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1

Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger, Reyes, Sebastián Pérez-Díaz, Francisca Alba-Sánchez, Daniel Abel-Schaad e José López-Sáez. "Vegetation History in the Toledo Mountains (Central Iberia): Human Impact during the Last 1300 Years". Sustainability 10, n. 7 (23 luglio 2018): 2575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072575.

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Mid-mountain ecosystems provide a broad diversity of resources, heterogeneous relief, and a mild climate, which are all very useful for human necessities. These features enable different strategies such as the terracing of the slopes as well as wide crop diversification. Their relations lead to a parallel co-evolution between the environment and human societies, where fire and grazing become the most effective landscape management tools. This paper presents the results obtained from a multi-proxy study of the Bermú paleoenvironmental record, which is a minerotrophic mire located in the Quintos de Mora National Hunting Reserve (Toledo Mountains, central Spain). The bottom of this core has been dated in the Islamic period (ca. 711–1100 cal AD), and the study shows how the landscape that was built over time in the Toledo Mountains up to the present day is narrowly linked to human development. This study shows the increasing human pressure on the landscape, as well as the subsequent strategies followed by the plant and human communities as they faced diverse environmental changes. Thus, it is possible to attest the main role played by the humans in the Toledo Mountains, not only as a simple user, but also as a builder of their own reflexion in the environment.
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Fiorentino, Laura, Robert Heitsenrether, Katie Kirk, Warren Krug, Eric Breuer e Winston Hensley. "Recent Development and Field Test of CO-OPS' Real-Time, Shallow Water CURrents BuoY (CURBY)". Marine Technology Society Journal 56, n. 6 (15 dicembre 2022): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.56.6.1.

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Abstract The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) manages the National Current Observation Program (NCOP) and Physical Oceanographic Real-Time Systems (PORTS®). These programs provide tide and current predictions, as well as real-time current and meteorological information. Outdated current predictions, navigational support requirements, and incident response scenarios (e.g., oil spills, vessel accidents) have highlighted CO-OPS' need for a rapidly deployable system that provides near-surface current and meteorological observations. To address this, CO-OPS designed, developed, and tested a real-time system based on a surface buoy platform, hereinafter referred as CURrents BuoY (CURBY). This paper provides an overview of the system design, field test results, operational applications, and future plans.In 2018, CO-OPS completed the build, integration, and testing of the first prototype CURBY. A successful field test was completed during 2018 in the Chesapeake Bay, and the first operational deployment followed shortly on the Delaware River in 2019. Resulting measurements were used to improve tidal current predictions and to plan for a 2021 regional survey. Initial success with tidal current survey operations led to design enhancement and wider use. During 2020‐2021, CO-OPS partnered with the NOAA Office of Response and Restoration to build two new CURBYs to support emergency response applications in the Gulf of Mexico region. During 2022, two CURBY systems were deployed in the Columbia River, Oregon, to support additional NCOP operations. Future plans include establishing a long-term CURBY system for Kings Bay, Georgia, PORTS®.
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Aslam, Yaseen, e Jamie Woodcock. "A History of Uber Organizing in the UK". South Atlantic Quarterly 119, n. 2 (1 aprile 2020): 412–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-8177983.

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This article details Yaseen Aslam’s experience of organizing at Uber. Yaseen is the National General Secretary of UPHD (United Private Hire Drivers), a branch of the IWGB (Independent Workers Union of Great Britain). He is a co-claimant, with James Farrar, in the employment rights court cases against Uber in the UK. The article is the outcome of co-writing with Jamie Woodcock, presenting Yaseen’s first-person perspective. It builds on the method of workers’ inquiry and writing between workers and academics.
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Hewitt, Gillian, Joan S. Roberts, Adam Fletcher, Graham Moore e Simon Murphy. "Improving young people's health and well-being through a school health research network: Reflections on school–researcher engagement at the national level". Research for All 2, n. 1 (25 gennaio 2018): 16–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18546/rfa.02.1.03.

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The School Health Research Network is a policy–practice–research partnership established in Wales in 2013. The network aims to: provide health and well-being data for national, regional and local stakeholders, including schools; co-produce school-based health improvement research for Wales; and build capacity for evidence-informed practice in the school health community. School-focused engagement activities include providing member schools with bespoke Student Health and Well-being Reports, hosting school health webinars, producing schoolfriendly research briefings and holding annual events for schools. The network's model for co-producing research with schools is described and its impacts on schools is explored. These include more efficient recruitment of schools to research projects, school involvement in intervention development, schools beginning to embed evidence-informed practice by using their Health and Well-being Reports and other network resources, and securing funding to evaluate innovative health and well-being practices identified by schools. Drawing on the transdisciplinary action research (TDAR) literature, the article reflects on how TDAR principles have underpinned the progress of the network. The concept of reciprocity in the co-production literature, and its relevance to engagement with schools, is also explored, along with the network's contribution to our understanding of how we can build sustainable co-production at large scale in order to generate nationallevel action and benefit.
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Eckard, Richard, Alison Kelly e Snow Barlow. "Epilogue - Future challenges for the national climate change research strategy". Crop and Pasture Science 63, n. 3 (2012): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp12149.

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Australia’s primary industries are likely to be uniquely impacted upon by climate change. In February 2011 the inaugural Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries (CCRSPI) conference was held to discuss the current state of climate change research across Australia’s primary industries. Never before had policy makers, producers and scientists from all sectors of our primary industries been brought together in one event to focus on the challenges and opportunities of climate change. This conference was a unique forum to address those challenges and opportunities by sharing knowledge across the various sectors, scientific disciplines and the industry-policy-science divide. While this collection of review papers provides an excellent knowledge base for industry and government to plan and implement policy and make further research investments to address the obvious gaps there is still much to be done in terms of research and the co-ordination of research. The often unrelated research activity in the adaptation and mitigation components of climate change research have the potential to have either synergistic or antagonistic outcomes at several scales and in several sectors ranging from policy to industry and community. The significant injection of research and development funds into this area through the Carbon Farming Futures and other associated programs will provide further impetus to the need for national co-ordination of climate change research in Australia’s Primary Industries. To build on all this knowledge and experience gained at the 2011 CCRSPI Conference, CCRSPI is currently (2012) finalising the national climate change research strategy for the sector, with an associated audit of existing projects and capacity, in order to encourage and advocate the cross-sectoral RDE needs and co-ordination for the future.
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Davey, Zoe, e Catherine Henshall. "Improving mesothelioma follow-up care in the UK: a qualitative study to build a multidisciplinary pyramid of care approach". BMJ Open 11, n. 11 (novembre 2021): e048394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048394.

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ObjectivesThe findings reported in this manuscript are part of a wider study that aimed to explore mesothelioma patients’ experiences of follow-up care. The aim of this phase of the study was to co-produce recommendations for policy and practice and to propose a revised, patient-focused, mesothelioma follow-up care service.DesignThe consultation phase was qualitative and consisted of three group discussions with separate stakeholder groups allowing for different priorities and needs for follow-up care to be compared. An implicit approach to consensus was adopted and data were analysed iteratively using the framework method.SettingThe study was conducted in three National Health Service Trusts in the South of England. Two were secondary care settings and the third was a tertiary centre.ParticipantsThe consultation exercise comprised three group discussions with key stakeholders (n=35): mesothelioma specialist nurses (n=9), mesothelioma patients and carers (n=11) and local clinical commissioning group members (n=15).ResultsRecommendations for mesothelioma follow-up care were developed using a co-production approach and highlighted the importance of continuity of care, the provision of timely information and the central role played by mesothelioma specialist nurses, supported by the wider multidisciplinary team. Recommendations were produced together with two bespoke infographics to maximise impact and facilitate patient and public engagement with the study.ConclusionsThe recommendations developed are the first that specifically examine best practice for the follow-up care pathway for mesothelioma patients. Co-production and public engagement are crucial to priority setting develop and optimising patient-centred care. Combining the recommendations produced with a targeted dissemination strategy and well-designed, patient-focused infographics will maximise opportunities for impact at a regional and national level.
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Shevchenko, Veronika, e Valeria Den. "Indigenous Peoples in National Parks: Problems and Prospects of Co-Management (on the Example of Primorsky Krai)". Bulletin of Baikal State University 32, n. 4 (23 dicembre 2022): 751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2022.32(4).751-760.

