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Articoli di riviste sul tema "National parks"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 4 marzo 2023

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1

García-Melón, Mónica, Tomás Gómez-Navarro e Silvia Acuña-Dutra. "AN ANP APPROACH TO ASSESS THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TOURIST STRATEGIES FOR THE COASTAL NATIONAL PARKS OF VENEZUELA / VENESUELOS PAKRANTĖS NACIONALINIŲ PARKŲ DARNAUS TURIZMO STRATEGIJŲ VERTINIMAS ATP METODU". Technological and Economic Development of Economy 16, n. 4 (31 dicembre 2010): 672–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2010.41.

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Decision‐making for sustainable development involves high levels of uncertainty. In the present paper a study about sustainable management of tourism in national parks is presented. A case study approach is applied to coastal national parks (NP) in Venezuela. Tourism can contribute to the sustainability of national parks but currently it is their main cause of environmental impact. The Government of Venezuela and its natural park managers are therefore looking for new sustainable tourism development strategies. To help managers in making decisions about NP sustainability a new multicriteria approach based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique is proposed. ANP provides a more realistic approach for modelling complex situations such as decision making for sustainable tourism management because ANP allows the general study of the quantitative and qualitative explanatory variables and the incorporation of feedback and interdependence relationships among variables. A case study has been carried out with the help of two experts closely related to the 12 coastal NP analyzed and 8 stakeholders of “Los Roques” national park who provided most of the information needed. Santrauka Priimant darnios plėtros sprendimus kyla labai daug neapibrėžtumų. Straipsnyje pateikta darnios nacionalinių parkų turizmo vadybos analizė. Straipsnio tyrimo objektas – Venesuelos pakrantės nacionaliniai parkai. Turizmas gali prisidėti prie nacionalinių parkų darnos didinimo, tačiau šiuo metu jam būdingas tiesiog didelis poveikis aplinkai. Todėl Venesuelos Vyriausybe ir gamtos parku vadovai ieško naujų darnaus turizmo plėtros strategijų. Nacionalinių parkų vadovams straipsnio autoriai siūlo taikyti daugiakriteriniais metodais sukurtą analitinio tinklo proceso (ATP) techniką. Jis padėtų vadovams priimti su nacionaliniu parkų darną susijusius sprendimus. ATP leidžia tikroviškiau modeliuoti tokias sudėtingas situacijas, kaip sprendimų priėmimas darnaus turizmo vadyboje, nes su ATP įmanoma ištirti kiekybinius ir kokybinius kintamuosius, galima įdiegti grįžtamąjį ryši ir tarpusavio ryšius tarp kintamųjų. Ištirtas “Los Roques” nacionalinis parkas. Tyrime dalyvavo ekspertai ir minėto parko darbuotojai, kurie suteikė dauguma reikalingos informacijos.

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2

Tangley, Laura. "Beyond National Parks". BioScience 38, n. 3 (marzo 1988): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310445.

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3

Parris, Thomas M. "Exploring National Parks". Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 41, n. 5 (giugno 1999): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139159909604630.

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4

Steers, J. A., William S. Lacey e Alan Hamilton. "Britain's National Parks". Geographical Journal 151, n. 2 (luglio 1985): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/633540.

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5

Cochrane, Janet. "Indonesian national parks". Annals of Tourism Research 33, n. 4 (ottobre 2006): 979–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.03.018.

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6

Dong, Qian, Bo Zhang, Xiaomei Cai e Alastair M. Morrison. "Do Local Residents Support the Development of a National Park? A Study from Nanling National Park Based on Social Impact Assessment (SIA)". Land 10, n. 10 (28 settembre 2021): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101019.

