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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Nanofiltration"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 9 novembre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Nanofiltration"

khan, Nida tabassum. "Nanofiltration-Concept and Prospects". Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research 4, n. 4 (3 dicembre 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-7247/047.

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Nanofiltration is a pressure-driven film measure for fluid stage detachments. It is employed in numerous applications due to lower energy utilization and higher motion rates. The properties of nanofiltration membranes lie between those of non-permeable reverse osmosis layers and permeable ultrafiltration layers where partition is typically thought to be because of size rejection and, sometimes, charge impacts. The improvement of nanofiltration development as a practical association over continuous years has provoked a pivotal extension in its application in different endeavours, for instance, treatment of blurring effluents from the material industries, division of medications from development stocks, demineralization in the dairy business, and metal recovery from wastewater and disease clearing

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Ramli, Mohd Redzuan, Nik Meriam Nik Sulaiman, Mustafa Ali Mohd e Mohamad Fairus Rabuni. "Performance of chlorination process during nanofiltration of sulfonamide antibiotic". Water Science and Technology 72, n. 9 (20 luglio 2015): 1611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.367.

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The effectiveness of combined nanofiltration and disinfection processes was studied by comparing the pre-disinfection and post-disinfection when in combination with nanofiltration. Four types of sulfonamide (sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfadimethoxine) were chosen as substrates, with sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant. A laboratory-scale nanofiltration system was used to conduct the following sets of experiment: (1) a pre-chlorination system, where the free active chlorine (FAC) was added to the membrane influent; and (2), a post-chlorination system, where the FAC was added to the membrane effluent. Overall, the pre-disinfection nanofiltration system showed higher sulfonamide removal efficiency compared to the post-chlorination nanofiltration system (>99.5% versus >89.5%). In the case of limited FAC ([FAC]0: [sulfonamide]0 ≤ 1), the removal efficiency for the post-chlorination nanofiltration system was higher, due to the prior nanofiltration process that could remove 12.5% to 80% of sulfonamide. The flux of the treated feed system was considerably higher than in the untreated feed system; however, the membrane was observed to be slightly damaged due to residual chlorine attack.

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Liu, Xi, e Wei Wang. "The Application of Nanofiltration Technology in Recovery of Ionic Liquids from Spinning Wastewater". Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (maggio 2012): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.499.

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In this paper, the effects of the concentration, temperature, and run-time of ionic liquids solution, on the rejection capacity of home-made hollow fiber composite nanofiltration membrane were studied. Then the nanofiltration membrane was used to the recover ionic liquids by concentrating spinning wastewater. The results shows that: The rejection rate of the composite nanofiltration membranes and its water fluxes lightly down with the concentration of ionic liquids increase; with running-time and temperature of ionic liquid solution increase, the rejection rate of the composite nanofiltration membranes decreases, but its water flux increases; the nanofiltration membrane can be use for recovering ionic liquid from the spinning wastewater and get very good recovery effects.

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Liikanen, R., H. Kiuru, T. Tuhkanen e M. Nyström. "Nanofiltration membrane fouling by conventionally treated surface water". Water Supply 3, n. 5-6 (1 dicembre 2003): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2003.0165.

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Abstract (sommario):

Nanofiltration is a very effective technique for improving the removal of trace organics after a conventional chemical water treatment train. However, the fouling of the membranes decreases the applicability of the process, and thus, an understanding and control of membrane fouling are crucial for a more widespread use of nanofiltration in water treatment. The fouling of different nanofiltration membranes by pre-treated surface waters was investigated in a laboratory-scale filtration unit in this study. The results indicate that the traditional chemical treatment does not remove membrane foulants from the surface water. No correlation was found between the feed water constituents and nanofiltration performance, but most feed water components are expected to interact in membrane fouling. Actually, the performance of the nanofiltration process was more related to membrane than to feed water characteristics.

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Weng, Rengui, Guohong Chen, Xin He, Jie Qin, Shuo Dong, Junjiang Bai, Shaojie Li e Shikang Zhao. "The Performance of Cellulose Composite Membranes and Their Application in Drinking Water Treatment". Polymers 16, n. 2 (20 gennaio 2024): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16020285.

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Water scarcity and water pollution have become increasingly severe, and therefore, the purification of water resources has recently garnered increasing attention. Given its position as a major water resource, the efficient purification of drinking water is of crucial importance. In this study, we adopted a phase transition method to prepare ZrO2/BCM (bamboo cellulose membranes), after which we developed IP-ZrO2/BC-NFM (bamboo cellulose nanofiltration membranes) through interfacial polymerization using piperazine (PIP) and tricarbonyl chloride (TMC). Subsequently, we integrated these two membranes to create a combined “ultrafiltration + nanofiltration” membrane process for the treatment of drinking water. The membrane combination process was conducted at 25 °C, with ultrafiltration at 0.1 MPa and nanofiltration at 0.5 MPa. This membrane combination, featuring “ultrafiltration + nanofiltration,” had a significant impact on reducing turbidity, consistently maintaining the post-filtration turbidity of drinking water at or below 0.1 NTU. Furthermore, the removal rates for CODMN and ammonia nitrogen reached 75% and 88.6%, respectively, aligning with the standards for high-quality drinking water. In a continuous 3 h experiment, the nanofiltration unit exhibited consistent retention rates for Na2SO4 and bovine serum protein (BSA), with variations of less than 5%, indicating exceptional separation performance. After 9 h of operation, the water flux of the nanofiltration unit began to stabilize, with a decrease rate of approximately 25%, demonstrating that the “ultrafiltration + nanofiltration” membrane combination can maintain consistent performance during extended use. In conclusion, the “ultrafiltration + nanofiltration” membrane combination exhibited remarkable performance in the treatment of drinking water, offering a viable solution to address issues related to water scarcity and water pollution.