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The process of developing specially protected natural areas depends not only on natural, cultural, historical and socio-economic factors, but also on the level of interaction between the administration and the indigenous population permanently residing in areas of special importance. Given the growing interest of the state in the issues of determining the position and degree of influence of the local population on the development of the potential of specially protected natural areas, an important aspect is to study the process of co-management within the most promising areas for tourism — national parks. The purpose of the study is to determine the mechanism for building a system of co-management within national parks on the example of Primorsky Krai. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of the anthropological, systematic approach. Methods of comparison, structural-functional analysis and general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, induction, deduction) were used. The theoretical basis of this study is the current legal acts and publications of authors studying the issues of the position of indigenous peoples in the system of specially protected natural areas. The empirical basis of the study is the practice of the emergence of precedents on the issues of interaction and regulation of activities in the territories where the indigenous small population lives. The object of observation is national parks, and the subject of research is the indigenous peoples living in the territory of national parks and participating in the processes of interaction with the administration of specially protected areas. The scientific novelty lies in the description of the stages of implementation of the co-management strategy, the identification of problematic and promising areas of development for national parks, the development of a scheme for the interaction of participants in the processes of co-management of territories. The study has showed the need to build a system of co-management of national park territories based on the most sustainable practices, taking into account the application of the principle of a mutually beneficial agreement and further structural study of the issue.
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Putri, Defi Tristio. "Kemenparekraf's Role In Recovering The State's Economic Sector Through Tourism And Msmes". Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Mamangan 12, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2023): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/mamangan.v12i1.6439.

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This study aims to find out what the role of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy is in helping to restore the nation's economic sector which has been devastated by the co-19 pandemic. The decline in business activities is due to the fact that people cannot carry out their lives as usual. For example, schools must be closed and transferred to online learning.. Then work becomes a work from home system or work from home to continue to follow government recommendations and help suppress the spread of Covid-19. Using a quantitative method with a constructivist paradigm and a type of case study research to see the phenomenon of the economic decline. Data retrieved via the internet and collected into one unit and then compiled and analyzed to become the results of a study. So that research uses concrete data that has validity in research. After conducting research, the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy played a very important role in restoring the economic sector through MSMEs. Build UMKM place for sellers small all around tourism . Government has disbursed data of IDR 123.46 trillion from PEN ( National Economic Recovery ) funds for help healing economy national. it look from enhancement UMK contribution to PDV of 61.07% compared to right with effort big other that only give contribution of 38.93%. So that MSMEs are still Becomes buffer economy national.
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Arndt, Sonja, Mathias Urban, Colette Murray, Kylie Smith, Beth Swadener e Tomas Ellegaard. "Contesting early childhood professional identities: A cross-national discussion". Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 19, n. 2 (giugno 2018): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463949118768356.

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In this collective article, the authors explore constructions of early childhood practitioners and how they disconnect and reconnect in a global neo-liberal education policy context. The contributions to the conversation provide windows into shifting professional identities across five national contexts: New Zealand, the USA, Ireland, Australia and Denmark. The authors ask who benefits from the notion of distinct professional identities, linked to early childhood education as locally and culturally embedded practice. They conceptualize teachers’ shifting subjectivities, drawing on Kristeva’s philosophical conception of identity as constantly in construction, open and evolving. Arguments for the urgency to counter the global uniformity machine, streamlined curricula, standardized assessment and deprofessionalization are not new. However, the authors wonder whether these arguments are missing something. Does our localized and highly contextualized identity construction enable ‘divide and rule’ politics by global agents such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, World Bank and international corporations? The authors’ (preliminary) answer is to build individual and collective professional identities that are grounded in diverse local contexts and in a broader transnational professional (political) consciousness and collective voice.
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Ackermann, Alice. "The OSCE and transnational security challenges". Security and Human Rights 20, n. 3 (2009): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187502309789192432.

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AbstractAlthough the engagement of the Organization for Security and Co-operation (OSCE) with Afghanistan, as an OSCE Asian Partner for Co-operation, is not a new effort, a more structured and focused approach was initiated by the participating States at the Madrid OSCE Ministerial Council in November 2007 and its Decision No. 4/07 (MC Decision No. 4/07). The Ministerial Council Decision identifies the need for OSCE support in three major areas: border security and management, and policing and combating trafficking, with such activities complementing already other national and international efforts. Since then, the implementation of MC Decision No. 4/07 has put OSCE efforts towards Afghanistan on a more systematic basis. With a programme of activities that includes 16 projects, and that aims at the strengthening of border security and management, the facilitation of cross-border co-operation and the enhancement of national law enforcement capacities, the OSCE is well-positioned to strengthen its engagement with Afghanistan. In particular, it can draw on substantial expertise within its existing channels, including its field operations in Central Asia. Although OSCE engagement with Afghanistan remains a challenging task, in particular given the financial constraints of the Organization, the OSCE can continue to build on the solid interaction already established within the Partnership for Co-operation framework.
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Liu, Siyu. "Co-coupling Analysis of China's OFDI and Digital Economy Development in Belt and Road Countries". Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 5, n. 1 (27 aprile 2023): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/5/20220102.

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To explore China's OFDI and that of other regions in the collaborative development of digital economy under the construction of the Belt and Road, while studying the synergistic effect between China's OFDI and areas along the national digital economy coordination effect, based on the application of the entropy method (TOPSIS) method of coordination degree model, to build the development coordination degree evaluation model of China's foreign direct investment and national digital economy where areas are gradually developing along the Belt and Road, the model is applied to 38 countries and regions. The research proves that the coupling degree of this composite system between the two subsystems increases year by year, and is gradually close to 1. Research is helpful to test through the digital way to reduce risk and expanding the scope of the earnings of China's foreign direct investment and areas there specific effects between digital economy, new era in order to promote China's OFDI and area development of national digital economy all the way, can provide the new train of thought and the Chinese high quality investment ideas.
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Fan, Qiuyan. "The Impact of Australia’s Government Policy on Broadband Internet Access". Journal of Information Technology Research 6, n. 4 (ottobre 2013): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2013100102.

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The Australian government has recognised the importance of broadband for their social and economic development. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of policy issues on broadband Internet access in Australia. This research has clearly indicated that the state of broadband Internet access is closely related to the Government’s policy and regulatory framework. The Government based its actions on market forces as a principal driver for broadband Internet connectivity. The research has indicated that the previous regulatory competition regime, by and large, has failed to address concerns of market dominance and market power in the Telecommunications sector as is evidenced by a relatively lower speed and value of broadband services in Australia. To rectify the situation, the Australian government has recently adopted a unique National Broadband Network (NBN) plan, which is linked to the national digital economy strategy. Australia is the first country in the world where a national broadband network infrastructure company, NBN Co, is regarded as a regulated national infrastructure provider rather than as a telecommunication company. The NBN Co builds and operates an open access, wholesale only and non-discrimination high-speed broadband network, the National Broadband Network (NBN). The Australian Government's goal for the NBN is to reform the telecommunications sector and ensure every home and business across the country has access to the NBN by 2020. This paper examines the policies underlying the NBN and discusses current practices and potential benefits of the NBN.
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Silveira, Murilo, e Gregório Varvakis. "The information professional and the co-creation of value in information services: theoretical contributions". RDBCI: Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação 20, n. 2022 (11 gennaio 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rdbci.v20i00.8670520/30472.

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Introduction: The co-creation of value is a relevant factor for the development of better informational services provided by libraries. These services require reassessments of processes that involve their various participants. The co-creation of value offers opportunities for better integration between provider and user of information services. In this aspect, the question is how to understand the participation of the participants in this process. Objective: The objective of this study is to build a theoretical framework that allowsthe investigation of the processes of co-creation of value in informational services from the perspective of the service provider (information professionals/library). It is justified by the lack and lack of understanding of how the co-creation of value inlibraries occurs, mainly on the aspects of providing informational services. Methodology: It is a theoretical essay, of a conceptual and analytical nature. Results: As a result, through national and international literature reviews, it was possible to delimit the study scenario, which resulted in a structure of connections, which enabled the construction of the frame of reference. Conclusion: It is concluded that the frame of reference can contribute to the theoretical advance and development of studies that allow the investigation of the processes/elements of co-creation of value of the users, and perhaps the construction of models and the management of these elements.
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Arapis, Theodore, e Vincent Reitano. "Examining the Evolution of Cross-National Fiscal Transparency". American Review of Public Administration 48, n. 6 (8 maggio 2017): 550–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074017706740.

