Tesi sul tema "Nanotechnology"
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1
Bulatov, S., e T. N. Burenko. "Nanotechnology". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16007.
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2
Золотова, Світлана Григорівна, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova e O. I. Sidorets. "Molecular nanotechnology". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17171.
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3
Loboduk, М. "Molecular nanotechnology". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/28786.
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4
Benn, Florence. "Functional DNA nanotechnology". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1ed7a9d7-acf2-46ee-97d1-b28084b3d4cc.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis sets out to further the field of functional DNA nanotechnology through the design of novel functional DNA scaffolds, and investigates their applications and efficacy. The work presented here comprises two parts: The design of a chiral DNA nanotube that acts as a scaffold for motor motion and for an enzyme cascade; and the design of two different tetrahedral scaffolds for selection of a combination of three ligands, which together have a greater binding effect than the sum of the individual components. It begins by proposing the design of a DNA origami nanotube which distinguishes between the inside and outside face of the tube at the design stage, which most previous designs reported do not. The previous designs in the literature result in a distribution of 50:50, of one face forming the inside surface on one tube and the same face forming the outside surface of a different tube. In the design presented in this thesis, this distinction results from making the tube chiral, which forces it to roll up in a predetermined manner. Chirality is introduced by varying the positions of staple crossovers and this process is explained. The chiral tubes may stack end-to-end to form long polymers, or exist in monomeric form with stacking suppressed, by inclusion of different sets of staples at the ends of the tubes. We confirm tube formation and right-handed chirality with AFM and CD respectively. The efficacy of the tube as a scaffold for an enzyme cascade is tested and discussed in context of the wider field. No significant enhancement is observed when enzymes are tethered to the inside of the tubes, compared to when they are tethered to the outside or are free in solution, although the same slight trend is always observed. Suggestions are made to better this experiment and further understand the underlying physics of such systems. We propose using the tube as a scaffold for a DNA track, upon which a DNA motor may walk. DNA motors are introduced and we attempt to observe micron-scale, inter-tube motion within the confines of our origami tube. Initial experiments show the motor moving and we propose methods of fluorescent labeling via PAINT to better the experimental set-up for TIRF microscopy, which currently is limited by photobleaching. The second part of this thesis proposes systems for selection of a combination of three ligands, which together have a greater binding effect than the sum of the individual components. Here we design two tetrahedral systems where either three ligands or three aptamers are brought together at a vertex of the tetrahedron to form a binding domain. The aptameric system allows for selection, amplification and reassembly of the strongest binders, because the functional and structural sequences are on one strand of DNA, following ligation. This design betters the initial tetrahedral system, where the coding/record strands for amplification are separate from the functional binding domain strands the ligands are attached to. This means it is not possible to reassemble this particular structure after amplification of the record strand.
5
Svikolnik, A. "Nanotechnology in medicine". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62574.
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Золотова, Світлана Григорівна, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova e L. U. Ravluk. "Nanotechnology and medicine". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17150.
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7
Thompson, Shelley. "News about nanotechnology : a longitudinal framing analysis of newspaper reporting on nanotechnology". Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2011. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/20991/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Governments and businesses around the world have invested billions of pounds in nanotechnology research and development, and more than a thousand consumer products which manufacturers claim to involve nanotechnology are currently on the market. As such, the applications from this emerging field of science and technology have the potential for great impact on individuals and society, making it a recurring subject of news reporting worldwide. Scholars say mainstream news media are the primary places in which citizens learn about science and technology, therefore creating opportunities for democratic debate about these topics. This thesis explores the ways in which nanotechnology is reported in order to understand how journalists strive to make sense of it for their audiences. It analyses 759 articles from two opinion-leading newspapers – The Guardian and The New York Times – in order to address the following research questions: How do journalists frame nanotechnology for their audiences? How do the characteristic features of the framing processes change over time? And to what extent does the reporting open opportunities for meaningful, democratic discussion around nanotechnology? To answer these questions, the research evaluates literature around the reporting of science and technology, in particular nanotechnology. Using quantitative and qualitative approaches to framing, this thesis finds the coverage is overwhelmingly positive in its treatment of nanotechnology, suggesting it closely aligns with the business and government interests. Additionally, claims about the potential benefits of nanotechnology are prioritised over risk claims in news articles, with the most common risk and benefit claims being those that are more likely to materialise decades into the future, if ever. Altogether, in failing to discuss applications and potential risks of nanotechnology without drawing on popular culture references limits the opportunity for meaningful, democratic discussion and debate.
8
Cabrera, Laura. "Nanotechnology: Beyond Human Nature?" Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9174.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nanotechnology plays an important role in today’s society because it allows convergence to the nanoscale, that is to say to the level of atoms and molecules, as part of a miniaturization trend; and also because it is being used for improving human performance or enhancement. Nanotechnology will have a tremendous impact thanks to its potentialities, and the human desire for enhancement - and for some even the desire to reach a posthuman stage. Since nanotechnology-based human applications – cyborgs and implants – might represent a threat to what defines us as humans, namely our human nature, a different approach on the distinction between therapy and enhancement is needed in order to handle those applications in a wiser and more responsible way. This thesis will work on such approach.
9
MASIERO, LEONE PEREIRA. "EVOLUTIONARY SYNTHESIS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8879@1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOA Nanotecnologia teve seus primeiros conceitos introduzidos pelo físico americano Richard Feynman em 1959, em sua famosa palestra intitulada There´s plenty of room at the bottom (Ainda há muito espaço sobrando no fundo). Já a Inteligência Computacional tem sido utilizada com sucesso em diversas áreas no meio acadêmico e industrial. Este trabalho investiga o potencial dos Algoritmos Genéticos na otimização e síntese de dispositivos e estruturas na área de Nanotecnologia, através de 3 tipos de aplicações distintas: síntese de circuitos eletrônicos moleculares, projeto de novos polímeros condutores e otimização de parâmetros de OLEDs (Organic Light-Emitting Diodes). A síntese de circuitos eletrônicos moleculares é desenvolvida com base em Hardware Evolucionário (EHW - Evolvable Hardware) e tem como principais elementos dois dispositivos moleculares simulados em SPICE: o diodo molecular e o transistor molecular. O projeto de novos polímeros condutores é baseado em uma metodologia que combina uma aproximação tight-binding (hamiltoniano de Hückel simplificado) que representa a estrutura eletrônica de uma cadeia polimérica, empregando um AG com avaliação distribuída como mecanismo de síntese. Finalmente, a otimização de parâmetros de OLEDs é desenvolvida por meio de um método que modela o comportamento elétrico do dispositivo com multicamadas, onde cada camada possui uma proporção de MTE (material transportador de elétrons) e uma proporção de MTB (material transportador de buracos). As aplicações apresentam resultados que comprovam que o apoio de técnicas de Inteligência Computacional como os Algoritmos Genéticos no mundo nanométrico pode trazer benefícios para a criação e o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias.
