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Articoli di riviste sul tema "National characteristics Australia"

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KOSUGE, Takashi, Katunori FURUYA e Motoko OYADOMARI. "System and Characteristics of National Ecotourism Accreditation Program in Australia". Journal of The Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 74, n. 5 (2011): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila.74.597.

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GOLDSMITH, BENJAMIN E., e MATTHEW LINLEY. "Engaged or Not? Perceptions of Australian Influence among Asian Publics". Japanese Journal of Political Science 13, n. 4 (1 novembre 2012): 525–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109912000254.

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AbstractDespite Australia's increasing economic ties with Asia, little is known about how it is perceived by the typical citizen in the region. This paper seeks to contribute to the Australian discussion on ‘Asian engagement’, as well as to a general understanding of the structure of foreign policy beliefs, by examining perceptions of Australia's influence among the mass publics of 14 Asian polities. Despite some anxiety in Australia on national op-ed pages and among political leaders over how the country is perceived, we find that the average person in Asia probably does not have a strong or meaningful opinion about Australia's foreign policy. Using survey data covering the years 2006 through 2008 from the AsiaBarometer project, we find that, on average, far more people view Australia's influence on their country favorably (40.5%) than view it unfavorably (6.1%). A similar percentage (41.5%), however, have neutral views of Australia's influence, and 12% of people in Asian nations express no opinion on the topic. We suggest these high frequencies of neutral perceptions and non-response are evidence of considerable indifference towards Australia. Furthermore, we investigate the correlates of perceptions of Australia's influence and find that in almost all cases citizens’ views about US and Chinese influence on their country are much better predictors of their views of Australia's influence than core values, identity, information, and demographic characteristics. We posit that opinions about Australia, even those that are favorable, may have less to do with perceptions of Australia specifically, and more to do with respondents’ general internationalist sentiment or perceptions of major powers.
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Romanenko, Olena. "SLAVIC COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRALIA: THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND THE CURRENT SITUATION". Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Ostrozʹka akademìâ". Serìâ Ìstoričnì nauki 1 (17 dicembre 2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2409-6806-2020-31-14-23.

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Migration to the Australian continent has ancient origins. On 1 January 1901, the Federation of the Commonwealth of Australia included six former colonies: New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania, Queensland, and Western Australia. The British origin had 78% of those who were born overseas. The immigration was high on the national agenda. The most ambitious nation-building plan based on immigration was adopted in Australia in the post-World War II period. The shock of the war was so strong that even old stereotypes did not prevent Australians from embarking on immigration propaganda with the slogan “Populate or Perish”. In the middle 1950s, the Australian Department of Immigration realized that family reunion was an important component of successful settlement. In 1955 the Department implemented “Operation Reunion” – a scheme was intended to assist family members overseas to migrate to the continent and reunite with the family already living in Australia. As a result, 30000 people managed to migrate from countries such as Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Soviet Union, and the former Yugoslavia under this scheme. Today Australia’s approach to multicultural affairs is a unique model based on integration and social cohesion. On governmental level, the Australians try to maintain national unity through respect and preservation of cultural diversity. An example of such an attitude to historical memory is a database created by the Department of Home Affairs (DHA). For our research, we decided to choose information about residents of East-Central European origin (Ukraine-born, Poland-born, and Czech Republic-born citizens) in Australia, based on the information from the above mentioned database. The article provides the brief historical background of Polish, Ukrainian and Czech groups on the Continent and describes the main characteristics of these groups of people, such as geographic distribution, age, language, religion, year of arrival, median income, educational qualifications, and employment characteristics.
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O'Hara, Rebecca, Heather Rowe, Louise Roufeil e Jane Fisher. "Should endometriosis be managed within a chronic disease framework? An analysis of national policy documents". Australian Health Review 42, n. 6 (2018): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17185.

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Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether endometriosis meets the definition for chronic disease in Australian policy documents. Methods A qualitative case study approach was used to thematically analyse the definitions contained in Australian chronic disease policy documents and technical reports. The key themes were then compared with descriptions of endometriosis in peer-reviewed literature, clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus statements. Results The search yielded 18 chronic disease documents that provided a definition or characteristics of chronic disease. The thematic analysis identified key elements of chronic diseases pertaining to onset, causation, duration, treatment, disease course and impact (individual and societal). A comparison with endometriosis descriptions indicated that endometriosis meets five of the six chronic disease key elements. Conclusion In Australia, long-term and complex conditions are managed within a chronic disease framework and include mechanisms such as chronic disease management plans (CDMPs) to assist with coordination and management of these conditions. Because endometriosis has most of the characteristics of chronic disease, it could potentially be reframed as a chronic disease in endometriosis clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements. Further, the use of CDMPs may provide a mechanism to promote individualised care and multidisciplinary management of this chronic, enigmatic and debilitating disease. What is known about the topic? In Australia, long-term complex diseases can be managed within a chronic disease framework that include mechanisms for coordinated care such as CDMPs and team care arrangements. Endometriosis is described as an inflammatory, progressive, relapsing and, for some women, debilitating condition, but is rarely described as a chronic disease in the clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements available in Australia. What does this paper add? Endometriosis shares most of the characteristics of a chronic disease so may benefit from chronic disease management systems such as CDMPs. What are the implications for practitioners? CDMPs may be a useful mechanism to coordinate and improve the effectiveness of care for women with endometriosis who experience sustained symptoms of endometriosis.
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Numbers, Ronald L. "Creationists and their critics in Australia: an autonomous culture or 'the USA with Kangaroos'?" Historical Records of Australian Science 14, n. 1 (2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr02002.