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Khramtsov, A. G., e V. N. Sergeev. "Technological breakthrough of the agrarian-and-food innovations in dairy case for example of universal agricultural raw materials. Nanofiltration". Agrarian-And-Food Innovations 12 (25 dicembre 2020): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31208/2618-7353-2020-12-7-19.

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Aim. Consideration nanofiltration as a process of membrane technology – directed and controlled filtration of whey through special semipermeable partitions (membrane filters) with a pore size of 1-5 nm, carried out at a pressure of 0.7-4.0 MPa with the release of particles with a molecular weight of 0.5-1.0 kDa. Discussion. Nanofiltration allows you to separate the whey as a system by the size of the components – microparticles and macromolecules. In this case, from pre – separated, processed by microfiltration and ultrafiltration of whey to nanoconcentrate (retentate) pass almost all the compounds of whey, and in nanofiltrate (permeate) - only monovalent ions of mineral salts and partially some organic acids. Nanofiltration, in the logistics of molecular sieve separation of whey, takes over from ultrafiltration and is a harbinger of reverse osmosis. The theoretical foundations of the nanofiltration process are developed at a fairly good level. The basic element of the process is the membranes. Based on the conducted research, we can recommend the nanofiltration process for industrial processing of salted whey into milk sugar (lactose) and for concentrating whey and its ultrafiltrates before electrodialysis or ion exchange desalination. Nanofiltration is already widely used in the production of high-quality lactose (milk sugar). Considerable interest nanofiltration cottage cheese (acid) whey with the purpose of concentration, demineralization and sensory nanoconcrete for the enrichment of ice cream. Conclusion. Nanofiltration can be quite reasonably used for processing, within the framework of the Technological Breakthrough, universal agricultural raw materials – for example, whey and its ultrafiltrates – for the purpose of concentration, directed demineralization, lowering the level of organic acids and controlling sensorics. The resulting nanoconcentrate (retentate) can be used to scale functional products.

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Inouye, Masaharu, e Thierry Burnouf. "The Role of Nanofiltration in the Pathogen Safety of Biologicals: An Update". Current Nanoscience 16, n. 3 (2 aprile 2020): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413715666190328223130.

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Nanofiltration technology to remove possible pathogenic viruses during biopharmaceutical manufacturing was introduced in the biopharmaceutical industry in 1989. The very first industrial implementation took place in the early 1990s, through commercial manufacturing processes of plasma- derived medical products. Then it was applied to recombinant protein medical products, including monoclonal antibodies. In the first review published in 2005 in this journal, the technology was already considered promising and was much welcomed by the industry, but it was still a relatively emerging technology at that time, and many questions were raised about its robustness as a reliable virus-removal tool. We conducted a review to update the published information (SCI journals and suppliers’ documentation) existing on the use of nanofiltration as an industrial process for removing viruses from various biologicals. After almost a decade from the previous review, nanofiltration has established itself as a routine production step in most biopharmaceutical manufacturing. It has become one of the essential manufacturing processes used to assure safety against viral contamination. The technology is applied to manufacturing processes of various biologicals (human plasma products and complex recombinant proteins, such as coagulation factors and monoclonal antibodies made from mammalian cells). Many biologicals that undergo nanofiltration are licensed by regulatory authorities, which illustrates that nanofiltration is recognized as a robust and safe virus-removal method. No adverse events related to the use of nanofiltration have been recorded. New trends in nanofiltration technology continue to appear. As was identified during its introduction to the market and predicted in the previous review, nanofiltration has achieved major technical breakthroughs for ensuring the safety of biologicals, particularly human plasma-derived products, against viruses.

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Chang, F. F., e W. J. Liu. "Arsenate removal using a combination treatment of precipitation and nanofiltration". Water Science and Technology 65, n. 2 (1 gennaio 2012): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.833.

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A combination treatment of Ca-precipitation and nanofiltration membrane was studied to remove arsenate from water. The selected nanofiltration membrane was an amphoteric charged membrane, proved by the results of ATR-FTIR spectra and zeta potential. The arsenate and calcium removal efficiencies had the lowest values at the isoelectric point of the nanofiltration membrane, attributed to the loosest steric hindrance and the weakest electrostatic repulsion. Above the isoelectric point, arsenate precipitated with calcium ion to form the low solubility compound calcium arsenate, while steric hindrance was the main mechanism of arsenate removal. In contrast, below the isoelectric point, the nanofiltration membrane with positive charges rejected calcium ion by electrostatic repulsion. The high electrostatic shielding of calcium ion prevented arsenate from coming close to the NF membrane. Either high feed arsenate concentration or high calcium oxide dose improved the removal amount of arsenate during the nanofiltration membrane separation process. In addition, the arsenate removal efficiency approached the highest value at 200 μg/L of feed arsenate concentration. The optimal transmembrane pressure was in a range of 0.5–0.7 MPa to restrict the formation of fouling cake on the nanofiltration membrane surface.

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Wang, Xin Miao, e Hai Yan Yang. "The Nanofiltration Technology of Metoprolol in the Water Environment". Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (giugno 2014): 1013–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.1013.