The first Nanotechnology concepts were introduced by the American physicist Richard Feynman in 1959, in his famous lecture entitled There´s plenty of room at the bottom. Computational Intelligence has been successfully used in various areas in the academic and industrial worlds. This work investigates the potential of Genetic Algorithms in the optimization and synthesis of devices and structures in the Nanotechnology domain, by means of 3 types of distinct applications: synthesis of molecular electronic circuits, design of new conducting polymers and optimization of OLEDs (Organic Light-Emitting Diodes) parameters. The synthesis of molecular electronic circuits is developed based on the Evolvable Hardware (EHW) paradigm and has as main elements two molecular devices simulated in SPICE: the molecular diode and the molecular transistor. The design of new conducting polymers is based on a methodology that combines an approximated tight-binding (simplified Huckel Hamiltonian) that represents the electronic structure of a polymer chain, using a GA with distributed evaluation as the synthesis mechanism. Finally, the optimization of OLEDs parameters is developed by means of a method that models the electric behavior of multi-layer devices, where each layer has a ratio of electron transport material (ETM) to hole transport material (HTM). The applications present results that demonstrate that the use of Computational Intelligence techniques, as Genetic Algorithms, in the nanometer world can bring benefits for the creation and development of new technologies.
10
Дунаєва, Марина Миколаївна, Марина Николаевна Дунаева, Maryna Mykolaivna Dunaieva e A. Velytchenko. "DNA'a prospect in nanotechnology". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16828.
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11
Литвиненко, Галина Іванівна, Галина Ивановна Литвиненко, Halyna Ivanivna Lytvynenko e I. A. Kovalova. "Nanotechnology: reality and prospects". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17533.
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Литвиненко, Галина Іванівна, Галина Ивановна Литвиненко, Halyna Ivanivna Lytvynenko e S. N. Ocheretko. "Possibilities opened by nanotechnology". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17133.
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Mandryka, O., Ірина Анатоліївна Морозова, Ирина Анатольевна Морозова e Iryna Anatoliivna Morozova. "Nanotechnology in our life". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77839.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We live in a time of great development. However, most people do not even think that we can all contribute to the development of certain industries.The development of nanotechnology is now very important for humanity and no one can even predict what we can reach in the future with the help of it. The term "nanotechnology" should be understood as one of the fields of scientific and engineering disciplines investigating processes occurring on an atomic and molecular scale. Nanotechnology involves manipulating materials and devices of very small sizes much smaller than we are used to. Nanoparticles are generally assumed to be of sizes from 0.1 nm to 100 nm.
14
Kudrya, V. G., e D. A. Voronenko. "Designing Nanotechnology Matching Devices". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35357.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The work describes the features of simulation of the ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic interaction, which forms an internal solenoid status of monolithic integrated circuits. As an example, is the study of matching devices, which are made in the form of the band-pass lines. The proposed method of modeling, to determine the dependence of the finite frequency and temporal characteristics of the cascading schemes amplifiers. Thus, the proposed method of modeling physical processes appear not only domestic but also external display spatially distributed nano-and micro-strip technology structures.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35357
15
Золотова, Світлана Григорівна, Светлана Григорьевна Золотова, Svitlana Hryhorivna Zolotova e K. O. Pafrenenko. "Amazing possibilities of nanotechnology". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16057.
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Tee, Kheng Chok. "Cluster devices/interconnects for nanotechnology". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4081.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Integrated circuit (IC) technology has evolved rapidly but the continual development of transistors and interconnects (the connection between the transistors) is facing greater and greater challenges, which require new materials and new processes. Research in nano-particles (or nanoscale clusters) creates possibilities for both new materials and new processes. This thesis explores the electrical properties of amorphous antimony clusters and develops a new copper cluster deposition technique for application to transistors and interconnects respectively. For amorphous antimony clusters, an electron diffraction technique was applied to identify the phase of the clusters prior to deposition on electrically contacted samples. The deposition process produced uniform cluster films suitable for electrical measurements. A consistent percolation exponent for conduction (t=1.85) was obtained. After deposition, the resistance of the films continued to increase because of coalescence. Although it was previously reported that amorphous antimony films were semiconducting, from linear I(V) curves, a low temperature coefficient of resistance (10⁻⁴ K⁻¹) and no observable gate effect, it was found that the antimony cluster films in this study were not semiconducting, possibly due to the effect of coalescence. The development of the copper clusters for the interconnects application was very successful. Trenches of sub-200 nm widths, with different diffusion barriers and seed layers, and up to 5:1 aspect ratios have been completely filled with copper clusters. Due to the propensity for reflection of clusters from the planar surfaces between trenches, the process results in selective deposition into the trenches and bottom up filling is demonstrated. After annealing in hydrogen or in vacuum, the clusters sinter into a copper seed layer. The resistivity measured by a thin film four-point probe (1.6 - 2.3 × 10⁻⁸ Ωm) meets the requirement by industry (2.2 × 10⁻⁸ Ωm). The process is therefore promising for industrial application, but further testing and investigation of integration issues is required.
17
Hill, J. C. "Nanotechnology in total joint arthroplasty". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437897.
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Picciola, Emanuele R. (Emanuele Robert) 1974. "Nanotechnology : industry evolution and comparisons". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8437.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-86).
Recent scientific progress has left virtually no question that nanotechnology will become a tremendous and significant part of worldwide culture. Nanotechnology is expected to become an active part of our daily interactions with people, machines, and the environment. This vision has been set forth by someone who many consider the founder of nanotechnology, Dr. Richard Feynman. In his 1959 lecture, "There is room at the bottom", Dr. Feynman challenged scientists and researchers to discover materials and devices that could be fabricated at the atomic/molecular scale. Since Dr. Feynman's speech a significant amount of progress and numerous investments have been made securing a future for nanotechnology. The question that remains is not if nanotechnology will develop into an industry, but when might it evolve and deliver on the promises so intrepidly set forth by researchers, corporations, and investors. The when question is debated many times over in today's popular press. For certain, no one is exactly sure what when really means and for what part of this industry. What this thesis is most interested in is the how. How will nanotechnology evolve? What factors will determine the industry structure that will influence the development of this industry? How large can we expect this industry to grow? What will be the key drivers for growth? How will different members of this industry facilitate the development of this science? In the last fifty years alone, the world has witnessed the remarkable formation of two very large, socially influential, and global industries: Semiconductors and Biotechnology. These industries have many similarities and dissimilarities to nanotechnology. By studying the key factors and developments in these industries different lessons and patterns can be extrapolated which may help answer some of the burning questions surrounding nanotechnology industry evolution. The results of this analysis do indeed conclude that there are many similarities between biotechnology and semiconductors to the current nanotechnology evolution. These similarities are not only in the underlying technology, but also in funding, intellectual property development, and firm composition. Building upon this foundation, the future potential nanotechnology industry size, as well as the number of firms, and critical growth factors have been identified and articulated.
by Emanuele R. Picciola.
M.B.A.
