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1
Foster, Shelby L., Katie Estoque, Michael Voecks, Nikki Rentz e Lauren F. Greenlee. "Removal of Synthetic Azo Dye Using Bimetallic Nickel-Iron Nanoparticles". Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (19 marzo 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9807605.
Abstract (sommario):
Bimetallic nanoparticles comprised of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) were investigated for the removal of an azo dye contaminant in water. Morphology (core shell and alloy) and metal molar ratio (Ni2Fe10, Ni5Fe10, and Ni10Fe10) were tested as key nanoparticle properties. The shelf life of the nanoparticles was tested over a 3-week period, and the effect of initial nanoparticle concentration on dye removal was evaluated. The highest initial nanoparticle concentration (1000 mg/L) showed consistent Orange G removal and the greatest extent of dye removal, as compared to the other tested concentrations (i.e., 750 mg/L, 500 mg/L, and 250 mg/L) for the same nanoparticle morphology and metal molar ratio. The metal molar ratio significantly affected the performance of the core shell morphology, where overall dye removal was found to be 66%, 89%, and 98% with an increasing molar ratio (Ni2Fe10 → Ni5Fe10 → Ni10Fe10). In contrast, the overall removal of the dye for all molar ratios of the alloy nanoparticles only resulted in a variability of ±0.005%. When stored in water for 3 weeks, core shell nanoparticles lost reactivity with an average>17% loss in removal with each passing week. However, the alloy nanoparticles were able to continually remove Orange G from solution after 3 weeks of storage to ~97% when used at a starting nanoparticle concentration of 1000 mg/L. Overall, the Ni2Fe10, Ni5Fe10, and Ni10Fe10 alloy nanoparticles with a starting nanoparticle concentration of 1000 mg/L resulted in the greatest dye removal of 97%, 99%, and 98%, respectively. Kinetic rate models were used to analyze dye removal rate constants as a function of nanoparticle properties. Kinetic rate models were seen to differ from core shell (first-order kinetics) to alloy morphology (second-order kinetics). Alloy nanoparticles resulted in as high as X kinetic rate constant, and core shell nanoparticles resulted in as high as XX kinetic rate constant. Metal leaching from the nanoparticles was investigated; alloy nanoparticles resulted in leaching of 3% Fe and 5% Ni which is similar to core shell leaching of 3.2% Fe and 4.3% Ni from the Fe10Ni10 nanoparticles.
2
Gomes de Souza Junior, Fernando, Fabiola Silveira Maranhão e João Paulo Bassin. "Magnetic Nanoparticles for Oil Removal from Water: A Short Review of Key Findings". Brazilian Journal of Experimental Design, Data Analysis and Inferential Statistics 1, n. 1 (29 dicembre 2023): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55747/bjedis.v1i1.57099.
Abstract (sommario):
This mini review provides an overview of the potential use of magnetizable nanoparticles for de-oiling water, drawing on the findings of several studies in the field. Magnetic nanoparticles demonstrate significant promise for oil removal due to their magnetic properties, which enable them to be separated from contaminated water using a magnetic field. Additionally, the surface of these nanoparticles can be modified with oil-attracting agents to enhance their oil-removal efficiency. Our systematic search in Scopus revealed that "oil," "water," "magnetic," "nanoparticles," and "removal" were the most commonly used words in the literature corpus. Through our analysis of four case studies, we gained valuable insights into the practical applications of magnetic nanoparticles for oil removal from water and observed that their unique magnetic properties make them an ideal solution for this purpose. Furthermore, our summary of key findings from the four studies revealed that optimal conditions for oil removal include a nanoparticle size range of 2-10 nm, surface modification with cationic coatings or silica and ammonium, and a concentration range of 0.31 to 5 mg/cm3 to 30-50 mg/L. The recyclability of these nanoparticles was found to be efficient, with an oil removal efficiency of approximately 97% after ten cycles. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal conditions for oil removal from water using magnetic nanoparticles, as these conditions may vary based on specific applications. In conclusion, magnetic nanoparticles offer a promising avenue for effective water de-oiling and are an area of significant interest in oil removal from water research.
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Meléndez Santana, Luis Alberto, Julia Teresa Guerra Hernández e Claudio G. Olivera-Fuentes. "H2S removal at downhole conditions using iron oxide nanoparticles". Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología 17, n. 33 (22 gennaio 2024): 1e—13e. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485691e.2024.33.69810.
Abstract (sommario):
The objective of the present work is the study of H2S removal from heavy oil, using iron oxide nanoparticles in a controlled environment that simulates the pressure and temperature conditions of a reservoir and the aqua-thermolysis process during enhanced oil recovery with steam injection. Since molecular diffusion of H2S plays an important role during the removal process, its measurement through experimental tests was also a major goal. The research divides into three stages: 1) preparation of nanoparticles; 2) diffusion tests, and, 3) H2S removal tests. The procedure for nanoparticle preparation from a microemulsion and a metal precursor salt was successful in yielding nanoparticle sizes less than 100 nm. The diffusion coefficient of H2S in heavy oil, measured in a stainless steel PVT cell, varied between 8.3 × 10–9 and 8.9 × 10–9 m2s–1 over the range of test temperatures. Finally, over 65% of the H2S was removed when 500 ppm of nanoparticles were used.
4
Talaiekhozani, Amirreza, Nilofar Torkan, Fahad Banisharif, Zeinab Eskandari, Shahabaldin Rezania, Junboum Park, Farham Aminsharei e Ali Mohammad Amani. "Comparison of Reactive Blue 203 Dye Removal Using Ultraviolet Irradiation, Ferrate (VI) Oxidation Process and MgO Nanoparticles". Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 5, n. 2 (29 dicembre 2018): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ajehe.2018.11.
Abstract (sommario):
This study investigated the effect of various parameters on the removal of Reactive Blue 203 dye from wastewater using ferrate(VI) oxidation process, ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation and MgO nanoparticles under batch mode. Although several studies have been carried out on dye removal, there is no study on the removal of Reactive Blue 203 dye using ferrate(VI) oxidation process, UV radiation, and MgO nanoparticles. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of different factors including pH, temperature, contact time, the intensity of UV radiation and the concentration of MgO nanoparticles on Reactive Blue 203 dye removal using the above-mentioned methods. The results showed that the best pH values for dye removal using UV radiation, ferrate(VI), and MgO nanoparticles were 13, 1 and 13, respectively. The best temperature for Reactive Blue 203 dye removal using ferrate(VI) was 50°C. Hence, temperature variation had no significant effect on Reactive Blue 203 dye removal using UV irradiation and absorption by MgO nanoparticles. Based on the results, the best contact time was 15 minutes using UV radiation. The removal of Reactive Blue 203 dye using ferrate(VI) oxidation process was a quick reaction, and in a fraction of a second, the reactions were completed. The results showed that dye removal using MgO nanoparticles could be described by the Temkin isotherm. Therefore, the contact time was not considered as an effective parameter. In addition, the maximum dye removals were 95, 85 and 94% using UV irradiation, ferrate(VI) and MgO nanoparticles.
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Murgueitio, Erika, Luis Cumbal, Mayra Abril, Andrés Izquierdo, Alexis Debut e Oscar Tinoco. "Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles: Application on the Removal of Petroleum Oil from Contaminated Water and Soils". Journal of Nanotechnology 2018 (2 settembre 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4184769.
Abstract (sommario):
Iron nanoparticles were produced using the extract of mortiño berry (Vaccinium floribundum) (vZVI) as reducing and stabilizer agent. Fresh nanoparticles were characterized using TEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques, while laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from water and soil after treatment with synthesized nanoscale iron particles. Nanoparticles as produced were spherical in the range of 5–10 nm. After treatment with vZVI nanoparticles, water contaminated with two concentrations of TPHs (9.32 mg/L and 94.20 mg/L) showed removals of 85.94% and 88.34%, respectively, whereas a contaminated soil with a TPHs concentration of 5000 mg/kg treated during 32 h with nanoparticles reached a removal of 81.90%. Results indicate that the addition of vZVI nanoparticles produced strong reducing conditions, which accelerate removal of TPHs and suggest that these nanoparticles might be a promising technology to clean up TPHs contaminated water and soils.
