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1
Ellis, Rebecca. "Frontline Farmers: How the National Farmers Union Resists Agribusiness and Creates Our New Food Future". Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 7, n. 2 (16 novembre 2020): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v7i2.388.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This review examines Frontline Farmers: How the National Farmers Union Resists Agribusiness and Creates Our New Food Future, a new book about the activism of the National Farmers Union (NFU) over the past five decades. In this review I highlight the impact of the NFU in campaigns against the corporatization of the food system, their commitment to international and Indigenous solidarity, and the struggles faced by women within the organization. I also question the lack of discussion about solidarity with migrant farmworkers. Overall, this is an important book that is useful for food system activists, students and scholars.
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HECHT, GABRIELLE. "HOPES FOR THE RADIATED BODY: URANIUM MINERS AND TRANSNATIONAL TECHNOPOLITICS IN NAMIBIA". Journal of African History 51, n. 2 (luglio 2010): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853710000198.
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ABSTRACTThis article explores the transnational politics of technology and science at the Rössing uranium mine in Namibia. During the 1980s, Rössing workers refashioned surveillance technologies into methods for trade union action. When national independence in 1990 failed to produce radical ruptures in the workplace, union leaders engaged in technopolitical strategies of extraversion, and became knowledge producers about their own exposure to workplace contaminants. Appeals to outside scientific authority carried the political promise of international accountability. But engaging in science meant accepting its boundaries, and workers ultimately discovered that technopolitical power could be limiting as well as liberating.
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Bromund, T. "Whitehall, the National Farmers' Union, and Plan G, 1956-57". Contemporary British History 15, n. 2 (giugno 2001): 76–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713999401.
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Matlala, Motsepe. "The 2011 Green Paper on Land Reform: Opportunities and Challenges - The National African Farmers Union (NAFU SA)". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 17, n. 2 (21 aprile 2017): 866. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2014/v17i2a2188.
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The National African Farmers' Union (NAFU SA) was established in 1991 with the aim of creating a "home" for thousands of black farmers who had previously been excluded from mainstream agriculture. At the time of its formation there was no farmer organisation operating at national level in South Africa.
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Carver, Rosanna. "Lessons for blue degrowth from Namibia’s emerging blue economy". Sustainability Science 15, n. 1 (23 dicembre 2019): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00754-0.
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AbstractGlobally there has been recognition that there is little consensus attributed to the definition of the blue economy. However, despite this acknowledgement, the blue economy is championed for its development potential by the African Union and subsequently, several African states. Having formalised the agenda in its fifth National Development Plan Namibia is working to implement a governance and management framework to “sustainably maximise benefits from marine resources” by 2020 (Republic of Namibia in Namibia’s 5th National Development Plan (NDP5) 2017). Concurrently, new entrants, such as marine mineral mining projects, have emerged in recognition of the potential offered within the state’s Exclusive Economic Zone. This article argues that the uptake of the blue economy is shaped by multiple, and often conflicting, interests. The emergence of the agenda is not apolitical, nor has it been established in isolation from exogenous actors and interests. Subsequently, this article suggests that the critique of the emerging blue economy should be applied to discussions of a blue degrowth movement, to avoid transposing a new agenda over another. As demonstrated with reference to Namibia, contextual and historical issues need to be recognised by degrowth discussions, and their inherent and continued structural effects analysed. This is of particular importance when considering whose voices are represented or excluded by such agendas, complicated by the (geo)physical characteristics of the marine sphere.
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Hurt, R. Douglas, e Bruce E. Field. "Harvest of Dissent: The National Farmers Union and the Early Cold War". American Historical Review 105, n. 2 (aprile 2000): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1571529.
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Lee, R. Alton, e Bruce E. Field. "Harvest of Dissent: The National Farmers Union and the Early Cold War." Journal of American History 86, n. 4 (marzo 2000): 1845. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2567700.
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James, Dana, e Evan Bowness. "Annette Aurélie Desmarais (ed) Frontline Farmers: How the National Farmers Union resists agribusiness and creates our new food future". Agriculture and Human Values 37, n. 3 (25 aprile 2020): 931–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10460-020-10038-4.
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Mondal, Tanushree, Md Sirazul Islam, Md Rafiquel Islam, Md Masum Abdullah, Nipa Monalesa e Debashish Das. "A Study on the Effectiveness of Utilization of the Union Digital Center Agricultural Information by the Farmers in Bangladesh". Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, n. 9 (22 agosto 2023): 971–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i92130.