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Over the past five years, the pilot establishment of national parks in China has been a major event in global biodiversity conservation. The national parks under construction and proposed account for nearly 1% of the land area, and their social impacts have attracted the attention of researchers and managers. However, most of the research has a focus on the effects of protection, and national parks do not have a sufficient understanding of the social impacts and perceptions of the local residents. This research, taking Nanling National Park in Guangdong Province as the case, used the social impact assessment research framework to explore the perceptions and support of local people for the creation of national parks. Through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, the findings were first that most residents expressed a low awareness of Nanling National Park’s development, but they still expressed conditional support. Second, ethnic minorities and less educated residents did not support the creation of national parks. Perceptions of ecological, economic, political, and cultural impacts affected whether residents supported the construction of national parks. In the initial stages of national park development, governmental administrative departments should reduce the negative impacts of national park construction by strengthening the publicity and awareness building, formulating appropriate policy guidance for different needs, and giving local residents the right to express their views, so as to enhance resident support for national park projects.

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Musakwa, Walter, Trynos Gumbo, Gaynor Paradza, Ephraim Mpofu, Nesisa Analisa Nyathi e Ntlakala B. Selamolela. "Partnerships and Stakeholder Participation in the Management of National Parks: Experiences of the Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe". Land 9, n. 11 (22 ottobre 2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110399.

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National parks play an important role in maintaining natural ecosystems which are important sources of income and livelihood sustenance. Most national parks in Southern Africa are managed by their states. Before 2007, Gonarezhou National Park was managed by the Zimbabwe Parks Management and Wildlife Authority, which faced challenges in maintaining its biodiversity, community relations and infrastructure. However, in 2017 the Frankfurt Zoological Society and the Zimbabwe Parks Management and Wildlife Authority formed an innovative partnership under the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust (GCT). This study examines the relationship between GCT management, Gonarezhou National Park stakeholders and communities as well as the impact of the relationship on biodiversity and ecosystems. The study also highlights challenges faced and lessons learned in managing Gonarezhou as a protected area. To obtain the information, key informant interviews, Landsat satellite imagery, secondary data from previous studies and government sources were utilized. The results indicate that the concerted efforts of the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust to manage the park are starting to bear fruit in improving biodiversity conservation, ecosystem management and engaging communities. However, challenges such as governance obstacles, problematic stakeholder management, maintaining trust in community relations, ensuring sustainability, managing the adverse impacts of climate change and human-wildlife conflicts must still be navigated to ensure the park’s sustainable management. Notwithstanding challenges, we argue that a partnership arrangement such as the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust is a desirable model that can be applied in national parks in Zimbabwe and Africa for better biodiversity management and tourism.

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HAHINA, Natallia V., Elena I. GALAI, Duman T. ALIASKAROV, Yerкin A. TOKPANOV e Zhansulu INKAROVA. "ECOLOGICAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE NATIONAL PARKS OF BELARUS". GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 44, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2022): 1216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.44405-937.

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The article is devoted to the development of ecological tourism in the national parks of Belarus. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic scientific approach, comparative geographical, cartographic, expert assessment methods. As a result of the research, the data on environmental requirements for ecological tourism organisation in the national parks of the Republic of Belarus such as state environmental institutions "National Park "Narochansky", "National Park "Braslav Lakes", "National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha", "National Park "Pripyatsky" are systematized. Landscape features of the national park’s territories are considered as a factor determining the direction of ecotourism activities. The analysis of ecotourism infrastructure development, innovativeness and complexity of the offered tourist services is given. Prospective directions of development of domestic and international inbound ecological tourism in the national parks of Belarus are substantiated.

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Wang, Ting, e Teiji Watanabe. "Introducing Management Actions to Unmanaged Campsites in Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan: A Discussion Based on a Reservation System in Taiwan’s National Parks". Land 11, n. 3 (24 febbraio 2022): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030337.

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A limit on use is often practiced overnight in mountain national parks to reduce users’ environmental impact on campgrounds and cabins or huts, where they spend most of their time. This study aims to propose an appropriate management system to mitigate the problems observed in Daisetsuzan National Park’s unmanaged campsites. We looked into three mountain national parks in Taiwan to learn about an established campground reservation system. We collected information on campgrounds and cabins in these three national parks through a literature review and internet surveys. The distribution of campgrounds and cabins was mapped using ArcMap 10.8.1. They effectively reduced the distance between adjacent campgrounds and controlled each campground’s area. This was done by tolerating some informal sites among online reservable campgrounds. The results of the interview surveys with the three park managers showed that the reservation system helped reduce the crowding problem. Introducing a lenient reservation system, with the support of related stakeholders and park users, would be a promising option to mitigate soil erosion and overuse problems in campsites in Daisetsuzan National Park’s alpine zone and in other campsites in fragile environments worldwide.