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Theurer, Jared, Oluwatobi Ajagbe, Jhouly Osorio, Rida Elgaddafi, Ramadan Ahmed, Keisha Walters e Brandon Abbott. "Removal of Residual Oil from Produced Water Using Magnetic Nanoparticles". SPE Journal 25, n. 05 (17 agosto 2020): 2482–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/199466-pa.
Abstract (sommario):
Summary Recent studies have shown encouraging results using amine-coated magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles to remove residual oil from produced water using a magnetic field. However, the manufacturing of magnetite nanoparticles requires an expensive coating operation, which limits the application of this technology in large-scale treatment operations. The goal of this study is to develop a simple, efficient, and economically feasible method for removing oil from produced water using nanoparticles. Iron oxide nanoparticles are biocompatible and even safely used in medical applications. This study focuses on the removal of residual oil from produced water using uncoated, recyclable, and less expensive maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles. These particles have shown the potential for removing oil layers from the surface of water. However, they have not been tested for their capability of removing emulsified and dissolved oil from produced water. In this study, commercial and synthesized maghemite nanoparticles were used. The maghemite nanoparticles were synthesized using the coprecipitation process. Laboratory-synthesized produced water samples with high oil concentration (1,000 ppm) were prepared by mixing medium oil with brine [1,180 ppm sodium chloride (NaCl) solution]. The nanoparticles were dispersed in 3% NaCl brine (w/w) at varying concentrations (0.31 to 5 mg/cm3) to form different nanosuspensions. Subsequently, the nanosuspensions were mixed with synthesized produced water for 10 minutes. When a magnetic field was applied to the mixture, a clear separation of the nanoparticles was observed within seconds. Residual oil in the samples was measured using nondispersive infrared spectroscopy. Oil content analysis confirmed the successful (99.9%) removal of oil from laboratory-synthesized water samples. For the real produced water samples, results showed a reduction of oil content to an undetectable level (i.e., less than 0.1 ppm). The ease of nanoparticle collection and washing after subsequent water treatments further demonstrates the feasibility of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-based separations for large-scale use in produced water treatment operations. The unique finding of this study is the elimination of one additional step of synthesizing (amine coating) MNPs. Direct use of uncoated maghemite nanoparticles with high oil removal efficiency can reduce produced water treatment costs and promote this technology as an economically feasible option within the industry.
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Ali, Imran, Alaa Elmi, Rafat Afifi Khattab, Omar M. L. Alharbi e Gunel Imanova. "Preparation and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nano-adsorbent by Enteromorpha Flexuosa Algae obtained from Yanbu Red Sea, Saudi Arabia". Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 28, n. 2 (21 novembre 2023): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.53539/squjs.vol28iss2pp28-43.
Abstract (sommario):
Water contamination caused by toxic cadmium metal ions is a worldwide problem. There is a need to explore new methods of cadmium removal from water. The green algae Enteromorpha flexuosa, obtained from the Red Sea in Yanbu, Saudi Arabia, was used to prepare iron nanoparticles. TEM, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM techniques were used to characterize the prepared nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticle's surface was rough, with nanoparticle sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm. The developed nanoparticles were used to adsorb cadmium ions from water in batch mode. With a 25.0 µg/L concentration, a temperature of 25˚C, 7.0 pH, 60 minutes contact time and 0.5 g/L dose, the maximum removal of cadmium was 48.2 µg/g. The sorption efficiency was measured using the Dubinin-Radushkevich, Temkin, Langmuir and Freundlich models. The amounts of ΔG° were -8.0, -9.93 and -12.24 kJ/mol while the values of ΔS° and ΔH° were -30.96 x 10-3 kJ/mol and 37.79 x 10-2 kJ/mol. These data confirmed the endothermic nature of cadmium metal ions removal. Along with the liquid film diffusion process, the adsorption adopted the kinetics of pseudo-second-order type. The recorded adsorption method is fast, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly and can be applied for testing the elimination of cadmium metal ions in natural waters.
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Kuru, Cansu İlke, Fulden Ulucan-Karnak e Sinan Akgol. "Metal-Chelated Polymeric Nanomaterials for the Removal of Penicillin G Contamination". Polymers 15, n. 13 (27 giugno 2023): 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15132832.
Abstract (sommario):
We developed selective and relatively low-cost metal-chelated nanoparticle systems for the removal of the penicillin G (Pen G) antibiotic, presented for the first time in the literature. In the nanosystem, poly(glycidyl methacrylate) nanoparticles were synthesized by a surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method and covalently bound with a tridentate-chelating ligand, iminodiacetic acid, based on the immobilized metal chelate affinity technique. It was modified with Cu2+, a chelating metal, to make Pen G specific. Metal-chelated nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, zeta dimensional analysis, and scanning electron microscopy technology. Optimization studies of the Pen G removal were conducted. As a result of this study, Pen G removal with the p(GMA)-IDA-Cu2+ nanoparticle reached its maximum adsorption capacity of 633.92 mg/g in the short time of 15 min. The Pen G adsorption of p(GMA)-IDA-Cu2+ was three times more than that of the p(GMA) nanoparticles and two times more than that of the ampicillin adsorption. In addition, there was no significant decrease in the adsorption capacity of Pen G resulting from the repeated adsorption–desorption process of metal-chelated nanoparticles over five cycles. The metal-chelated nanoparticle had an 84.5% ability to regain its ability to regenerate the product with its regeneration capability, making the widespread use of the system very convenient in terms of reducing cost, an important factor in removal processes.
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Pandey, Prem C., Hari Prakash Yadav, Shubhangi Shukla e Roger J. Narayan. "Electrochemical Sensing and Removal of Cesium from Water Using Prussian Blue Nanoparticle-Modified Screen-Printed Electrodes". Chemosensors 9, n. 9 (7 settembre 2021): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9090253.
Abstract (sommario):
Selective screening followed by the sensing of cesium radionuclides from contaminated water is a challenging technical issue. In this study, the adsorption functionality of Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles was utilized for the detection and efficient removal of cesium cations. An efficient PB nanoparticle-modified screen-printed electrode (SPE) in the three-electrode configuration was developed for the electrochemical sensing and removal of Cs+. PB nanoparticles inks were obtained using a facile two-step process that was previously described as suitable for dispensing over freshly prepared screen-printed electrodes. The PB nanoparticle-modified SPE induced a cesium adsorption-dependent chronoamperometric signal based on ion exchange as a function of cesium concentration. This ion exchange, which is reversible and rapid, is associated with electron transfer in the PB nanoparticle-modified SPE. Using this electrochemical adsorption system (EAS) based on chronoamperometry, the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of Cs+ ions in the PB nanoparticle-modified SPE reached up to 325 ± 1 mg·g−1 in a 50 ± 0.5 μM Cs+ solution, with a distribution coefficient (Kd) of 580 ± 5 L·g−1 for Cs+ removal. The cesium concentration-dependent adsorption of PB nanoparticles was also demonstrated by fluorescence spectroscopy based on fluorescence quenching of PB nanoparticles as a function of cesium concentration using a standard fluorophore like fluorescein in a manner analogous to that previously reported for As(III).
10
Song, Xiaozong, e Gui Gao. "Removal Mechanism Investigation of Ultraviolet Induced Nanoparticle Colloid Jet Machining". Molecules 26, n. 1 (25 dicembre 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010068.
Abstract (sommario):
Ultraviolet induced nanoparticle colloid jet machining is a new ultra-precision machining technology utilizing the reaction between nanoparticles and the surface of the workpiece to achieve sub-nanometer ultra-smooth surface manufacturing without damage. First-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) were carried out to study the atomic material removal mechanism of nanoparticle colloid jet machining and a series of impacting and polishing experiments were conducted to verify the mechanism. New chemical bonds of Ti-O-Si were generated through the chemical adsorption between the surface adsorbed hydroxyl groups of the TiO2 cluster and the Si surface with the adsorption energy of at least −4.360 eV. The two Si-Si back bonds were broken preferentially and the Si atom was removed in the separation process of TiO2 cluster from the Si surface realizing the atomic material removal. A layer of adsorbed TiO2 nanoparticles was detected on the Si surface after 3 min of fixed-point injection of an ultraviolet induced nanoparticle colloid jet. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that Ti-O-Si bonds were formed between TiO2 nanoparticles and Si surface corresponding to the calculation result. An ultra-smooth Si workpiece with a roughness of Rq 0.791 nm was obtained by ultraviolet induced nanoparticle colloid jet machining.