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Aims: The aims of the study were to determine the effectiveness of Union Digital Center (UDC) in the utilization of agricultural information by the farmers, also to investigate the contribution of the selected characteristics of the farmers to the effectiveness of UDC in the utilization of agricultural information and to resolve the problems faced by the farmers in receiving agricultural information from the UDC. Study Design: It is a Field Survey Research. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in a union named Alokjhari under Khanshama Upazila of Dinajpur district of Bangladesh There are eight villages in this union. The study was conducted in these eight villages from January 2020 to February 2022. Methodology: The farmers of Alokjhari Union who were members of the Common Interest Group (CIG) under the National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) of the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) constitute the population of the study. According to Yamane’s (1967) formula, the sample size was determined as 154 from 200 respondents. A simple random sampling method was used in order to select the sample. Data were collected using a structured interview schedule. Descriptive statistics and stepwise multiple regression were used for analysis. Results: The highest proportion 49.4 percent of the farmers had low effectiveness of UDC in utilizing agricultural information compared to 30.5 percent with medium effectiveness and 20.1 percent with high effectiveness. And the highest effective information that the farmers asked for was found on ‘compost preparation’ followed by ‘tree plantation’, ‘recommended seed rate’, and so on. Among the influential variables level of education, family income, innovativeness, agricultural knowledge and aspiration provided a 53.1 percent contribution to the effectiveness of UDC. Conclusion: The findings indicate that UDC plays a moderate role in the utilization of agricultural information. Agricultural knowledge was the main contributor to the improvement of the effectiveness of UDC while agricultural knowledge should be increased to both farmers and UDC staff levels.
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Golonko, Magdalena, Marcin Wysokiński, Arkadiusz Gromada, Paulina Trębska e Radim Lenort. "THE INCOME SITUATION IN AGRICULTURE AFTER POLAND ENTERED THE EUROPEAN UNION". Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 20, n. 1 (3 giugno 2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2021.20.1.1.
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The main purpose of the article was to assess Poland’s income situation in agriculture after the country acceded to the European Union. The analysis included, among others, changes in agricultural income per full-time employee and a comparison of household income of farmers and other professional groups. The sources of the materials were data from the Eurostat and CSO databases. The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The real income of the agricultural population in the analyzed period showed an upward trend but was still lower not only than the national average, but also the income of households of employees. Financial resources transferred from direct payments and structural funds under the Common Agricultural Policy had a significant impact on the improvement of the income situation of farmers.
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Jona, Cecilie N., e Margareth N. Nghixulifwa. "Farmers involvement in farmer-based organization and perceived challenges: a case of Oshikoto region, Namibia". International Journal of Agricultural Extension 6, n. 2 (9 settembre 2018): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.006.02.2255.
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Farmer-based organisations (FBOs) are formed in the communal farming communities, mostly by Agricultural Support Services (ASS) providers with the aim that rural communities will become sustainable and manage their own community development activities. However, too often these FBOs do not receive sufficient support and training from the ASS providers and do not advance from being mere participants to being self-reliant as organisations so that they can make their own decisions as a group. This paper will analyse farmer participation and involvement in FBOs and the challenges faced by FBOs. Using a random sampling technique, data were collected from 150 farmers from six constituencies in the Oshikoto region. The findings showed that only 65 out of 150 respondents belonged to an FBO. There were slightly more female respondents (52.3%) than male respondents (47.7%). Most FBO respondents participated at the constituency level (64.6%), while 44.6% participated at the village level. Only 12.3% participated at the regional level, while none participated at the national level. Eighty per cent (80%) of the respondents indicated that their main objective for joining the FBO was to obtain technical skills. However, 83.1% of the FBOs experienced the problem of members not attending meetings and 78.5% indicated that members do not pay registration fees and annual fees. The researcher concluded that the FBOs in the Oshikoto region need continuous training in various courses such as group dynamics, communication skills, and soft skills to run their FBOs successfully
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Smith, Philip J. "National Farmers Union and Its Progeny: Does It Create a New Federal Court System?" American Indian Law Review 14, n. 2 (1988): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20068294.
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Millar, K. M., S. M. Tomkins e T. B. Mepham. "Ethical attitudes of consumers and farmers to the use of two dairy technologies : Bovine somatotrophin (BST) and Automated Milking Systems (AMS)". Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1999 (1999): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200003501.
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The importance of considering public opinion in technology development and use is widely recognised. Several studies have assessed public opinion on modern biotechnologies used in animal production systems (Eurobarometer, 1997), but few have focused on specific technologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate attitudes to two defined technologies, bovine somatotrophin (BST) and automated milking systems (AMS), as part of a wider study of the role of ethical analysis in technology assessment. The preliminary results described below highlight only certain aspects of a much more comprehensive survey.Postal surveys of consumers and farmers were conducted in the Spring/Summer of 1998. The farmers’ population sample (n=1,000) was randomly selected from the National Farmers Union Dairy Farmers database. The selection, based on an nth term sample, was stratified for geographical region only.
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Gyarmati, Ágnes. "Agri-environmental subsidies and the National Rural Development Plan". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n. 20 (23 maggio 2006): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/20/3155.