19
Norain, Ismail. "Intellectual property rights for nanotechnology". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1627.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study is to examine intellectual property (IP) protection for nanotechnology, comparing the laws of Malaysia with those of the United Kingdom (as a member of the European Union and European Patent Convention). As well as analysing current primary and secondary legal sources, a small number of discrete interviews were conducted with key nanotechnology scientists in Malaysia and the United Kingdom to ascertain the nature and development of nanotechnology in the jurisdictions under study and to explore the experts’ perceptions of IP laws, including the pattern of protection that might be expected as the technology matures. This study argues that current intellectual property rights are appropriate to govern nanotechnology creations, so that there is no need to devise a new form of IP right for nanotechnology. The emphasis in the IP literature to date has been on patent law, but this study argues that the law of breach of confidence is also very significant, despite difficulties presented by the technology. Furthermore, from qualitative empirical and doctrinal evidence, other forms of IP protection may be applicable to some extent. This study also investigates the current term protection of different forms of IP which may be relevant to nanotechnology, including the possible application of Supplementary Protection Certificates to allow for the time taken by nanotechnology products to enter the market. Finally, some recommendations are made for both Malaysia and the United Kingdom to protect nanotechnology appropriately.
20
Chen, Wei. "Nanotechnology : resolution limits and ultimate miniaturisation". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321025.
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21
Fu, Y. "Micro-electro-mechanical systems and nanotechnology". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599251.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) and Nanotechnology have both received significant attention in recent years due to their potential for manufacturing highly miniaturised devices which consume less raw materials and energy in their production, and function with greater efficiency, speed, and reliability. The first project described in this thesis concerns the development of a novel, low cost, contamination-free nanofabrication system. This system is enabled by a MEMS-based device which has the dual functions of a high-precision AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) cantilever probe and a shadow mask. This MEMS device, which is referred to as the Nanostencil device in this thesis, has been integrated with nanoscale apertures and an AFM scanning tip using the Focussed Ion Beam (FIB) technique. The finished Nanostencil device has been used successfully for both parallel nanoscale depositions and high precision nanoscale alignments. The second project presented in this thesis is concerned with the application of MEMS technology to benefit the aircraft industry by providing a compact and robust pressure sensor capable of measuring high frequency turbulent flow velocities with improved accuracy. The information provided by such probes could be of considering help in improving the design of the next generation of aeroplanes. With the help of finite-element analysis, a pressure sensor has been designed which has a footprint of 0.7 mm, a frequency response of a few megahertz and a high thermal stability. The fabrication of this prototype has been realised through a specially developed process sequence utilising a Deep Reactive-Ion-Etching (DRIE) system. Mechanical testing of the deflection versus pressure response of the sensor provides preliminary indications that the fabricated device meets the design requirements.
22
Ullal, Adeeti (Adeeti Vedantham). "Micro and nanotechnology for cancer treatment". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83968.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D. in Biomedical Engineering)--Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 92-101).
Cancer is responsible for over 7.6 million deaths worldwide; the majority of patients fail to respond to drugs or become resistant over time. In order to gain a better understanding of drug efficacy in patients, we developed three diagnostic technologies to address limitations in sample acquisition and improve the scale and sensitivity of current cancer diagnostic tools. In the first section, we describe a hybrid magnetic and size sorting microfluidic device that isolates rare circulating tumor cells from peripheral blood. The self-assembled magnetic sorter creates strong magnetic fields and effectively removes leukocytes tagged with magnetic nanoparticles. The size sorting region retains the remaining cells in single cell capture sites, while allowing small red blood cells to pass through 5pm gaps. The device achieves over 103 enrichment, up to 96% recovery of cancer cells and allows for on-chip molecular profiling. In the second section we use a magnetic nanoparticle decorated with small molecule drugs to assay target expression and drug binding in mock clinical samples of cancer cells spiked into whole blood. Specifically, we modify a PARP inhibitor (Olabarib) and conjugate it to a dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticle. We measure the presence of the drug nanosensor based on the change in T2 relaxation time using a miniaturized, handheld NMR sensor for point-of-care diagnosis. In the final section, we detail a photocleavable DNA barcoding method for understanding treatment response via multiplexed profiling of cancer cells. We validate our method with a 94 marker panel on different cell lines with varying treatments, showing high correlations to gold standard methods such as immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Furthermore, we demonstrate single cell sensitivity, and identify a number of expected biomarkers in response to cell treatments. Finally, we demonstrate the potential of our method to help in clinical monitoring of patients by examining intra- and inter-patient heterogeneity, and by correlating pre and post-treatment tumor profiles to patient response. Together, we show how these technologies can help overcome clinical limitations and expedite advancements in cancer treatment.
by Adeeti Ullal
Ph.D.in Biomedical Engineering
23
Pechstedt, Katrin. "A nanotechnology approach to DNA analysis". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/340250/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis describes the investigation of quantum dots and nano-structured metallic films for use in single genomic DNA analysis. The fluorescence of continuously illuminated core/shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) under various atmospheric conditions is investigated experimentally. Initial enhancement in fluorescence intensity is observed followed by degradation; both are highly dependent on the atmospheric conditions. Following a series of studies theories are put forward to explain these observations. Solution mixtures of DNA strands and QDs are imaged with Atomic Force Microscopy and Fluorescence Microscopy to investigate the binding properties of DNA strands with QDs. Gold nanovoids are fabricated for use as a substrate to provide localised enhanced fluorescence intensity of fluorescently labelled regions of DNA strands stretched and located over nanovoids as a result of resonant coupling with localised surface plasmon polariton modes. The energy and electric field distribution of localised surface plasmon polaritons is considered for various void geometries for use with fluorescently labelled DNA. The experimental fluorescence intensity profile along fluorescently labelled DNA strands stretched over glass, electrochemically grown gold and gold nanovoid substrates is compared and the fluorescence lifetime is measured. Short fluorescence lifetimes and increased intensities over gold nanovoids and a constant lifetime over glass are observed. The results of these biophysical studies are discussed with a view for application as methods for distinguishing different DNA sequences on the nanoscale.
24
Skoblo, T. S., S. P. Romanyuk e T. V. Maltsev. "Application of nanotechnology in mechanical engineering". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/66718.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
New technological processes of hardening using nanotechnology have been
developed, tested and used in the manufacture. In this case, an integrated approach
is used in the study, which included constructive solutions at hardening,
application of nano- and micro-sized coatings, the choice of material and
processing technology.
New technologies of hardening are effective for work in friction, corrosion
and fatigue conditions.