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No country outside the United States has given creationism a warmer reception than Australia, which has spawned an internationally successful creationist ministry and at times even welcomed creation science into the classrooms of state-supported schools. A half-century ago, however, when organized anti-evolutionism first appeared in Australia, it attracted virtually no attention, and for over three decades thereafter it remained isolated on the far margins of Australian society, too obscure and impotent to warrant public concern. As late as 1984 one of the best informed students of Australian fundamentalism predicted that `because of the different national traditions and educational systems, the [creationist] controversy is not likely to become as intense in Australia as in USA�.The following decade proved him a false prophet. The most intense creation-evolution debates in the world have occurred on Australian soil, and Australian creationists have insinuated themselves into the religious, scientific, educational, and political life of the country. In this brief history of creationism and anti-creationism in Australia during the past half-century or so, I highlight two distinctive (though not unique) characteristics of the Australian encounter: the efforts of both sides to tar the other with a `made in America� brush and the contribution of anti-creationists to the success of the creationists. Paradoxically, by hounding and ridiculing creationists, the critics significantly boosted the visibility and viability of creationism in Australia.
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Manshin, Roman V., e Alexey V. Smirnov. "APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE NUMBER OF RUSSIAN SPEAKING COMMUNITIES IN AUSTRALIA". Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law, n. 4 (2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2022-4-02.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of approaches to assessing the number of Russian-speaking communities in Australia. The Russian-speaking community in Australia was formed under the influence of various waves of migration, differing in the degree of integration into the local society. Thus, six stages of migration to Australia can be distinguished from the end of the 19th century to the present day, which have contributed their own characteristics to the formation of the Russian-speaking community. An analysis of current Russian and Australian statistics made it possible to compare information on migration flows between countries and to identify features and shortcomings of accounting for donor and recipient countries. The results of Australian national censuses make it possible to compensate for some shortcomings in the current accounting of migration processes. The identification of key features that characterize the Russian-speaking communities in Australia made it possible to estimate the size of their main parts. Such signs are: geographical identity (birth on the territory of Russia), linguistic identity (Russian language), religious identity (Orthodoxy), ethnic identity (Russian origin).
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FURUKAWA, T. A., G. ANDREWS e D. P. GOLDBERG. "Stratum-specific likelihood ratios of the General Health Questionnaire in the community: help-seeking and physical co-morbidity affect the test characteristics". Psychological Medicine 32, n. 4 (maggio 2002): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702005494.

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Background. In evidence-based medicine, stratum-specific likelihood ratios (SSLRs) are now being increasingly recognized as a more convenient and generalizable method to interpret diagnostic information than an optimal cut-off and its associated sensitivity and specificity. We previously examined the SSLRs of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) in primary care settings. The present paper aims to examine if these SSLRs are generalizable to the community settings.Methods. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and the GHQ were administered on a representative sample of the Australian population in the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. We first compared the SSLRs of GHQ in urban Australia with the estimates that we had previously obtained from the developed urban centres in the WHO Psychological Problems in General Health Care study. If the SSLRs in the community were found to differ significantly from those in the primary care, we sought for explanatory variables.Results. The SSLRs in urban Australia and in the urban centres in the WHO study were significantly different for three out of the six strata. When we limited the sample to those with physical problems who visited a health professional, however, the SSLRs in the Australian study were strikingly close to those observed for primary care settings.Conclusions. Different sets of SSLRs apply to primary care and general population samples. For general population surveys in developed countries, the results of the Australian National Survey represent the currently available best estimates. For developing countries or rural areas, the results are less definitive and an investigator may wish to conduct a pilot study.
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Flander, Louisa, Evelien Dekker, Berit Andersen, Mette Bach Larsen, Robert J. Steele, Nea Malila, Tytti Sarkeala et al. "What can We Learn From High-Performing Screening Programs to Increase Bowel Cancer Screening Participation in Australia?" Cancer Control 29 (gennaio 2022): 107327482211213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10732748221121383.

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Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most diagnosed cancer in men and women and second most common cause of cancer death in Australia; Australia’s CRC incidence and mortality are among the world’s highest. The Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program began in 2006; however, only 33% of those approached for the first time by the Program between 2018 and 2019 returned the kit. Of the 5.7 million kits sent during this period, only 44% were returned. Our aim was to identify practices and features of national bowel cancer screening programs in countries with similar programs but higher screening participation, to identify potential interventions for optimising Australian CRC screening participation. Methods We searched published and grey literature for CRC screening programs reporting at least 50% screening participation using postal invitation and free return of iFOBT home kits. Interviews were conducted with cancer registry staff and academic researchers, focused on participant and practitioner engagement in screening. Results National programs in Netherlands, Scotland, Denmark, and Finland reported over 50% screening participation rates for all invitation rounds. Shared characteristics include small populations within small geographic areas relative to Australia; relatively high literacy; a one-sample iFOBT kit; national registration systems for population cancer screening research; and screening program research including randomised trials of program features. Conclusions Apart from the one-sample kit, we identified no single solution to persistent Australian low uptake of screening. Research including randomised trials within the program promises to increase participation. Impact This screening program comparison suggests that within-program intervention trials will lead to increased Australian screening participation.
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Robinson, Maxine F., Cathrine Mihalopoulos, Tracy Merlin e Elizabeth Roughead. "CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGED ENTRY AGREEMENTS IN AUSTRALIA". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, n. 1 (26 dicembre 2017): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317001106.