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Over the past two decades, global institutions, including the International Monetary Fund and the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, have linked fiscal transparency to better governance, improved economic performance, and increased civic participation in government decision making. As a result, scholars and practitioners have attempted to systematically study the factors associated with a country’s fiscal transparency. At the international level, extant research employs cross-sectional analysis, which limits an understanding of how fiscal transparency evolves over time. We address this limitation by offering a cross-national longitudinal analysis of the factors associated with fiscal transparency as measured by the open budget index. Our study spans the years 2006 to 2012, using data on political, fiscal, information access, and economic conditions among 59 countries from nearly every part of the world. Using a first-difference panel regression and robust standard errors clustered by country, we found a positive association between economic recessions and fiscal transparency, indicating that fiscal crises may serve as opportunities for furthering transparency efforts. In addition, our study extends empirical documentation on the positive relationship between fiscal imbalance and fiscal transparency from the United States to the international arena, and provides support for a positive association between development aid and fiscal transparency. We also offer evidence for a negative association between democracy and fiscal transparency, which builds upon an emerging area of research suggesting selective release of government information by democratically elected officials.
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LIN, Chen. "National first-class course: International Settlement". Integration of Industry and Education 6, n. 1 (29 febbraio 2024): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.6938/iie.060104.

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Guangdong University of Foreign Studies is a teaching and research university with distinctive international characteristics. The major of International Economics and trade is the characteristic specialty of the Ministry of Education and a national first-class major. The course of International Settlement is a required course for international economy and trade, international business, international finance and other majors. It has the characteristics of complex theoretical knowledge, wide range of involvement and strong practical operation. Through a variety of ways and methods to acquire knowledge in the information age, we deeply integrate the Internet and information technology into university education in teaching. At the same time, we also introduce online simulation experiments, Moocs and rain classroom and other information-based teaching methods, expand and extend the learning space and content, form various high-quality teaching resources, build a golden course teaching team, lead the reform of International Settlement courses, and promote high-quality teaching resources for higher education institutions. Through the co-construction and sharing of modern information technology means, we can improve the training quality of international trade professionals and serve the construction of a learning society in the new era. This paper discusses seven aspects: basic course information, teaching professors (teaching team), course objectives, course construction and application, course features and innovations, course construction plan, and a list of supplementary materials. It elaborately presents the core content of the application in strict accordance with the requirements of the second batch of national first-class undergraduate course application (Mixed online and offline courses), offering a reference for the application of the third batch of national first-class undergraduate courses.
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Kaur, Harmanpreet. "At Home in the World: Co-productions and Indian Alternative Cinema". BioScope: South Asian Screen Studies 11, n. 2 (dicembre 2020): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974927620983941.

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Several Indian filmmakers and production houses making ‘alternative’ and ‘independent films’ have sought to develop co-production deals with European film funds, international film festivals, film markets and sales agents. Their bid is to build a profile with art house and ‘specialty cinema’ audiences in Europe, Asia and the USA, while also seeking to impact the Indian domestic market. This article analyses the assembling of such productions, and their aesthetic form, including a reflection on charges that their adaptation to international distribution requires a conformity to what is acceptable and intelligible to ‘international audiences’. It also explores how alternative films oriented to international art cinema affect the understanding of what constitutes ‘national cinemas’. The article explores these themes through two films, Qissa (2013) and The Lunchbox (2012).
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Couzigo, Benjamin, Brian Peter e Herbert Silonero. "EVOLUTION OF REGIONAL RESPONSE PREPAREDNESS IN THE WIDER CARIBBEAN THROUGH RAC/REMPEITC-CARIBE: ENHANCING A LONG TERM CYCLE". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, n. 1 (1 maggio 2008): 1117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-1117.

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ABSTRACT RAC/REMPEITC-Caribe is a United Nation'S Regional Activity Centre, established in 1994 by the International Maritime Organization and the United Nations Environment Program for the Caribbean Sea. The Centre exists to assists countries in the Wider Caribbean region and Latin America to prevent and respond to major oil pollution incidents. While developing a systematic approach to capacity building, resulting in comprehensive regional projects including the Caribbean Islands Regional OPRC Plan and the Central America CAOP Project (design to establish a Central America Regional OPRC Plan), the constant interaction of the Centre within the region with the various cultures of response preparedness, regularly raises the following questions:– How to improve a standard, constant, and effective system for capacity building in regards to contingency planning?– How to improve the co-operation between the regional partners?– How to define a better mechanism for funding? The analysis of the last ten years activities developed by the Centre shows the alternation of established priorities developed under the objectives of the strategic plan for enhancing regional response preparedness. Key components for the definition of a long term development cycle, required to build capacity, and enhance regional co-operation, are identified. The elements to stand out are:– the development of a constructive succession in the activities thematic;– a time frame of 5 years to complete a cycle for a regional centre with RAC/REMPEITC characteristics;– the key role of metrics to assess priorities for the cycle;– the need of a common overview of the process to facilitate co-operation / co-ordination;– the need of sustained commitment. The identification of those parameters allow a regional centre to clarify the status of national contingency planning for governments, establish the extent of training and exercises needed in the region and most importantly, facilitates the synchronization of resources and support between stakeholders.
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Yu, Yanglu, e Kuiting Gao. "The Embedding of Sports Social Organizations in Rural Governance Based on the Collaborative Governance Model of Multiple Subjects". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (16 giugno 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2084606.

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Rural governance is an important part of national governance, and the participation of social organizations is also very important. This research explores the multiple relationships between rural governance subjects and governance methods through the basic requirements of “co-construction and sharing” of multi-governance and the status quo of creation activities, integrates an innovative rural community governance evaluation and supervision system, and builds rural community governance evaluation and supervision system mechanism. Mutually exclusive constraints on the diversity of governance subjects will provide strategic guidance for sports social organizations to participate in diversified management.
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van der Weide, Martin, e Christophe Coulie. "The Digitalization of the Issuing Process of Certificates of Origin in the Netherlands and Belgium: Is a 100% Digitalization Rate Possible and How? Why Issuing Certificates of Origin Electronically Do". Global Trade and Customs Journal 14, Issue 10 (1 ottobre 2019): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2019055.

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More and more countries are digitalizing the issuing of non-preferential Certificates of Origin (CO). The Netherlands and Belgium have both build up a robust experience in this field. Digitalizing is a necessary evolution as more and more Customs and logistic processes are running electronically. As with all digitalization processes challenges, on technical level but also on human level, need to be dealt with. While coping with these challenges at the same time one needs to anticipate to new developments as blockchain and artificial intelligence. All this is no longer possible on a national level but needs the support and coordination of an international body. On the level of CO the International Chamber of Commerce has taken up this challenge.
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Cameron, Gregory. "Village Projects Observed in Eritrea: Post-Conflict Pathways towards Democratic Rural Development". Modern Africa: Politics, History and Society 10, n. 1 (25 agosto 2022): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26806/modafr.v10i1.416.

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Eritrea’s rural development trajectory has fallen short of fully meeting the basic needs of its peasants and pastoralists, let alone national food security objectives. This article builds on earlier research on rural development projects in a select number of villages. These projects were primarily characterised by a state-centric technocratic logic that did, to some degree, embed “hard” infrastructure in the villages, but which paid less attention to building village-level capacity or organisational autonomy. Looking beyond these impasses, the present article suggests an inward-oriented national development model centred on the home market, rural co-operatives, and food sovereignty. As yet ‒ at the time of writing ‒ another major war afflicts Eritrea and Ethiopia, the presence of the political will for such a transition is by no means guaranteed.
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REYNOLDS, WAYNE. "RETHINKING THE JOINT PROJECT: AUSTRALIA'S BID FOR NUCLEAR WEAPONS, 1945–1960". Historical Journal 41, n. 3 (settembre 1998): 853–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x98007870.

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This article concludes that Australia was determined to possess nuclear weapons from the end of the Second World War. The best prospects for this lay in working with Britain through the so-called ‘joint project’. British defence planners knew that their small island would not survive a future atomic blitz and, therefore, needed ‘active’ deterrent weapons. The problem was that the US after 1946 moved to protect its atomic monopoly and denied Britain research, raw materials, and test facilities. Australia was, therefore, an invaluable partner in the British deterrent weapons programme, in all its aspects from research to testing, as long as the US refused co-operation. The quest for atomic weapons lies at the heart of many of Canberra's initiatives after 1945 – the decision to build an Australian National University; the construction of the vast Snowy Mountains scheme; and ultimately the decision to deploy Australian forces into South-East Asia in the mid-fifties. The height of Anglo-Australian co-operation coincided with the atomic tests after 1952, London's decision to help build atomic reactors in Australia, and the Suez crisis. Britain's acquisition of deterrent weapons in 1957, however, saw the end of imperial co-operation on atomic weapons and delivery systems.
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Wolff, Stefan. "The OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities: A Changemaker on the Ground". Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe 22, n. 2 (29 dicembre 2023): 86–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/sdg1667.