25
Ryan, A. J. "Polymer Nanotechnology: the Quest for Motility". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35017.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We ask the question "what will a realistic nanobot look like?". The answer is something like a bacterium (such as e. coli) or a sperm. Both of these have a propulsion mechanism (a flagellum), a capsule containing a chemical payload and a system of sensors to detect food or the target for the payload. It is be
soft and wet, just like biology, and to exemplify this we have built a series of biomimetic devices. Our progress in the development of responsive polymer-based molecular devices is be discussed with examples of
vesicles of controlled size, synthetic muscles & flagella, and microparticles fitted with a jetpack.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35017
26
Knefel, Ann Margaret Callender. "Exploring Educational Initiatives in Nanotechnology Networks". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29575.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nanotechnology has captured the attention of governments and corporations around the
globe. It has become the subject and context for numerous conferences, media articles,
websites and scientific research papers. Nano enthusiasts and government officials claim
that it is an area that promises new understandings of nature, and use of that
understanding to build technologies that might change our lives. Despite the growing
hype surrounding this new science, what appears to be lacking is scholarly literature that
examines its growth and expansion from a social science perspective. This study
addressed this limitation through a sociological analysis of the network of actors, events,
rhetorical strategies, practices and instrumentation that went into the construction and
growth of nanotechnology. Relying heavily on actor-network theory (ANT), this study
focused on a small part of the total network referred to as the knowledge education
production process, which involved the enrolment of high school teachers into the
nanotechnology network through a series of collaborative workshops -- the
Nanotechnology Curriculum Development Project (NCDP) -- with Virginia Polytechnic
and State University (Virginia Tech) scientists over a period of two years. By
investigating how the nanotechnology network was constructed and maintained, this case
study examined the relevance of ANT as nanotechnology moved beyond the laboratory
into the public domain of high school education. It looked at the intermediary role of
high school science and math teachers and revealed the function of conflict, power,
authority, hierarchy, interests, motivations, gender and race in the construction and
expansion of scientific networks.Ph. D.
27
Duarte, Sanmiguel Silvia M. "Nanotechnology-based approaches towards modulating inflammation". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595260754695189.
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28
Wilkinson, Alexander. "Nanotechnology for the delivery of vaccines". Thesis, Aston University, 2014. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/21411/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Liposomes offer an ideal platform for the delivery of subunit vaccines, due to their versatility and flexibility, which allows for antigen as well as immunostimulatory lipids and TLR agonists to become associated with these bilayered vesicles. Liposomes have the ability to protect vaccine antigen, as well as enhance delivery to antigen presenting cells, whilst the importance of cationic surface charge for delivery of TB subunit vaccines and formation of an ‘antigen depot’ may play a key role in boosting cell-mediated immunity and Th1 immune responses. The rational design of vaccine adjuvants requires the thorough investigation into the physicochemical characteristics that dictate the function of a liposomal adjuvant. Within this thesis, physicochemical characteristics were investigated in order to show any effects on the biodistribution profiles and the ensuing immune responses of these formulations. Initially the role of liposome charge within the formulation was investigated and subsequently their efficacy as vaccine adjuvants in combination with their biodistribution was measured to allow the role of formulation in vaccine function to be considered. These results showed that cationic surface charge, in combination with high loading of H56 vaccine antigen through electrostatic binding, was crucial in the promotion of the ‘depot-effect’ at the injection site which increases the initiation of Th1 cell-mediated immune responses that are required to offer protection against tuberculosis. To further investigate this, different methods of liposome production were also investigated where antigen incorporation within the vesicles as well as surface adsorption were adopted. Using the dehydration-rehydration (DRV) method (where liposomes are freeze-dried in the presence of antigen to promote antigen encapsulation) and the double emulsion (DE) method, a range of liposomes entrapping antigen were formulated. Variation in the liposome preparation method can lead to antigen entrapment within the delivery system which has been shown to be greater for DRV-formulated liposomes compared to their DE-counterparts. This resulted in no significant effect on the vaccine biodistribution profile, as well as not significantly altering the efficacy of cationic liposomal adjuvants. To further enhance the efficacy of these systems, the addition of TLR agonists either at the vesicle surface as well as within the delivery system has been displayed through variation in the preparation method. Anionic liposomal adjuvants have been formulated, which displayed rapid drainage from the injection site to the draining lymph nodes and displayed a reduction in measured Th1 immune responses. However, variation in the preparation method can alter the immune response profile for anionic liposomal adjuvants with a bias in immune response to Th2 responses being noted. Through the use of high shear mixing and stepwise incorporation, the efficient loading of TLR agonist within liposomes has been shown. However, interestingly the conjugation between lipid and non-electrostatically bound TLR agonist, followed by insertion into the bilayer of DDA/TDB resulted in localised agonist retention at the injection site and further stimulation of the Th1 immune response at the SOI, spleen and draining lymphatics as well as enhanced antibody titres.
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Klok, Martin. "Motors for use in molecular nanotechnology". [S.l. : s.n.], 2009.
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30
Uyar, Ali Emre. "Science, finance and risk in nanotechnology". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459908371&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Deng, Wei-Qiao Kuppermann Aron. "Computation aided design in molecular nanotechnology /". Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2004. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05282004-161503.
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Dannenberg, Frits Gerrit Willem. "Modelling and verification for DNA nanotechnology". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a0b5343b-dcee-44ff-964b-bdf5a6f8a819.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
DNA nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field that creates nanoscale devices from DNA, which enables novel interfaces with biological material. Their therapeutic use is envisioned and applications in other areas of basic science have already been found. These devices function at physiological conditions and, owing to their molecular scale, are subject to thermal fluctuations during both preparation and operation of the device. Troubleshooting a failed device is often difficult and we develop models to characterise two separate devices: DNA walkers and DNA origami. Our framework is that of continuous-time Markov chains, abstracting away much of the underlying physics. The resulting models are coarse but enable analysis of system-level performance, such as âthe molecular computation eventually returns the correct answer with high probabilityâ. We examine the applicability of probabilistic model checking to provide guarantees on the behaviour of nanoscale devices, and to this end we develop novel model checking methodology. We model a DNA walker that autonomously navigates a series of junctions, and we derive design principles that increase the probability of correct computational output. We also develop a novel parameter synthesis method for continuous-time Markov chains, for which the synthesised models guarantee a predetermined level of performance. Finally, we develop a novel discrete stochastic assembly model of DNA origami from first principles. DNA origami is a widespread method for creating nanoscale structures from DNA. Our model qualitatively reproduces experimentally observed behaviour and using the model we are able to rationally steer the folding pathway of a novel polymorphic DNA origami tile, controlling the eventual shape.
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CECCHINI, PAOLO. "NANOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMATERIALS IN OPHTHALMIC SURGERY". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2908038.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness. When medical therapy is not effective in reducing the intraocular pressure, a surgical approach is needed. Trabeculecomy is the gold standard procedure, but new minimally invasive techniques are available. The ExPress glaucoma shunt is recognized as one of the most promising options and its characterization and possible improvements are the aim of the present study. The device was physically and chemically characterized. SEM images were obtained and the ExPress implant was analyzed in all aspects. Surprisingly, a high degree of roughness was observed on the surface of the internal lumen. This may cause cell adhesion and fibrin deposition, eventually leading to obstruction of the device and failure of the surgery. Cell adhesion was studied with the use of cell cultures of fibroblasts. A limited degree of cell adhesion was demonstrated on the inner lumen of the device. On an explanted Ex-Press device from a human eye, a discrete amount of biological extracellular matrix was observed. The use of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the presence of carbon on the device.