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Li, Gengnan, Dmitri N. Zakharov, Sayantani Sikder, Yixin Xu, Xiao Tong, Panagiotis Dimitrakellis e Jorge Anibal Boscoboinik. "In Situ Monitoring of Non-Thermal Plasma Cleaning of Surfactant Encapsulated Nanoparticles". Nanomaterials 14, n. 3 (31 gennaio 2024): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14030290.
Abstract (sommario):
Surfactants are widely used in the synthesis of nanoparticles, as they have a remarkable ability to direct their growth to obtain well-defined shapes and sizes. However, their post-synthesis removal is a challenge, and the methods used often result in morphological changes that defeat the purpose of the initial controlled growth. Moreover, after the removal of surfactants, the highly active surfaces of nanomaterials may undergo structural reconstruction by exposure to a different environment. Thus, ex situ characterization after air exposure may not reflect the effect of the cleaning methods. Here, combining X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in situ infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, and environmental transmission electron microscopy measurements with CO probe experiments, we investigated different surfactant-removal methods to produce clean metallic Pt nanoparticles from surfactant-encapsulated ones. It was demonstrated that both ultraviolet-ozone (UV-ozone) treatment and room temperature O2 plasma treatment led to the formation of Pt oxides on the surface after the removal of the surfactant. On the other hand, when H2 was used for plasma treatment, both the Pt0 oxidation state and nanoparticle size distribution were preserved. In addition, H2 plasma treatment can reduce Pt oxides after O2-based treatments, resulting in metallic nanoparticles with clean surfaces. These findings provide a better understanding of the various options for surfactant removal from metal nanoparticles and point toward non-thermal plasmas as the best route if the integrity of the nanoparticle needs to be preserved.
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Chiu, Wei-Lan, e Ching-I. Huang. "Polymer Nanoparticles Applied in the CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) Process of Chip Wafers for Defect Improvement and Polishing Removal Rate Response". Polymers 15, n. 15 (27 luglio 2023): 3198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15153198.
Abstract (sommario):
Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is a wafer-surface-polishing planarization technique based on a wet procedure that combines chemical and mechanical forces to fully flatten materials for semiconductors to be mounted on the wafer surface. The achievement of devices of a small nano-size with few defects and good wafer yields is essential in enabling IC chip manufacturers to enhance their profits and become more competitive. The CMP process is applied to produce many IC generations of nanometer node, or those of even narrower line widths, for a better performance and manufacturing feasibility. Slurry is a necessary supply for CMP. The most critical component in slurry is an abrasive particle which affects the removal rates, uniformity, defects, and removal selectivity for the materials on the wafer surface. The polishing abrasive is the source of mechanical force. Conventional CMP abrasives consist of colloidal silica, fume silica or other inorganic polishing particles in the slurries. We were the first to systematically study nanoparticles of the polymer type applied in CMP, and to compare traditional inorganic and polymer nanoparticles in terms of polishing performance. In particular, the polymer nanoparticle size, shape, solid content dosing ratio, and molecular types were examined. The polishing performance was measured for the polishing removal rates, total defect counts, and uniformity. We found that the polymer nanoparticles significantly improved the total defect counts and uniformity, although the removal rates were lower than the rates obtained using inorganic nanoparticles. However, the lower removal rates of the polymer nanoparticles are acceptable due to the thinner film materials used for smaller IC device nodes, which may be below 10 nm. We also found that the physical properties of polymer nanoparticles, in terms of their size, shape, and different types of copolymer molecules, cause differences in the polishing performance. Meanwhile, we used statistical analysis software to analyze the data on the polishing removal rates and defect counts. This method helps to determine the most suitable polymer nanoparticle for use as a slurry abrasive, and improves the reliability trends for defect counts.
13
Thilakan, Deepika, Jaie Patankar, Srushti Khadtare, Nilesh S. Wagh, Jaya Lakkakula, Khalid Mohamed El-Hady, Saiful Islam et al. "Plant-Derived Iron Nanoparticles for Removal of Heavy Metals". International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022 (18 aprile 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1517849.
Abstract (sommario):
Nanoparticle synthesis has seen exponential development recently as its characteristics of high surface area, high rate of adsorption, and easy, cost-effective synthesis have been exploited for the purpose of ground water purification via the removal of organic and inorganic compounds, along with the removal of heavy metals and microbes. The synthesis of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles (ZVI NPs) by green methods has proved to be environmentally friendly in many ways as it employs the use of naturally occurring plant extracts. These nanoparticles have large surface areas and efficiently remove heavy metals. The reducing potential of these ZVI NPs is mostly −0.44 V, thus allowing them to reduce heavy metal compounds such as cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, and arsenic present in wastewater. Irradiated nanoparticles have also exhibited antimicrobial resistance and adsorption. It is also observed that nanoparticles show a higher rate of efficacy at a lower pH. The adsorbent, which is ZVI NPs in this case, when present in large doses reduces heavy metal compounds rapidly and effectively.
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Mandal, Soumen, Rajulapati Vinod Kumar e Nagahanumaiah. "Silver and molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles synthesized in situ in dimethylformamide as dielectric for micro-electro discharge machining". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 233, n. 5 (30 settembre 2017): 1594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405417733019.
Abstract (sommario):
The research focuses on the applicability of silver (Ag) and molybdenum disulfide (MOS2) nanoparticle synthesized in situ in dimethylformamide solution as dielectric material for micro-electro discharge machining. Ag nanoparticles (~120 nm size) and MOS2 nanoparticles (~20 nm size) were synthesized in dimethylformamide solution using a combination of nanoparticle solution synthesis routes. A setup for micro-electro discharge machining was developed in-house with an arrangement to generate spark at varying voltages. The setup was integrated with a precise linear height gauge to measure the spark gap during the experiments where Ag and MOS2 nanoparticles in dimethylformamide solution served as dielectric. The debris was collected and was characterized for each of the experiments. The feature size of the crater generated during the micro-electro discharge machining was also studied. The experiments were repeated with silver and MOS2 nanoparticle powder mixed with dimethylformamide as dielectric. It was observed that in situ prepared nanoparticles in dimethylformamide offered much better machining performance in terms of process stability, crater size and material removal rates. On use of in situ synthesized nanoparticle dielectric, the material removal rate increased by nearly two to three times whereas the spark gap increased by about two times.
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Zhang, Fei Hu, Xiao Zong Song, Yong Zhang e Dian Rong Luan. "Polishing of Ultra Smooth Surface with Nanoparticle Colloid Jet". Key Engineering Materials 404 (gennaio 2009): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.404.143.
Abstract (sommario):
A nanoparticle colloid jet machining system has been developed for polishing ultra smooth surface of brittle materials. Interaction between nanoparticles and work surface in nanoparticle colloid jet machining has been given, and the theoretical dependence of the material removal rate with various important process parameters of the nanoparticle colloid jet machining have been investigated through material removal experiments. Some material removal results of nanoparticle colloid jet machining show that it is possible to obtain removal rates of one nanometer level per minute for glass surfaces with appropriate machining process parameters. A K9 glass surface was polished for obtaining ultra smooth surface. The surface roughness value of atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations is under 1nm Rms.
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Yi-cheng, Wu, Yang Ai-li, Gao Wei, Fu Hai-yan e Wang Ze-jie. "Al2O3 Nanoparticles Promote the Removal of Carbamazepine in Water by Chlorella vulgaris Immobilized in Sodium Alginate Gel Beads". Journal of Chemistry 2020 (26 maggio 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8758432.
Abstract (sommario):
The roles of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) by Chlorella vulgaris immobilized in sodium alginate gel beads were for the first time investigated. The optimum conditions to prepare immobilized C. vulgaris beads with addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles were determined as follows: C. vulgaris density was 3.0 × 106 cells for 1 mL sodium alginate solution, Al2O3 nanoparticle concentration was 0.5 g/L, and concentrations of sodium alginate and CaCl2 were 1.6% and 1%, respectively. The results showed that the proposed algae beads achieved the highest CBZ removal rate of 89.6% after 4 days of treatment, relative to 68.84%, 48.56%, and 17.76% in sodium alginate-immobilized C. vulgaris, free microalgae, and Al2O3 nanoparticle alginate beads, respectively. The results also showed that the CBZ removal rate increased with more proposed algae beads, while decreased with increased bead diameter. The algae beads exhibited excellent CBZ removal ability even after three recycles. This work provided an economical and effective approach to remove CBZ from water.
