Industry of Ukraine. Stressed is also the necessity to follow the approach and criteria of EU competition law with regard to the determination of market dominance. This requirement is stipulated by Ukraine’s international legal obligations arising from Articles 18 and 94 of the Treaty establishing the Energy Community and Article 255 of the Association Agreement between the EU and Ukraine.
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Brieger, William R., Frederick O. Oshiname e Ganiyu A. Oke. "The Role of Community Health Workers in the Management of Essential Drugs". International Quarterly of Community Health Education 15, n. 4 (gennaio 1995): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4qm8-9e40-tjvq-y42m.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The ability to provide essential drugs not only fulfills part of the primary health care (PHC) duties of the community health worker (CHW), but also helps legitimize the role of the CHW in the community. Essential drugs are often routed through relatively inefficient government structures before reaching the CHW, thus creating problems of regular supplies and timely distribution. Few examples are said to exist where CHWs take charge of essential drug programs to the fullest: planning, purchasing, and maintaining their own stocks. An association of CHWs in Were Nigeria has been doing just that since 1986–87. Self-assessment of this scheme was stimulated by several factors including rising wholesale prices and subsequent community member reluctance to pay for medicines. In addition, the local government had begun its own CHW training in line with national PHC guidelines and priorities. It became possible to examine the two systems side by side. The main variable used to determine system functioning was whether CHWs had replenished their village drug box stocks in the previous year. Among five factors tested, group (Were CHW association member or local government trainee) sex, age, residence (town or hamlet), and perceived willingness to pay by villagers, only group was shown to be significantly associated with stock replenishment purchases. Most (63%) of the independent Idere group had replenished their stocks compared to 35 percent of local government CHWs. Cultural factors such as elders' predisposition to provide free service to those in need were also identified. The Idere association used this information to suggest ways of improving supervision, support, and purchasing so as to strengthen their service to the community.
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Li, Gen, Robert E. Freundlich, Rajnish K. Gupta, Christina J. Hayhurst, Chi H. Le, Barbara J. Martin, Matthew S. Shotwell e Jonathan P. Wanderer. "Postoperative Pulmonary Complications’ Association with Sugammadex versus Neostigmine: A Retrospective Registry Analysis". Anesthesiology 134, n. 6 (17 marzo 2021): 862–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000003735.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade related to nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents may be associated with pulmonary complications. In this study, the authors sought to determine whether sugammadex was associated with a lower risk of postoperative pulmonary complications in comparison with neostigmine. Methods Adult patients from the Vanderbilt University Medical Center National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database who underwent general anesthesia procedures between January 2010 and July 2019 were included in an observational cohort study. In early 2017, a wholesale switch from neostigmine to sugammadex occurred at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. The authors therefore identified all patients receiving nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockades and reversal with neostigmine or sugammadex. An inverse probability of treatment weighting propensity score analysis approach was applied to control for measured confounding. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, determined by retrospective chart review and defined as the composite of the three postoperative respiratory occurrences: pneumonia, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and unplanned intubation. Results Of 10,491 eligible cases, 7,800 patients received neostigmine, and 2,691 received sugammadex. A total of 575 (5.5%) patients experienced postoperative pulmonary complications (5.9% neostigmine vs. 4.2% sugammadex). Specifically, 306 (2.9%) patients had pneumonia (3.2% vs. 2.1%), 113 (1.1%) prolonged mechanical ventilation (1.1% vs. 1.1%), and 156 (1.5%) unplanned intubation (1.6% vs. 1.0%). After propensity score adjustment, the authors found a lower absolute incidence rate of postoperative pulmonary complications over time (adjusted odds ratio, 0.91 [per year]; 95% CI, 0.87 to 0.96; P < .001). No difference was observed on the odds of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients receiving sugammadex in comparison with neostigmine (adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.22; P = 0.468). Conclusions Among 10,491 patients at a single academic tertiary care center, the authors found that switching neuromuscular blockade reversal agents was not associated with the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications. Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New
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Sheveleva, Galina. "Investment Appeal of Modern Electric Power Generating Companies". Bulletin of Baikal State University 31, n. 3 (22 ottobre 2021): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2021.31(3).314-320.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nowadays, the conditions for the further reforming of Russian electric power industry and developing its generating companies are changing. However, the problems of attracting investments into this sphere and increasing the investment appeal of the involved companies remain unsolved. The purpose of the research is to assess the investment appeal of the modern wholesale and territorial companies generating electric power, mainly for portfolio investors. The assessment was primarily conducted using the method of financial ratios, taking into consideration the approach used by A. Zaporozhan, A. Petrova and M. Kalvarskaya for assessing investment appeal of generating companies at the initial stage of the reforming of Russian electric power sector. Specific amendments to this approach are suggested. These amendments concern the increase of the number of the assessed objective financial indicators and specification of their content. Componentwise ranking of companies according to their investment appeal was conducted. It allowed the author to identify leaders and outsiders. One can observe comparability of the obtained results with the assessment of the investment appeal of generating companies as far as the quality of their corporate management is concerned, conducted by the center for corporate development ТopCompetence, Association of Independent Directors and National Research University «Higher School of Economics».