Evidence of possible cell growth and extracellular matrix deposition on the device was therefore demonstrated. Moreover, a massive bacterial contamination occurred, suggesting possible infection transmission in vivo.
The second part of the research was dedicated to define a computational model in order to study the effect of the scleral flap and the suture position on the filtration rate. A 2 D model and a 3D model were studied to simulate the outflow of aqueous from the eye. Interestingly, we demonstrated the role of the suture placing in determining the pathways of outflow. The 3D model was useful to better understand the deformation of the scleral flap and it suggested a role of the head position on the outflow pattern. Most of the outflow was estimated to occur at the sides of the scleral flap, within 2 mm from the corneal side.
Subsequently, a nanocoating was planned in order to reduce cell and bacterial adhesion on the device. The procedure allowed the formation of a layer of fluorinated silanes and polymer grafting chains, possibly with biologically active moieties. After the silane treatment, different polymers were tested using the “grafting from” technique.
Grafting from technique is based on the growth of polymers directly from the surface previously functionalized with the proper species. Monomers employed were styrene, methylmethacrylate and N,N-dimethylacrylamide. The experiments were carried out on stainless steel (SS) 316L 1x1 cm plates, in order to test the same material of the device, but with easier handling. Contact angle measures and atomic force microscopy analysis were performed to characterize the samples.
Samples were then tested for bacterial adhesion. In order to verify the anti adhesion properties, samples were compared with pristine SS plates. Samples and pristine plates were immersed in a solution of Staphylococcus Aureus, properly incubated, washed and treated in order to permit a bacteria count. The bacterial adhesion analysis showed that the Polystyrene treated plates demonstrated the lowest bacterial adhesion and vitality, while the effect of Polymethylmethacrylate and PolyN,N-dimethylacrylamide was less evident
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Triulzi, Robert C. "Nanotechnology for Molecular Recognition of Biological Analytes". Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/195.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nanotechnology is a term used to describe nanometer scaled systems. This thesis presents various nanomaterials and systems for the investigation of biologically relevant analytes in general, and in particular for their detection, decontamination, or destruction. The validation of short peptide fragments as models for protein aggregation is initially discussed through applying spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to Langmuir monolayer surface chemistry. Following this validation, the use of nanogold as a photoablative material for the destruction of aggregated protein is investigated. Subsequently, the versatility of nanotechnology is shown by investigating a different form of nanogold; namely, gold quantum dots and the interesting phenomenon that arise when dealing with materials on a nanoscale. Experiments involving a complex between these gold quantum dots and an antibody are performed for the detection of an immunoglobulin in solution. The power of this analytical technique is highlighted by the capability of detecting the analyte at nanomolar concentrations. Finally, a limitation-the multiple synthetic steps necessary for imparting biological activity-- of quantum dots is addressed: a single step reaction is studied that allows for direct stabilization and conjugation of quantum dots with proteins and enzymes. As a representative application of the above mentioned procedure, the detection and decontamination of an organophosphorus compound is explored. In general, methods for overcoming limitations of nanoparticles and nanocrystals are discussed.
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Aref, Amirreza. "Nanotechnology applied to stem cell-substratum interactions". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4448.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The modulation of biological interaction with artificial surfaces is a vital aspect of biomaterials research. Perhaps the most challenging area is transplantation involving the introduction of stem cells into the body with their ability to differentiate; the response of stem cells to implanted biomaterials (or to the host tissue) provides a uniquely sensitive way to explore biocompatibility. An understanding of how to direct specific substratumcellular responses is critical for the development of future biomaterials (e.g., for prosthesis). Attachment and spreading of a cell to and on a substratum are the first part of the process that leads to the ultimate assimilation of the new cell or prosthesis with the host tissue. Together with conventional microscopy, I have exploited a uniquely powerful noninvasive optical technique (Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy, OWLS) to quantify cell attachment and spreading of stem cells to artificial biomaterials, and determine how the cell environment (the substratum),the complex liquid medium bathing the cell, and the presence of congeners, influence attachment and spreading. My results highlight that quantitative characterisation of interfacial interactions, including their kinetics leads to uniquely new insight into cell-protein-material interactions. This knowledge will be doubtless be useful in the development of new generations of biomaterials with improved properties designed for specific applications.
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Ishihara, Yoshihiro. "DNA-inspired materials for 'bottom-up' nanotechnology". Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112640.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
DNA is a remarkable material that is both an inspiration for polymer nanotechnology and a versatile building block for assembling well-defined nanostructures. To create polymeric materials that would be useful in nanotechnology, we synthesized block copolymers containing thymine and diamidopyridine side chains. These DNA-mimetic polymers self-assembled into spherical aggregates in solution, held together by hydrogen bonding interactions. We have reported the first example of a block copolymer micellar aggregate that is capable of selective recognition of small-molecule guests, with concomitant changes in its aggregation behavior.In the field of DNA-mediated materials, the ordering of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) arrays can be hindered by the lability of AuNP-DNA linkages. In the search of an indefinitely stable AuNP-DNA linkage, three dendritic thiol-terminated DNA strands were synthesized, and were bound to AuNPs. A preliminary AuNP-DNA linkage lability study showed potential in forming nonlabile AuNP-DNA linkages through the use of dendritic thiol-modified DNA.
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Pliakas, Achilles. "Application of nanotechnology for multifunctional sportswear fabrics". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579534.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Body moisture and heat are factors connected with athlete's comfort, performance and physical condition during and after sporting activities. Up to date approaches on fabric's moisture and heat control involve: i) chemical pre- or post-treatments of the fibres, and/or the fabrics, ii) combination of original properties of fibres, by fibre blending or fabric multi-layering, or iii) increased fabric surface area or 3D structures to remove moisture from the body through the fabric volume, whilst enabling air ventilation. The novelty of the work undertaken was to develop a process which created a light- weight multifunctional textile surface for moisture and heat management that facilitates drying and cooling of athletes' body during high levels of activity. The work involved; i) plasma treatment of a light-weight knitted polypropylene (PP) fabric and the subsequent ii) nanocoating of the plasma treated surface. Both processes are environmental friendly; using minimum amount of chemicals, and with no by- products. Appropriate fabric mechanical and physical properties were obtained by extruding and fabricating the polypropylene (PP) fibres using experimental equipment. Optimum treatment parameters of the process were determined to impart hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity on opposite sides of the fabric while leaving its bulk untouched. The treated surface was evaluated by FTIR and SEM analysis, water contact angle measurements and moisture and heat transfer rates, through its bulk, with a device that was designed and constructed in the lab supported by the theoretical background of the physical processes that. took place during the moisture and heat transfer. In total, the contribution of this work to knowledge, is the design and construction of a Wilhelmy frame for dynamic contact angle measurements on fabric structures, creation of wicking of moisture through fabric structures by contact angle difference on opposite sides, developing of a single layer multifunctional surface using environmentally friendly and low cost methods, and finally the design and construction of a sweat simulator for moisture and heat transfer through fabric structure.