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Metoprolol (MET) is a common kind of Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), which belongs to a new type of organic micropollutants. And conventional water and wastewater treatment technology cannot remove the MET effectively, so it is necessary to adopt nanofiltration technology for advanced treatment. The influence factors on removal of Metoprolol (MET) in water by nanofiltration are mainly investigated in the study. According to the results, the removal rate of MET by nanofiltration all can reach more than 99% with the initial concentration increasing. Then the removal rate of MET by nanofiltration at different pressure values, pH, salt ionic strength conditions are also studied. The results have shown that the removal rate is increasing from 90.0% to about 99.0% while pressure goes up. When pH=5, the removal rate of MET by nanofiltration is slightly increasing. And the removal rate is decreasing from more than 98.0% to more than 92.0% with salt ionic strength increasing.

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Liu, Qian Ying, Jun Rui Wu, Yi Ming Liu e Ri Na Wu. "The Desalination Effect Comparison of Two Kinds of Nanofiltration Membrane". Applied Mechanics and Materials 508 (gennaio 2014): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.508.40.

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The desalination effect of two kinds of nanofiltration membrane, NF-1812-270 and NF-1812, were compared. Under the conditions of different pressure, made the comparison of the quotas between two different nanometer filtration membranes, including membrane flux, ash content, retention rate of chlorine, conductivity. The test results showed that the effect of desalination of NF-1812 nanofiltration membrane was better than the effect of desalination NF-1812-270 nanofiltration membrane.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Nanofiltration"

Makowski, Marcin. "Solvent nanofiltration for purifying pharmaceuticals". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/29227.

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The projections recently published by the United Nations (UN) suggest that the global population may reach 8.9 billion people by the year 2050. Life expectancy is assumed to rise constantly with no upper limit and by the year 2100 is expected to vary from 66 to 97 years. As the population ages the demand for effective medicines is rising. At the same time the pharmaceutical industry keeps applying pressure to shorten development timelines for new chemical entities, so that new medicines can reach patients much faster. In the development and manufacturing of drugs the purification steps often consume the highest proportion of the processing time and costs. In parallel, there has been a surge in the expectations of patients regarding the purity of the desired pharmaceuticals. There are several processes available for yielding purified product: liquid chromatography, crystallization or distillation among others most of them, however have limitations. Therefore, progress is required in innovative technologies and processes characterized by higher stability, better selectivity and lower energy requirements. Applying membrane technology in the separation and purification of compounds can result in lower operating temperatures being needed, and less harsh conditions required, when compared to other processes. Thus it is of interest for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) manufacturing. Polymeric membranes are the most widely used for industrial membrane applications. However, an important challenge is to apply the existing polymeric membranes (suitable for aqueous operations) to non-aqueous solutions. Recent progress has led to the development of Organic Solvent Nanofiltration (OSN). OSN utilises solvent-resistant polymeric membranes to selectively retain solutes, and simultaneously allows smaller molecules to pass through the membrane. Nevertheless, ways in which membrane performance impacts the overall purification process have not yet been fully studied. Developing mathematical models of purification processes might help to better understand, and therefore better predict and control, the membrane process. Knowing the importance of a membrane in a filtration process, one should try to identify the areas where new membranes are desired. At the same time, one should try to understand how factors influencing membrane formation will affect membrane's final performance. As a benefit of the research conducted, by the end of this study the knowledge gained should result in the fabrication of membranes with enhanced capabilities.

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Welfoot, J. St J. "Predictive modelling of membrane nanofiltration". Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639377.

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The main objective of this work was to develop predictive models for nanofiltration (NF) membrane processes. A one-parameter model (pore radius) for uncharged solute rejection has been developed. The good agreement between the proposed model and experimental data confirmed that uncharged solute rejection is well described by continuum models. A two-parameter model (pore radius and membrane charge) for electrolyte rejection has also been developed. Dielectric exclusion was included as an energy barrier to ion partitioning into the pores, the reassessment of which using NaCl rejection at the membrane isoelectric point introduced a third model parameter, the average pore solvent dielectric constant. The predicted membrane charge densities with the three-parameter model were more realistic in magnitude than those from previous models and their variation with concentration for divalent salts was in better agreement with physical models of ion adsorption. Analysis of experimental rejection data with truncated pore size distributions and a variation of viscosity with pore radius resulted in model parameters that represented the average value over all pore sizes. Further, analysis of salt mixtures showed that large experimentally observed negative rejections were very well described with fitted charge densities of similar magnitude to those from single salts. Finite Difference linearisation of pore concentration gradient greatly simplified the numerical solution of the three-parameter model. The validity of the linearised model was tested both experimentally and theoretically, showing the model to be a powerful tool for characterisation of NF membranes and subsequent prediction of separation performance. Overall, the work presented in this thesis has improved the understanding of the separation mechanisms of NF membranes, especially dielectric exclusion. The developed models are more rigorous than those proposed previously and represent a significant contribution to the field of predictive NF modelling.

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Cluff, C. Brent. "Slowsand/Nanofiltration of Surface Water". Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296460.