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The financing of agri-environmental target programs which is a prominent area in the EU became possible during the implementation and successful operation of the National Agricultural Environment Protection Program (NAPP) launched in 2002. Through this program we gained experience in the field agri-environmental measures which are financed from the Guidance Section of European Agricultural and Guarantee Fund in the European Union. The agri-environmental measures which are included in the National Rural Development Plan (NRDP) were implemented in Hungary in the fall of 2004 when the farmers handed in their application after the publishing of the related law. The NAPP financing is still active, but not significant since most farmers have chosen NRDP measures.We are examining the experience of the above programs after studying some theoretical aspects of the agricultural economics and the EU laws. We try to analyse the most important experiences of NAPP including the legal background, news opportunities yielded by target programs, the financing, organisation, and institutional background. We will present the results taking into consideration the data of the winning applicants.
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Valombola, J. S., L. M. Akundabweni, S. K. Awala e K. Hove. "Agronomic and morphological diversity of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) accessions in North-Central Namibia". Welwitschia International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1 (29 dicembre 2019): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32642/wijas.v1i0.1369.
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Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L) Verdc.) is an orphan, underutilised and less exploited crop in Africa and beyond, yet it is an essential traditional crop for subsistence farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, in Namibia, neither a pre-breeding nor a breeding programme exists for Bambara groundnut. Twenty-five Bambara groundnut accessions acquired locally and outside Namibia were characterised for descriptor state, including possible character diversity on the quantitative descriptors. Square lattice design with three replications was used. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation moment, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis. ANOVA indicated significant differences (P < 0.05) among accessions for most of the characters measured, and highly significant differences (P < 0.01) for the number of pods per plant, pod yield, seed yield, plant height, and dry biomass. The dendrogram sub-criterion indicated three clusters, confirming the results of the PCA, which grouped accessions with common descriptors in the same quadrants. PCA biplot showed that the first two components explained 59.55% of the variation. Overall results suggest that the Bambara groundnut accessions evaluated in this study showed high variability, thus can be used as a source of pre-breeding materials to initiate a national breeding programme.
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Guerreiro, José. "Africa Integrated Maritime Policy, blue growth and a new ocean governance: case studies from the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean". Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, n. 1/2022 (29 novembre 2022): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.si2022.1.2.
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Integrated maritime and blue economy policies are changing ocean governance by introducing new policy drivers, reshaping institutional frameworks, as well as demanding new management instruments (e.g., Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP)). This started in 2007 though the European Union Integrated Maritime Policy approach, and in 2009 the Africa Union initiated a similar process, leading both to the Africa integrated maritime strategy as well as a blue economy strategy. Several countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, began to look to blue economy as a booster to socioeconomic welfare and initiated the development of national strategies, together with the necessary adaptation of institutional and legal networks. Case studies address those processes at the transition from the Atlantic to the Indian Oceans, focusing on Angola, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania and Kenya in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, as well as several African Small Islands Developing States (SIDS), particularly Cape Verde, S. Tomé and Príncipe, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mauritius. Findings show that all countries covered in the case studies are developing national ocean and/or blue economy strategies and adapting their governmental, institutional, and legal frameworks, although there is a deeper political impact in SIDS. Overall, these new policy drivers are leading to a new model of ocean governance by addressing integrated maritime policies and blue growth strategies, as well as introducing MSP as a new EEZ governance tool.
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Amutenya, Tulimegameno. "Exploring the use of earth observation and data science for agricultural statistics to complement the census dataset: Case study for Namibia Statistics Agency". Statistical Journal of the IAOS 36 (25 dicembre 2020): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200701.
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Agriculture is the backbone of human life, it enables for food security, health and economy. Yet, many countries in Africa suffer from poor accessibility to agriculture data which is crucial for policy makers and farmers. Half of Namibia’s population depend on agricultural activities, for as their main income source, much of which is undertaken on smallholdings. Therefore, compiling statistics around agricultural outputs is of primary concern to many national statistics agencies Unfortunately, challenges to account for agriculture crop production statistics include low frequency of data collection, lengthy data processing periods, and the lack of timely output which can be linked to policies and decision making. This paper explores the use of satellite imagery and data science techniques in a statistics agency to complement the agriculture census. The paper assessed Google Earth Engine for image processing and extracted a range of indices (NDVI, SAVI, MSAVI and GLCM and Tasseled Cap Index based) in order to identify smallholder farmers’ plots and estimate the field area in a rural village in Namibia. Although groundtruth data was not available at the time of this issue, the findings showed a promising starting point for a scaled project.
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Manyeruke, Charity, e Lawrence Mhandara. "Reflecting on Namibia’s Position in the European Union (EU)-Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) Negotiations and the Lessons for Africa". Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, n. 4 (20 novembre 2012): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i4.2731.