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Objectives: Australia relies on managed entry agreements (MEAs) for many medicines added to the national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). Previous studies of Australian MEAs examined public domain documents and were not able to provide a comprehensive assessment of the types and operation of MEAs. This study used government documents approved for release to examine the implementation and administration of MEAs implemented January 2012 to May 2016.Methods: We accessed documents for medicines with MEAs on the PBS between January 2012 and May 2016. Data were extracted on Anatomical Therapeutic Classification (ATC), type of MEA (financial, financial with outcomes, outcomes, and subcategories within each group), implementation and administration methods, source of MEA recommendation, and type of economic analysis.Results: Of all medication indication pairs (MIPs) recommended for listing, one-third had MEAs implemented. Our study of eighty-seven MIPs had 170 MEAs in place. The Government's expert health technology assessment (HTA) committee recommended MEAs for 90 percent of the eighty-seven MIPs. A total of 81 percent of MEAs were simple financial agreements: the majority either discounts (32 percent) or reimbursement caps (43 percent). Outcome-based MEAs were least common (5 percent). Ninety-two percent of MEAs were implemented and operated through legal agreements. Approximately half of the MIPs were listed on the basis of accepted claims of cost-minimization. Forty-nine percent of medicines were in ATC L group.Conclusion: Advice from HTA evaluations strongly influences the implementation of ways to manage uncertainties while providing access to medicines. The government relied primarily on simple financial agreements for the managed entry of medicines for which there were perceived risks.
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Millbank, Jenni. "Health Practitioner Regulation: Has the National Law Produced National Outcomes in Serious Disciplinary Matters?" Federal Law Review 47, n. 4 (13 settembre 2019): 631–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x19875028.

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Since 2010, a national scheme regulates the registration, accreditation and discipline of health professionals in Australia (the ‘National Law’). This research examines disciplinary cases from tribunals nationwide to address the question: Has the national regulation of health professionals produced consistency in outcomes in serious cases of professional misconduct? All publicly available Australian tribunal-level decisions concerning complaints of serious misconduct and/or impairment brought against the five most populous regulated health professions (nurses and midwives, doctors, psychologists, pharmacists and dentists) were analysed for the period from 1 July 2010 to 30 June 2017. Each case was coded by reference to a typology of misconduct, practitioner characteristics and outcome, allowing for comparisons to be drawn both as between the professions and as between jurisdictions. Major disparities were identified in outcomes across the professions, with doctors being subject to less severe outcomes than other professions, in particular in comparison with nurses, even when the same main head of misconduct was in issue. Marked disparities were also identified between outcomes in different states and territories, suggesting that the National Law is not being applied in a uniform manner. This article examines these disparities and explores possible contributing factors.
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Tesi sul tema "National characteristics Australia"

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Hall, Frederick Leonard. "Australians in a corporate culture the national characteristics, are they intrinsic? : a study of cultural behaviour of Australian employees in a multi national [sic] corporation : a measure of change of national culture over time and it's relevance to corporate culture in Australia /". Master's thesis, Australia : Macquarie Universityc, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/23256.

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Thesis (MA)--Macquarie University, Graduate School of Management, 1989.
Introduction -- Values and culture -- The four dimensions -- Australia survey 1984/85 -- Methodological debate -- Literature reviews -- Outcome in terms of our national culture -- Transition to corporate culture -- Results of survey 1984/85 -- Appendix.
Bibliography: final [7] leaves (Appendix 4).
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
49 leaves ill. +
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Smaill, Belinda 1972. "Amidst a nation's cultures : documentary and Australia's Special Broadcasting Service Television". Monash University, Centre for Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8644.

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Maher, Simon. "The 'citizens' and 'citizenship' debates 'vernacular citizenship' and contemporary Australian politics and society /". Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070821.160030/index.html.

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Mann, J. (Jatinder). "The search for a new national identity : a comparative study of the rise of multiculturalism in Canada and Australia, 1890s-1970s". Phd thesis, Department of History, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13717.

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Vidal, Anne. "Representing Australian identity in the years 2000-2001 : the Sydney Olympic Games and the Centenary of Federation (selling Australia to the world or commemorating a flawless past?)". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27914.

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In his book, Inventing Australia: Images and Identity 1688-1980, Richard White argues that: There is no 'real' Australia waiting to be uncovered. A national identity is an invention [. ..]. When we look at ideas about national identity, we need to ask, not whether they are true or false, but what their function is, whose creation they are, and what interests they serve. White's argument is a useful starting point when considering the “obsession” Australian intellectuals have always felt to uncover their national identity, which goes back to the very birth of Australia as a settler-colony. Australia’s beginning as a colony not only implied a complete dependence in terms of economy, defence and culture towards Great Britain but also the dispossession of the indigenous population under the legal doctrine of Terra Nullius. All settler-colonies in search for a national identity follow the same initiatory path. The settlers at first feel isolated and in exile, far away from any familiar landmark and find it difficult to measure up with the mother country. After having, not without difficulty, defined itself through the invention and the appropriation of myths originating from the dominant Anglo Celtic society, Australia now seems to suffer from a national identity crisis. The last three decades saw the challenging and eroding of the mainstream white Australia identity by minority groups such as women, non Anglo-Celtic migrants and indigenous Australians. While those groups have made their voices heard throughout the last thirty years, we can easily identify a dominant decade for each group. Women saw most of their claims settled in the 1970s, multiculturalism became a reality in the 1980s while indigenous Australians stamped on the 1990s with native title laws, the reconciliation movement and the growing acceptance and adoption of Aboriginality as a desirable component of the Australian national identity.
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Ryan, Ernest Leslie, e Not available. "The bunyip and the dragon the psychodynamics of Australian and South Korean business encounters". Swinburne University of Technology, 1997. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20050506.152251.