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From the Proceedings of the 1991 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 20, 1991, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
Since the spring of 1988 the University of Arizona has conducted nanofiltration research. The major emphasis has been the treatment of both Colorado River Water and municipal effluent. The work has been sponsored by the John F. Long Foundation Inc. and the Consolidated Water Utilities, Phoenix Az. Nanofiltration is a low pressure form of reverse osmosis. It operates at about 1/3 the pressure and 3 times the flux rate of older brackish water reverse osmosis systems. This reduces both the cost as well as the operating costs to approximately 1 /10 of the older reverse osmosis systems. The City of Ft Myers is projecting costs as low as $0.50-0.60/1000 gallons for their 20 MGD plant. Nanofiltration treats water the way it needs to be treated to meet the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) present minimum contamination levels (MCL) as well as projected future levels. Nanofiltration removes most of the bivalent inorganic molecules such as calcium and magnesium as well as some monovalent molecules such as sodium and chloride. It also removes pathogens and dissolved organics, thus reducing the trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP). The research on recharged effluent municipal effluent below the 91st Avenue Plant in Phoenix has shown the value of nanofiltration for reclaiming municipal wastewater to potable standards. A 20,000 GPD slowsand /nanofiltration pilot plant at Apache Junction has shown the effectiveness of the treatment on Colorado River Water at a 95% recovery over the past 2 years.

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Tanardi, Cheryl Raditya. "Organically-modified ceramic membranes for solvent nanofiltration : fabrication and transport studies". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS259/document.

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La nanofiltration (NF) est un procédé applicable à la récupération des solvants organiques. Une membrane chimiquement stable est alors requise pour résister aux solvants organiques. Cette thèse traite de la préparation de membranes NF chimiquement stables par greffage de substrats céramiques mésoporeux et de l'étude de leurs propriétés de transport des solvants et des solutés. Dans le chapitre 1, l'état de l'art sur les techniques de greffage est présenté ainsi que celui sur le comportement au transport des membranes NF résistantes aux solvants.Dans les chapitres 2 et 6, des membranes d'ultrafiltration en alumine mésoporeuse sont greffées avec des groupements organiques hydrophobes ou hydrophiles. La diminution du diamètre des pores permet ainsi d'accéder à la nanofiltration. Au chapitre 5, un agent couplant est utilisé pour améliorer l'ancrage de ces groupements dans les pores. Ceci réduit cependant la perméabilité aux solvants, en comparaison aux mêmes membranes modifiées avec du polydiméthylsilane (PDMS) mais sans agent couplant. Dans le chapitre 6, la capacité de greffage de poudres d'alumine est mesurée pour des agents de greffage différant par : la masse moléculaire des chaines polyéthylènes glycol (PEG), la nature et le nombre de groupements alcoxy terminaux et la présence ou non de fonctions urée. Ces poudres sont analysés par thermogravimétrie, spectrométrie RMN du 29Si, spectroscopie FTIR, et mesures de surface spécifique. Les densités de greffage estimées varient avec la masse des greffons, la présence de fonctions urée, et le nombre de groupements alcoxy hydrolysables.Le comportement au transport de membranes greffées est étudié dans les chapitres 3, 4 et 6. Dans le chapitre 3, pour des membranes greffées avec du PDMS, ce comportement est décrit en incorporant des termes relatifs à la sorption des solvants dans l'équation Hagen-Poiseuille. Une membrane plus fermée est obtenue lorsque le solvant est fortement adsorbé dans la couche greffée. Dans le chapitre 4, la validité des modèles de rejet de soluté basés sur l'exclusion par la taille est discutée. Une forte influence du diamètre moléculaire du soluté et du rapport de ce diamètre avec celui des pores est observée, indiquant que le mécanisme d'exclusion par la taille est ici vérifié. Trois modèles de rejet sur la base d'exclusion par la taille, à savoir Ferry, Verniory et SHP, sont testés pour prédire, en l'absence de solvant, le rejet des solutés à partir des diamètres de pore mesurés par physisorption de diazote. Pour des colorants et des solutés de type PS ou PEG dans du toluène, les données expérimentales sont bien au-dessus des valeurs prédites par ces modèles. Les résultats suggèrent que le diamètre de pore effectif en présence de solvant fortement adsorbé tel que le toluène est inférieur à celui en l'absence de solvant, une hypothèse étant qu'il n'y a pas d'interactions importantes entre solvant et soluté ou entre le soluté et la surface des pores. Cela peut expliquer un rejet plus élevé des solutés dans des solvants non polaires comme le toluène que dans des solvants polaires tels que l'isopropanol pour les membranes greffées avec du PDMS. Dans le chapitre 6, la perméabilité de membranes greffées avec des PEG est étudiée pour différents solvants (polaires ou non polaires). Une relation linéaire entre le flux et la pression transmembranaire est observée, comme pour les membranes greffées avec du PDMS. Cela indique l'absence de processus induit par des effets de cisaillement dans le fluide en écoulement et variant avec la pression transmembranaire appliquée. Pour le colorant Noir Soudan, une sélectivité supérieure est observée dans l'éthanol que dans l'hexane alors que pour la perméabilité inférieure de l'éthanol est inférieure à celle de l'hexane. Ici aussi, ces phénomènes sont expliqués par la différence de sorption des solvants dans la couche greffée. Les conclusions générales et perspectives de cette étude sont présentées dans le chapitre 7
Solvent nanofiltration is a potential technology to recover solvents. For this application, a chemically stable membrane that can endure continuous exposure towards organic solvents is required. This thesis deals with the preparation of chemically stable NF membranes through modification of mesoporous ceramic substrate by means of grafting and studying of their solvent and solute transport properties. In Chapter 1, the background of the grafting technique as well as studies on the SRNF transport behavior found in the literature was presented.In Chapter 2 and 6 of this thesis, mesoporous y-alumina UF membranes were grafted by hydrophobic and hydrophilic organic moieties to decrease the membrane pore diameter of the existing y-alumina UF membrane down to the nanofiltration range. In Chapter 5, the use of coupling agent to couple the grafted moiety forming a polymer network inside the ceramic pores during grafting results in a smaller membrane pore, but at the cost of a lower solvent permeability, when compared with PDMS-grafted alumina membranes where no coupling was applied. In Chapter 6, the grafting performance of γ-Al2O3 powder with various PEG grafting agents having different molecular weights, alkoxy groups, and ureido functionalities were analysed by TGA, 29Si-NMR, FTIR, and BET. The grafting densities are influenced by the molecular weights, the presence of the ureido functionality, and the number of hydrolyzable groups of the grafting agents. The transport behavior of PDMS grafted ceramic membranes and PEG grafted ceramic membranes were studied in Chapter 3, 4, and 6. In Chapter 3, the solvent transport behavior of PDMS grafted ceramic membranes was described by incorporating solvent sorption terms in the Hagen-Pouiseuille equation. A more closed membrane structure is realized when the solvent is strongly sorbed in the grafted moiety. In Chapter 4, the applicability of the existing solute rejection models based on size-exclusion mechanism to describe the solute rejection of membranes towards different types of solvent and solute were assessed. A strong function of rejection behavior with the ratio of the solute diameter versus the membrane pore diameter was observed, indicating that the size-exclusion mechanism may be applicable. Three rejection models based on size-exclusion, namely the Ferry, Verniory, and SHP models were used to predict the rejection of several solutes using pore diameter information from the N2 physisorption measurement when no solvent is present. For dye, PS, and PEG solutes in toluene, the experimental data fall well above the predicted σ for Ferry, Verniory, and SHP model suggesting that the membrane actual pore diameter in the presence of strongly sorbed solvent like toluene is smaller than that when no solvent is present, assuming that there is no important solvent-solute or solute-membrane interaction present in the observed rejection behavior. This may explain the higher rejection of solutes in nonpolar solvents like toluene than that in polar solvents such as isopropanol for PDMS grafted ceramic membranes. In Chapter 6, the permeability behavior of PEG grafted y-alumina membranes with respect to different types of permeating solvent (polar and nonpolar) was studied. A linear relationship between flux and TMP was observed, as was also found for PDMS grafted y-Al2O3 membranes. This indicates the absence of shear-flow induced behaviour in the applied TMP. A higher selectivity of Sudan Black in ethanol than in hexane accompanied by a lower permeability of ethanol than hexane were observed. Here also this phenomenon is explained by the difference in solvent sorption of the grafted moiety for different types of permeating solvents. Finally, the general conclusions and future work are presented in Chapter 7