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Cervantes-Sodi, Felipe. "Computational nanotechnology of graphene, nanotubes and nanowires". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608465.
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Colli, Alan. "Semiconductor nanowires as building blocks for nanotechnology". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612357.
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Quach, Ashley Dung. "Design and Development of Nanoconjugates for Nanotechnology". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/130.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nanotechnology builds devices from the bottom up with atomic accuracy. Among the basic nano-components to fabricate such devices, semiconductor nanoparticle quantum dots (QDs), metal nanocrystals, proteins, and nucleic acids have attracted most interests due to their potential in optical, biomedical, and electronic areas. The major objective of this research was to prepare nano-components in order to fabricate functional nano-scale devices. This research consisted of three projects. In the first two projects, we incorporated two desirable characteristics of QDs, which are their abilities to serve as donors in fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) and surface energy transfer (SET) as well as to do multiplexing, to engineer QD-based nanoconjugates for optical and biomedical applications. Immobilizing luminescent semiconductor CdSe/ZnS QDs to a solid platform for QD-based biosensors offers advantages over traditional solution-based assays. In the first project, we designed highly sensitive CdSe/ZnS QD SET-based probes using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as FRET acceptors on polystyrene (PS) microsphere surfaces. The emission of PS-QD was significantly quenched and restored when the AuNPs were attached to and then removed from the surface. The probes were sensitive enough to analyze signals from a single bead and for use in optical applications. The new PS-QD-AuNP SET platform opens possibilities to carry out both SET and FRET assays in microparticle-based platforms and in microarrays. In the second project, we applied the QD-encoded microspheres in FRET-based analysis for bio-applications. QDs and Alexa Fluor 660 (A660) fluorophores are used as donors and acceptors respectively via a hairpin single stranded DNA. FRET between QD and A660 on the surface of polystyrene microspheres resulted in quenching of QD luminescence and increased A660 emission. QD emission on polystyrene x microspheres was restored when the targeted complementary DNA hybridized the hairpin strand and displaced A660 away from QDs. The third project involved fabrication of different nanoconjugates via self-assembly of template-based metal nanowires and metal nanoparticles using oligonucleotides as linkers. These nanoconjugates can serve as building blocks in nano-electronic circuits. The template method restricted the oligonucleotides attachment to the tip of the nanowires. Nanowires tagged with hybridizable DNA could connect to complementary DNA-modified metal crystals in a position-specific manner.
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Kursenko, I. V. "International collaboration development in nanotechnology and nanomaterials". Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81376.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Робота досліджувала розвиток міжнародного співробітництва у галузі 89 нанотехнологій та нанометрії. Проведено аналіз цієї сфери діяльності в Україні, її залежності від міжнародних інвесторів та партнерів. Метою кваліфікаційної роботи є вивчення теоретичних підходів до розвитку міжнародного співробітництва в галузі нанотехнологій та наноматеріалів. Розкриття перспектив та актуальності галузі нанотехнологій та наноматеріалів, визначення міжнародного нанотехнологічного співробітництва окремих програм, виявлення недбалості вітчизняної влади щодо перспективних напрямків науково-технічної сфери нанотехнологій, наявність перспектив у разі вдосконалення співпраці Україна щодо Європейської рамкової програми.The work investigated the development of international cooperation in the field of nanotechnology and nanometrial. The analysis of this sphere of activity in Ukraine, its dependence on international investors and partners is carried out. The purpose of qualification paper is to examine the theoretical approaches to development of international collaboration in nanotechnology and nanomaterials. Revealing the prospects and relevance of the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials, definition of international nanotechnological cooperation of individual programs, revealing the negligence of the domestic authorities towards promising areas of scientific and technological spheres of nanotechnology, availability of prospects in case of improvement of cooperation of Ukraine on the European Framework Program
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Goodman, Brian Kruzick. "Investigating Cytoskeletal Motor Mechanisms using DNA Nanotechnology". Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11222.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The microtubule cytoskeleton plays a vital role in the spatial-temporal organization of subcellular cargo required to maintain homeostasis and direct cell division. Cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin are opposite-polarity, microtubule-based motors that transport a wide variety of cargo throughout eukaryotic cells. While much is known about the stepping mechanism of kinesin from decades of study, cytoplasmic dynein's size and complexity has limited our understanding of its underlying motor mechanism. Here, a minimal, artificially-dimerized dynein motor was observed with two-color, near-simultaneous, high-precision, single-molecule imaging, which reveals the stepping pattern of each motor domain as dynein moves along the microtubule. Although the stepping behavior appeared highly irregular and erratic, with large variability in step sizes, side stepping behavior, and back stepping behavior, dynein did show evidence of tension-based, coordinated stepping. Furthermore, advances in DNA nanotechnology enabled us to engineer a synthetic motor-cargo system, referred to as a chassis, to investigate how multiple cytoskeletal motors work in teams to produce the myriad of motile behaviors observed in vivo. Specifically, the mechanisms that coordinate motor ensemble behavior was examined using three-dimensional DNA origami to which varying numbers of DNA oligonucleotide-linked motors could be attached, allowing control of motor type, number, spacing, and orientation in vitro. Ensembles of 1-7 identical-polarity motors displayed minimal interference with respect to directional velocity, while ensembles of opposite-polarity motors engaged in a tug-of-war resolvable by disengaging one motor species. This experimental system allowed us to test directly the tug-of-war proposed to occur during dynein's delivery to the microtubule plus-end by the kinesin Kip2. This work led to the mechanistic understanding that Lis1/Pac1, CLIP170/Bik1, and EB1/Bim1 proteins function to enhance kinesin's processivity, allowing it to win a tug-of-war and transport dynein toward the microtubule plus-end. Overall, this work elucidated mechanisms of ensemble motor function and dynein's stepping mechanism in addition to building significant tools to further pave the way for future studies to elucidate how cytoskeletal motors function to organize cellular cargos.
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Tamborini, M. "A NANOTECHNOLOGY APPROACH FOR GLIOBLASTOMA TARGETED THERAPY". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/351946.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an extremely aggressive type of glioma. Life expectancy is around two years after diagnosis, due to recidivism and to the presence of the blood brain barrier (BBB) restricting the amount of drugs which arrive at the residual cancer cells, thus contributing to chemotherapies failure. To overcome the impediment imposed by the BBB, we have investigated the use of nanotechnologies in synergy with radiotherapy as a prospective strategy for GBM treatment. We have used poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (PNP) conjugated to the peptide chlorotoxin (CTX), which has been shown to recognize and selectively bind to glioma cells. Silver nanoparticles have been encapsulated inside the functionalized nanoparticles (Ag-PNP-CTX), to allow detection of cellular uptake and quantification by means of confocal microscopy, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments, involving 3 different human glioblastoma cell lines, have shown that the cytoplasmic uptake of Ag-PNP-CTX is higher than that of non-functionalized nanoparticles. Experiments performed in vivo have shown high efficiency of Ag-NP-CTX particles in targeting tumor cells; however, they have been shown to be scarcely able to cross the blood brain barrier at the healthy brain level, where scattered metastatic cells are present too. A single x-rays administration on the whole brain, carried out twenty hours before the injection of the nanoparticles, has been shown to increase the levels of expression of the CTX targets MMP-2 e ClC-3. Moreover, through an alteration of BBB permeability, it has been shown to potentially increase the quantity of internalized Ag-PNP-CTX also in dispersed cells, and to lead to significant results in inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. Notably, the administration of Ag-PNP-CTX to irradiated tumor cells decreases the MMP-2 extracellular activity. By targeting scattered GBM cells and limiting MMP-2 activity, the synergic use of nanovectors conjugated with CTX and radiotherapy may represent an efficient therapeutic approach to GBM treatment.