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This study attempts to identify and explore the psychodynamics of Australian and Korean business encounters in Seoul, Republic of Korea, by describing and discussing 'Australian-ness' and 'Korean-ness' as representations of what I will call 'National character in-the-mind'. A guiding hypothesis is that in highly charged emotional settings, like those associated with foreign business encounters, National character in-the-mind acts as a psychological and emotional container, and a protective screen to hide more intricate institutional anxieties and defences. The data supporting the study is drawn from my interviews with 12 Australian and 6 Korean business people conducted between 3 and 14 June 1996 in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The study also reflects my experience and role as researcher in the research as a source, creator and interpreter of data through the exploration of my own introspection. The findings demonstrate how Australian-ness and Korean-ness appear to represent projections of the human imagination, willed within the bounds of individual experience and perception. A model for evaluating Cultural Misunderstanding and Defensive/Adaptive Behaviour is proposed with the aim of seeking improved understanding of the Australian and Korean National character. The model applies learning from the research experience which emphasises the need for Australian and Korean business people to take a more adaptive approach to the contrary behaviours they encounter. The model also acknowledges the value of investing time to establish and maintain cross-cultural business relationships based on access, whereby Australian and Korean business people see themselves as resources of mutual gain, reducing the potential for misunderstanding, fear and mistrust and the subsequent invocation of defensive responses.
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Goodwin, Miriam Winifred. "Technology absorptive characteristics of a national innovation system : IT in Australia, 1981-1991". Thesis, University of Sydney, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3769.

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Burns, Kathryn E. "This other Eden exploring a sense of place in twentieth-century reconstructions of Australian childhoods /". Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1691.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2007.
Title from title screen (viewed 25 March 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of English, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2007; thesis submitted 2006. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Harper, James. "The role of folk culture in Australia's quest for national identity : a case study". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1997. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36391/1/36391_Harper_1997.pdf.

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In recent years, especially since the release of the cultural policy statement Creative Nation in 1994, the role of Australia's cultural sector in developing the national identity has been a source of public debate. Some commentators have used the metaphor of the quest for self-knowledge to the country's search for identity, and emphasised the importance of the work of artists in expressing this quest. Policy makers have attempted to link this quest more closely with their own arts and other polices. This thesis presents exploratory research into the role played by one particular sector of the cultural industry, the folk movement. It does so through a case study of one of the movement's principal organisations, the Queensland Folk Federation (QFF). It asks the question: What is the role of the QFF in the quest for Australian national identity? After a general introduction to the :field of inquiry, the thesis draws on folklore, cultural policy and cultural tourism to provide historical and theoretical context and introduces the case study organisation. It lists research questions and derives eight research themes from the folkloric, arts policy and cultural tourism background. Research methodology, in particular the in-depth interviewing approach, is discussed. Data gathered from the application of this approach, along with documentary research and participant observation are described and six emergent themes are used to summarise characteristics of the case study organisation's quest. It is concluded that the Queensland Folk Federation is an organisation pursuing its own agenda which it perceives as strongly related to developing national identity, regardless of whether or not it matches current cultural policy. Strong parallels are suggested between the management style and membership involvement of the Federation and organisations with a religious or spiritual mission.
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Torney, Kim Lynette. "From 'babes in the wood' to 'bush-lost babies' : the development of an Australian image /". Connect to thesis, 2002. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1543.

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In this thesis I argue that the image of a child lost in the bush became a central strand in the Australian colonial experience, creating a cultural legacy that remains to this day. I also argue that the way in which the image developed in Australia was unique among British-colonised societies. I explore the dominant themes of my thesis - the nature of childhood, the effect of environment upon colonisers, and the power of memory - primarily through stories. The bush-lost child is an image that developed mainly in the realms of ‘low’ culture, in popular journals, newspapers, stories and images including films, although it has been represented in such ‘high’ cultural forms as novels, art and opera. I have concentrated on the main forms of its representations because it is through these that the image achieves its longevity. (For complete abstract open document)
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Libri sul tema "National characteristics Australia"

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Wayne, Hudson, e Bolton Geoffrey Curgenven, a cura di. Creating Australia: Changing Australian history. St. Leonards, N.S.W., Australia: Allen & Unwin, 1997.

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Cue, Kerry. Australia unbuttoned. Ringwood, Vic: Penguin Books, 1996.

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Making it national: Nationalism and Australian popular culture. St. Leonards, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 1994.

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Harper, Melissa. Symbols of Australia. Sydney, NSW: Univ. of New South Wales Press, 2010.

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Symbols of Australia. Sydney, NSW: Univ. of New South Wales Press, 2010.

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Hugh, Mackay. Reinventing Australia: The mind and mood of Australia in the 90s. Sydney, NSW, Australia: Angus & Robertson, 1993.

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Britain, Ian. Once an Australian: Journeys with Barry Humphries, Clive James, Germaine Greer, and Robert Hughes. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1997.

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The prickly pear: Making nationalism in Australia and New Zealand. Dunedin, N.Z: University of Otago Press, 2003.

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Partington, Geoffrey. The Australian nation: Its British and Irish roots. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1997.

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Brahm, Levey Geoffrey, e Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia., a cura di. Political theory and Australian multiculturalism. New York: Berghahn Books, 2008.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "National characteristics Australia"

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Hong, Min. "Meso-lens of IHE: Collaboration and Competition Between Universities in Australia and China". In Internationalizing Higher Education with National Characteristics: Similar Global Trends but Different Responses, 71–99. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4082-8_4.

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Hong, Min. "Macro-lens of IHE: National Rationales, Objectives and Strategic Priorities in Australia and China". In Internationalizing Higher Education with National Characteristics: Similar Global Trends but Different Responses, 43–70. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4082-8_3.

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Hong, Min. "Micro-lens of IHE: Inflow and Outflow Mobility of People in Australia and China". In Internationalizing Higher Education with National Characteristics: Similar Global Trends but Different Responses, 101–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4082-8_5.

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"Australia—Spatial Data Transfer Standard Australia". In Spatial Database Transfer Standards 2: Characteristics for Assessing Standards and Full Descriptions of the National and International Standards in the World, 77–85. Elsevier, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-008042433-0/50008-3.

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Rastogi, Avnish. "New Payment Models and Big Data Analytics". In Encyclopedia of Business Analytics and Optimization, 1622–36. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5202-6.ch145.