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Hasting, Rachel L., Therese N. Hanvold, Suzanne L. Merkus, Petter Kristensen e Ingrid S. Mehlum. "O1E.3 Evaluation of the norwegian agreement on a more inclusive working life: sickness absence in individuals with musculoskeletal and psychological diagnoses". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (aprile 2019): A11.1—A11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.29.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ObjectivesThe Norwegian Agreement on a More Inclusive Working Life (the IW Agreement) was introduced in 2001 amid efforts to reduce sickness absence (SA) and increase work participation. Little research has been done on the effects of this agreement. The study’s aim was to compare SA before and after introduction of the IW Agreement.MethodsData from several national registries involving 115,119 individuals born in Norway 1967–1976 was used. Individuals were classified using ICPC-2 codes into musculoskeletal (code L) and mental health (code P) diagnosis groups. A difference-in-differences method using logistic regression was used to compare the difference in one year risk of SA lasting >16 days in individuals working in IW companies relative to non-IW companies in 2000 and 2005. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, and industry. Standard errors were clustered at the individual level and average marginal effects were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Gender and industry specific models were also estimated.ResultsThere was no significant association between the IW Agreement and risk of SA in the overall musculoskeletal diagnosis group (-0.4 percentage points (PP), CI -0.9,0.1), but women had significantly lower risk of SA (-0.8 PP, CI -1.5,-0.1). There was no association between the IW Agreement and risk of SA in the mental health diagnosis group (overall: 0.0 PP, CI -0.3,0.3). Significant associations were found in the electricity (males: 5.2 PP, CI 0.4,10.0) and wholesale/retail sectors (females: -4.9 PP, CI -8.9,-1.0) for musculoskeletal diagnoses, and in the financial/real estate sector (overall: 1.6 PP, CI 0.2,2.9, females: 3.1 PP, CI 0.2,5.9) for mental health diagnoses.ConclusionsWomen in companies with an IW Agreement had a significant reduction in one year risk of SA for musculoskeletal diagnoses. Gender and industry may modify the association between the IW Agreement and SA in musculoskeletal and mental health diagnoses.
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Hernández, Crisanto Tenopala, Elizabeth Montiel Huerta e Sandra Karina Saldaña Conde. "Risk Management and Performance of the MIPyMES in the Commerce Sector in the State of Tlaxcala". European Journal of Business and Management Research 8, n. 1 (14 gennaio 2023): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.1.1684.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A diagnosis is presented on how the micro, small and medium-sized companies (MSMEs) of Tlaxcala, from the commerce sector, manage business risks, a scheme of a management model is proposed of risks that help improve performance during your first 5 years of life and because of its permanence in the market, the commercial sector was chosen wholesalers and retailers because statistics indicate that it is the sector with the highest mortality rate, for which an investigation was carried out experimental cross-sectional type in order to identify the factors of risk that impact on a low performance in MSMEs and that could cause premature death. The universe of micro, small and medium enterprises dedicated to wholesale and retail trade was reviewed and registered in the National Institute of Statistics, Geography, and Informatics (INEGI) of the state of Tlaxcala, which allowed calculating the size of the sample, which was 382 companies, which had to be selected through a non-probabilistic sampling, however, thanks to the collaboration of the businessmen, the instrument was applied to 511 companies. With the IBM SPSS STATISTICS 24 software, the hypothesis test was carried out for the correlational analysis of the association between the types of risks and the performance variables related to sales growth and annual earnings and growth in the number of workers. The results allowed identifying the elements of the scheme of a risk management model.
Libri sul tema "National Wholesale Druggists' Association"
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Associa, National Wholesale Druggists'. Proceedings of the National Wholesale Druggists Association in Convention at New York City ... October 3 To 7 1905. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2021.
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Abbott & Morgan Breed. Digest of National and State Food Laws: Comp. for National Wholesale Grocers' Association of the United States. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2023.
Cerca il testo completoCapitoli di libri sul tema "National Wholesale Druggists' Association"
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Woods, Rebecca J. H. "A Universal Type". In The Herds Shot Round the World. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469634661.003.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter addresses the wholesale exportation of Hereford cattle to North and South America, Australia, and New Zealand in the 1870s as part of a concerted effort to feed Britons with “British” meat bred and raised abroad, and returned to the metropole as frozen meat. In their enthusiasm to profit from foreign demand for British stock, Hereford breeders allowed their (quasi-)colonial competitors to establish their own reservoirs of the breed’s genetic potential. After American breeders severed ties with their British counterparts over the lack of stringency in English pedigrees, these two branches of the bovine family tree developed in isolation. While English Herefords increasingly gained status as a national breed, shedding their regional association with the county of Hereford for a perceived Britishness, Herefords in America became a new, quasi-colonial “native” breed, much like New Zealand’s Corriedale breed of sheep.