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Rahimi, Sajad, Ali Poormohammadi, Behnam Salmani, Mohammad Ahmadian e Mina Rezaei. "Comparing the photocatalytic process efficiency using batch and tubular reactors in removal of methylene blue dye and COD from simulated textile wastewater". Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 6, n. 4 (10 febbraio 2016): 574–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2016.190.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of this study was photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye using titanium dioxide nanoparticles simulated using ultraviolet in batch and tubular reactors. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the photocatalytic process on MB degradation was examined in batch and tubular reactors. The effect of dye concentration, titanium dioxide nanoparticle concentration and aeration level were examined on the process efficiency. Results showed that the removal of MB dye was directly related to the radiation time. The best removal efficiency of dye and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the batch reactor was 100% and 42.2%, respectively, while it was 93% and 47.8% in the tubular reactor (in 1.2 g/L of titanium dioxide nanoparticles at 60 min). Moreover, as dye concentration increased, dye removal rate decreased. Making use of the batch model to remove dye and COD is more efficient and can be used on a larger scale due to the required removal efficiency and wastewater discharge standards.
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Jadidian, Reza, Hooshang Parham, Sara Haghtalab e Razieh Asrarian. "Removal of Copper from Industrial Water and Wastewater Using Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Modified with Benzotriazole". Advanced Materials Research 829 (novembre 2013): 742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.742.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper shows effective removal of copper from water and industrial wastewater by modified magnetic nanoparticle with benzotriazole as an efficient adsorbent. The method is fast, simple, cheap, effective and safe for treatment of copper polluted waters. Non-modified magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) can adsorb up to 49.6% of 50 ng ml-1 of Cu (ΙΙ) ions from polluted water, but modified magnetic nanoparticles improved the efficiency up to 99.7% for same concentration. The required time for complete removal of copper ions was 5 minutes. Variation of pH and high electrolyte concentration (NaCl) of the solution do not have considerable effect on the copper removal efficiency.
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Vu, Kien A., e Catherine N. Mulligan. "An Overview on the Treatment of Oil Pollutants in Soil Using Synthetic and Biological Surfactant Foam and Nanoparticles". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n. 3 (18 gennaio 2023): 1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031916.
Abstract (sommario):
Oil-contaminated soil is one of the most concerning problems due to its potential damage to human, animals, and the environment. Nanoparticles have effectively been used to degrade oil pollution in soil in the lab and in the field for a long time. In recent years, surfactant foam and nanoparticles have shown high removal of oil pollutants from contaminated soil. This review provides an overview on the remediation of oil pollutants in soil using nanoparticles, surfactant foams, and nanoparticle-stabilized surfactant foams. In particular, the fate and transport of oil compounds in the soil, the interaction of nanoparticles and surfactant foam, the removal mechanisms of nanoparticles and various surfactant foams, the effect of some factors (e.g., soil characteristics and amount, nanoparticle properties, surfactant concentration) on remediation efficiency, and some advantages and disadvantages of these methods are evaluated. Different nanoparticles and surfactant foam can be effectively utilized for treating oil compounds in contaminated soil. The treatment efficiency is dependent on many factors. Thus, optimizing these factors in each scenario is required to achieve a high remediation rate while not causing negative effects on humans, animals, and the environment. In the future, more research on the soil types, operating cost, posttreatment process, and recycling and reuse of surfactants and nanoparticles need to be conducted.
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Ali Al-Lezami, Hajer Ahmed, e Geetha Devi. "Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles and its Application in Grey Water Treatment". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1055, n. 1 (1 luglio 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1055/1/012001.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Nanotechnology is one of the emerging technologies with unique functionalities and great potential in the removal of pollutants from waste water. Nanoparticle mediated waste water treatment is a promising alternative to traditional water treatment techniques. Considerable amount of grey water is thrown out of the household activities on a daily basis, which in turn lead to environmental pollution in the long run and hence results in increased fresh water consumption. The present study focused on the synthesis of calcium carbonate nanoparticles using homogenisation process for the treatment of grey water. The nanoparticles were characterised using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The synthesised nanoparticles were employed in the batch treatment of grey water by varying the solution pH, stirring time; stirring speed and dosage of calcium carbonate nanoparticles. The pollutant removal efficiency of the nanoparticles were assessed by measuring the Chemical Oxygen demand (COD), Total Suspended solids (TDS), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity. The study demonstrates that the optimum pollutant removal efficiency was obtained at pH 8.0, stirring speed of 100 rpm, mixing time of 75 minutes and 0.7 g dosage of calcium carbonate nanoparticles. The maximum reduction in COD at optimum processing condition was 78%. The outcome of the study suggests that calcium carbonate nanoparticle could effectively remove pollutants from grey water. This research is in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSD), which is clean water and sanitation. This community engagement project will serve the society by saving the water and to produce a clean environment.
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Dey, Pritam, Rupak Roy, Kunal Vora, Riddhi Kotak, Silpi Sarkar, Tania Paul, Komal Sharma e Priya Mitra. "Removal of chromium (VI) from solution using α–Fe2O3(hematite) nanoparticles synthesized by a facile chemical route". International Journal of Experimental Research and Review 26 (30 dicembre 2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2021.v26.003.
Abstract (sommario):
Industrial wastewater poses a great threat to both plant and animal lives because of the presence of toxic and recalcitrant compounds. Heavy metals are one of them which have been proved biologically fatal for humans if consumed above a trace amount. Chromium or Cr(VI) is one such heavy metal that is present primarily in tannery and electroplating effluents and is needed to be removed from the wastewater. Iron oxide nanomaterials can remove Cr(VI) from industrial wastewater. This study discusses the removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic solution using iron oxide nanoparticles. The α-Fe2O3(hematite) nanoparticles were synthesized using the chemical method and characterized using SEM,XRD, and FT-IR. The nanoparticles, having an average size distribution of 10-50 nm, were used to remove Cr(VI) from their single metal solution. The chromium removal study was carried out in batch mode by varying the contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, adsorbent dose, and process temperature at neutral pH under continuous mechanical agitation. The percent removal efficiency of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles at a dosage of 1 g/l was found to be 82% and 90% at initial chromium ion concentrations of 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l, respectively. The equilibrium time for both the cases was found to be 40 minutes. The highest Cr(VI) removal was achieved at an α-Fe2O3 nanoparticle dose of 3.5g/l for 50 mg/l Cr(VI) concentration. While for 100 mg/l Cr(VI) concentration, optimum α-Fe2O3 nanoparticle dose was 6g/l. Also, the optimum process temperature was determined as 303K.
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Suriyaraj, S. P., M. Benasir Begam, S. G. Deepika, P. Biji e R. Selvakumar. "Photocatalytic removal of nitrate using TiO2/polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane synthesized by co-electrospinning process". Water Supply 14, n. 4 (11 febbraio 2014): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.007.
Abstract (sommario):
The present study investigates the development of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solution by photocatalysis. The TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by conventional sol–gel method followed by blending them into PAN polymer. The blended solution was electrospun into nanofiber using the co-electrospinning technique. The nanoparticle, PAN nanofibers and the TiO2 impregnated nanofibers were characterized using suitable techniques like X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy attached with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The average size and the diameter of the TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2/PAN nanofibers were found to be 22 ± 0.32 nm and 90 ± 15 nm respectively. TiO2 nanoparticles and TiO2/PAN nanofibers showed maximum nitrate removal of 74.67 and 39% respectively at 10 mg/L nitrate concentration at pH 4. However at higher concentration (50 mg/L), the nitrate removal was found to be only 16.87%. The experimental data were fitted onto pseudo second-order kinetic model. The impregnation of TiO2 nanoparticles into the PAN nanofibers by co-electrospinning techniques lead to higher removal of nitrate in aqueous solution at lower concentration (10 mg/L and below). However at higher concentration, the TiO2/PAN nanofiber membrane was inefficient to remove nitrate.
23
Joy, Nithin, e Anne-Marie Kietzig. "In Situ Collection of Nanoparticles during Femtosecond Laser Machining in Air". Nanomaterials 11, n. 9 (31 agosto 2021): 2264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11092264.