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Joshi, Smriti. "Consommation statique dans les circuits numériques en CMOS 32nm : analyse et méthodologie pour une estimation statistique au niveau porte". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT034.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
La puissance de fuite est devenue une préoccupation majeure pour les concepteurs de circuits intégrés depuis le nœud technologique 65 nm. En outre, ces fuites sont largement impactées par la variabilité technologique qui augmente nœud après nœud. C'est pourquoi des approches statistiques, qui estiment analytiquement la distribution du courant de fuite d'un circuit, sont des techniques nouvelles et prometteuses pour les technologies avancées. Dans ce cadre, ce travail propose une méthodologie au niveau circuit, capable d’analyser la puissance de fuite, et compatible avec les contraintes de temps de conception et les flots numériques. Un premier résultat de cette étude est de déterminer les paramètres de processus physiques prédominants de la variation de la consommation de puissance statique pour un noeud de la technologie de 32 nm . Pour le travail préliminaire, nous avons utilisé un modèle de PSP 32nm afin de déterminer les paramètres physiques dominants de variation de fuite d' impact. Nous avons constaté que , à l'alimentation nominale , un processus paramètre soit la longueur de grille est le principal contributeur à la propagation de la variation de fuite et n'a plus qu'à être envisagée. Il est montré que, compte tenu seulement un ou deux paramètres peut être suffisant pour obtenir un résultat satisfaisant. Deuxièmement, l'impact des variations globales et locales sur la variabilité de fuite dans la technologie 32nm est analysé. Enfin, un nouveau portail niveau méthodologie statistique pour estimer la consommation d'énergie de fuite des circuits CMOS numériques complexes , en tenant compte des états d'entrée et les variations de processus est proposé en technologie 32nm . L' estimation des fuites statistique est basée sur une pré- caractérisation des cellules de bibliothèques tenant compte des corrélations entre les cellules fuites . Il stocke toutes les informations statistiques ( moyenne, variance pour chaque état de la cellule / entrée ) sous forme de tableau . Le temps de calcul des cellules statistique caractérisation de bibliothèque de fuite est compatible avec les flux existants. Suivant une formulation mathématique est proposé et inséré dans un flot de conception afin d'estimer la distribution de fuite de circuit . Cette méthodologie est validée sur des circuits de différents niveaux de complexité . La méthodologie proposée est simple, rapide et peut être facilement confondu avec le flux existant de conception CAD . La moyenne et la variance des cellules individuelles de fuite , qui sont ensuite combinées pour trouver le courant du circuit de fuite total se caractérisent d'abord. Pour une analyse détaillée , les corrélations entre les cellules et la longueur avec l'état des entrées sont également considérés . Puis , on introduit une formule pour calculer la fuite total du circuit en utilisant la matrice de corrélation , et la moyenne ( μ ) et la variance ( σ2 ) de chacune des cellules . Pour valider cette méthode, les comparaisons sont faites avec Monte Carlo et rapide Spice Simulator (XA) . La méthodologie complète a été validé sur les différents niveaux de circuits de complexité , les résultats présentés pour un plus grand complexe IP ( APIP) qui est constitué de cellules 11475 . Notre approche proposée plus rapide pour les grands IP ( 11K portes ) est près de 400 fois plus que simulateur spice rapide ( XA)Leakage power has become a top concern for IC designers in advanced technology nodes (65nm and below) because it has increased by 30-50% the total IC power consumption. In addition, the leakage is largely impacted by the process variations which are increasing node after node. That’s why statistical leakage estimation, which analytically estimates the leakage-current distribution of a circuit, is a new and promising technique for leakage estimation in the deep-sub micron era. The objective of this work is to propose a circuit-level methodology to analyze leakage power, compatible with design time constraints and digital flows. A first result of this work is the determination of the predominant physical process parameters for static power consumption variation for a 32 nm technology node. For the preliminary work we have used a 32nm PSP model in order to determine the dominant physical parameters that impact leakage variation. We have found that, at nominal power supply, one process parameter i.e. gate length is the main contributor to the leakage variation spread and has only to be considered. It is shown that considering only one or two parameters may be enough to get a satisfactory result. Secondly, the impact of global and local variations on leakage variability in 32nm technology is analyzed. Finally, a new gate level statistical methodology to estimate the leakage power consumption of CMOS complex digital circuits, taking into account input states and process variations is proposed in 32nm technology. The statistical leakage estimation is based on a pre-characterization of library cells considering correlations between cells leakages. It stores all statistical information (mean, variance for each cell/input state) in tabular form. Computation time of cells statistical leakage library characterization is compatible with existing flows. Next a mathematical formulation is proposed and inserted into a design flow to estimate circuit leakage distribution. This methodology is validated on circuits of different levels of complexity. The proposed methodology is simple, fast and can be easily merged with existing CAD design flow. The mean and variance of leakage individual cells, which are then combined to find the total leakage current of the circuit are characterized first. For a detailed analysis, the correlations between the cells and the length with the status of inputs are also considered. Then, a formula is introduced for calculating the total leakage from the circuit using the correlation matrix, and the mean (μ) and the variance (σ2) of each of the cells. To validate this methodology, comparisons are made with Monte Carlo and Fast Spice Simulator (XA). The complete methodology had been validated on different level of complexity circuits, results shown for a bigger complex IP (APIP) which consists of 11475 cells. Our proposed approach faster for large IP (11K gates) is nearly 400 times than fast spice simulator (XA)
45
Kopatsch, Jens. "New motifs in DNA nanotechnology and their applications". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972379592.
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Yang, Hua. "Application of nanotechnology to pathogen detection and inactivation". Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1173995793/.