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Da, Silva Burgal Joao Porfirio. "Development of poly (ether ether ketone) nanofiltration membranes for organic solvent nanofiltration in continuous flow systems". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/43328.

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Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) is an energy saving technology that can replace more energy demanding separation technologies, such as evaporation and distillation. Nevertheless, OSN membranes that can withstand high temperature conditions as well as acidic or basic conditions are lacking on the market. In this thesis a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) membrane is investigated for its suitability for OSN applications using polar aprotic solvents, such as DMF and THF, high temperatures, and basic/acidic conditions. By studying four grades of PEEK polymer powder from two different brands (VESTAKEEP® and VICTREX®), the VESTAKEEP® 4000P was selected for the subsequent studies. The post-phase inversion drying process of membrane fabrication was also studied and the drying step was shown to be crucial in obtaining separation performance in the nanofiltration (NF) range. The degree of sulphonation (DS) was also important and had to be maintained at low levels in order to retain the chemical and thermal stability of PEEK membranes. Subsequently, the scaling-up of PEEK membranes to spiral-wound modules was successfully achieved. In order to further manipulate the performance of PEEK NF membranes, two ways of controlling the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of PEEK membranes prepared via phase inversion and subsequent drying were studied. The two methods explored were the change of polymer concentration in the dope solution - 8 wt. %, 10 wt. % and 12 wt. % - and the variation of solvent filling the pores prior to drying - e.g. water, methanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran and n-heptane. For each solvent, the drying temperature was proved to have an effect on the membrane performance - the higher the drying temperature, the higher the rejection and the lower the permeance. Following the drying treatment results, the negligible aging of PEEK membranes was demonstrated; a comparison with crosslinked polybenzimidazole (PBI) and polyimide (PI) membranes was also performed. The results showed a structural change for PBI and PI membranes due to a non-equilibrium glassy state, in contrast with PEEK membranes which were in quasi-equilibrium glassy state. High temperature filtrations were also performed in DMF up to 140 °C for the three polymeric membranes. PEEK was the most robust membrane with a stable performance after 4 filtration cycles whereas PBI and PI were stable for 2 and 1 cycles respectively. Due to their stability at high temperatures, and also their compatibility with catalysts, PEEK membranes were used in two different continuous Heck coupling reactions combined with OSN separation of the catalyst in situ. Two reactor configurations were investigated: a continuous single stirred tank reactor/membrane separator (m-CSTR); and a plug flow reactor (PFR) followed by m-CSTR (PFR-m-CSTR). It was possible to decrease the catalyst leaching to the product stream and to increase the overall turnover number (TON) of the Heck reactions.