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Abstract (sommario):
Established in 1992, the High Commissioner on National Minorities of the Organization for Co-operation and Security in Europe has made significant contributions to conflict prevention and management in multi-ethnic societies. In this article, I trace how, over the three decades of its existence, the institution has adopted the notion of “integration with respect for diversity” as the guiding principle of its work. I demonstrate that successive High Commissioners have relied on three main tools in their efforts – mediation and facilitation, advising on legislation and policy making, and capacity building – and illustrate this approach with examples from across the OSCE area before providing two detailed case studies of how the institution has supported Kyrgyzstan and Moldova in the development of their respective national integration strategies. I conclude that the sustainability of positive change that follows from the engagement of the High Commissioner depends significantly on the institution’s ability to build local capacity to manage the process of integration with respect for diversity in the long term and with a wide range of national and international governmental and non-governmental stakeholders.
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23

Reed, Mark S., Tom Curtis, Arjan Gosal, Helen Kendall, Sarah Pyndt Andersen, Guy Ziv, Anais Attlee et al. "Integrating ecosystem markets to co-ordinate landscape-scale public benefits from nature". PLOS ONE 17, n. 1 (12 gennaio 2022): e0258334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258334.

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Abstract (sommario):
Ecosystem markets are proliferating around the world in response to increasing demand for climate change mitigation and provision of other public goods. However, this may lead to perverse outcomes, for example where public funding crowds out private investment or different schemes create trade-offs between the ecosystem services they each target. The integration of ecosystem markets could address some of these issues but to date there have been few attempts to do this, and there is limited understanding of either the opportunities or barriers to such integration. This paper reports on a comparative analysis of eleven ecosystem markets in operation or close to market in Europe, based on qualitative analysis of 25 interviews, scheme documentation and two focus groups. Our results indicate three distinct types of markets operating from the regional to national scale, with different modes of operation, funding and outcomes: regional ecosystem markets, national carbon markets and green finance. The typology provides new insights into the operation of ecosystem markets in practice, which may challenge traditionally held notions of Payment for Ecosystem Services. Regional ecosystem markets, in particular, represent a departure from traditional models, by using a risk-based funding model and aggregating both supply and demand to overcome issues of free-riding, ecosystem service trade-offs and land manager engagement. Central to all types of market were trusted intermediaries, brokers and platforms to aggregate supply and demand, build trust and lower transaction costs. The paper outlines six options for blending public and private funding for the provision of ecosystem services and proposes a framework for integrating national carbon markets and green finance with regional ecosystem markets. Such integration may significantly increase funding for regenerative agriculture and conservation across multiple habitats and services, whilst addressing issues of additionality and ecosystem service trade-offs between multiple schemes.
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24

Ozano, Kim, Laura Dean, Oluwatosin Adekeye, Anthony K. Bettee, Ruth Dixon, Ntuen Uduak Gideon, Noela Gwani et al. "Guiding principles for quality, ethical standards and ongoing learning in implementation research: multicountry learnings from participatory action research to strengthen health systems". Health Policy and Planning 35, Supplement_2 (1 novembre 2020): ii137—ii149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa123.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Global health gains can be achieved through strengthening health systems to identify and address implementation challenges in low- and middle-income countries. Participatory research, that promotes joint problem and solution finding between communities and different health systems actors, supports policy implementation analysis at all levels. Within the neglected tropical disease programmes in Liberia and Nigeria, we applied participatory action research (PAR) to address programmatic and health system bottlenecks with health systems strengthening embedded. This paper shares learning from 20 interviews with co-researchers, from national and sub-national levels and academic researchers who worked collaboratively to understand challenges, co-create solutions and advocate for policy change. Through analysis and reflections of existing PAR principles, we inductively identified five additional guiding principles for quality, ethical standards and ongoing learning within PAR projects that aim to strengthen health systems. (1) Recognize communities as units of identity and define stakeholder participation to ensure equitable engagement of all actors; (2) enable flexible action planning that builds on existing structures whilst providing opportunities for embedding change; (3) address health systems and research power differentials that can impede co-production of knowledge and solution development; (4) embed relational practices that lead to new political forms of participation and inquiry within health systems and (5) develop structures for ongoing learning at multiple levels of the health system. PAR can strengthen health systems by connecting and co-creating potentially sustainable solutions to implementation challenges. Additional research to explore how these five additional principles can support the attainment of quality and ethical standards within implementation research using a PAR framework for health systems strengthening is needed.
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25

TAYLOR, Peter Mark, Nina SCHNEIDER, Emmanuel HUNTZINGER e Patricia CHARLEBOIS. "DEVELOPMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND NATIONAL PLANNING IN THE CASPIAN SEA AND BLACK SEA". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, n. 1 (1 maggio 2014): 1329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1329.

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Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT The Caspian Sea and Black Sea regions have witnessed a growth in oil exploration, production and transportation activities, over a period of more than 15 years. Significant quantities of Caspian Sea region crude oil are shipped via Black Sea ports to markets in Europe. This development of the oil and shipping industries has brought a focus on ensuring an appropriate level of oil spill preparedness. Working under the umbrella of the ‘Global Initiative’ (GI) programme, the international community continues to support governments' efforts to build and implement national and regional systems to ensure effective response to major incidents. Recent progress in the Caspian Sea is described, notably the signing in 2011 by the five countries surrounding the Caspian Sea (the littoral States) of a regional agreement for co-operation in case of major oil spills - the so-called ‘Aktau Protocol’ to the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea (“Tehran Convention”). This Protocol is expected to enter into force in 2014 and will provide the legal basis for co-operation between the countries. A regional plan under the Protocol is in final draft and will provide the operational tool for implementation of regional cooperation and coordination procedures. The draft regional plan will be described, including its alignment to the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (OPRC) and the promotion of integrated response between governments and industry. National oil spill contingency plans provide the fundamental building blocks for the regional co-operation mechanism. Information will be presented on the recent developments concerning two national plans in the Caspian Sea, i.e. Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. The role of international organizations and the oil industry in supporting the respective government's development of these plans and the opportunities available to assist their implementation is discussed. The on-going biennial Black Sea regional exercise activity is used to illustrate how such a programme facilitates and encourages sustainable oil spill preparedness at the regional level. Information will be presented concerning the 2011 exercise, the key lessons learned and potential developments of the exercise programme in the future.
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26

Li, Ye Qing, Huan Zhong Wang, Jiang Zhang, Song Bai Yu e Wen Juan Miao. "A Feasibility Study on Co-Processing of Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals in Cement Kilns". Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (giugno 2015): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.135.

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Abstract (sommario):
The national general survey manifests that the Chinese soil is suffering from serious contamination, mainly arising from heavy metals (HM). Due to the large amount of heavy metal waste, many researchers have performed the feasibility studies on co-processing this kind of waste in cement kilns. In this paper, we review these results from the perspectives of national standards, the crystal structure of clinker, and the volatility of metals in cement kiln system. The crystal structure of clinker mineral offers physical possibility for the solidification of HM atoms. The volatility studies also indicate that most of the metals will not emit from the kiln system. For the incorporated metals in clinker, their release ratio is very low, and the leaching HM atoms can be immediately enclosed by the cement hydration products. Based on these theoretical results, we measured the HM in the raw materials and in the cement product for 1 year in a cement plant. The bag filter dust contained high level of Tl with an average of 219.30 ppm. The other metals were almost solidified by the clinker. With the vaporization of Tl in the raw materials, the circulation pattern causes the accumulation and buildup of Tl in the system. The incorporation capacity of clinker on HM is predicted in this paper, but the incorporation ratio of HM from contaminated soil, the circulation pattern of HM in cement kiln system, and the emission of HM is currently not clear and further work is in progress.
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27

Chen, S. S., W. S. Hsu, J. R. Wang, J. H. Yang, S. W. Chen e C. Shih. "Establishment of analysis methodology for ionizing mattresses using RESRAD-BUILD code". Kerntechnik 86, n. 1 (1 marzo 2021): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-2019-0103.

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Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The methodology of analysing ionizing mattresses using the RESRAD-BUILD code is described. RESRAD-BUILD is a free computer program developed by Argonne US National laboratory. The RESRAD-BUILD code can analyze radiation exposures resulting from occupying a building contaminated with radioactive materials or housing contaminated furniture or equipment. In May 2018, the South Korean government pulled the mattresses of manufacturer Daijin Bed Co from its markets because these mattresses had unsafe radiation levels. After that, the AEC (Atomic Energy Council, Taiwan) had immediately conducted an inspection of ionizing mattresses of Taiwan and found that the radiation level of mattresses of two domestic brands exceed the legal standards. For assessing the dose of the ionizing mattress, it was necessary to establish a methodology for analyzing these in case of nuclear industry unusual products. This was done by using the RESRAD-BUILD code and the data are presented in this manuscript. The analysis results of RESRAD-BUILD were compared with the assessment result to the dose announced by the AEC. The RESRAD-BUILD result which the air exchange rate is 10–2/h is similar with the AEC data. In addition, the results present that the air exchange rate is very significant for calculating the dose.
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28

Yang-Guiping, Fatima. "Unify Religious and Ethnic Identity: Can it be New Approaches for Community Development in Contemporary Muslim China?" Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Media Pemikiran dan Dakwah Pembangunan 5, n. 1 (20 giugno 2021): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jpm.2021.051-03.