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Negotiations for Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) between European Union (EU) and the African Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) have been on the spotlight since 2002. The negotiations seek to replace the Lome Conventions which provided for a one way non-reciprocal trading regime between the EU and the ACP countries. The paper examines the position of Namibia in relation to EPAs and the lessons that Africa can derive from Namibia’s stance. Namibia which is negotiating under the Southern African Development Community (SADC) has declined to sign the Interim Partnership Agreements, besides initialing them in 2007, arguing that EPAs are not consistent with the objective of advancing African economies into competitive outfits in the global economy. Some of the sticking issues that need to be addressed concern EU’s demand for trade liberalization and a near elimination of import duty on all EU products to ACP zone. The paper argues that the major lessons for Africa are that EPA negotiations are much a political activity in as much as they involve the advancement of collective national interest by the EU. The paper therefore implores African countries to safeguard both political and economic interest in the process in the same manner as their EU counterparts are doing. Again, the paper exhorts Africa to negotiate from a position of strength and refuse to give in to unfair trade terms given the evident competition that is looming between the West and the East to partner Africa in development matters.
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Antošová, A., N. Birčiaková e J. Stávková. "Income aspects of Czech farmers’ living conditions". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 59, No. 6 (12 giugno 2013): 262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/133/2012-agricecon.
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The paper analyses the income and living conditions of farm households in the Czech Republic. The period under review ware the years of 2005–2010 since more recent data was not available when this paper was being prepared. The primary source of data is the results of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU SILC) survey. The structure of farm households is established by the household type, education, and economic activity. Households have been assigned to particular groups based on the situation of the household leader. The primary indicator is the average disposable income per 1 equivalent member. Other indicators under review include poverty, poverty depth, and material deprivation. The national poverty line has been defined as 60% of the median average equivalent income. Another important aspect also includes the households’ subjective views of the selected matters.
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Singh, Lovepreet, e Mini Goyal. "Status of national agriculture market (eNAM) in Punjab". INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 11, n. 2 (15 settembre 2020): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/irjaes/11.2/118-126.
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National Agriculture Market (eNAM) is a pan-India electronic trading portal which was introduced by the government of India in 585 Agriculture Produce Marketing Committees (APMCs) in 16 states and two Union Territories (UTs) till 31st March 2018. The mission of eNAM is to integrate all the APMCs across the country through common online platform to facilitate farmers so that they can earn high income by selling their produce anywhere in the country. There was slow but definite increase in the adoption of eNAM by the stakeholders in India as well as in Punjab. Still about 12 per cent of total APMCs of Punjab has been integrated with eNAM. Since the implementation of eNAM in Punjab total seven commodities viz., potato, Basmati, maize, kinnow, Moong dal, cotton and green peas are traded through it. So far more than two lakh farmers, nearly 1400 traders and 5000 plus commission agents registered with portal have traded commodities worth Rs. 3686 crore involving 12.61 lakh tone of agriculture produce. The government of Punjab is on the right direction by implementing the policy of “One Nation One Market” for agricultural produce because both the quantity and value of trade is increased during the year 2019-20 as compared to 2018-19. It certainly helps in strengthens the existing system of agriculture marketing.
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Smith, Martin J. "The Annual Review: The Emergence of a Corporatist Institution?" Political Studies 37, n. 1 (marzo 1989): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1989.tb00266.x.
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Of the many theories of corporatism the most adequate is that which sees the relationship as a form of interest group intermediation and policy implementation. It has been argued that the Annual Review of Agriculture is one of the best examples of a corporatist institution. This paper examines the Annual Review and demonstrates that, although it has features of corporatism, the relationship between the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Farmers' Union is not corporatist. The paper then examines the policy community approach and by looking at the formation and operation of the Annual Review argues that this is a much better description of the relationship between the ministry and the union.
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Namakula, Catherine S. "Reparations without reparation: A critique of the Germany–Namibia Accord on colonial genocide". African Yearbook on International Humanitarian Law 2021 (2021): 46–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/ayih/2021/a2.
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Reparation is meant for effect: to make amends. The offer of EUR 1,100 million by the Federal Republic of Germany to the Republic of Namibia, in an agreement of June 2021, for the genocide committed during the colonial-era occupation encourages debate about the categorisation and effect of the payment in the fields of human rights and international criminal justice. The genocide was characterised by the loss of the lives of thousands of people among the Nama and Herero of Namibia between 1904 and 1908. In a pioneering analysis, this article reiterates the principles of reparation in international criminal jurisprudence as a yardstick for this significant gesture of remorse. Reparations must meet both procedural and substantive requirements: they must be proportional, appropriate, prompt and adequate, and they must culminate from a process that ensures the meaningful participation of victims and judicious regard for all relevant factors and circumstances. Reparations for the sake of it, without the remedial effect, make a mockery of justice. An agreement for development aid, however generous, cannot meet the standards of reparation for gross human rights violations. It does not oust the jurisdiction of a competent court on the matter and the pre-emptive clause intended to make the financial component in the Germany–Namibia Accord conclusive is unenforceable. This significant discourse must be guided by clearly set standards to avoid replicating the power dynamics which characterised the commission of the crimes that are intended to be addressed. Furthermore, the distinct treatment of victims on the basis of race and colonial history is repugnant and not defensible. A formidable institutional framework is needed for reparations for the trans-Atlantic trade and trafficking in enslaved Africans and colonial crimes, comprising a United Nations independent mechanism and a specialised committee of the African Union, supported by national committees of the respective countries.