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Wescott, Geoffrey Charles. "Australia's Distinctive National Parks System". Environmental Conservation 18, n. 4 (1991): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002258x.

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Australia possesses a distinctive national parks and conservation reserves system, in which it is the State Governments rather than the Federal Government which owns, plans, and manages, national parks and other conservation reserves.Most Australian States declared their first national parks in the latter quarter of last century, Australia's first national park being declared in New South Wales in March 1879. These critical declarations were followed by a slow accumulation of parks and reserves through to 1968. The pace of acquisition then quickened dramatically with an eight-fold expansion in the total area of national parks between 1968 and 1990, at an average rate of over 750,000 ha per annum. The present Australian system contains 530 national parks covering 20.18 million hectares or 2.6% of the land-mass. A further 28.3 million hectares is protected in other parks and conservation reserves. In terms of the percentage of their land-mass now in national parks, the leading States are Tasmania (12.8%) and Victoria (10.0%), with Western Australia (1.9%) and Queensland (2.1%) trailing far behind, and New South Wales (3.92%) and South Australia (3.1%) lying between.The Australian system is also compared with the Canadian and USA systems. All three are countries of widely comparable cultures that have national parks covering similar percentage areas, but Canada and the USA have far fewer national parks than Australia and they are in general of much greater size. In addition, Canada and the USA ‘resource’ these parks far better than the Australians do theirs. The paper concludes that Australia needs to rationalize its current system by introducing direct funding, by the Federal Government, of national park management, and duly examining the whole system of reserves from a national rather than States' viewpoint.

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Mohamad Bukhori, Mohamad Fhaizal, Rohaiza Daud, Christharina S. Gintoron, Mohamad Razif Othman, Muhamad Ikhwan Idris, Roberta Chaya Tawie Tingga, Mohd Aminudin Mustapha e Maybellin Boon Ling Goh. "Brief Documentation of Ecosystem in Kubah, Bako, and Santubong National Park, Sarawak". Trends in Undergraduate Research 5, n. 2 (20 dicembre 2022): a1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.4354.2022.

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The state of Sarawak is blessed with vast wilderness and thriving wildlife (Abu Bakar et al., 2016). The state has a flourishing biodiversity, ecology, and environment, packed with amazing national parks, which are world-renowned. The parks are home to lush tropical rainforests and peculiar wildlife, all of which can be found in natural parks such as Kubah, Bako, and Santubong National Park. This documentation was briefly notes biodiversity, ecology, and environment-related information in the exceptionally rich ecosystems of flora and fauna of these national parks.The documentation was aimed at observing and documenting the ecosystem in Kubah, Bako and Santubong National Parks to assess future needs for ecosystem and education for a sustainable future. The documentation is also targeted at creating awareness on ecosystem and education, inspiring sustainable development goals, studying the selected flora and fauna of the area, and boosting the academic, research, and development value. Multiple perspectives for biodiversity, ecology, and environment of the parks such as scientific, historical, geography, values, cultural, and sustainability (Tan et al., 2009) are significant in the forming of a valuable framework for sustainable development. The outcome of the observation comprised a basic discovery of the mangrove ecosystem, pitcher plant, plant-animal interaction, and invertebrates in the parks. These have enabled the short and basic research documentation from the park’s ecosystem as well as presentation where valuable findings were shared.

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Mantell, Michael, Daniel H. Janzen e F. William Burley. "Can National Parks Survive?" BioScience 36, n. 8 (settembre 1986): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310144.

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13

Brotherton, Ian. "Were National parks inevitable?" Landscape Research 11, n. 3 (dicembre 1986): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426398608706210.

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14

Ferguson, Murray P. "National parks for Scotland?" Scottish Geographical Magazine 104, n. 1 (aprile 1988): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00369228818736727.

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Chauhan, Sumi K. "National Parks Vs Natives". Tourism Recreation Research 10, n. 1 (gennaio 1985): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02508281.1985.11014372.