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Karabacak, Asli. "Sulphate Removal By Nanofiltration From Water". Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612748/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT SULPHATE REMOVAL BY NANOFILTRATION FROM WATER Karabacak, Asli M.Sc., Department of Environmental Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ü
lkü
Yetis Co-advisor: Prof. Dr. Mehmet Kitis December 2010, 152 pages Excess sulphate in drinking water poses a problem due to adverse effects on human health and also due to aesthetic reasons. This study examines the nanofiltration (NF) of sulphate in surface water using a laboratory cross-flow device in total recycle mode. In the study, three NF membranes, namely DK-NF, DL-NF and NF-270, are used. The influence of the main operating conditions (transmembrane pressure, tangential velocity and membrane type) on the steady-state permeates fluxes and the retention of sulphate are evaluated. Kizilirmak River water is used as the raw water sample. During the experimental studies, the performance of NF is assessed in terms of the parameters of UVA254, sulphate, TOC and conductivity of the feed and permeates waters. Results indicated that NF could reduce sulphate levels in the surface water to a level below the guideline values, with a removal efficiency of around 98% with all three membranes. DK-NF and NF-270 membranes showed fouling when the surface water was fed directly to the system without any pre-treatment. MF was found to be an effective pretreatment option for the prevention of the membrane fouling, but no further removal of sulphate was achieved. Parametric study was also conducted. No change in flux values and in the removal of sulphate was observed when the crossflow velocity was lowered. The flux values were decreased as the transmembrane pressure was lowered
however there were not any decrease in the sulphate removal efficiency.

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Artuğ, Gamze. "Modelling and simulation of nanofiltration membranes". Göttingen Cuvillier, 2007. http://d-nb.info/986774685/04.

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Wong, Hau To. "Solvent nanofiltration for organometallic catalysed reactions". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429120.

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Mohammad, A. W. "Predictive models for nanofiltration membrane processes". Thesis, Swansea University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638212.

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The main objective of this work was to develop a predictive model for nanofiltration (NF) membrane processes. This was accomplished by development of a model which describes the transport of electrolytes in NF membranes in terms of three mechanisms: diffusion, convection and electromigration. The model includes the description of concentration polarisation for binary and more complex mixtures of charged electrolytes. The application and utility of the model were studied by identifying the key characteristics of NF membranes, modelling of a selected process, validation using experimental data and finally using the model for prediction including process optimisation. For one membrane (PES5), atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that the membrane consisted of discrete pores of nanometre dimensions. Characterisation of the membrane using salts and uncharged solutes showed that it is more appropriate to model the membrane as porous rather than homogenous. The membrane was characterised in terms of the structural parameters: the effective pore radius, r_p_,and the effective ratio of thickness over porosity, Δx/A_k, and an electrical parameter: the effective charge density, X_d. Such characterisation for a further membrane (CA30) was found to be very useful in predicting the process of diafiltration of dye/salt solutions. The prediction required that X_d varied as the salt concentration decreased during processing. The model was then used to predict the processing conditions for the whole diafiltration process which includes the pre/post-concentration phases and the diafiltration phase. Finally, a simplified characterisation method was proposed whereby the membranes that are available in the market are characterised using the information given by the membrane manufacturers. Using the range of parameters obtained, analysis of the model showed that the contributions of all three transport mechanisms are very significant and should not be neglected in any predictive models.

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Cheng, S. "Improved nanofiltration membranes by self-assembly". Thesis, Swansea University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636243.

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Charged ultrafiltration (UF)/nanofiltration (NF) membrane plays a very important role in membrane separation. Thus, the aim of the present study was to improve charged UF and NF membranes for increased application within the process, pharmaceutical and food industries. The main objectives of this work were to investigate the preparation, modification, characterisation and application of a group of charged UF/NF membranes. Substrate membranes were prepared with polyehterimide (PEI) and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). The self-assembly deposition of polyelectrolytes on the membrane surface was also studied. No previous studies have so comprehensively assessed the fabrication and performance of self-assembly modified PEI/SPEEK membranes. The effects of small molecular additives were studied on membrane morphology and performance. Characterisation by scanning electron macroscopy (SEM) and atomic force macroscopy (AFM) showed that the addition of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,4-dioxane induced a denser skinned top layer, which dramatically decreased the permeability. SPEEK was used to improve the hydrophilic properties of PEI membrane and permeability, as well as to provide surface charges. The membrane properties were very reproducible when the proportions of SPEEK were 3% and 6% in the total polymer content. Positively and negatively charged NF membranes were fabricated by self-assembly. Positive NF membrane was obtained by depositing polycation, polyethylenimine, on the surface of PEI/SPEEK blend membranes. The effects of Ph and ionic strength of the polyelectrolyte solution on the membrane performance were investigated and it was concluded that the high amount of adsorption of weak polyelectrolyte on the membrane surface with opposite charges was achieved close to the isoelectric point (IEP). Again, negatively charged NF membrane was fabricated by depositing poly (acrylic acid) (PAA) on the surface of positively charged membranes. Zeta potential measurements showed that the deposition of polyelectrolytes changed chemistry of the membrane surfaces. The pore sizes calculated from rejection data using and from AFM demonstrated that the adsorption of polyelectrolytes on membrane surfaces led to the decrease of pore size. The present study has shown the advantage of using phase imaging to characterise membrane morphology; the identification and sizing of pores was easier than when using standard topography. No other studies have used this technique to study pore sizes. Methylene blue (MB) and sodium cefuroxime were used to explore the industry application of obtained membranes.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Nanofiltration"

Mohammad, Abdul, Teow Yeit Haan e Nidal Hilal. Nanofiltration for Sustainability. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003261827.