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Norris, Johanna, Bettina Matzdorf, Rena Barghusen, Christoph Schulze e Bart van Gorcum. "Viewpoints on Cooperative Peatland Management: Expectations and Motives of Dutch Farmers". Land 10, n. 12 (2 dicembre 2021): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10121326.
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The European Union (EU) is globally the second highest emitter of greenhouse gases from drained peatlands. On the national level, 15% of agricultural peat soils in the Netherlands are responsible for 34% of agricultural emissions. Crucial to any successful policy is a better understanding of the behavioral change it will bring about among the target groups. Thus, we aim to explore farmers’ differing viewpoints to discuss how policy and planning can be improved to ensure landscape-scale climate mitigation on agriculturally used peatlands. Q methodology was used to interview fifteen farmers on Dutch peat soils, whereby 37 statements were ranked in a grid according to their level of agreement. Factor analysis revealed three main viewpoints: farmers with a higher peat proportion show an urgency in continuing to use their land (‘cooperative businesspeople’), while ‘independent opportunists’ are wary of cooperation compromising their sense of autonomy. Farmers who are ‘conditional land stewards’ are open to agriculture without drainage but require appropriate payments to do so. Future policy design must focus on providing support to farmers that go beyond compensation payments by providing information about funding sources as well as potential business models for peatland uses with raised water tables.
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L., J. F. "HIDING BEHIND HORMONES IN MILK". Pediatrics 84, n. 3 (1 settembre 1989): A116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.3.a116.
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Bovine growth hormone, synthesized in bacteria by the new techniques of genetic engineering, may make cows produce some 15 percent more milk. Such a spectacular productivity gain should delight consumers with lower prices and dairy farmers with higher profits. Then why are farmers from New York to Minnesota organizing to oppose the new technology? The harsh fact is that there are too many dairy farmers. Less efficient producers—some of them family farmers—are kept in business by Federal subsidies that in recent years have reached $1 billion annually. Farmers fear that more milk at lower prices may reduce their incomes, forcing many off their farms. The National Farmers Union hopes to ban the hormone or force milk from treated cows to be so labeled, igniting public concern about "unnatural" milk. The milk hormone has not yet been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, but so far there seems no serious safety issue. Milk now contains minute amounts of natural bovine growth hormone; the hormone is destroyed in digestion and is in any case inactive in humans. The dairy industry risks enormous damage if it raises needless safety doubts by insisting on labeling provisions for milk from hormone-treated cows.
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Matlala, M. "The 2011 Green Paper on Land Reform: Opportunities and Challenges - The National African Farmers Union (NAFU SA)". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 17, n. 2 (29 agosto 2014): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/pelj.v17i2.05.
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Stemmet, Jan-ad, e Burgert A. Senekal. "Threats of Communist expansion in Apartheid South Africa: NP claims versus CIA intelligence perspectives in the years 1960 to 1990". New Contree 68 (31 dicembre 2013): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v68i0.280.
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There is a popular perception that the threat of Soviet expansionism during the time of South Africa’s Border War (1966-1989) was a fabrication by the National Party government to motivate young men to fight to maintain Apartheid as the main political ideology. This perception is voiced by numerous authors of “grensliteratuur”, as well as some historians, e.g. Baines and Drewett. The claim of the National Party was that the Soviet Union attempted to expand its political influence in South Africa in order to obtain control over South Africa’s mineral resources and the country’s strategically located shipping routes and harbours. This article uses declassified CIA intelligence reports to engage with both claims, and asks: Was Soviet/ Communist expansion in South Africa true or a fabrication? The finding is that the CIA shared Botha and Malan’s views, and since CIA reports – unlike ministerial speeches – were not intended for wide circulation, they cannot be accused of serving propaganda purposes. The conclusion is therefore that the declassified documents indicate that the NP Goverments of Malan and his successors agreed with the CIA, and therefore the claim of a Soviet threat in Namibia and Angola cannot be labelled an NP fabrication.
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Gill, A. B. N. "The changing demands on producers: from quantity to quality". BSAP Occasional Publication 17 (gennaio 1993): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263967x00001221.
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AbstractProducer marketing of extensive livestock is undergoing rapid change as the political economy adjusts to new global orders and social and commercial pressures condition the nature of the market. British producers are responding to the challenges and opportunities of the market place through a business and marketing approach which embraces farm assurance, collaborative marketing, partnership in the food chain and professional business management. The National Farmers' Union is at the centre of developments in these important areas. This strategy provides the best basis for the maintenance of a viable rural economy.