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Juan, Chih-Yang Michael. "Nonviral gene transfer by chitosan polymer-based nanotechnology". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12571.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Gene therapy provides a potential alternative to conventional protein drug administration, allowing the body to produce its own drugs based on the exogenously introduced genetic information. Increasing efforts have been devoted to developing nonviral-based gene transfer systems owing to its attractive safety features. In this thesis, a nonviral chitosan/ФC31 gene transfer technology was evaluated for the delivery of two transgenes, SEAP and leptin. While SEAP reporter gene transfer allowed evaluation of delivery methods, leptin gene transfer permitted the assessment of therapeutic efficacy. Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating 2 µg SEAP or leptin transgene were able to transfect HEK 293T cells, which secreted SEAP and human leptin proteins that achieved as much as 9414 ± 169 and 74 ± 5 ng/ml, respectively. In culture, the human leptin protein expressed by the leptin constructs effectively activated the leptin signalling pathway, represented by the phosphorylation of STAT3, demonstrating the protein’s biological activity. In vivo, SEAP gene transfer, in C57BL6/j mice, was achieved via intrasplenic and i.p. chitosan nanoparticle delivery. For the i.p. route, it was revealed that, at Day 1 post gene transfer, a 60% decrease in the DNA dose from 625 to 250 µg led to an at least ~7-fold increase in circulating SEAP, detected at 371 ng/ml. Furthermore, a similar level of SEAP (353 ng/ml) was obtainable with an even lower dose of DNA (50 µg). Mice receiving a single i.p. injection of chitosan nanoparticles containing 50 µg gWIZTM-SEAP plasmid showed transgene expression kinetics characteristic of those observed with a CMV promoter, with circulating SEAP measurements of 342 ± 60, 108 ± 18, 30 ± 3, and 7 ± 1 ng/ml at Day 1, 3, 5, and 7 post-treatment. Furthermore, a rare case of successful oral SEAP gene transfer was observed following a single oral feeding of chitosan nanoparticles. These data demonstrate that the use of the chitosan/ФC31 gene transfer system can lead to successful SEAP gene transfer via the i.p. route of administration, although in vivo data did not support effective leptin gene transfer. Future studies on improving transgene vector design are warranted for further development of this gene transfer system.
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Rosenthal, Elizabeth A. "Advances in art restoration involving computers and nanotechnology". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1044.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
History
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Houck, Andrew Careaga. "A modular atomic force microscope for nanotechnology research". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100129.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 91-97).
The atomic force microscope (AFM) has become an essential tool in a wide range of fields, from materials science and semiconductor research to molecular biology. Various research efforts have enhanced the capabilities of this powerful instrument, which has enabled new insights into nanoscale phenomena. Despite decades of research, state-of-the-art AFMs are not widely utilized. In order to accelerate the proliferation and development of these instruments, a modular atomic force microscope is presented. The optical, mechanical, and instrumentation components of the AFM can all be easily exchanged. The instrument can be reconfigured for fundamentally different imaging tasks and can be used as a platform for continued research efforts. The optical beam deflection (OBD) setup can be configured for coaxial or off-axis detection for use with cantilevers of any size. A simple and low-cost design is presented, and an AFM is implemented based on the design. The instrument is tested in two different imaging configurations. First, a configuration for high-speed imaging with small cantilevers is used to image copper deposition on gold in contact mode in liquid. Second, a configuration for large cantilevers is used to visualize the mechanical properties of a polymer blend in tapping mode in air. The flexibility of the modular instrument is leveraged to develop a new capability for high-speed AFM. Multi-actuated and dual-actuated sample scanners have enhanced the high-speed performance of AFMs by combining multiple nanopositioners with different range and bandwidth characteristics. While this and other improvements have made AFM scanners effective for high-speed imaging, out-of-plane sensing has not been developed adequately. Out-of-plane sensing enhances the capability for quantitative in situ analysis by measuring changes in sample thickness during dynamic processes. This is especially useful in materials science and electrochemical applications, in which understanding of changes in bulk sample thickness is essential. A sensing methodology for high-speed dual-actuated out-of-plane positioning is presented. A silicon-type strain gauge is used to measure the displacement of the low frequency nanopositioner. A piezoelectric sensor is used to measure high-frequency displacement. The sensor is incorporated into a novel diaphragm flexure nanopositioner with annular piezoelectric actuator. Fusion of the two sensors for high-speed imaging tasks is discussed. Performance of the two sensors is evaluated, and further developments to integrate the sensing methodology into the modular atomic force microscope are discussed. Finally, the modular AFM is used in two dynamic nanoscale imaging tasks. High speed atomic force microscopy has enabled many novel discoveries across a range of applications, especially in biological fields. However, applications in materials science and electrochemistry have not been as thoroughly explored. First, electrochemical deposition of copper on gold during cyclic voltammetry (CV) trials is studied. Electrochemical data from a potentiostat during the CV trials collected in parallel with the AFM images to enrich the analysis. The effect of different initial surface conditions on deposition and stripping is observed. Second, calcite dissolution in low-pH environments is imaged. Dissolution processes in sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions are compared. It is apparent that the rhombohedral crystalline structure of the calcite clearly influences the dissolution kinetics in both cases. Erosion of thick calcite terraces is observed in both solutions. However, differences in the dissolution kinetics suggest that the anions play an important role in the process. Multi-actuated sample scanners are particularly well-suited for these two applications, as they involve rapid changes in features at the nanometer scale (e.g. calcite monolayer etch pits and copper nucleation sites) as well as the micron scale (e.g. calcite terraces and copper grains).
by Andrew Careaga Houck.
S.M.
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Cinelli, Marco. "Advancing sustainable nanotechnology with multiple criteria decision aiding". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/86095/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nanotechnology is currently emerging as the next industrial revolution. It enables the production of goods (i.e. nanoproducts, NPs) with enhanced functionalities, which have nonetheless caused mounting concerns about the potential implications they can have on the environment, economy and society. This thesis employs Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA), one form of decision support, to aid the sustainable development of nanotechnology. The first original contribution of this doctoral research is the development of a framework of sustainability assessment criteria for NPs, through a three-phase procedure based on the MCDA process, including a literature review, a pilot and a main survey. It lead to a comprehensive framework of 68 criteria, ranked according to their relative importance, allocated to six main domain areas: (i) economic performance; (ii) environmental impacts; (iii) environmental risk assessment; (iv) human health risk assessment; (v) social implications; and (vi) technical performance. All the criteria are reliable and can be used in real case studies to increase the knowledge about the sustainability of NPs. The second original contribution presented in this thesis is a robust model (DRSA-based model) based on green chemistry principles implementation for the classification of synthesis processes of nanomaterials in preference-ordered classes. This tool was developed through knowledge elicitation techniques based on coconstructive MCDA with the collaboration of two experts (the decision makers) in synthesis of nanomaterials. The robustness of the ensuing model was assessed (and confirmed) by means of another model developed ad hoc (ELECTRE-based model), structured on an MCDA method implementing a stochastic multiple criteria classification strategy. The results confirm that MCDA is an effective decision support approach to foster sustainable development of nanotechnology, providing that the analysts who apply it take these considerations into account. They must ensure that (1) multidisciplinary teams are created to perform comprehensive and credible sustainability evaluations; (2) problem structuring and model construction are as important as (if not more important) than the results (i.e. decision recommendations) themselves; (3) identification of the appropriate MCDA method depends on the problem at hand and not vice-versa; and (4) the credibility of the decision recommendations is subject to the preferences of the decision-makers. If these considerations are accounted for, the possibility of advancing nanotechnology on a sustainable path is very concrete and realistic.