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It has been fascinating to watch how American healthcare delivery system is going through a paradigm shift to meet new government mandates and bend the care delivery cost curve. For years, US health care system has been fragmented and falling short on quality, outcomes, costs, and lacking framework to support care continuum. According to the study conducted by National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, for many years, US population has been dying at the younger age than population with similar characteristics in other countries such as Canada, Australia and Japan. When compared with the peer countries, US Population did worse in health areas such as drug related deaths, obesity, chronic diseases, disability, etc. (Institute of Medicine of the National Academics. 2013 in, U.S Health in International Perspective Shorter Lives, Poorer Health.)
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Singh, Amanpreet, Prem Chhetri e Rajiv Padhaye. "Understanding the Port-Centric Logistics Clusters". In Innovative Solutions for Implementing Global Supply Chains in Emerging Markets, 257–72. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9795-9.ch017.

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Port-centric logistics clusters are considered as intermodal gateways and/or hubs of international trade, which connect national economies with global production networks. These clusters are spatial agglomeration of logistics related interconnected and interdependent companies. Singapore, Dubai and Rotterdam are world class exemplary of port-centric logistics clusters. The formation of these clusters is a derivative of conducive business environment generated within a geographically defined area. Despite the recognition of port-centric approach to economic development there is insufficient evidence to empirically assess the functional and spatial characteristics of port centric logistics clusters. There is also disagreement on three key questions: how port-centric logistics clusters are defined and identified, what industry types do they constitute and what methods are appropriate to delineate the boundary of port centric logistics cluster. In this paper, a spatial approach is adopted to geographically delineate the spatial congregation of port-centric logistics employment using three major container ports in Australia. Using the Census data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS 2006), analysis has been conducted on employment data containing information about where people work and what industry they work within the close vicinity of case study seaports. The results show that the spatial extent Australian port centric logistics clusters, which tend to vary both in size and shape. Overall size of employment in port-related industries in Australia has grown substantially. Road freight is dominating industry in the port-centric logistics cluster with a contribution of 23.02% and 37.54% in 2001 and 2006 respectively. The range of port-centric logistics cluster in Melbourne is towards western suburbs and in Botany Bay the port-centric logistics cluster is discerned mainly around eastern suburbs and in Brisbane the spread of port-centred logistics cluster is towards southeast inner Brisbane and Northwest Inner Brisbane suburbs. This shows the impact of land use consolidation by the State Government in their effort to boost transport and warehousing employment closer to Australian container ports. The establishment of port-centric logistics clusters, we argue, could mean the opportunities for organisations to achieve agglomeration economies, increase rivalry among organizations to promote competition, access to greater pool of customers, availability of skilled labour force, closer proximity between customers and supplier, sharing of public infrastructure and resources, increased inter-firm interactions, and knowledge spill-over.
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7

Abbott, Malcolm, e Bruce Cohen. "Moving the nation forward". In Utilities Reform in Twenty-First Century Australia, 259–300. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865063.003.0009.

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This last industry-specific chapter places its focus on the transport sector. This means looking at a variety of industries – rail, airports, and seaports – in turn. Each of these has industry-specific characteristics that make reform of them distinctly different to each other. These unique characteristics are examined and explained in this chapter. In the case of rail, for instance, the vertical integration and separation possibilities are considered, together with their impact on efficiency. In the case of airports and seaports, the issues surrounding vertical integration and separation are less important, and the focus is weighted more heavily to matters associated with privatization.
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Ibrahim, Chourouk, Salah Hammami, Eya Ghanmi e Abdennaceur Hassen. "Emerging Human Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2) in the Environment Associated with Outbreaks Viral Pandemics". In Wastewater Treatment [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103886.

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In December 2019, there was a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan, a city of about 11 million people in Hubei Province. The World Health Organization (WHO), qualified CoVid-19 as an emerging infectious disease on March 11, 2020, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which spreads around the world. Coronaviruses are also included in the list of viruses likely to be found in raw sewage, as are other viruses belonging to the Picornaviridae family. SRAS-CoV-2 has been detected in wastewater worldwide such as the USA, France, Netherlands, Australia, and Italy according to the National Research Institute for Public Health and the Environment. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 could infect many animals since it has been noticed in pigs, domestic and wild birds, bats, rodents, dogs, cats, tigers, cattle. Therefore, the SARS-CoV-2 molecular characterization in the environment, particularly in wastewater and animals, appeared to be a novel approach to monitor the outbreaks of viral pandemics. This review will be focused on the description of some virological characteristics of these emerging viruses, the different human and zoonotic coronaviruses, the sources of contamination of wastewater by coronaviruses and their potential procedures of disinfection from wastewater.
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9

McNamara, Patricia, e Shelley Wall. "Australian Residential Care". In Revitalizing Residential Care for Children and Youth, 339—C23.P97. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197644300.003.0023.

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Abstract This chapter presents an overview of Australian efforts to reform the residential care sector. Concerns are the forced removal of Indigenous children and others from disadvantaged families as well as abuse and neglect in residential settings and lack of documentation of efficacy. Current goals include preventing behavioral contagion in some residential settings and building a trauma-informed approach into residential care. Promising program initiatives are identified, as is lack of national leadership for improving residential care. The chapter concludes with the matrix used throughout the book, which provides information on the current policy context, key trends and initiatives, characteristics of children and youth served, preparation of residential care personnel, promising programmatic innovations, and present strengths and challenges.
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Joy, Celina, e Betty Sibil. "Successful First-Time Political Leaders and Their Response to COVID-19". In Handbook of Research on Innate Leadership Characteristics and Examinations of Successful First-Time Leaders, 132–48. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7592-5.ch008.