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Abstract (sommario):
Nowadays, religion has continuously been a supposition that separated from the role of development. However, the harmonious co-existence between Islam and Confucianism has been a new trend for sustainable development. Through harmonious dialogue among ethnicity and cultural society, community development issues encouraged all stakeholders to build a balanced life. This study aims to deliberate interpretation of the historical experience of co-existence between Islam and Confucianism amidst common heritage as a new instrument of national development in China. This study uses a historical approach and qualitative methods, in which the article answered scepticism that religions only could produce hatred, conflict, apartheid, and inclusivism. The result shows that made Islam an indispensable part of Chinese civilization. There could contribute to the contemporary global dialogue that is resolving the conflict among religions and nationalists. Instead, there makes strengthen for sustainable community development affected economic stability. The paper concludes that escalating the harmonious co-existence and religious dialogue should be rising in the public sphere as a new trend for sustain and prosperous people with minority groups in contemporary China.
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29

Pauknerova, E., P. Sidlichovsky, S. Urbanas e M. Med. "THE EUROPEAN LOCATION FRAMEWORK – FROM NATIONAL TO EUROPEAN". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (13 giugno 2016): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b4-181-2016.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
The European Location Framework (ELF) means a technical infrastructure which will deliver authoritative, interoperable geospatial reference data from all over Europe for analysing and understanding information connected to places and features. The ELF has been developed and set up through the ELF Project, which has been realized by a consortium of partners (public, private and academic organisations) since March 2013. Their number increased from thirty to forty in the year 2016, together with a project extension from 36 to 44 months. The project is co-funded by the European Commission’s Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP) and will end in October 2016. In broad terms, the ELF Project will deliver a unique gateway to the authoritative reference geospatial information for Europe (harmonised pan-European maps, geographic and land information) sourced from the National Mapping and Cadastral Authorities (NMCAs) around Europe and including transparent licensing. This will be provided as an online ELF web service that will deliver an up-to-date topographic base map and also as view & download services for access to the ELF datasets. To develop and build up the ELF, NMCAs are accompanied and collaborate with several research & academia institutes, a standardisation body, system integrators, software developers and application providers. The harmonisation is in progress developing and triggering a number of geo-tools like edge-matching, generalisation, transformation and others. ELF will provide also some centralised tools like Geo Locator for searching location based on geographical names, addresses and administrative units, and GeoProduct Finder for discovering the available web-services and licensing them. ELF combines national reference geo-information through the ELF platform. ELF web services will be offered to users and application developers through open source (OSKARI) and proprietary (ArcGIS Online) cloud platforms. Recently, 29 NMCAs plus the EuroGeographics – their pan-European umbrella association, contribute to the ELF through an enrichment of data coverage. As a result, over 20 European countries will be covered with the ELF topo Base Map in 2016. Most countries will contribute also with other harmonized thematic data for viewing or down-loading. To overcome the heterogeneity of data resources and diversity of languages in tens of European countries, ELF builds on the existing INSPIRE rules and its own coordination and interoperability measures. ELF realisation empowers the implementation of INSPIRE in Europe and it complements related activities of European NMCAs, e.g. Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre (CUZK), which provides a large portfolio of spatial data/services and contributes significantly to the NSDI of Czech Republic. CUZK is also responsible for the Base Register of Territorial Identification, Addresses and Real Estates (RUIAN) – an important pillar of Czech e-Government. CUZK became an early-bird in implementing INSPIRE and it provides to the ELF a number of compliant datasets and web services. CUZK and the Polish NMCA (GUGiK) collaborate in the Central-European ELF Pilot (cluster) and test various cross-border prototypes. The presentation combines the national and crossborder view and experiences of CUZK and the European perspective of EuroGeographics.
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30

Pauknerova, E., P. Sidlichovsky, S. Urbanas e M. Med. "THE EUROPEAN LOCATION FRAMEWORK – FROM NATIONAL TO EUROPEAN". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B4 (13 giugno 2016): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b4-181-2016.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
The European Location Framework (ELF) means a technical infrastructure which will deliver authoritative, interoperable geospatial reference data from all over Europe for analysing and understanding information connected to places and features. The ELF has been developed and set up through the ELF Project, which has been realized by a consortium of partners (public, private and academic organisations) since March 2013. Their number increased from thirty to forty in the year 2016, together with a project extension from 36 to 44 months. The project is co-funded by the European Commission’s Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP) and will end in October 2016. In broad terms, the ELF Project will deliver a unique gateway to the authoritative reference geospatial information for Europe (harmonised pan-European maps, geographic and land information) sourced from the National Mapping and Cadastral Authorities (NMCAs) around Europe and including transparent licensing. This will be provided as an online ELF web service that will deliver an up-to-date topographic base map and also as view & download services for access to the ELF datasets. To develop and build up the ELF, NMCAs are accompanied and collaborate with several research & academia institutes, a standardisation body, system integrators, software developers and application providers. The harmonisation is in progress developing and triggering a number of geo-tools like edge-matching, generalisation, transformation and others. ELF will provide also some centralised tools like Geo Locator for searching location based on geographical names, addresses and administrative units, and GeoProduct Finder for discovering the available web-services and licensing them. ELF combines national reference geo-information through the ELF platform. ELF web services will be offered to users and application developers through open source (OSKARI) and proprietary (ArcGIS Online) cloud platforms. Recently, 29 NMCAs plus the EuroGeographics – their pan-European umbrella association, contribute to the ELF through an enrichment of data coverage. As a result, over 20 European countries will be covered with the ELF topo Base Map in 2016. Most countries will contribute also with other harmonized thematic data for viewing or down-loading. To overcome the heterogeneity of data resources and diversity of languages in tens of European countries, ELF builds on the existing INSPIRE rules and its own coordination and interoperability measures. ELF realisation empowers the implementation of INSPIRE in Europe and it complements related activities of European NMCAs, e.g. Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre (CUZK), which provides a large portfolio of spatial data/services and contributes significantly to the NSDI of Czech Republic. CUZK is also responsible for the Base Register of Territorial Identification, Addresses and Real Estates (RUIAN) – an important pillar of Czech e-Government. CUZK became an early-bird in implementing INSPIRE and it provides to the ELF a number of compliant datasets and web services. CUZK and the Polish NMCA (GUGiK) collaborate in the Central-European ELF Pilot (cluster) and test various cross-border prototypes. The presentation combines the national and crossborder view and experiences of CUZK and the European perspective of EuroGeographics.
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31

Crooks, David, Ian Neilson, David P. Kelsey e Ian Collier. "Building an IRIS Trust Framework". EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 03018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024503018.

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Abstract (sommario):
IRIS is the co-ordinating body of a UK science eInfrastructure and is a collaboration between UKRI-STFC, its resource providers and representatives from the science activities themselves. We describe an ongoing project to build a security policy trust framework suitable for use across the IRIS community using the AARC Policy Development Kit. Derived from existing practice, the AARC PDK aims to assist in efficiently bootstrapping a Research Infrastructure in the operation of an authentication and authorisation infrastructure in line with the AARC Blueprint Architecture, making resources accessible to researchers in an easy and secure fashion. We document the experience gained to date by the IRIS community in adopting component policies of the AARC PDK to build a trust framework to form a foundation for resource sharing, access and trust for a national infrastructure collaboration.
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32

Rodríguez, Jon Paul, Bibiana Sucre, Kira Mileham, Ada Sánchez-Mercado, Nahomy De Andrade, Simeon Bezeng Bezeng, Carmel Croukamp et al. "Addressing the Biodiversity Paradox: Mismatch between the Co-Occurrence of Biological Diversity and the Human, Financial and Institutional Resources to Address Its Decline". Diversity 14, n. 9 (26 agosto 2022): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14090708.