Abstract (sommario):
Nanoparticles generated during laser material processing are often seen as annoying side products, yet they might find useful application upon proper collection. We present a parametric study to identify the dominant factors in nanoparticle removal and collection with the goal of establishing an in situ removal method during femtosecond laser machining. Several target materials of different electrical resistivity, such as Cu, Ti, and Si were laser machined at a relatively high laser fluence. Machining was performed under three different charge conditions, i.e., machining without an externally applied charge (alike atmospheric pulsed laser deposition (PLD)) was compared to machining with a floating potential and with an applied field. Thereby, we investigated the influence of three different charge conditions on the behavior of laser-generated nanoparticles, in particular considering plume deflection, nanoparticle accumulation on a collector plate and their redeposition onto the target. We found that both strategies, machining under a floating potential or under an applied field, were effective for collecting laser-generated nanoparticles. The applied field condition led to the strongest confinement of the nanoparticle plume and tightest resulting nanoparticle collection pattern. Raster-scanning direction was found to influence the nanoparticle collection pattern and ablation depth. However, the laser-processed target surface remained unaffected by the chosen nanoparticle collection strategy. We conclude that machining under a floating potential or an applied field is a promising setup for removing and collecting nanoparticles during the machining process, and thus provides an outlook to circular waste-free laser process design.
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Nguyen, Trung Dinh. "Arsenic removal from water by -FeOOH, -FeOOH nanoparticles". Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 2, n. 2 (18 maggio 2019): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v2i2.743.
Abstract (sommario):
-FeOOH and -FeOOH nanoparticle adsorbents for As(V) and As(III) removal were evident from the XRD diagrams, where the oxides appeared in the form -FeOOH and -FeOOH. The SEM image of the prepared samples revealed that the nanoparticles diameter was about 30 nm. The maximum adsorption capacities of -FeOOH for As(V) and As(III) were 77.28 and 78.65 mg/g; and -FeOOH were 63.75 and 88.99 mg/g, respectively. After 15 min, about 97–98% of initial As (III) and As(V) concentration (0.05mg/L) was removed from the solution using 1000 mg/L adsorbent. -FeOOH and -FeOOH nano particles became a promising adsorbent for the removal of As(V) and As(III) from groundwater.
25
Liang, Septimus H., Shiliang Wang e David B. Pedersen. "Adsorption of HCN onto Copper@Copper-Oxide Core–Shell Nanoparticle Systems". Adsorption Science & Technology 27, n. 4 (maggio 2009): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361709790252632.
Abstract (sommario):
Copper compounds are widely used as impregnants that enhance the removal of HCN by carbon-based filter media. The reaction mechanism involved is poorly understood. In this study, we have followed the reaction of HCN with pristine copper, copper oxide (CuO and Cu2O) and copper@copperoxide (Cu@Cu2O) core–shell nanoparticles of well-defined size and composition. We have established a cooperative reaction mechanism where both the copper oxide shell and copper core are required for the chemisorption of HCN onto copper nanoparticle impregnants. The suitability of copper@copperoxide nanoparticles as impregnants for the removal of HCN in respirator canisters is discussed.
26
Popowich, Aleksandra, Qi Zhang e X. Chris Le. "Removal of nanoparticles by coagulation". Journal of Environmental Sciences 38 (dicembre 2015): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.001.
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Wang, Zining, Junyi Chen, Zihao Pan, Hui Bai, Yan Zhang e Zhen Zhang. "The removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in water by Ni/Fe nanoparticles". E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 04028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019404028.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, the removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) by synthesized Ni/Fe nanoparticles were investigated. At the same time, the factors, such as the dosage of Ni/Fe, Ni content in Ni/Fe nanoparticles, sulfate ion, HA, coexisting substances in water which affected the removal of 2,4,6-TCP by synthesized Ni/Fe nanoparticles were also investigated. Under the experimental conditions, the removal efficiency of 2,4,6-TCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles in water was about 72% for 2 h. The dosage of Ni/Fe, Ni content in Ni/Fe nanoparticles, and Fe3+ all promoted the dechlorination reaction of 2,4,6-TCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles. Sulfate, oxalic acid and citric acid played an inhibitory role on the removal of 2,4,6-TCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles in water. Fe2+ had no obvious affect to the removal of 2,4,6-TCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles in water. In addition, low initial HA concentration was favorable for the removal of 2,4,6-TCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles, while high concentrations of HA played an inhibitory role.
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González-Rodríguez, Jorge, María Gamallo, Julio J. Conde, Zulema Vargas-Osorio, Carlos Vázquez-Vázquez, Yolanda Piñeiro, José Rivas, Gumersindo Feijoo e Maria Teresa Moreira. "Exploiting the Potential of Supported Magnetic Nanomaterials as Fenton-Like Catalysts for Environmental Applications". Nanomaterials 11, n. 11 (29 ottobre 2021): 2902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112902.
Abstract (sommario):
In recent years, the application of magnetic nanoparticles as alternative catalysts to conventional Fenton processes has been investigated for the removal of emerging pollutants in wastewater. While this type of catalyst reduces the release of iron hydroxides with the treated effluent, it also presents certain disadvantages, such as slower reaction kinetics associated with the availability of iron and mass transfer limitations. To overcome these drawbacks, the functionalization of the nanocatalyst surface through the addition of coatings such as polyacrylic acid (PAA) and their immobilization on a mesoporous silica matrix (SBA15) can be factors that improve the dispersion and stability of the nanoparticles. Under these premises, the performance of the nanoparticle coating and nanoparticle-mesoporous matrix binomials in the degradation of dyes as examples of recalcitrant compounds were evaluated. Based on the outcomes of dye degradation by the different functionalized nanocatalysts and nanocomposites, the nanoparticles embedded in a mesoporous matrix were applied for the removal of estrogens (E1, E2, EE2), accomplishing high removal percentages (above 90%) after the optimization of the operational variables. With the feasibility of their recovery in mind, the nanostructured materials represented a significant advantage as their magnetic character allows their separation for reuse in different successive sequential batch cycles.
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Ahmed, Hussein M., Neama Ahmed Sobhy, Mohamed A. El-Khateeb, Mohammed M. Hefny e Fatehy M. Abdel-Haleem. "Preparation and Characterization of Iron Nanoparticles by Green Synthesis Method and its Application in Water Treatment". Solid State Phenomena 342 (25 maggio 2023): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-r1vxsa.
Abstract (sommario):
The synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles by green synthesis method have been widely favored because of highly bio-degradable, ecofriendly, environmentally, low toxicity and highly reactive surfaces. The aim of this study, the magnetite iron nanoparticles (Fe/NPs) were preparing by waste natural materials such as banana, orange, and pomegranate peels, that’s consider as reducing agent. In this study, evaluate of the magnetite nanoparticles for removal of pollutants from wastewater, and determined of efficiency, yield, size, shape and morphology of the synthesized iron nanoparticle. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Energy disperse X-ray (EDX), and UV spectroscopy (UV-vis). The characterization of synthesized magnetite NPs was also done through-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Energy disperses X-ray (EDX), and UV spectroscopy (UV-vis). The FT-IR spectra confirmed the association of biological molecules from waste materials. The EDX and XRD data presented the elemental configuration matched with the iron element. Finally, the synthesized iron nanoparticles with pomegranate more efficiency than banana, and orange for removal of pollutants from wastewater.
30
Song, Xiaozong, Shundong Ge, Yanjiang Niu e Dengwei Yan. "Effect of external electric field on ultraviolet-induced nanoparticle colloid jet machining". Nanotechnology 33, n. 21 (4 marzo 2022): 215302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac55d0.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Electric field enhanced ultraviolet (UV)-induced nanoparticle colloid jet machining is proposed to improve the material removal efficiency of UV-induced nanoparticle colloid jet machining by applying an external electric field. The influences of TiO2 nanoparticle concentration, applied electric field voltage and pH value for the photocatalytic activity of the polishing slurry was investigated by orthogonal experiments. Terephthalic acid (TPA) was used as a fluorescent molecular probe to reflect the relative concentration of hydroxyl radical groups (·OH) in polishing slurry, which directly affects the material removal rate in the UV-induced nanoparticle colloid jet machining process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to inspect the interaction variations between the TiO2 nanoparticles and the SiC workpiece surface. The SEM and XPS results exhibit that the external electric field can enhance the adsorption of TiO2 nanoparticles on the SiC workpiece surface, which can create more interfacial reaction active centers in the polishing process. The FT-IR spectra results indicate that TiO2 nanoparticles were chemically bonded to the SiC surface by oxygen-bridging atoms in Ti–O–Si bonds. The results of fixed-point polishing experiment show that due to the enhancement effect of external electric field on the photocatalytic activity of the polishing slurry, the material removal efficiency of electric field enhanced UV-induced nanoparticle colloid jet machining is 15% higher than that of UV-induced nanoparticle colloid jet machining, and is 28% higher than that of pure nanoparticle colloid jet machining. Atomic force microscope micromorphology show that an ultra-smooth SiC workpieces with surface roughness of Rms 0.84 nm (Ra 0.474 nm) has been obtained by electric field enhanced UV-induced nanoparticle colloid jet machining.