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History is witness to many first-time transformational leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr who garnered mass movements for the fight to their country's freedom. A first-time leader shows high levels of commitment and a strong desire to make a positive difference to society. However, the abilities and strengths of a leader is truly tested during crises. The nature of a crisis is its suddenness, uncertainty, and catastrophic impact, and hence, an opportunity to showcase innate leadership characteristics. Some examples of successful first-time political leaders who received accolades across the globe for their handling of the recent COVID-19 crisis are from developed nations like New Zealand, Finland, Australia, and a developing nation, India. It is in this context that the leadership styles, behavioral patterns and decision-making abilities of these first time political leaders is analysed with special reference to their response to the COVID-19 crisis. This analysis may enable other leaders in replicating these behaviours to succeed as leaders in crisis situations.
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Atti di convegni sul tema "National characteristics Australia"

1

Dryne, Jackson, Katsuya Maeda e Jinzhu Xia. "Model Testing of Dynamic Characteristics of Compliant Buoyant Towers". In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92439.

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Rigorous deepwater wave-basin tests for a series of reduced (1/80) scale model compliant buoyant towers (CBT) have recently been conducted in the Deep-Sea Basin at the National Maritime Research Institute (NMRI) in Tokyo, Japan. The models have been designed to comply with the theoretical conditions of the hydro-elastic similitude. The models are based on a conceptual prototype CBT design suited for the Vincent Field situated on the North West Shelf of Western Australia. The research has been funded by the Australian Research Council. Three parameters, namely, seabed stiffness, additional buoyancy and platform payload, were varied to investigate how each influence the performance of the CBT. Only one portion of the tests conducted at the NMRI is reported here. These include results and findings from free decay and load-deflection tests that were performed to achieve the structure’s natural periods, modal dampening factors and the tower’s global stiffness. These dynamic characteristics and responses obtained from the tests are compared with their finite element analysis (FEA) counterpart.
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2

Smith-Briggs, Jane, Dave Wells, Tommy Green, Andy Baker, Martin Kelly e Richard Cummings. "The Australian National Radioactive Waste Repository: Environmental Impact Statement and Radiological Risk Assessment". In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4865.

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The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the proposed Australian National Repository for low and short-lived intermediate level radioactive waste was submitted to Environment Australia for approval in the summer of 2002 and has subsequently undergone a consultancy phase with comments sought from all relevant stakeholders. The consultancy period is now closed and responses to the comments have been prepared. This paper describes some of the issues relevant to determining the radiological risk associated with the repository to meet the requirements of the EIS. These include a brief description of the three proposed sites, a description of the proposed trench design, an analysis of the radioactive waste inventory, the proposed approach to developing waste acceptance criteria (WAC) and the approach taken to determine radiological risks during the post-institutional control phase. The three potential sites for the repository are located near the Australian Department of Defence site at Woomera, South Australia. One site is inside the Defense site and two are located nearby, but outside of the site perimeter. All have very similar, but not identical, topographical, geological and hydrogeological characteristics. A very simple trench design has been proposed 15 m deep and with 5 m of cover. One possible variant may be the construction of deeper borehole type vaults to dispose of the more active radioactive sources. A breakdown of the current and predicted future inventory will be presented. The current wastes are dominated in terms of volume by some contaminated soils, resulting from experiments to extract U and Th, and by the operational wastes from the HIFAR research reactor at ANSTO. A significant proportion of the radionuclide inventory is associated with small volumes of sources held by industry, medical, research and defence organisations. The proposed WAC will be described. These are based on the current Australian guidelines and best international practice. The preliminary radiological risk assessment considered the post-institutional control phase in detail with some 12 scenarios being assessed. These include the impact of potential climate change in the region. The results from the risk assessment will be presented and discussed. The assessment work is continuing and will support the license application for construction and operation of the site. Please note that this is not the final assessment for the licence application.
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Jaques, Susan. "Same Yet Different: A Comparison of Pipeline Industries in Canada and Australia". In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-106.

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Canada and Australia are remarkably similar countries. Characteristics such as geography, politics, native land issues, and population are notably similar, while the climate may be considered the most obvious difference between the two countries. The pipeline industries are similar as well, but yet very different in some respects too. This presentation will explore some of the similarities and differences between the pipeline industries in both countries. The focus of the discussion will be mainly on long-distance, cross-country gas transmission pipelines. The author of this paper spent 4 years working for TransCanada PipeLines in Calgary in a pipeline design and construction capacity, and has spent 2.5 years working for an engineering consultant firm, Egis Consulting Australia, in a variety of roles on oil and gas projects in Australia. Topics to be addressed include the general pipeline industry organisation and the infrastructure in both countries. The history of the development of the pipeline industry in each country provides insight as to why each is organised the way it is today. While neither system is “better” than the other, there are certain advantages to Canada’s system (nationally regulated) over Australia’s system (currently state-regulated). The design codes of each country will be compared and contrasted. The pipeline design codes alternate in level of detail and strictness of requirements. Again, it cannot be said that one is “better” than the other, although in some cases one country’s code is much more useful than the other for pipeline designers. Construction techniques affected by the terrain and climate in each country will be explored. Typical pipeline construction activities are well known to pipeliners all over the globe: clear and grade, trench, string pipe, weld pipe, coat welds, lower in, backfill and clean up. The order of these activities may change, depending on the terrain and the season, and the methods of completing each activity will also depend on the terrain and the season, however the principles remain the same. Australia and Canada differ in aspects such as climate, terrain and watercourse type, and therefore each country has developed methods to handle these issues. Finally, some of the current and future opportunities for the 21st century for the pipeline industry in both countries will be discussed. This discussion will include items such as operations and maintenance issues, Canada’s northern development opportunities, and Australia’s national gas grid possibilities.
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Moura, Ludmila Sandy Alves, André Taumaturgo Cavalcanti Arruda e Mário Luciano de Melo Silva Júnior. "Parallels between neurologist training in Brazil and in other countries". In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.534.