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Abstract (sommario):
Pressures are mounting for the adoption of a Global Biodiversity Framework that transforms conservation and sustainable use efforts worldwide. Underlying this challenge is the biodiversity paradox: biological diversity predominantly concentrates in the tropics, while human, institutional, and financial resources are primarily located at higher latitudes both north and south. Addressing the biodiversity paradox requires the expansion and mobilization of human, institutional and financial resources around the world. We outline a model championed by the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) that builds on the Species Conservation Cycle (Assess-Plan-Act-Network-Communicate) and recognizes that most conservation action occurs at the national or local level. Various strategies are applied to this end by the partners of Reverse the Red, a global movement that ignites strategic cooperation and science-based action to ensure the survival of wild species and ecosystems. The SSC contributes to Reverse the Red through two primary strategies: National Species Specialist Groups and Centers for Species Survival. By building on existing expert networks and catalyzing efforts with established local institutions, we aim to significantly expand capacity to implement conservation action at the national level and reverse the negative trends indicated by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and the Red List of Ecosystems.
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33

Osorno-Hinojosa, Roberto, Mikko Koria e Delia del Carmen Ramírez-Vázquez. "Open Innovation with Value Co-Creation from University–Industry Collaboration". Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, n. 1 (27 gennaio 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010032.

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Abstract (sommario):
While open innovation and university–industry collaboration contribute significantly to innovation in industrialized countries, it is less clear how these create value in emerging economies and new application contexts. This study examines the introduction of global practices into the Nicaraguan context. Adopting a service-dominant logic perspective of value co-creation through interaction on multiple levels, we noted the importance of systemic orchestration or staging of the ecosystem, organizations, and challenge project delivery. We also recognize the importance of enabling activities and spaces that promote innovation. While our findings indicated that the expected and perceived value creation did not fully match, we found encouraging signs of the build-up of foundational practices to support national development agendas. There is evidence of shifted mindsets and looped learning across the system. We propose a model for the systemic development of enabling structures, value creation, and innovation spaces when transferring practices into new application areas. We expect this model to be useful for practitioners when planning and engaging in transferring open innovation practices across application contexts. The study contributes to our knowledge and practice of creating value through applying open innovation within university–industry collaboration in emerging economies, a little-studied theme.
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34

Prislan, Vid, e Nico Schrijver. "From Mare Liberum to the Global Commons: Building on the Grotian Heritage". Grotiana 30, n. 1 (2009): 168–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/016738309x12537002674484.

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Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThis article addresses the heritage of Grotius's concept of common goods (res communes) as developed in his seminal work Mare liberum. This contribution identifies the basic tenets of Grotius's thinking on the nature of common property and identifies the relevance of these ideas for the present day management of global commons, i.e., the areas and natural resources beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Successively, the article examines the regimes for: the deep seabed, the high seas, and marine mammals; outer space, particularly the moon; the two polar regions; and the atmosphere, in particular the ozone layer and the climate system. The article demonstrates how some of the original tenets of Grotius's concept of res communis – in particular the idea of inexhaustibility – can no longer be upheld and how the freedom of access to the global commons has become increasingly qualified and supplemented, if not replaced by a new law of international co-operation aimed at conservation and sustainable use of natural wealth and resources beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. The global commons function as laboratories for the testing of new principles of international law and new forms of international co-operation, which can be said to clearly build upon the Grotian heritage.
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35

Сяоян, Ван. "Practical studies of the role of innovation in the concept of "building a happy society" in China (using the example of Qingpu, Shanghai)". STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES 1, n. 3 (settembre 2023): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2023-1-3-244-251.

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Abstract (sommario):
The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to strengthen the construction of the community governance system, innovate the concept of social governance centered on the people, promote the shift of the focus of social governance to the grassroots, realize the positive interaction between public governance, social adjustment, and residents’ autonomy, and create a social governance pattern of co-construction, co-governance and sharing. Communities are important part of building a harmonious society. The level of modernization of a country's governance system and governance capabilities is largely reflected in grassroots communities. Qingpu District, Shanghai aims to enhance the sense of belonging, satisfaction and happiness of community residents, build a happy society in the new era, and has made positive and constructive explorations to promote the modernization of the community governance system and governance capabilities.
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36

Reina-Rozo, Juan David, Azucena Castro, Francisco Zambrano-Caviedes e Agustín Neko Epieyu. "Technologies to embrace the sun: solarpunk-based project as an exploration for a just energy transition". Revista iberoamericana de estudios de desarrollo = Iberoamerican journal of development studies 13, n. 1 (8 maggio 2024): 162–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ried/ijds.871.

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Abstract (sommario):
The national implementation of electricity generation projects directly threatens the livelihoods of local and Indigenous communities in Latin America. Therefore, it is crucial to search for solutions to energy supply considering local needs and cosmologies. This article focuses on micro-energy production in rural settlements on the Colombian Caribbean coast. The aim is to provide insights into the relationship between energy, technology, and ancestrality through the lens of solarpunk storytelling. To explore this theme, we present the «tech to embrace the sun» initiative as a case study to co-design and imagine desirable futures by the local community of Selvatorium, in La Guajira. The results consist of the development of seven future ancestral stories co-written by community members and guests, two guides to build two prototypes, and a fanzine. The project concludes with empirical and theoretical insights for development studies about sustainable energy futures.
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37

McQuoid-Mason, D. "Is there a legal and ethical duty on doctors to inform patients of the likely co-payment costs should they be treated by practitioners who have contracted out of medical scheme rates?" South African Journal of Bioethics and Law 16, n. 3 (20 dicembre 2023): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sajbl.2023.v16i3.1470.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
A hypothetical scenario is presented in which a female patient is admitted to a private hospital to undergo a mastectomy and breast reconstruction. The surgeons and anaesthetists conducting the different procedures charge three times the medical aid rates. When the patient asks what the co-payments are likely to be, she is informed by the doctors’ accounts section that they can only provide this information after each procedure. The patient’s medical scheme also advises her that it cannot determine the likely co-payments unless she completes the assessment form sent to her. The form requires her to include the costs reflected against the relevant ICD10 codes. The patient cannot complete the form because the doctors’ accounts sections have not informed her about the proposed procedures and the likely costs of each. This article builds on a previous article discussing doctors’ overarching responsibility to disclose medical treatment costs in advance. The present article outlines the legal requirements in the South African Constitution, the National Health Act and the Health Professions Act, and refers to the Promotion of Access to Information Act and Consumer Protection Act. Similar to the earlier article, this article addresses the ethical requirements of the Health Professions Council of South Africa and the internationally recognised biomedical ethical principles. Furthermore, it also refers to the National Patients Charter, the government’s policy document on health care services.
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38

Gu, Wei, Jianyu Zhang e Yingying Sun. "Study on the Co-Development Path between the Ideological and Political Thinking of Physical Education Curriculum and the Consciousness of the Chinese Nation Community in the Frontier Minority Areas". Journal of Education and Educational Research 8, n. 1 (12 aprile 2024): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/yt6gbe33.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
Cast firmly the Chinese nation community consciousness, is to safeguard the fundamental interests of the ethnic groups is the inevitable requirement of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is the inevitable requirement of consolidating and developing equality unity mutual assistance harmonious socialist ethnic relations is the inevitable requirement of the party's ethnic work to open up new prospects. Yunnan is located in the southwest border of the motherland, is one of the most ethnic minority species and multi-ethnic cultural resources in the region. Yunnan border universities must integrate ideological and political education teaching resources, guide students to cast firmly the Chinese nation community consciousness, cultivate national feelings, enhance national confidence and pride, promote social common development. Based on this, this article will start from the perspective of ideological and political education in physical education courses, explore the mechanism of ideological and political education in physical education courses to cast firmly the Chinese nation community consciousness, discuss the strengthening of education on the national college students in Yunnan to cast firmly the national community consciousness, guide the youth of all ethnic groups to forge ahead, maintain national unity, build a beautiful home, which has practical significance for the high-quality, leapfrog development of Yunnan, and explore its practical path.
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39

Willis, Rebecca. "The role of national politicians in global climate governance". Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, n. 3 (18 novembre 2019): 885–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619887464.

Testo completo
Abstract (sommario):
The scientific case for co-ordinated global governance of the climate system is firmly established, but how does this fit with a politician’s mandate as a democratically elected representative? What role do national politicians think they can and should play in climate governance? This paper tests these questions empirically, using data from interviews with 23 Members of the UK Parliament, and a focus group of civil society advocates, conducted between 2016 and 2018. A global goal to limit climate change has been agreed through the 2015 Paris Agreement. Yet while the Agreement sets a clear goal, the means to achieve it remain firmly at the level of the nation-state, with each country assuming responsibility for its own national plan. Thus national administrations, run by elected politicians, have a crucial role to play. This study shows that, while Members of the UK Parliament have an understanding of the challenges posed by climate change and wider changes to earth systems, few have yet been able to operationalise this understanding into meaningful responses at the national level. The study highlights two, linked, reasons for this. First, politicians’ ability to act – their agency – is limited by the practicalities and procedures of everyday politics, and by the norms and cultures of their working life. Second, UK politicians feel little pressure from their electors to act on climate change, and have to work to justify why action on climate change carries democratic legitimacy. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this research, in the light of the recent high-profile climate protests and declarations of a ‘climate emergency’. It argues that politicians, working with other stakeholders, need support in order to articulate the scale and significance of global climate governance, and craft responses which build democratic support for further action.
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40

Cheibub, José Antonio, e Gisela Sin. "Preference vote and intra-party competition in open list PR systems". Journal of Theoretical Politics 32, n. 1 (gennaio 2020): 70–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629819893024.