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Pizzichini, Lucia, Valerio Temperini e Gian Luca Gregori. "Place branding and local food souvenirs: the ethical attributes of national parks’ brands". Journal of Place Management and Development 13, n. 2 (19 marzo 2020): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-06-2019-0043.

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Purpose This paper aims to identify what ethical attributes tourists associate with national parks’ brands shown on food souvenir labels and the influence of such attributes on purchase motivations. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory study was carried out involving a total of 102 Italian tourists, who were interviewed at two different souvenir shops in Italy. Respondents were first asked to describe what images and values they were associating with the visited Italian National Park. The second level of questions related to the association of food products with national parks and the purchase motivations of food products branded with the national park’s label. The ethical attributes associated with the national parks’ brands and their relevance in purchase motivations were detected and analyzed through content analysis. Findings The analysis of the national park brand allows highlighting the food souvenir role in communicating ethical values that influence the perceived quality of food as well as tourists’ purchase motivations. The analysis reveals interesting implications for the enhancement of local productions in tourist destinations, more specifically, how the place brand can act as a valuable communication tool. Particular attention is given to the crucial role that national parks’ brands play in strengthening the value proposition of small businesses located within parks. This vision must be implemented from the perspective of mutual promotion of local food and tourism in these parks. Originality/value The results of this paper contributed to the literature by filling the gap regarding the role of place brands in promoting food souvenirs.

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17

Tian, Yunxi, Haidong Ning, Hongqian Ren, Jianjun Liu, Kai Wang e Bo Hong. "National Fitness Evaluation of Urban Parks in the National Ecological Garden City: A Case Study in Baoji, China". Land 11, n. 6 (11 giugno 2022): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060889.

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Urban parks are important places for residents to engage in physical activity (PA). Properly designed fitness facilities play a positive role in the PA level of park users. We conducted a quantitative evaluation of urban park systems based on the revised Chinese version of ParkScore (RCPS) from the perspective of national fitness. Baoji, one of the first National Ecological Garden Cities (NEGCs), was selected as a case study. We analyzed 19 parks and found that comprehensive parks and sports parks obtained high evaluation scores. The area of fitness facilities in Baoji urban parks was low, with an average of 1.85 hm2 per park. Professional sports venues and multifunctional sports venues each accounted for about one-third and children’s activity venues for about a quarter. There were many national fitness stations, but they covered a small area. Only 16% of parks had fitness trails, which was the least represented type of fitness facility. About 40% of the parks had children’s activity venues, with a 1:2 ratio of PA venue to amusement area. The area of free open venues accounted for only 0.1% of the total area of the parks. The number of parks per capita was about 52% of the overall NEGCs, accessibility of 500 m was 34%, and of 1000 m was about 54%. Overall, we found that the supply of Baoji urban parks was insufficient. These results directly reflect differences among fitness facilities in urban parks and can help form a quantitative basis for the optimization of urban park systems and advance the national fitness plan and promote public health.

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Glenn, Susan, Brian Chapman, Rebecca Rudman e Ian Butler. "Biogeography of Mammals in Rocky Mountain National Parks". UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 15 (1 gennaio 1991): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1991.2953.

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The equilibrium theory of island biogeography proposes that on an island of a given area, there exists an equilibrium number of species when the rates of immigration and local extinction of species are equal (MacArthur and Wilson 1967). This theory has been applied to park systems because parks may act as functional islands when surrounding unprotected land is cleared of natural vegetation. Alteration of these surrounding habitats isolates these parks and reduces the effective area, causing a decrease in the equilibrium number of species. In animal communities, this process is called faunal collapse (Soule et al. 1979).The effects of park isolation and faunal collapse have been studied for mammals in Rocky Mountain parks (Picton 1979, Newmark 1986, Glenn and Nudds 1989). In western U.S. parks, extinctions were more numerous in smaller or older parks (Newmark 1987). Area, topographic diversity, and habitat diversity have been correlated with mammal species richness in western North American parks (Picton 1979, Newmark 1986). Initial population size was also related to the extinction probability of a species (Newmark 1986). It has been proposed that all parks in a region are subject to similar factors influencing local extinctions, and therefore a similar suite of species should become locally extinct in all parks (Patterson and Atmar 1986, Patterson 1987). This means that a nested subset pattern is produced, where parks with low species richness contain mainly species already present in parks with high species richness. This pattern was not found for Canadian parks, where even small parks contained different species assemblages (Glenn 1990). The objectives of this three-year study are to: (i) identify mammal species that have become locally extinct in each of the Rocky Mountain National Parks; (ii) distinguish between hypotheses regarding the causes of these local extinctions in National Parks; (iii) determine if the same species become locally extinct in all parks; and (iv) identify potential sites for future protection of species prone to extinction.