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Introduction: Neurology training involves practice in infirmaries and outpatient clinics in several subspecialties, as well as training in procedures and examinations. The analysis of Medical Residency Programs (MRPs) in Neurology in other countries is important to identify points of contrast and similarities as a way to keep the national training equivalent to other countries. Objectives: To analyze the duration and characteristics of the training of neurology physicians in Brazil and other countries. Methods: Cross-sectional study by active search on official web pages of governments and organizations/entities representing neurologists from 12 countries: Australia, Portugal, Italy, Greece, India, USA, Canada, Puerto Rico, Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Colombia. Information was obtained on the duration of medical school and residency, as well as the characteristics of this. Results: The duration of medical school was 4 to 7 years (median: 6; IIQ: 0.5). Duration in neurology was 3 to 6 years (median: 4; IIQ:1). Developed countries have a median duration of residency of 4.83 years ± 0.68 years, whereas in developing countries it was 3.66 ±0.47 years. Regarding access, 25% of the countries require a prerequisite. Regarding rotations, those present in most of the programs studied were: neurology outpatient clinic (100%), neuroradiology (83%), neuropediatrics (75%) clinical medicine (58%), psychiatry (58%). Conclusion: We identified differences in the standardization of PRM in Neurology among the countries studied. The duration of Brazilian residency is below the average of the other countries studied, but it includes the required rotations in developed countries.
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5

Tapia Olivas, Juan Carlos, René Delgado Rendón, Emilio Hernández Martínez, Felipe Noh Pat, Eric Efrén Villanueva Vega e María Cristina Castañón Bautista. "Evaluation of Wave Energy in the Pacific Ocean for Baja California State in Mexico". In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52857.

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According to the World Energy Council (WEC) the estimated energy of the wave power in the world is in the range of 8,000 to 80,000 TWh/year to depths of 100 meters or higher and actually the utilization of wave energy resource it is possible because it has been implemented in countries like Australia, Indonesia, Nigeria, United Kingdom, Norway, Portugal and Colombia evaluating different types of marine technologies that take the advantage of the kinetic energy in the ocean waves. Mexico according to the National Institute of Statistics and Information (INEGI) has a land area of 1,972,550 km2 of which has a coastline of 11,150 km having potential for the use of their coasts. Baja California with a land area of 71,445 km2 (3.6% of the country) is located on a peninsula in northwest Mexico and has 720 km of coastline on the Pacific Ocean (6.4% nationally) with a range of depths of 25.6 m to 650 m at a distance of the coastline of 15 km, which makes it suitable to evaluate the use of wave energy at local sites. With the completion of this work will contribute to the characterization of the sites that will present the best technical and economic conditions for its implementation, considering the physical characteristics of the site as well as connection points on the transmission lines operated by the Federal Electricity Commission (CFE). For the preparation of this study was carried out in three stages: a) Site Selection, b) Evaluation of Wave Energy and c) Economic evaluation of sites using RETScreen. Based on the characteristics of the coast of Baja California the results obtained are the following: 1) 18 sites were selected with a sea depth averaged of 50 m, the annual density power was 7.5 kW/m, this represents a potential of 210 MW considering an average length of 2 km in each site, 2) The economic evaluation of this type of project was for a period of 30 years in RETScreen, considers an annual inflation rate of 5% and obtains an investment cost of 9,538 US $/kW for this type of generation. We conclude that this source of energy will reduce dependence on fossil fuels and contribute to the generation of electricity in the state of Baja California diversifying the energetic matrix state by the use of clean and renewable sources, which represents an investment opportunity between the public and private sector.
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Chandler, Ross, e Ignacio González-Álvarez. "Australian carbonatites: insights on geological characteristics, exploration proxies and the national prospectivity for undiscovered carbonatites and associated critical metal mineralisation". In Goldschmidt2022. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2022.10746.

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7

Brkić, Iva, Aleksandra Deluka-Tibljaš, Marijana Cuculić e Ivana Pranjić. "Comparison of standards and requirements for porous asphalt mixtures". In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1135.

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Porous asphalt is a bituminous material prepared in such a manner that it has a very high content of interconnected voids that allow passage of water and air in order to provide the compacted mixture with better drainage and noise reducing characteristic. The analysis of available regulations and scientific literature shows that the national standards of porous asphalt mixtures differ in type of granulometric envelopes, the type of bitumen and its content in the mixture and the limits of the air voids content in the mixture. In this paper, standards used for porous asphalt in Croatia are compared with the US, Australian and Dutch standards for this type of asphalt. In addition, samples prepared based on HRN EN 13108-7 and HRN EN 12697-17 requirements were tested and results were compared using Croatian and other available standards. This paper also investigates the effects of ambient temperature on abrasion loss of porous asphalt. The abrasion loss results are compared to the other standards.
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8

Fatima Hajizada, Fatima Hajizada. "SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE AMERICAN VERSION OF THE BRITISH LANGUAGE". In THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC – PRACTICAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE IN MODERN & SOCIAL SCIENCES: NEW DIMENSIONS, APPROACHES AND CHALLENGES. IRETC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/mssndac-01-10.