31
Asrarian, Razieh, Reza Jadidian, Hooshang Parham e Sara Haghtalab. "Removal of Aluminum from Water and Wastewater Using Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles". Advanced Materials Research 829 (novembre 2013): 752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.752.
Abstract (sommario):
Aluminum is the most widely used non ferrous metal, but its considered as a highly toxic element in drinking water at high concentration and the trace aluminum content in food must be controlled. This paper shows effective removal of aluminum from water and industrial wastewater by magnetic nanoparticle. The method is fast, simple, cheap, effective and safe for treatment of aluminum polluted waters. Preparation of adsorbent is easy and removal time is short. magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) can adsorb up to 99.8% of 60 ng ml-1of Al ions from polluted water. The required time for complete removal of aluminum ions was 3 minutes. Variation of pH and high electrolyte concentration (NaCl) of the solution do not have considerable effect on the aluminum removal efficiency.
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Hossain, MT, MM Hossain, MHA Begum, M. Shahjahan, MM Islam e B. Saha. "Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles for chromium removal". Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 53, n. 3 (18 settembre 2018): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v53i3.38269.
Abstract (sommario):
Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel method using ferric nitrate and ethylene glycol as precursors at 250ºC and 300ºC. X-ray diffraction (XRD) study was used to determine the particle size and structural properties. The microstructural and particle size analysis were carried out using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were annealed at 250ºC obtained as smaller crystal size than that of 300ºC. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups of active compound in synthesized magnetite nanoparticles and their corresponding bands were observed in the region between 500cm-1 and 4000cm-1 of infrared radiation. The observed peaks at wave number 574cm-1 and 424cm-1 due to the vibration of tetrahedral and octahedral sites which is indicative the formation of spinel structure of magnetite (Fe3O4). Removal of Cr was found 80% by the synthesized magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles 25g/L at pH 4.0 and contact time was 250 minutes. The results showed that prepared magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles can be used for the treatment of wastewater containing chromium.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.53(3), 219-224, 2018
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Sushil, Kumar, Chaudhary Ganga Ram, Chaudhary Savita e Umar Ahmad. "Lanthanide Oxide Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation: A Review". MatSci Express 01, n. 01 (1 marzo 2024): 03–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.69626/mse.2024.0003.
Abstract (sommario):
The lanthanide oxide nanoparticles were used for the removal of pollutants towards environmental remediation. The enhanced properties and effectiveness of nanotechnology based materials makes them particularly suitable contender in detection of pollutants. The used particles synthesized by facile and easy method with additional standard modification. The origin of pollutants, their toxicity and influential effect of respective pollutants on the environment, humans and ecological system studied in details. The prepared nanoparticles as highly efficient probes, with novel methodology utilized for detection and removal of pollutants. The easy, cost effective and efficient technologies were performed for sensing of these pollutants. This article deals with mainly detection of pollutants present in water, air and soil by using nanomaterial. Further, these nanoparticle is utilized in degradation of various types of pollutants present in the environment.
34
Liu, T. Y., L. Zhao, X. Tan, S. J. Liu, J. J. Li, Y. Qi e G. Z. Mao. "Effects of physicochemical factors on Cr(VI) removal from leachate by zero-valent iron and α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles". Water Science and Technology 61, n. 11 (1 giugno 2010): 2759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.167.
Abstract (sommario):
The effects of nanoparticle dosage, initial hexavalent chromium concentration, pH value, reaction temperature, and initial concentration of humic acid (HA) on chromate (CrO42−) removal from landfill leachate by nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) and hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were examined in the present investigations. The Cr(VI) removal rate decreased as the initial Cr(VI) concentration and the reaction temperature increased, whereas corresponding removal rate by NZVI was higher than that of α-Fe2O3. The optimum pH for the removal of Cr(VI) by NZVI was found to be 5.0 and more than 99.0% of Cr(VI) was removed within 5 h. However, the removal rate by α-Fe2O3 decreased as pH increased. Presence of HA resulted in substantial reduction in the rate and extent of Cr(VI) removal by NZVI, whereas Cr(VI) removal rate by α-Fe2O3 did not significantly decrease as HA concentration increased from 0.5 g/L to 3.0 g/L. Increasing the dosage of nanoparticles enhanced the rate constant and the removal of Cr(VI) by NZVI and α-Fe2O3 followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The information should be very useful for the successful application of NZVI and α-Fe2O3 for the treatment of groundwater or raw wastewater.
35
Zhao, Fang, Jenny Perez Holmberg, Zareen Abbas, Rickard Frost, Tora Sirkka, Bengt Kasemo, Martin Hassellöv e Sofia Svedhem. "TiO2 nanoparticle interactions with supported lipid membranes – an example of removal of membrane patches". RSC Advances 6, n. 94 (2016): 91102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra05693h.
36
Sepehri, S., M. Heidarpour e J. Abedi-Koupai. "Nitrate removal from aqueous solution using natural zeolite-supported zero-valent iron nanoparticles". Soil and Water Research 9, No. 4 (10 novembre 2014): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11/2014-swr.
Abstract (sommario):
A report on the synthesis and characterization of nanoscale zero-valent iron in the presence of natural zeolite as a stabilizer is presented. This novel adsorbent (Ze-nZVI) was synthesized by the sodium borohydride reduction method. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the stabilized nZVI particles were uniformly dispersed across the zeolite surface without obvious aggregation. The synthesized Ze-nZVI material was then tested for the removal of nitrate from aqueous solution. The effect of various parameters on the removal process, such as initial concentration of nitrate, contact time, initial pH, and Ze-nZVI dosage, was studied. Batch experiments revealed that the supported nZVI materials generally have great flexibility and high activity for nitrate removal from aqueous solution. The nitrogen mass balance calculation showed that ammonium was the major product of nitrate reduction by Ze-nZVI (more than 84% of the nitrate reduced); subsequently the natural zeolite in Ze-nZVI removed it completely via adsorption. The kinetic experiments indicated that the removal of nitrate followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The removal efficiency for nitrate decreased continuously with an increase in the initial solution pH value and Ze-nZVI dosage but increased with the increase in the initial concentration of nitrate. The overall results indicated the potential efficacy of Ze-nZVI for environmental remediation application.
37
Thao, N. T. T., D. H. Nguyen, Pham The Kien, Thanh-Tung Duong, Nguyen Thi Kim Lien, Doan Quang Tri, Duong Thi Thuy Linh e N. T. Lan. "Effect of Magnetic Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticle Size on Arsenic (V) Removal from Water". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, n. 4 (1 aprile 2021): 2576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.19113.
Abstract (sommario):
Magnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with average sizes of 5.11, 10.53, and 14.76 nm were synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation method. The surface area of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (average size of 5.11 nm) had the largest value of 167 m2/g. The adsorption capacity for removing arsenic (As(V)) from water at 3 ppm concentration was investigated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results showed that the As(V) adsorption capacity of Fe3O4 was dependent on particle size. The maximum absorption efficiency (Hmax) reached 99.02%, the equilibrium time was 30 min; the maximum Langmuir isotherm adsorption capacity was 14.46 mg/g with Fe3O4 nanoparticle an average size of 5 nm. The results indicate that reducing the size of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is a promised way for As(V) ion removal from water and wastewater treatment.