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Bergman, Robert. Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration. 2^a ed. Denver, CO: American Water Works Association, 2007.

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I, Schäfer A., Fane A. G e Waite Thomas D, a cura di. Nanofiltration: Principles and applications. Oxford: Elsevier Advanced Technology, 2005.

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I, Schaefer A., Fane A. G e Waite Thomas D, a cura di. Nanofiltration: Principles and applications. New York: Elsevier Advanced Technology, 2003.

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Ahmad, Akil, e Mohammed B. Alshammari, a cura di. Nanofiltration Membrane for Water Purification. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5315-6.

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Tanninen, Jukka. Importance of charge in nanofiltration. Lappeenranta: Lappeenranta University of Technology, 2004.

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S, Taylor J., e Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory (U.S.), a cura di. Synthetic organic compound rejection by nanofiltration. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, 1990.

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Timmer, Johannes Martinus Koen. Properties of nanofiltration membranes: Model development and industrial application. Eindhoven: Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2001.

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E, Drewes Jörg, AWWA Research Foundation, WateReuse Foundation e West Basin Municipal Water District (Calif.), a cura di. Comparing nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for treating recycled water. Denver, CO: Awwa Research Foundation, 2008.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Nanofiltration"

Melin, Thomas, e Robert Rautenbach. "Nanofiltration". In Membranverfahren, 277–300. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08653-7_10.

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Rautenbach, Robert. "Nanofiltration". In Membranverfahren, 176–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08655-1_9.

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Mänttäri, Mika, Bart Van der Bruggen e Marianne Nyström. "Nanofiltration". In Separation and Purification Technologies in Biorefineries, 233–58. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118493441.ch9.

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Fievet, Patrick. "Nanofiltration". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_1720-1.

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Agrawal, Komal, e Pradeep Verma. "Nanofiltration". In Bio-Nano Filtration in Industrial Effluent Treatment, 35–48. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003165149-3.

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Kamcev, Jovan, e Benny D. Freeman. "Nanofiltration Membranes". In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 1–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36199-9_160-1.

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Madaeni, Sayed S. "Nanofiltration Membranes". In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_2207-1.

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Kamcev, Jovan, e Benny D. Freeman. "Nanofiltration Membranes". In Encyclopedia of Polymeric Nanomaterials, 1342–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29648-2_160.

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Zong, Zhiyuan, Nick Hankins e Fozia Parveen. "The Application of Nanofiltration for Water Reuse in the Hybrid Nanofiltration-Forward Osmosis Process". In Nanofiltration for Sustainability, 153–70. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003261827-8.

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Ang, Wei Lun, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Nor Naimah Rosyadah Ahmad e Yeit Haan Teow. "Role of Nanofiltration Process for Sustainability in Industries". In Nanofiltration for Sustainability, 1–13. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003261827-1.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Nanofiltration"

Zhang, BoWen, Xiaojian Xu, ZengZeng Zhang e Lei Yao. "Prediction and Modeling of Desalination Performance of Nanofiltration Membranes Based on Machine Learning". In 2024 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Information Technology (AICIT), 1–4. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aicit62434.2024.10730224.

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Rayssi, Ali Khalfan Al, e Simone Puzzo. "Innovations in Sustainable Oil Production: The Deployment of Nanofiltration Techniques for Water Injection in ADNOC's Onshore Operations". In SPE Water Lifecycle Management Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/219054-ms.

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Abstract The objective of this paper is to scrutinize the technical feasibility and performance of Nanofiltration technologies in sustainable water injection for Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC)'s onshore oil reservoirs. It evaluates the efficiency and environmental impact of Nanofiltration, initially focusing on reservoirs with a production capacity of 1.8 million barrels per day, and later extending to 2.4 million barrels per day. A hybrid approach combining computational simulations and empirical data collection is used. Laboratory experiments evaluate Nanofiltration efficacy in filtering seawater to meet required quality standards for oil reservoir injection. Field data from ADNOC's existing operations serve as a baseline for comparative analysis. Findings indicate that Nanofiltration technologies demonstrate a high degree of efficacy in filtering seawater to the required quality standards for oil reservoir injection. The technology shows promise in reducing the environmental footprint by minimizing groundwater extraction. Economic evaluations, although not the primary focus, suggest that Nanofiltration could become cost-effective in the long run. Initial phases targeting reservoirs with 1.8 million barrels per day production have been promising, validating the technology's scalability. This paper introduces a rigorous technical analysis of Nanofiltration technologies deployed for water injection in oil reservoirs, using ADNOC's operations as a case study. For engineers and technical experts, the paper provides a deep dive into the technological aspects of Nanofiltration, backed by empirical data and computational models, offering a technical roadmap for adoption in similar settings.

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Zhang, H., A. Wu, J. Wei e R. Buschjost. "Effect of nanofiltration on photochemical integrity". In SPIE Advanced Lithography, a cura di Clifford L. Henderson. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.772815.

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Boukar, Amal Jamal, e Reyad Ramadan Alfarah. "Investigation of Water Treatment Produced by Nanofiltration". In 2023 IEEE 3rd International Maghreb Meeting of the Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (MI-STA). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mi-sta57575.2023.10169647.

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Yang, Hu, Yonghong Sun, Weilei Zhong, Tao Wu, Ying Tian e Shichang Li. "Pretreatment of Locomotive Direct Drinking Water by Nanofiltration". In Third International Conference on Transportation Engineering (ICTE). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41184(419)537.