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Kőszegi, Margit, Alena Gessert, Janetta Nestorová-Dická, Péter Gruber e Zsolt Bottlik. "Social assessment of national parks through the example of the Aggtelek National Park". Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 71, n. 2 (30 giugno 2022): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15201/hungeobull.71.2.4.

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Karst areas, which are less involved in productive activities are often declared protected areas that can have a positive impact on the lives of the local communities. To verify this hypothesis, we examine karst areas, where national parks have been established to preserve mostly geological but also biological values. According to the threefold system of objectives in national parks, not only protection and conservation, but also the presentation of the natural values to the outside world is important. Thus, tourism and related services are essential and often exclusive economic activities in these protected areas. Our questions are how national parks appear in the daily lives of the local communities and how much locals perceive the beneficial effects of national parks. The selected area of our study is the Gömör-Torna / Gemer-Turňa Karst on the Hungarian-Slovak border, where national parks have been established on both side of the border (Aggtelek National Park in Hungary and Slovak Karst National Park in Slovakia) to preserve karst landforms and caves. We conducted structured interviews with leaders of settlements in and around the national park. Interviews reveal the ambivalent system of everyday relationships. Local communities are experiencing multiple conflicts with national parks. The conflicts stem from the contrast that usually occurs within the threefold system of objectives of national parks (the tension between the practice of protection/preservation and presentation). Locals are negatively affected by the presence of national park as an authority, which limits to some extent their economic activities. They perceive national parks as barriers that prevents them from building a more diversified economy, so the existence of the national park is seen by the majority as a disadvantage rather than an advantage. Some people even question the need to protect nature, which can be seen as a legacy of the former socialist regime. Thus, we conclude that there is a need to change the attitudes of local communities more positive towards nature conservation.

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Dou, Yaquan, Changhao Wu e Youjun He. "Public Concern and Awareness of National Parks in China: Evidence from Social Media Big Data and Questionnaire Data". Sustainability 15, n. 3 (1 febbraio 2023): 2653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032653.

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The high quality development of national parks plays an important role in promoting the formation of a reasonable, moderate and orderly land space protection pattern and building a harmonious coexistence of human and nature. However, a lack of public participation has limited the development of high-quality national parks in China. Understanding public concern and awareness of national parks is necessary for promoting greater public participation. This paper provides insight into this problem by combining Weibo and questionnaire survey data, then uses a combination of text mining, a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) theme model, and descriptive statistics to analyze the current state of public concern and awareness of national parks. By analyzing Weibo data, we find: (1) Public concern for national parks is increasing year by year. (2) More economically developed regions may pay more attention to national parks. (3) Public concern for national parks focuses on the construction of national parks in other countries and the institutional reform and ecotourism of national parks in China. Meanwhile, we also find that: (1) Most of the public are willing to actively pay attention to the construction of national parks. (2) The public is not yet fully aware of national parks in China; for example, the number of national parks, their construction, and other issues are still not widely known. (3) Public awareness of the construction goals, functional positioning, and other issues are not generally understood. To sum up, there is still much room for the public to improve their control and awareness of national parks. Finally, we put forward some suggestions to improve the public’s concern with and awareness of national parks, which can promote public participation in their development. This study will be important for sustainable development of the natural reserve system and global biodiversity protection in China.

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Jovičić, Dobrica, e Vanja Ivanović. "TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN NATIONAL PARKS". Tourism and hospitality management 10, n. 3-4 (dicembre 2004): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thm.10.3-4.7.