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Mad Akahir, Aida Atikah, Zainab Mat Lazim e Salmiati Salmiati. "Removal of silver nanoparticles using phytoremediation method". Environmental and Toxicology Management 1, n. 2 (31 agosto 2021): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/etm.v1i2.2265.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper presents on removal of silver nanoparticles using phytoremediation. In this study, floating macrophyte (Pistia stratiotes) was used for phytoremediation of silver nanoparticles. This study investigated the performance of Pistia stratiotes in the removal of silver nanoparticles using phytoremediation method. The silver nanoparticles were green synthesized by using Muntingia calabura sp. leaves as reducing and stabilizing agent. The silver nanoparticles were successful synthesized as a peak appeared at wavelength 450 nm by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, while Pistia stratiotes had been acclimatized in tank at laboratory. Similar size of Pistia stratiotes had been employed for investigation. Each selected Pistia stratiotes was placed in 5 L bottles water containing different concentration (0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm, 2.0 ppm and 3.0 ppm) of silver nanoparticles. This study was evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometer for five days. The results showed that the highest removal was achieved 69.88% at concentration of 0.5 ppm. This percentage removal relatively decreased up to 55.61% as concentration increase at 3.0 ppm. These results prescribed that phytoremediation of silver nanoparticles by Pistia stratiotes can be considered to apply and implement in water environment for AgNPs removal.
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Tamer, T. M., W. M. Abou-Taleb, G. D. Roston, M. S. Mohyeldin, A. M. Omer e E. F. Shehata. "Characterization and Evaluation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared Using Hydrogel Template Based on Phosphonate Alginate". Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia 9, n. 2 (25 giugno 2019): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210681207666170907154359.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Currently, the use of nano-sorbent for the aqueous heavy metals removal is popular among researchers. Methods: In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles were developed as a promising adsorbent for Cr (VI) removal from its aqueous solution. Simple template surface method based on phosphonated alginate biopolymer was employed for the nanoparticles preparation. Different physical characterization tools such as FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XRD and magnetic properties were applied to investigate the physicochemical character of the developed nanoparticles. Batch experiments were used to study the applicability of iron oxide nanoparticles for Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions under different preparation conditions. The effects of initial Cr (VI) concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature on the removal process were also optimized. Results indicate that the removal efficiency of Cr (VI) increased from 14.44% to 67.85% with increasing iron oxide nanoparticles dosage from 0.025g to 0.3g. Furthermore, the removal percent rose from 39.11% to 56.04% by increasing the environmental temperature up to 50°C. While it decreased with increasing initial concentration of Cr (VI). Results: The best results of removal were recorded at pH=2. Conclusion: Overall, the obtained results indicate that the developed iron oxide nanoparticles could be effectively used as adsorbents for removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions.
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Ndebele, Nkosinobubelo, Joshua Edokpayi, John Odiyo e James Smith. "Field Investigation and Economic Benefit of a Novel Method of Silver Application to Ceramic Water Filters for Point-Of-Use Water Treatment in Low-Income Settings". Water 13, n. 3 (25 gennaio 2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030285.
Abstract (sommario):
In this study, we report on field testing of ceramic water filters (CWFs) fabricated using a new method of silver application (using silver nitrate as a raw material) compared to conventionally manufactured CWFs (fabricated with silver nanoparticles). Both types of filters were manufactured at the PureMadi ceramic filter production facility in Dertig, South Africa. Thirty households received filters fabricated with silver nitrate (AgNO3), and ten of those households were given an extra filter fabricated with silver nanoparticles. Filter performance was quantified by measurement of total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) removal and silver residual concentration in the effluent. Silver-nitrate CWFs had removal efficiencies for total coliforms and E. coli of 95% and 99%, respectively. A comparison of the performance of silver-nitrate and silver-nanoparticle filters showed that the different filters had similar levels of total coliform and E. coli removal, although the silver nitrate filters produced the highest average removal of 97% while silver nanoparticles filters recorded an average removal of 85%. Average effluent silver levels were below 10 ppb for the silver-nitrate and silver-nanoparticle filters, which was significantly below the Environmental Protection Agencies of the United States (EPA) and World Health Organization (WHO) secondary guidelines of 100 ppb. Silver-nitrate filters resulted in the lowest effluent silver concentrations, which could potentially increase the effective life span of the filter. A cost analysis shows that it is more economical to produce CWFs using silver nitrate due to a reduction in raw-material costs and reduced labor costs for production. Furthermore, the production of silver-nitrate filters reduces inhalation exposure of silver by workers. The results obtained from this study will be applied to improve the ceramic filtration technology as a point-of-use (POU) water treatment device and hence reduce health problems associated with microbial contamination of water stored at the household level.
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Wasewar, Kailas, Sapana S. Madan e Shekhar Pandharipande. "Modeling the adsorption of benzeneacetic acid on CaO2 nanoparticles using artificial neural network". Resource-Efficient Technologies, n. 5 (22 dicembre 2016): S53—S62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24056529/2016/5/83.
Abstract (sommario):
The present work reported a method for removal of benzeneacetic acid from water solution using CaO2 nanoparticle as adsorbent and modelingthe adsorption process using artificial neural network (ANN). CaO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical precipitation technique. Thecharacterization and confirmation of nanoparticles have been done by using different techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), highresolution field emission scanning electron microscope (HR-FESEM),transmittance electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM(HRTEM) analysis. ANN model was developed by using elite-ANN software. The network was trained using experimental data at optimumtemperature and time with different CaO2 nanoparticle dosage (0.002–0.05 g) and initial benzeneacetic acid concentration (0.03–0.099 mol/L).Root mean square error (RMS) of 3.432, average percentage error (APE) of 5.813 and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.989 were found forprediction and modeling of benzeneacetic acid removal. The trained artificial neural network is employed to predict the output of the given set ofinput parameters. The single-stage batch adsorber design of the adsorption of benzeneacetic acid onto CaO2 nanoparticles has been studied withwell fitted Langmuir isotherm equation which is homogeneous and has monolayer sorption capacity.
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Mohamadiun, Malihe, Behnaz Dahrazma, Seyed Fazlolah Saghravani e Ahmad Khodadadi Darban. "REMOVAL OF CADMIUM FROM CONTAMINATED SOIL USING IRON (III) OXIDE NANOPARTICLES STABILIZED WITH POLYACRYLIC ACID". Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 26, n. 2 (27 giugno 2018): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2017.1364645.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticle, stabilized with polyacrylic acid on cadmium removal from the contaminated soils. To investigate the effect of important parameters, including nanoparticle concentration, pH, contact time, and the ratio of contaminated soil mass to nanofluid volume, several batch tests were performed. The maximum removal rate (100%) of cadmium was obtained in the following conditions: nanofluid concentration = 500 ppm, pH = 6.5, contact time = 24 hr and the ratio of contaminated soil mass (gr) to nanofluid volume (mL) = 1:150. Results of selective sequential extraction tests showed that the distribution of cadmium in different fractions of the soil was carbonates, oxides and hydroxides, residual fraction, exchangeable, and organic matter respectively. The tendency of nanoparticles for removal of Cd2+ from the soil fractions was in the order of: exchangeable > carbonates > oxides and hydroxides > organic matter > residual.
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Antony, Jismy, V. Meera, Vinod P. Raphael e P. Vinod. "Application of greenly synthesised zero-valent iron nanoparticles for iron removal from aqueous system". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1326, n. 1 (1 giugno 2024): 012129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1326/1/012129.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The green synthesis of nanoparticles, an eco-friendly and easy method, is of great interest due to versatile applications of nanomaterials in multiple fields, especially in water/wastewater treatment. The green synthesis of nano iron particles using Amaranthus dubius leaves extracts using liquid phase reduction was investigated and employed for iron remediation from aqueous system. The synthesized nanoparticles size, surface area, morphology, functional groups, composition, and point of zero charge were investigated. Results showed that A. dubius extract mediated nanoparticles were 1-3 nm spherical particles with aggregations and possessed surface area of 12.76 m2g−1. FTIR exposed the presence of C-O, –NH or –OH stretching and bending vibrations of –CH bonds found in various groups. The effects of different process parameters like pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and influent iron concentration on iron removal capacity of greenly synthesised zero-valent iron nanoparticle (GnZVI), were examined. GnZVI achieved 47.6% iron removal from a solution having 0.5ppm influent iron at optimised conditions of pH 10 and dose 5gL−1 after 3 h treatment. The removal efficiency was found to decreases with increase in influent iron concentration and reached 31.8% removal for 10 mgL−1 influent iron concentrations. The study revealed the feasibility of utilizing GnZVI for achieving desirable limit of iron for potable purposes from water with lower concentration of iron.