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Davood Abadi Farahani, Mohammad Hossein. "Organic solvent nanofiltration membrane for vegetable oil refining". In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/srfh3809.

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Membrane separation technology has been receiving much attention for processing vegetable oils due to its potential advantages over conventional purification techniques. Based on the molecular weights and their interactions with the membrane, various solutes can be removed or purified using this technology. However, one of the major challenges is that the membrane has to be chemically inert to organic solvents such as hexane or acetone. Thus, many studies have been focused on developing chemically resistant membranes for specific industrial applications. Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membranes is one of the potential energy efficient and sustainable separation processes that can drastically change the way solvents are recovered and free fatty acids (FFA) are removed in the vegetable oil industry. Seppure's patented GreenMem Series can process vegetable oil in acetone and hexane, achieving high product purity at relatively mild conditions (25 €“ 60°C, 10 €“ 30 bar). This results in up to 90% lower energy consumption and CO2e emissions as well as up to 30-50% lower operating costs compared to the conventional separation processes. GreenMem Series membranes show a high pure solvent flux of 30 €“ 40 LMH for acetone and hexane as well as high rejection towards oil molecules >95%. Moreover, 99% of FFA can be removed from a solvent/FFA mixture using multi-pass filtration system, which can be implemented in a unique membrane system to separate oil/FFA/solvent from each other. Moreover, GreenMem system can be implemented in both continuous and batch processes. Just like many other membrane technologies, its modularity makes it easy to be scaled up based on production capacity to augment existing processes. It is envisioned that OSN technology provides both positive economic and environmental impacts on the vegetable oil industry.

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Makertihartha, I. G. B. N., Z. Rizki, M. Zunita e P. T. Dharmawijaya. "Dyes removal from textile wastewater using graphene based nanofiltration". In INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLICATION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016 (ISFAChE 2016): Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Fundamental and Application of Chemical Engineering 2016. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4982336.

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Li, Cunyu, Yun Ma, Hongyang Li e Guoping Peng. "Concentrating phenolic acids from Lonicera japonica by nanofiltration technology". In 11TH ASIAN CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL SENSORS: (ACCS2015). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4977259.

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Vecino, Xanel, María Fernanda Montenegro-Landívar, Andrea Martínez-Arcos, Mònica Reig, José Manuel Cruz, Ana Belén Moldes e José Luis Cortina. "Biosurfactant refinery from corn steep water by nanofiltration processes". In 15th Mediterranean Congress of Chemical Engineering (MeCCE-15). Grupo Pacífico, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.48158/mecce-15.t3-o-32.

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Davood Abadi Farahani, Mohammad Hossein. "Sustainable Chemical-resistant Nanofiltration Technology for Vegetable Oil Refining". In Virtual 2021 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/am21.361.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Nanofiltration"

Everett, Randy L., Tom Mayer, Malynda A. Cappelle, William E. ,. Jr Holub, Howard L. ,. Jr Anderson, Susan Jeanne Altman, Frank McDonald e Allan Richard Sattler. Nanofiltration treatment options for thermoelectric power plant water treatment demands. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), giugno 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1051721.

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Benny Freeman. Novel Fouling-Reducing Coatings for Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membranes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948508.

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Younes, Saadat, Kim Kyungtae e Foudazi Reza. A lyotropic liquid crystal-templated nanofiltration membrane with thermo- and pH-responsive 3D transport pathway. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2377945.

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Kalman, Joseph, e Maryam Haddad. Wastewater-derived Ammonia for a Green Transportation Fuel. Mineta Transportation Institute, luglio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2041.

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The energy-water nexus (i.e., availability of potable water and clean energy) is among the most important problems currently facing society. Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel that has the potential to reduce the carbon footprint in combustion related vehicles. However, ammonia production processes typically have their own carbon footprint and do not necessarily come from sustainable sources. This research examines wastewater filtration processes to harvest ammonia for transportation processes. The research team studied mock wastewater solutions and was able to achieve ammonia concentrations above 80%(nanofiltration) and 90% (reverse osmosis). The research team also investigated the influence of transmembrane pressure and flow rates. No degradation to the membrane integrity was observed during the process. This research used constant pressure combustion simulations to calculate the ignition delay times for NH3-air flames with expected impurities from the wastewater treatment processes. The influence of impurities, such as H2O, CO, CO2, and HCl, were studied under a range of thermodynamic conditions expected in compression ignition engines. The team observed carbon monoxide and water vapor to slightly decrease (at most 5%) ignition delay time, whereas HCl, in general, increased the ignition delay. The changes to the combustion chemistry and its influence of the reaction mechanism on the results are discussed. The experimental wastewater treatment study determined that reverse osmosis produced higher purity ammonia. The findings of the combustion work suggest that ignition delays will be similar to pure ammonia if HCl is filtered from the final product.

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Kalman, Joseph, e Maryam Haddad. Wastewater-derived Ammonia for a Green Transportation Fuel. Mineta Transportation Institute, luglio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2041.

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Freeman, Benny D., e Joseph M. DeSimone. Very Low Surface Energy (<11 dyn cm-1) Heterophase Polymeric Materials for Membrane Separations: An Integrated Polymer Chemistry/Engineering Approach and The Influence of Backpulsing on Fouling Properties of Novel Nanofiltration Membranes for Wastewater Remediation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, luglio 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada349382.

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