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Abstract (sommario):
English is one of the most spoken languages in the world. A global language communication is inherent in him. This language is also distinguished by a significant diversity of dialects and speech. It appeared in the early Middle Ages as the spoken language of the Anglo-Saxons. The formation of the British Empire and its expansion led to the widespread English language in Asia, Africa, North America and Australia. As a result, the Metropolitan language became the main communication language in the English colonies, and after independence it became State (USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) and official (India, Nigeria, Singapore). Being one of the 6 Official Languages of the UN, it is studied as a foreign language in educational institutions of many countries in the modern time [1, 2, s. 12-14]. Despite the dozens of varieties of English, the American (American English) version, which appeared on the territory of the United States, is one of the most widespread. More than 80 per cent of the population in this country knows the American version of the British language as its native language. Although the American version of the British language is not defined as the official language in the US Federal Constitution, it acts with features and standards reinforced in the lexical sphere, the media and the education system. The growing political and economic power of the United States after World War II also had a significant impact on the expansion of the American version of the British language [3]. Currently, this language version has become one of the main topics of scientific research in the field of linguistics, philology and other similar spheres. It should also be emphasized that the American version of the British language paved the way for the creation of thousands of words and expressions, took its place in the general language of English and the world lexicon. “Okay”, “teenager”, “hitchhike”, “landslide” and other words can be shown in this row. The impact of differences in the life and life of colonists in the United States and Great Britain on this language was not significant either. The role of Nature, Climate, Environment and lifestyle should also be appreciated here. There is no officially confirmed language accent in the United States. However, most speakers of national media and, first of all, the CNN channel use the dialect “general American accent”. Here, the main accent of “mid Pppemestern” has been guided. It should also be noted that this accent is inherent in a very small part of the U.S. population, especially in Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. But now all Americans easily understand and speak about it. As for the current state of the American version of the British language, we can say that there are some hypotheses in this area. A number of researchers perceive it as an independent language, others-as an English variant. The founder of American spelling, American and British lexicographer, linguist Noah Pondebster treats him as an independent language. He also tried to justify this in his work “the American Dictionary of English” written in 1828 [4]. This position was expressed by a Scottish-born English philologist, one of the authors of the “American English Dictionary”Sir Alexander Craigie, American linguist Raven ioor McDavid Jr. and others also confirm [5]. The second is the American linguist Leonard Bloomfield, one of the creators of the descriptive direction of structural linguistics, and other American linguists Edward Sapir and Charles Francis Hockett. There is also another group of “third parties” that accept American English as a regional dialect [5, 6]. A number of researchers [2] have shown that the accent or dialect in the US on the person contains significantly less data in itself than in the UK. In Great Britain, a dialect speaker is viewed as a person with a low social environment or a low education. It is difficult to perceive this reality in the US environment. That is, a person's speech in the American version of the British language makes it difficult to express his social background. On the other hand, the American version of the British language is distinguished by its faster pace [7, 8]. One of the main characteristic features of the American language array is associated with the emphasis on a number of letters and, in particular, the pronunciation of the letter “R”. Thus, in British English words like “port”, “more”, “dinner” the letter “R” is not pronounced at all. Another trend is related to the clear pronunciation of individual syllables in American English. Unlike them, the Britons “absorb”such syllables in a number of similar words [8]. Despite all these differences, an analysis of facts and theoretical knowledge shows that the emergence and formation of the American version of the British language was not an accidental and chaotic process. The reality is that the life of the colonialists had a huge impact on American English. These processes were further deepened by the growing migration trends at the later historical stage. Thus, the language of the English-speaking migrants in America has been developed due to historical conditions, adapted to the existing living environment and new life realities. On the other hand, the formation of this independent language was also reflected in the purposeful policy of the newly formed US state. Thus, the original British words were modified and acquired a fundamentally new meaning. Another point here was that the British acharism, which had long been out of use, gained a new breath and actively entered the speech circulation in the United States. Thus, the analysis shows that the American version of the British language has specific features. It was formed and developed as a result of colonization and expansion. This development is still ongoing and is one of the languages of millions of US states and people, as well as audiences of millions of people. Keywords: American English, English, linguistics, accent.
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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "National characteristics Australia"

1

de Caritat, Patrice, Brent McInnes e Stephen Rowins. Towards a heavy mineral map of the Australian continent: a feasibility study. Geoscience Australia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11636/record.2020.031.

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Abstract (sommario):
Heavy minerals (HMs) are minerals with a specific gravity greater than 2.9 g/cm3. They are commonly highly resistant to physical and chemical weathering, and therefore persist in sediments as lasting indicators of the (former) presence of the rocks they formed in. The presence/absence of certain HMs, their associations with other HMs, their concentration levels, and the geochemical patterns they form in maps or 3D models can be indicative of geological processes that contributed to their formation. Furthermore trace element and isotopic analyses of HMs have been used to vector to mineralisation or constrain timing of geological processes. The positive role of HMs in mineral exploration is well established in other countries, but comparatively little understood in Australia. Here we present the results of a pilot project that was designed to establish, test and assess a workflow to produce a HM map (or atlas of maps) and dataset for Australia. This would represent a critical step in the ability to detect anomalous HM patterns as it would establish the background HM characteristics (i.e., unrelated to mineralisation). Further the extremely rich dataset produced would be a valuable input into any future machine learning/big data-based prospectivity analysis. The pilot project consisted in selecting ten sites from the National Geochemical Survey of Australia (NGSA) and separating and analysing the HM contents from the 75-430 µm grain-size fraction of the top (0-10 cm depth) sediment samples. A workflow was established and tested based on the density separation of the HM-rich phase by combining a shake table and the use of dense liquids. The automated mineralogy quantification was performed on a TESCAN® Integrated Mineral Analyser (TIMA) that identified and mapped thousands of grains in a matter of minutes for each sample. The results indicated that: (1) the NGSA samples are appropriate for HM analysis; (2) over 40 HMs were effectively identified and quantified using TIMA automated quantitative mineralogy; (3) the resultant HMs’ mineralogy is consistent with the samples’ bulk geochemistry and regional geological setting; and (4) the HM makeup of the NGSA samples varied across the country, as shown by the mineral mounts and preliminary maps. Based on these observations, HM mapping of the continent using NGSA samples will likely result in coherent and interpretable geological patterns relating to bedrock lithology, metamorphic grade, degree of alteration and mineralisation. It could assist in geological investigations especially where outcrop is minimal, challenging to correctly attribute due to extensive weathering, or simply difficult to access. It is believed that a continental-scale HM atlas for Australia could assist in derisking mineral exploration and lead to investment, e.g., via tenement uptake, exploration, discovery and ultimately exploitation. As some HMs are hosts for technology critical elements such as rare earth elements, their systematic and internally consistent quantification and mapping could lead to resource discovery essential for a more sustainable, lower-carbon economy.
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