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Jiang, Wenjun, Miguel Pelaez, Dionysios D. Dionysiou, Mohammad H. Entezari, Dimitra Tsoutsou e Kevin O’Shea. "Chromium(VI) removal by maghemite nanoparticles". Chemical Engineering Journal 222 (aprile 2013): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.02.049.
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Habuda-Stanić, Mirna, e Marija Nujić. "Arsenic removal by nanoparticles: a review". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22, n. 11 (21 marzo 2015): 8094–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4307-z.
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Ouyang, Hezhong, Shuyan Liu, Dandan Liu, Yan Wang, Shuping Xu e Shengying Pan. "Fabrication of magnetic cobalt-nickel ferrite nanoparticles for the adsorption of methyl blue in aqueous solutions". Materials Research Express 8, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2021): 105013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac3106.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract An innovative method of combustion–calcination of a nitrate–ethanol solution to produce magnetic Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles was developed. The calcination temperature and the volume of ethanol were two pivotal elements that determine the properties of the Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles in this study. When the volume of ethanol used was increased from 20 ml to 40 ml, the crystallinity of the Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles increased; further increase of the volume of ethanol decreased the crystallinity. The smallest nanoparticle was obtained using 20 ml ethanol. As the calcination temperature increased from 400 °C to 700 °C, the saturation magnetization of the Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles increased from 12.8 emu g−1 to 30.8 emu g−1. Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles fabricated using 20 ml ethanol at 400 °C were used to study the removal of methyl blue (MB) by adsorption. Experimental data revealed that the adsorption was best described by pseudo-second kinetics. The adsorption isotherm applied the Temkin model, which indicated the presence of a single and multilayer associative mechanism in the adsorption of MB on the Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles. The effect of pH and recycling on the adsorption was measured. At pH values ≥5, the adsorption was high. After eight cycles of use and recycling, the relative removal rate of MB by the Co0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles was 75% of the initial adsorption value.
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Malhat, Farag, Osama I. Abdallah, Mohamed Hussien, Ahmed M. Youssef, Fahad M. Alminderej e Sayed M. Saleh. "Enhanced Adsorption of Azoxystrobin from Water by As-Prepared Silica Nanoparticles". Coatings 13, n. 7 (22 luglio 2023): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071286.
Abstract (sommario):
Nanoparticles are of great interest for water treatment as they remove a significant portion of water contaminants. In analogy to these emerging practices, the present work investigated the feasibility of using silica nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) to remove azoxystrobin from an aqueous solution. We investigated the effects of experimental parameters, such as solution temperature, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial azoxystrobin concentration, on the removal efficiency of azoxystrobin. Structural and chemical analysis of the synthesized nanoparticles was performing using X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and surface studies. The percentage of azoxystrobin removal efficiency was 92.8 at an initial azoxystrobin concentration of 10 mg/L. The result showed that by increasing the adsorbent dosage from 0.005 to 0.1 mg, the percentage removal efficiency of azoxystrobin from aqueous solution increased significantly from 59.72% to 95.21%. At the same time, the adsorption amount of azoxystrobin in equilibrium decreased with increasing temperature. It was found that the optimum temperature for removing azoxystrobin was 20 °C. Although the study was conducted under well-controlled laboratory conditions, the silica nanoparticle system showed excellent performance in removing a significant amount of azoxystrobin, making it a potential alternative/cooperator in water treatment for removing pesticides from aqueous solutions.
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Ratih, Diatri Nari, Raras Ajeng Enggardipta e Aqilla Tiara Kartikaningtyas. "The Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticle as A Final Irrigation Solution on The Smear Layer Removal, Micro-hardness and Surface Roughness of Root Canal Dentin". Open Dentistry Journal 14, n. 1 (14 febbraio 2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602014010019.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Root canal irrigation is one of the most important stages during root canal treatment. One of the requirements of root canal irrigation material is that it can eradicate the smear layer but does not alter the physical properties of the root canal dentin. Objective: To investigate the effect of chitosan nanoparticle as a final irrigation solution on the smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness of root canal dentin. Methods: Seventy-two premolars used in this study and divided by three evaluations, namely smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness. Each study used 24 teeth and was assigned randomly into three groups of eight teeth. Group-1, final irrigation with 17% EDTA; group-2, with 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles; group-3, with 2.5% NaOCl. Specimens were evaluated for smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness using a Scanning Electron Microscope, Vickers hardness tester and surface roughness measuring instrument, respectively. Data obtained from smear layer removal evaluation were statically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U and data from micro-hardness and surface roughness were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: Final irrigation using 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles produced similar smear layer removal than 17% EDTA (P>0.05), but it was greater than 2.5% NaOCl (P<0.05). Chitosan had higher micro-hardness and lower surface roughness than EDTA (P<0.05), but it was the same as 2.5% NaOCl (P>0.05). Conclusion: Final irrigation using 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles had the same effect on smear layer removal compared to 17% EDTA; however, 0.2% chitosan produced higher micro-hardness and lower surface roughness of root canal dentin than 17% EDTA.
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Talaiekhozani, Amirreza, Abbas Heydari Chaleshtori, Farhad Banisharif, Zeinab Eskandari, Mohammad Nasiri, Farham Aminsharei, Junboum Park, Shahabaldin Rezania e Maryam Bazrafshan. "Removal of Acid Orange 7 dye from wastewater using combination of ultraviolet radiation, ultrasonic method, and MgO nanoparticles". Environmental Health Engineering and Management 6, n. 3 (2 luglio 2019): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ehem.2019.18.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Industrial dyes are toxic and carcinogenic, therefore, they should be removed from wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of acid orange 7 Dye from wastewater using ultraviolet (UV) radiation, MgO nanoparticles, ultrasonic method alone and in combination with each other. Methods: The effects of some factors such as temperature, pH, hydraulic retention time (HRT), UV power, and concentration of MgO nanoparticles on the removal of Acid Orange 7 dye from synthetic wastewater using different methods were investigated. Also, adsorption isotherms for MgO nanoparticles and kinetics for UV radiation were investigated. Results: The optimum HRT was 55 minutes while the temperature was not effective in dye removal using the ultrasonic method. Under optimum conditions for UV irradiation method (HRT = 70 minutes, UV power = 170 mW/cm2, and temperature = 10˚C), 58% of the dye was removed. However, under optimum conditions for MgO nanoparticles method (HRT = 15 minutes, temperature = 20˚C, and ratio of MgO nanoparticles to the initial dye concentration = 67.2), 82% of the dye was removed. By combining these methods, the dye removal efficiency was significantly increased. The combination of ultrasonic method and MgO nanoparticles had no significant effect on increasing the dye removal efficiency from wastewater. It was revealed that dye removal using UV radiation can be described by the first-order kinetics. Conclusion: According to the results, UV radiation has a synergistic effect on the dye adsorption process by MgO nanoparticles. Therefore, the combination of these methods can be effective for the removal of dye from wastewater.
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Tagesse, Wendimagegn. "Adsorptive Removal of Chromium (VI) Using Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Via Green Approach with the Extract of Moringastenopetala". Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, n. 2 (30 aprile 2021): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370217.
Abstract (sommario):
In the current study, the potential sorption of Cr (VI) ions through a zero-valent silver nanoparticle synthesized by a green approach has been studied. The objective of this research was to remove Cr (VI) from aqueous solution using zero-valent silver nanoparticles synthesized from Moringa stenopetala leaves extract. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffractometer and UV-visible spectrophotometer. The grain size of nanoparticles was found to be 19.5 nm confirming the crystalline structure of the mesosphere and showed the maximum absorption at 419 nm. In order to determine parameters that influence the adsorption mechanism, batch adsorption experiments have been conducted. Results obtained for removal of Cr (VI) ions showed that efficiency of removal improved as adsorbent dosage increased until the equilibrium point reached at 50 minutes. However, as the pH of the solution increased from 1 to 8, and as the Preliminary concentration of Cr increased, removal efficiency decreased. Adsorption isotherms were investigated by applying the models of Langmuir and Freundlich. The Freundlich isotherm can better explain the removal of Cr (VI) ions, offering correlation coefficient values greater than the Langmuir isotherm model. Adsorption kinetics regression results studied by the pseudo-first and second-order models moreover proved that a pseudo-first-order was further accurately represented by the adsorption kinetics. In order to alleviate wastewater problems, the implementation of this approach is able to cost-effective, eco-friendly and publicly viable. To improve its removal effectiveness and compare it with other adsorbents, additional study on surface modification of this adsorbent is required.