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Nguyen, Ho Bich Hang, e Katja Weckström Lindroos. "The Regulation of Farmer’s Privilege Under Vietnamese IP Law and the Law of the European Union". IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law 52, n. 6 (30 marzo 2021): 677–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40319-021-01043-z.
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AbstractThe International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Convention 1991 (UPOV Convention) recognizes the need to protect plant breeders’ legitimate interests. Without breeders’ innovations, new high-productivity plant varieties can neither be created nor contribute to society as a whole. Without these new varieties, it is impossible to create new high-yield generations of plants for the benefit of society. The absolute protection of breeders’ rights, however, would create many negative impacts for society. In particular, farmers would have to pay higher prices for seeds if breeders’ exclusive rights were to be overprotected, which would also mean consumers having to pay more for basic foodstuffs. This would lead to food insecurity nationally or even globally, in contravention of the right to food as recognized by Art. 25 of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. These situations represent the dilemmas that governments have to cope with in developing national economies. The concept of farmer’s privilege is an exemption that the UPOV Convention recognizes in order to balance benefits between breeders and farmers. Under the optional exception set out in Art. 15(2) of the UPOV Convention, Contracting Parties may adopt the farmer’s privilege exemption in national law. Vietnam’s Law on Intellectual Property contains the farmer’s privilege exemption, yet there are many loopholes regarding this provision, and in reality, its application is limited. This article analyzes European Union regulation on farmer’s privilege and the way in which this exception has been interpreted, and compares and applies it to the Vietnamese law.
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Daniłowska, Alina. "CHANGES IN EUROPEAN UNION FARM STRUCTURE AND THEIR MULTIDIMENSIONAL IMPLICATIONS". Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 17, n. 4 (30 dicembre 2018): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2018.17.4.49.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the paper was to identify the tendencies in the farm structure in EU-28 countries from 2008 till 2016 and point out their implications. The analyses revealed that during the examined period the very impressive decrease in total farm number was observed. The changes of farm number and of farm structure by size class (in UAA) were very differentiated between countries. The increase in the share of the biggest farms in farm number and especially in utilised agricultural area indicates advanced process of agricultural land concentration in many EU countries. The highest concentration was observed in some post communistic countries, but it was very progressive in such important agricultural product producers as German, Denmark, France, Spain as well. The changes in farm structure have important implications for political power of farmers as an interest group at national and the EU level. They influence the provision of environmental and non-environmental public goods as well.
30
Akther, Tayaba, M. Aminur Rahman, Md Rasal Ali, Md Shamim Parvez e Selina Yeasmine. "Socio–economic aspects of the integrated gher farming system of Dhopakhali union at Kachua upazila in Bagerhat district, Bangladesh". Journal of Biological Studies 6, n. 1 (10 maggio 2023): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.62400/jbs.v6i1.7767.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A study was conducted at Dhopakhali union under Kachua upazila of Bagerhat district in Khulna division from December 2021 to February 2022, with a view to know the current practices of integrated rice–shrimp–prawn–white fish in gher farming system. It was found from this study that 80% farmers acquired experience on gher farming system, and 20% farmers had taken training from GOs, NGOs and other organizations. Among these 80% farmers, 33% farmers acquired their experience by self–study, and the remaining 67% gained experience from friends and neighbors. The average land size in the study area was 0.90 acre or 0.39 ha. The information was collected from 15 farmers with questionnaire interviews, which include the physical condition of the ghers, pre–stocking management, stocking management, post–stocking management, integrated gher farming, social condition of gher farmers, production and cost–benefits. No standard stocking densities were followed by the respondents in the study area and as a result, stocking density was varied from farmer to farmer. During the survey, the average stocking densities of shrimp and prawn were found to be 31,191 PL/ha and 12,686 PL/ha, respectively. The average annual cost of production was 3,47,965.60 BDT/ha in the integrated paddy + shrimp + prawn + white fish + vegetable farming systems. The average annual income was obtained to be 6,60,043.55 BDT/ha from the paddy + shrimp + prawn + white fish + vegetable farming system with a net profit of 3,12,977.94 BDT/ha and the cost–benefit ratio was obtained to be 1.0:1.9. The average annual cost was calculated to be 2,65,436.96 BDT/ha from the only integrated shrimp + prawn + white fish + vegetable without paddy in the gher management systems with an average annual income of 5,29,805.77 BDT/ha. Net profit was estimated to be 2,64,368.81 BDT/ha and the cost–benefit ratio was obtained to be 1.0:2.0 from the only shrimp + prawn + white fish + vegetable without paddy in the integrated gher farming systems. The yield of paddy per year was reported to be 8,034 kg/ha. In the study area, it was found that fish farmers did not have enough credit facilities and sufficient scientific knowledge on the integrated gher farming system. Therefore, they need appropriate training on aquaculture management as well as adequate funding opportunities to improve the gher farming system in a significant manner in commensurate with the national demands.