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Tourism in national parks is a specific paradox. It can cause great damage to vital values o f national parks, especially if not managed properly, but it can also bring great benefits. In some national parks there are simply so many visitors in certain parts, or at particular times, that nature - and the quality o f the visitor's experience - suffers. Also, tourist facilities often conflict with conservation aims and spoil natural landscapes. On the other hand, if planned and managed for sustainability, tourism can be very positive force, bringing benefits to protected areas and local communities alike. Tourism will be welcome in or near national parks if it respects special character o f the area, such as tourism based on appreciating nature, cultural and educational tourism, and quiet small-scale or small group activities; and if it causes minimal damage, disturbance or pollution. It can justify establishing protected areas in marginal regions, and can lead to revival in local economy and traditional cultures. Techniques for managing tourism in sensitive environment, with national parks included, are now generally better known; though they often cost time and money, the income which tourism generates can help offset the costs. Also, tourism development can be linked to craft industry’ and alternative employment of farms producing elements o f sustainable rural economy.

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Uzmay, Asya Ece. "Landscapes and national imagination: The role of national parks in the formation of national belonging in Turkey". SHS Web of Conferences 63 (2019): 12001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196312001.

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When the concept of a national park idea was first established in the USA, it was promoted as the ownership of the landscape for the use of the people while emphasizing national identity through nature. As a latecomer to this movement, this paper describes part of the journey of the establishment of national parks in Turkey, with a focus on the period between 1950 and 1975. In this paper I argue that the national parks were a means of constructing a national identity through the transformative power of modernism on the countryside. Focusing on different national parks from Turkey, I interrogated the role of these so-called pristine and primitive lands in the construction of national identity through different forms. Under the threat of neoliberal economic policies and new approaches to understanding of nature these protected and reserved pieces of “nature” deserve more attention.

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Yandle, Tracy, Douglas S. Noonan e Beth Gazley. "Philanthropic Support of National Parks". Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 45, n. 4_suppl (9 luglio 2016): 134S—155S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0899764016643612.

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Ostrom’s social-ecological systems (SES) framework infrequently has been applied to civil society research. But its focus on collective action may help explain why some national parks are more successful at attracting philanthropic resources to supplement stagnant public funding. We examine two types of charitable supporting organizations: “Friends of” Groups (FOGs), which typically emphasize fundraising, and Cooperating Associations (CAs), which typically emphasize visitor support. We identify their partnership patterns across more than 300 national park units. Our findings suggest that FOGs and CAs fill different niches. CAs are drawn to more popular parks or memorials, and FOGs are found in parks with smaller budgets or offering fewer activities. Actor characteristics play a secondary role in explaining nonprofit incidence. The holistic approach of the SES perspective demonstrates the importance of connecting resource systems to institutional settings and actor attributes.

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Alemu, Molla Mekonnen. "Environmental Role of National Parks". Journal of Sustainable Development 9, n. 1 (3 dicembre 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n1p1.

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The natural ecosystems are endangered due to human behavior; the razing of forests is diminishing the world’s oxygen supply and potentially irreplaceable natural resources. Wetlands are being drained, eliminating breeding environments for millions of birds and reproducing grounds for fish; cherished fauna and flora species are being endangered from extinction. Clean water, clean air, access to food sources, buffers of weather events, cultural and spiritual values, and raw materials for consumers, are some of the ecosystem services that ensure the well-being of humanity. Well-managed protected areas are a proven mechanism in the protection and conservation of healthy ecosystems and the services they provide. National Parks are essentially planned to shelter the lasting "wilderness" of a given country and have principally dedicated on the maintenance of extraordinary areas or emblematic species. This paper is aimed at exploring the environmental role of national parks by having an extensive literature review and come up with recommendations which can help the conservation of national parks.

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Jeong, Eunseong, Taesoo Lee, Alan Dixon Brown, Sara Choi e Minyoung Son. "Does a National Park Enhance the Environment-Friendliness of Tourists as an Ecotourism Destination?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 16 (6 agosto 2021): 8321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168321.