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Abstract (sommario):
Open list proportional representation (PR) systems require that candidates seek personal votes in order to be successful. This feature of the system is considered to lead to intense competition among co-partisans and, ultimately, to weak electoral and legislative parties, narrow public policies, localism, clientelism, and corruption. We examine the distribution of personal votes among candidates from the same party for seven elections to the Brazilian national chamber of deputies (1990–2014). These elections are widely seen as hyper-competitive, particularly among candidates from the same list. Yet, the patterns in the data are not compatible with such a view. We find that the level of overall competition is considerably lower than the absolute number of parties and candidates competing would suggest. More significantly, we find that the number of viable candidates within party lists is limited and that their votes are distributed in such a way that indicates a contained competition among co-partisans during the election. These findings add to recent work that builds a more nuanced view of ballot structure, competition, and personalism.
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41

Adderley, Simon, e Lee Gray. "French artisan food co-operatives at the intersection between the artisan dimension and industrial logic – A two case study analysis". International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities 3, n. 2 (11 febbraio 2021): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijmesh.v3i2.244.

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This article provides two case studies of food manufacturing co-operatives in France. Both co-operatives were formed after large multi-national firms ceased manufacturing in a specific factory and the workers, rather than accepting redundancies, established an artisan production company based on “traditional” techniques and co-operative values. In order to do this it utilises the often overlooked literature of the artisan craft movement. While this literature has been primarily developed around the emergence of artisanship in the third world it will be argued that such conceptualisations are also useful when exploring the development of artisanship amongst co-operative companies who are re-establishing their traditional ways of working, even in the “developed world”. In doing so it builds on the work of Dickie and Frank (1996) who stated that “through crafts, tradition is maintained and/or invented, and marketed to consumers who find other meanings in the objects.” The theoretical construct posited by this article maintains that businesses with non-traditional economic models actually faced a complex and multi-faceted series of pulls in a number of different directions. Furthermore that businesses re-establishing themselves as artisan manufacturers using locally sourced materials with democratic models of governance can be directly compared to artisan craft producers from the developing world. The article draws attention to the parallels between two important research areas which have not been linked before. By doing so it has important implications for the mechanisms by which support is given to emerging co-operatives in the developed world and the a priori assumptions which underpin current policy.
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42

Chirau, Takunda J., Caitlin Blaser-Mapitsa e Matodzi M. Amisi. "Policies for evidence: a comparative analysis of Africa’s national evaluation policy landscape". Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice 17, n. 3 (1 agosto 2021): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/174426421x16104826256918.

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Background: African countries are developing their monitoring and evaluation policies to systematise, structure and institutionalise evaluations and use of evaluative evidence across the government sector. The pace at which evaluations are institutionalised and systematised across African governments is progressing relatively slowly.Aims and objectives: This article offers a comparative analysis of Africa’s national evaluation policy landscape. The article looks at the policies of Zimbabwe, South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya (not adopted) and Uganda. To achieve the aim we unpack the different characteristics taken by the national evaluation policies, emerging lessons for countries who wish to develop a national evaluation policy, and key challenges faced by countries with regard to evaluation policy development and implementation. The article draws on both a desktop review and action research approaches from the Centre for Learning on Evaluation and Results Anglophone Africa to build national evaluation systems across the region. The approach has included peer learning and co-creation of knowledge around public sector evaluation systems.Key conclusions: The national evaluation policies reviewed share certain common features in terms of purpose and composition. They are also struggling with common issues of institutionalising the evaluation system across the public sector. However, there are variations in the countries’ guiding governance frameworks at a national level that shape the nature and content of policies, as well as the ways through which the policies themselves are expected to guide the use of evaluative evidence for decision and policymaking, and programming.
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Lee, Eun Hye. "Issues Facing the National Health Insurance System in Korea and Their Solutions". Korean Medical Education Review 24, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2022): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17496/kmer.2022.24.1.10.

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South Korea is not a wasteland of publicly funded health care—instead, it has a good medical social security system known as the national health insurance (NHI). The NHI of Korea has three unique features; (1) low premiums, low insurance fees, and low coverage; (2) obligatory designation of medical institutions; (3) and allowance of non-benefit services. These features have made hospitals and doctors interested in profit-seeking. However, the commercialization of medical institutions has taken place in both private- and public-established sectors. A basic problem of commercialization is the co-existence of the obligatory designation of medical institutions and non-benefit services. The problem became worse in the Kim Dae-Jung government because it officially permitted non-benefit services. Since 2000, the Korean government has consistently pursued benefit extension policies, but the coverage rates of the NHI have stagnated. In addition, premiums and current medical expenses have markedly increased because policy-makers have emphasized accessibility to the NHI, while ignoring important principles of medical social security such as a needs-based approach and patient-referral system. In order to resolve the commercialization problem, the obligatory designation of medical institutions to the NHI should be changed to a contract system, and non-benefit services should be prohibited at NHI institutions. We must re-establish the patient-referral system via a needs-based approach. We also need to build a primary healthcare system and public health policies. We should make a long-term plan for healthcare reform.
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44

De Filippis, Tiziana, Leandro Rocchi e Elena Rapisardi. "An interoperable research data infrastructure to support climate service development". Advances in Science and Research 14 (1 febbraio 2018): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-14-335-2018.

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Abstract. Accessibility, availability, re-use and re-distribution of scientific data are prerequisites to build climate services across Europe. From this perspective the Institute of Biometeorology of the National Research Council (IBIMET-CNR), aiming at contributing to the sharing and integration of research data, has developed a research data infrastructure to support the scientific activities conducted in several national and international research projects. The proposed architecture uses open-source tools to ensure sustainability in the development and deployment of Web applications with geographic features and data analysis functionalities. The spatial data infrastructure components are organized in typical client–server architecture and interact from the data provider download data process to representation of the results to end users. The availability of structured raw data as customized information paves the way for building climate service purveyors to support adaptation, mitigation and risk management at different scales.This work is a bottom-up collaborative initiative between different IBIMET-CNR research units (e.g. geomatics and information and communication technology – ICT; agricultural sustainability; international cooperation in least developed countries – LDCs) that embrace the same approach for sharing and re-use of research data and informatics solutions based on co-design, co-development and co-evaluation among different actors to support the production and application of climate services. During the development phase of Web applications, different users (internal and external) were involved in the whole process so as to better define user needs and suggest the implementation of specific custom functionalities. Indeed, the services are addressed to researchers, academics, public institutions and agencies – practitioners who can access data and findings from recent research in the field of applied meteorology and climatology.
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45

Paim, Maria-Augusta, e Chung-Han Yang. "Nuclear decommissioning in Brazil and China: regulatory development, incompleteness and future synergy". Journal of World Energy Law & Business 11, n. 3 (24 aprile 2018): 220–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jwelb/jwy010.

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Abstract The law and regulation of nuclear infrastructure decommissioning is developing worldwide. At the international level, safety standards for the decommissioning process were established under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency, which also encourages international co-operation and gives expert advice for Member States’ projects. Advanced jurisdictions such as the UK, US and Japan have made substantial progress in the elaboration of national legislation covering issues related to the risks for safety and the environment. This article aims at assessing the Brazilian and Chinese efforts, achievements and challenges in the establishment of national decommissioning legal regimes using the analytical lenses developed by probing into the strengths exhibited by selected advanced jurisdictions’ decommissioning regulations and experiences, in namely the UK, USA and Japan. As a result, the structural perspective developed enables the assessment of the effectiveness of the decommissioning framework of jurisdictions at an earlier stage. Brazil and China have just started to build their national decommissioning nuclear power plant regimes. Besides sharing a common nuclear power plant decommissioning regulatory momentum, both countries’ asymmetric capacities in the technology sector can be reciprocally combined to create a mutually beneficial relationship.
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46

Lammers, Marc, Eden J. Zang, Anke Kügler, Jonathan Martinez, Karlina Merkens e Leila Hatch. "Cetacean acoustic monitoring across the Hawaiian archipelago: Building on Whitlow Au’s legacy". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, n. 4 (aprile 2022): A74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010702.