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Figurek, Aleksandra, Katerina Morphi e Alkis Thrassou. "A Sustainable Risk Management Model and Instruments for Young Farmers in EU Agriculture". Sustainability 16, n. 1 (28 dicembre 2023): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010283.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Young farmers are ready to embrace innovation, smart agriculture, and science-based research to ensure that their work has long-term viability, profitability, and productivity. To prevent the farming population from aging and to ensure farming success, financial support must be provided through instruments that are specifically aimed at young farmers. It is necessary that youth have access to agricultural land policy throughout the EU for the agricultural sector to remain sustainable. In the European Union, young farmers manage farms that are in the lowest-size group. The limited financial possibilities available to young people in the EU exacerbate this. The relationships between risk management instruments and other interventions (such as direct payment and ex-post instruments) and the integration of these tools into national and EU policy frameworks must be thoroughly examined in future policy. Evaluating the possible repercussions of risk management being widely implemented as well as measuring the anticipated variations in farm revenue and the volatility of agricultural commodity prices are equally crucial. Therefore, the present article utilized extant data to conduct a comparative analysis and ultimately present a set of multidisciplinary and quantitative indicators of supportive measures for young farmers in the EU, while also identifying the requisite areas for improvement.
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Liubovets, Olena. "All-Ukrainian Union of Farmers-Owners (Peasants) and the Ukrainian People’s Party: Little-Known Pages in the History of Party Building during the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917–1921". Ethnic History of European Nations, n. 62 (2020): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2020.62.13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921 was a period when for the first time were formed the real conditions for the multiparty system in Ukraine, during which a virtually full party spectrum was formed – from left to right. The political alternatives generated by the revolution were the cause of a constant inter-party and intra-party struggle to develop a model of national building in Ukraine and to determine the main directions of government socio-economic policy. The result was party splits. The article analyzes the reasons for the split of the All-Ukrainian Union of Landowners and the creation of the All-Ukrainian Union of Farmers-Owners (Peasants) on its basis. The leaders of the newly formed Union advocated the creation of an independent parliamentary-type Ukraine led by the hetman, and considered the wealthy peasantry to be their social support. The anti-Hetman uprising hindered the development of the Union’s activities. During the time of the Directory of UNR, the Union could not become a full-fledged party. In May 1919, the Union was transformed into the Ukrainian People’s Part, which exists a little over a year, but also failed to become an influential political party. It was small and little known to the public. In the political spectrum of the UNR, the party held a centrist position, but the ruling socialist parties considered it as «right».
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Tack, Jurgen. "Implications of EU environmental policies on agriculture in Europe and beyond". Magna Scientia UCEVA 2, n. 2 (21 dicembre 2022): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54502/msuceva.v2n2a6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The European Union is taking several policy initiatives to combat climate change and the loss of biodiversity with direct impact on agriculture. For farmers the European Commission is promoting an instrument called OECM, Other effective area-based conservation measures. Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) are a new conservation approach, separate from protected areas, where conservation is achieved mainly as a by-product of other management. OECMs can be counted towards the EU target if: i) Conservation objectives and measures are in place; ii) the area is covered by a national or international legal or administrative act or a contractual arrangement achieving long-term conservation outcomes and iii) effective management and monitoring of the biodiversity in the area is in place. A new growth strategy that aims to transform the EU into a fair and prosperous society with a modern, resource-efficient and competitive economy where there are no net emissions of greenhouse gases in 2050 and where economic growth is decoupled from resource use. While those initiatives mainly impact the life and work of European farmers, there is as well an indirect impact to farmers elsewhere in the world
34
Laws, J. "R v MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND FOOD EX P. LOWER BURYTOWN FARMS LTD, NATIONAL FARMERS' UNION AND OTHERS". European Law Reports 3, n. 2 (1 marzo 1999): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/elr.v3n2.129.
Testo completo
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Neszmélyi, Athéné. "Development of and Lessons from the Institution System of the Common Agricultural Policy in Slovenia". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n. 14 (22 settembre 2004): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/14/3366.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The comprehensive agricultural policy of Slovenia during the setting-up of its agricultural institutional system for implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy has enabled the setting-up and design of the Paying Agency system to handle national and EU subsidies according to schedule. The country has acted on the advice of the European Union to use the introduction of SAPARD measures as a preparatory and experimental field for utilising subsidies after EU accession. Moreover, in addition to the importance of gaining practical experience in the field of implementation of rural development measures, Slovenia has recognised the necessity to become familiar with the application procedures for obtaining direct payments relevant for the largest group of beneficiaries, farmers. Accordingly, farmers have been practicing for 3 years how to fill in application forms, and have gained important experience before opening the most relevant resources. Also, the advisers supporting farmers to obtain subsidies have been trained during the last 3 years, in order to provide real assistance. EU agricultural subsidies are not divided among the Member States; there will be a strong competition not only with the new Member States, but also with the farmers of the more developed EU-15.Slovenia has done its best in order to launch its farmers – due to the different development levels of the EU-25 Member States – into this very strong competition not like pupils, but at least like mature secondary school students.