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Governments have designated national parks to protect the natural environment against ecosystem destruction and improve individuals’ emotional and recreational life. National parks enhance environment-friendly awareness by conducting ecotourism activities and individuals with environment-friendly awareness are inclined to continue to visit national parks as ecotourism destinations. The New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) is a widely used measure of environmental concern, suitable for measuring the environment-friendly attitude and revisit intention of visitors of national parks. Therefore, the study carried out structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate the relationship between the NEP, national park conservation consciousness and environment-friendly behavioral intention. Based on the results, an implication is presented to induce national parks to cultivate individual environment-friendly awareness and for visitors to pursue sustainable, environment-friendly tourism behavior. The findings indicate that national parks are to expand educational programs and facilities for eco-tourists visiting national parks to maintain a balanced relationship between themselves and nature and have a strong environmental awareness to preserve the natural environment.

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Miazek, Piotr. "Causes of Variations in the Scale of Tourism in Polish National Parks". Turyzm/Tourism 30, n. 1 (1 giugno 2020): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.30.1.19.

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Abstract (sommario):

National parks are among the most frequently visited tourist places in Poland. Every year, millions of tourists travel to spend time there and their number is constantly rising. National parks take nearly 30% of all domestic tourism. However, the number of people visiting individual national parks strongly varies. Some parks are visited by millions, others by only several thousand. The article is an attempt to indicate the main causes of the varying number of tourists visiting national parks. By analysing individual features of tourism in specific national parks, especially in those where the differences are most visible, the author attempts to distinguish aspects which may explain this phenomenon.

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27

WESTON, JOE, JOHN GLASSON, ELIZABETH WILSON e ANDREW CHADWICK. "MORE THAN LOCAL IMPACTS: AGGREGATE QUARRYING IN THE NATIONAL PARKS OF ENGLAND AND WALES". Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 01, n. 02 (giugno 1999): 245–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333299000181.

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Abstract (sommario):

Aggregate quarrying plays an important role in the local economy of the UK's national parks, providing local jobs and expenditure on local services. There are also adverse local impacts from traffic, dust, noise and blasting. However, it is the status of the parks as crucial features of the nation's landscape capital that increases the significance of localised landscape impacts to a level which outweighs any benefits that quarrying provides. This article is based upon commissioned research into the impact of quarrying on the national parks and assesses those impacts against the functions of the parks as nationally important designated landscapes.

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28

Styperek, Jarosław. "Marked Tourist Paths in Polish National Parks". Turyzm/Tourism 11, n. 1 (30 giugno 2001): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.11.1.03.

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Abstract (sommario):

The article presents the current condition of marked tourist paths, one of the elements of tourist infrastructure in national parks. The author has made a comparative analysis of the length and density of such paths in all the Polish national parks. He also presents the concept known as a ‘system of linear recreational accessibility’ which allows the connectivity and pattern of the marked path network in individual parks to be described.

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29

Balharry, R., e A. Runte. "National Parks. The American Experience." Journal of Applied Ecology 25, n. 2 (agosto 1988): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403871.

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30

Lopoukhine, Nikita. "Resource Management in National Parks". Forestry Chronicle 61, n. 5 (1 ottobre 1985): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61374-5.

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31

Mercer, Ian, e R. G. Wright. "National Parks as Test Beds". Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 7, n. 3 (maggio 1998): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2997382.

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32

Baker, Beth. "Washington Watch: National Parks Legislation". BioScience 47, n. 2 (febbraio 1997): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1313017.

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33

Hödl, Claudia, e Ulrike Pröbstl-Haider. "Geocaching in Austrian National Parks". eco.mont (Journal on Protected Mountain Areas Research) 9, n. 2 (2017): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/eco.mont-9-2s42.

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34

Orellana, Claudia. "Herbicides Threaten Colombia's National Parks". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 2, n. 4 (maggio 2004): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3868304.

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35

Coslett, Daniel E., e Manish Chalana. "National Parks for New Audiences". Public Historian 38, n. 4 (1 novembre 2016): 101–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2016.38.4.101.