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The Hawaiian islands are home to more than 20 species of cetaceans and are the principal breeding ground of the north Pacific humpback whale population. The archipelago stretches more than 2500 km from Hawaii Island to Kure Atoll, creating a significant challenge for monitoring the occurrence and distribution of cetaceans across such a vast range. To meet this challenge, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the U.S. Navy have been engaged in a three-year effort to monitor the marine soundscape of the Hawaiian archipelago known as the SanctSound Project. Bottom-moored acoustic recorders were deployed at multiple locations across the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary and the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument to examine the occurrence of humpback whales and odontocetes based on the relative prevalence of their acoustic signaling. Anthropogenic sound sources were also studied to understand how these co-occur with cetaceans. Substantial spatial and temporal variability was observed in the prevalence of whale song and dolphin acoustic activity across locations with high cetacean presence sometimes overlapped with elevated anthropogenic activity. This work helps expand our understanding of how cetaceans use the archipelago and builds on the legacy of Whitlow Au, who pioneered cetacean acoustic monitoring in Hawaii.
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47

Nease, Donald, Montelle Tamez, Charlene Barrientos-Ortiz, Mary Fisher, Sarah Brewer e Linda Zittleman. "150 Engagement to Reduce COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy - The Value of Investments In Long Term Community Relationships". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 6, s1 (aprile 2022): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2022.60.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Colorado Community Engagement Alliance Against COVID-19 Disparities (CO-CEAL) Team has worked with 5 racial/ethnic communities in Colorado to understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and develop messages, materials and dissemination strategies to impact vaccine hesitancy. Relationships have been key facilitators of this work. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: CO-CEAL was funded for one year as a part of the national CEAL Teams effort. CO-CEAL engaged urban Hispanic/LatinX, rural Hispanic/LatinX, urban African/American, rural African Immigrant and urban American Indian/Alaska Native communities through Community Connectors in each community. Our Community Connectors led recruitment of community members for our community survey data collection (goal of 200 surveys from each community) and participation in our 5 Community (Boot Camp) Translations. Where possible we worked with Community Connectors and leveraged community relationships with whom we had worked over multiple years and projects. In two communities we worked to quickly build and establish new relationships with Community Connectors and their communities. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The rapid nature of the CO-CEAL project, its timeline and the unusual nature of the funding mechanism required adaptations to usual ways of working on both the academic and community side.In our CO-CEAL partner communities where there was a history of working together, concerns, possible barriers and other issues tended to be rapidly addressed. The prior existing, long-standing relationships fostered trust that enabled open airing of concerns and an ability to address issues as they arose. In CO-CEAL partner communities where new relationships were being forged, trust needed to be build from the ground up. This made adaptations more challenging and the ability to address concerns and issues as they arose more problematic. Although the work has moved forward in all communities, extra care has been required in some. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: When crises necessitate rapid action in communities, the depth of prior investments in building and maintaining relationships makes a difference in how rapidly and successfully partners can work together to address a crisis like the COVID-19 pandemic. Funders and Academic researchers should invest broadly in communities to enable rapid responses.
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48

Crooks, Hayley, Alana Armas, Joseph Fulton, Gift Tshuma, Karen Whitehead-Lye, W. Francis Fung, Sasha Elford et al. "“A program works better when the people using it help build it:” Co-Designing for Organizational Change with a Trauma-Informed Advisory Committee of Service Users ". International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (28 dicembre 2023): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23278.

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Introduction: In Canada, as in many parts of the world, people with disabilities experience structural violence; they are more likely to face social exclusion and stigma and to live in poverty than their peers without disabilities. March of Dimes Canada (MODC) is transforming its programming by centering service users’ voices in decision-making, including program design, moving forward through an organizational initiative to emerge from this study. This paper focuses on a participatory action research project nested within a larger study Empowering Client Voices. The first half outlines what trauma-informed means in the context of a large cross-disability national advisory committee. How do we build awareness and sensitivity with senior-level management and staff about ableism and systemic barriers people with disabilities and frontline workers face daily? The second half focuses on operationalizing trauma-informed practices by working alongside March of Dimes Canada’s clients to co-design community engagement principles. Method: As part of a larger participatory action research project, we have assembled an advisory committee to co-design community engagement principles to inform MODC’s transformation. We conduct monthly co-design workshops and focus groups. A researcher and facilitator with lived experience of caregiving/advocacy guides the discussion alongside service users taking leadership roles. All participants receive an honorarium in recognition of their efforts. Results: As the project progresses (data collection begins in January 2023), we will have preliminary findings relevant to researchers and practitioners engaging through co-design in academic and community fora. We have already learned that being trauma-informed in our transformational initiative with a cross-disability community means 1) co-designing with service users as partners, 2) co-creating fully accessible spaces, and 3) understanding the impacts of navigating the daily trauma of structural violence brought about by ableism and lack of access to essential supports. Beginning in January, we will be unpacking the role of language by attending to questions such as: what language do we use when approaching our service users’ complex and intersecting identities? What language do we use when approaching diagnosis, service user feedback, goal setting, and well-being in client-facing materials and staff training? Discussion and Conclusion: In running the advisory committee, at the heart of the study, we are developing and operationalizing a set of best practices to guide organizational trauma-informed practices in the context of community engagement. These best practices include 1) Community-based (co-designed) research, 2) strengths-based approaches, and 3) trauma-informed practices. MODC is intentionally shaping the advisory committees through well-established best practices of trauma-informed care in an organizational (rather than clinical) setting. These best practices along with the co-designed community engagement principles will anchor our organizational transformation in suggestions from MODC’s service users. Lessons and Future Research: In assembling our advisory committee, we are learning that (for MODC’s service users) accessibility, and universal design for access, are the foundations of trauma-informed care in the context of a cross-disability advisory committee. Future research should build on this finding by examining the implications of dis/ability, and (normalized) forms of structural violence, such as poverty and ableism, within the context of co-design with service users.
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49

Osborne, Richard H., Shandell Elmer, Melanie Hawkins, Christina C. Cheng, Roy W. Batterham, Sónia Dias, Suvajee Good et al. "Health literacy development is central to the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases". BMJ Global Health 7, n. 12 (dicembre 2022): e010362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010362.

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The WHO’s report Health literacy development for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) delivers practical what-to-do how-to-do guidance for health literacy development to build, at scale, contextually-relevant public health actions to reduce inequity and the burden of NCDs on individuals, health systems and economies. The key premise for health literacy development is that people’s health awareness and behaviours are linked to lifelong experiences and social practices, which may be multilayered, hidden and beyond their control. Meaningful community engagement, local ownership and locally driven actions are needed to identify health literacy strengths, challenges and preferences to build locally fit-for-purpose and implementable actions. Health literacy development needs to underpin local and national policy, laws and regulations to create enabling environments that reduce community exposures to NCD risk factors. Deficit approaches and siloed health system and policy responses need to be avoided, focusing instead on integrating community-based solutions through co-design, cognisant of people’s daily experiences and social practices.
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50

Truby, Helen, Margaret Allman‐Farinelli, Eleanor J. Beck, Emma L. Beckett, Catherine Bondonno, Aimee L. Dordevic, Katherine M. Livingstone, Jane Willcox e Shelley A. Wilkinson. "Advancing the decadal plan for the science of nutrition: Progressing a framework for implementation". Nutrition & Dietetics 81, n. 2 (aprile 2024): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12876.

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AbstractAimsIn 2019, the Australian Academy of Science in collaboration with the nutrition community published the decadal plan for the science of nutrition. This article aims to review progress towards each of its pillar goals (societal determinants, nutrition mechanisms, precision and personalised nutrition, and education and training) and two enabling platforms (a national data capability and a trusted voice for nutrition science), prioritise actions, and conceptualise program logic implementation models. This process also brought together public health nutrition researchers to reflect on societal determinants of health, and advise how the next 5 years of the decadal plan could reflect contemporary issues.MethodsTwo engagement events, in 2023, brought together experienced and mid‐ and early‐career nutrition professionals for co‐creation of implementation logic models.ResultsOne hundred and nine early and mid‐career professionals were involved. A revised model for the decadal plan pillars emerged from synthesis of all logic models. This new model integrated the precision and personalised nutrition pillar with nutrition mechanisms pillar. These combined pillars build towards the national data capability enabling platform and created new cross‐cutting themes for education and training. The need arose for greater focus on respectful engagement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and sustained effort to build cross‐disciplinary collaboration to realise the plan's societal determinants goals. A new alliance for nutrition science is proposed to become a unified advocacy voice and build trust in nutrition professionals.ConclusionsA programmatic approach provides a road map for implementing the decadal plan for the final 5 years.
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