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Abstract (sommario):

Changing sociocultural and historiographic contexts require new approaches to interpretation and presentation at National Park Service–administered sites. Through the study of two NPS parks in Washington State (San Juan Island National Historical Park and Whitman Mission National Historic Site), this article explores the agency’s interpretive programs and practices in relation to founding mandates and contemporary relevance. As demonstrated by these case studies, efforts to expand programming and presentations within the NPS system are ongoing but at present insufficient in light of current changes in demographics and visitation. Ultimately, for the NPS to remain relevant in the twenty-first century it must respect founding mandates but diversify interpretation of its parks’ contested histories, thereby enhancing its contemporary relevance and better engaging today’s audiences.

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36

Fixico, Donald L., Robert H. Keller e Michael F. Turek. "American Indians and National Parks". Journal of American History 88, n. 2 (settembre 2001): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2675183.

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37

Spence, Mark, Robert H. Keller e Michael F. Turek. "American Indians & National Parks". Western Historical Quarterly 30, n. 3 (1999): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971401.

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38

Fisher, Andrew H., Robert Keller e Michael F. Turek. "American Indians and National Parks". Environmental History 4, n. 3 (luglio 1999): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3985146.

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39

Demars, Stanford E. "Romanticism and American National Parks". Journal of Cultural Geography 11, n. 1 (settembre 1990): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08873639009478434.

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40

Ruaro, Renata, William Laurance e Roger Paulo Mormul. "Brazilian national parks at risk". Science 367, n. 6481 (27 febbraio 2020): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb0926.

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41

Dempsey, Shawna, e Lorri Millan. "LESBIAN NATIONAL PARKS AND SERVICES". Performance Research 16, n. 2 (giugno 2011): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13528165.2011.578723.

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42

Dilsaver, Lary M. "Research Perspectives on National Parks". Geographical Review 99, n. 2 (1 aprile 2009): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1931-0846.2009.tb00430.x.

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43

Bonnicksen, Thomas M., e Edward C. Stone. "Restoring naturalness to national parks". Environmental Management 9, n. 6 (novembre 1985): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01867322.

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44

E.D.,. "National Parks of Western Europe". Biological Conservation 34, n. 1 (1985): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(85)90058-8.

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45

Soden, Dennis L. "Battling for the National Parks". Social Science Journal 28, n. 4 (1 dicembre 1991): 533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0362-3319(91)90029-4.

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46

Pieńkowski, Dariusz, e Wojciech Zbaraszewski. "Partnership in German national parks". Studia i Prace WNEiZ 47 (2017): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/sip.2017.47/2-22.

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47

Bowler, Sue. "National Parks for the dark". Astronomy & Geophysics 50, n. 1 (febbraio 2009): 1.04. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4004.2009.50104.x.

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48

Lockwood, John P. "Volcanoes in America's National Parks". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 83, n. 38 (2002): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2002eo000306.

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49

Kreutzer, Lee Ann. "American Indians and National Parks". Utah Historical Quarterly 67, n. 3 (1 luglio 1999): 290–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/45062506.

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50

Wang, Li, Guodong Wang, Xiaohong Hou, Zhiwei Chen e Kai Lu. "Attractiveness index of national marine parks: A study on national marine parks in coastal areas of East China Sea". Open Geosciences 14, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0364.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Balancing the development and protection of national marine parks in a suitable way is of great SIGNIFICANCE for environmental sustainability. Tourism attractiveness is an important indicator for measuring this development. In this study, by searching through online reviews of the national marine parks in the coastal areas of the East China Sea, and by analyzing tourists’ perceptions of them, an indicator system for tourism attraction was established. Natural attributes, supporting facilities, service experience, and tours were taken as secondary indicators. This study combines the analytic hierarchy process with questionnaires to calculate the attractiveness index of national marine parks. The study finds that national marine parks in the coastal areas of the East China Sea have a higher level of tourist satisfaction and attractiveness, but that more attention needs to be paid to supporting facilities, as tourists currently find them insufficient. Among these, natural attributes are an important factor affecting the attractiveness of the marine parks, while special cuisine, customer experience, public transportation, and attitudes are all indicators with higher weight within the attractiveness index. The tourism attractiveness of national marine parks was investigated quantitatively and the indicators affecting the tourism attractiveness index were illustrated clearly.

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