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Shilpa, S. K. "Emergence of Producer Companies as Innovative Institutions for Agriculture Development in India: Issues and Challenges". Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 17, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2020): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2020.17.2.5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Small and marginal farmers encounter several challenges in managing their farms, the major being limited investment capacity, access to inputs, water, power, and credit. In India, the Ministry of Agriculture recognized the collectivization of these farmers into producer organizations (POs) as the most appropriate institutional form to leverage farmers’ production and marketing capacities. The study aims to understand the characteristics of producer companies (PCs) and identify the issues and challenges in the emergence of PCs through a quantitative study of all PCs registered in the country using secondary data and a qualitative study based on interviews with 192 PC directors, members, and 11 promoting institutions. The formation and development of PCs are being actively undertaken by government and their agencies with major financial support from the Small Farmers Agri-Business Consortium (SFAC) and the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), with technical support from resource support agencies. A total of 7,381 PCs were registered by March 2019, across 33 states and union territories, and 2,749 PCs were active as of March 2018. PCs face numerous challenges, the major being shortage of investment and working capital, compliance-related problems, lack of vision and direction from the board and poor professional management. From the perspective of the producer organization promoting institutions or POPIs, the major issues were attitude of farmers, limited number of members, poor equity base, subsidy driven process, and non-result-oriented approach of the PCs.
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Murugan, G. Sakthivel, I. Arul Aram, S. Amal Raj, A. Arivudai Nambi e Nancy J. Anabel. "Mobile Extension in Enhancing the Livelihood of Farmers in India". International Journal of E-Politics 9, n. 1 (gennaio 2018): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijep.2018010104.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research article is based on an empirical investigation into mobile advisory services co-created by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) and the agriculture farmers' community of the Union Territory of Puducherry, India. It seeks to map pattern of mobile advisory use and its impact on agricultural livelihood vis-à-vis agriculture and animal husbandry. This research article investigates the effectiveness of the agricultural extension tool of mobile phone among farmers in areas of rural in Puducherry, during the years 2010-2013. Investigation with the farmers revealed that innovative dissemination of mobile advisory has improved their agricultural productivity. The mobile audio advisories played a vital role in bridging the knowledge gap and scientific solutions between the scientific and farming communities. This research paper analyses farmers' benefits, gaps in mobile advisory services (MAS), perception of mobile messages, socio-demographic, and socio-economic data. As a result, farmers were able to acquire knowledge and skills relating to their livelihoods and make timely decisions to cope with emerging issues and trends in agriculture to an extent of diversifying their cropping pattern. The audio advisories helped farmers with timely information on agriculture. Mobile advisory has also strengthened the local agricultural extension system where farmers have updated their knowledge and skills. These messages enhanced their knowledge in crop management, latest farming technologies, and agriculture-related government schemes and entitlements, and post-harvest techniques along with care and management of livestock. These skills are very much useful for them to get adapted to changing climate scenarios and to have improved livelihood opportunities.
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Al Sidawi, Rami, Teo Urushadze e Angelika Ploeger. "Changes in Dairy Products Value Chain in Georgia". Sustainability 12, n. 15 (22 luglio 2020): 5894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12155894.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The livestock sector, as a part of the traditional food system in Georgia, occupies a considerable portion of the national economy. Though smallholder farmers are the key suppliers at the primary stage in the food value chain, the empowerment of smallholder farmers in the dairy production system in Georgia is a questionable matter. This research study reports the results of changes in the dairy sector in Georgia (Caucasus) after becoming independent from the Soviet Union (literature survey) and how these changes are seen by experts in the dairy value chain. In addition, this study aimed to look in-depth at the dynamics of the value chain of dairy in Georgia and examine the current dairy production policies. Qualitative research was applied as the methodology for expert interviews in 2019. The findings showed the difficulties experienced by the local and national dairy market sectors in Georgia nowadays. Where these difficulties were analyzed by the parameters of the value chain, it states the impact of the current regulations and policies on the safety and the quality of dairy production in the country and the depth of social, economic, and ethical impacts on the marketing of dairy products for smallholders. Furthermore, the Sustainable Development Goals on the dairy value chain are described.
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STANA, Petrică, e Marius VLADU. "RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF SUBMEASURE 17.1 "CROP, ANIMAL AND PLANT INSURANCE PREMIUMS" ON AGRICULTURAL FARMING". "Annals of the University of Craiova - Agriculture Montanology Cadastre Series " 52, n. 2 (24 gennaio 2023): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aamc.v52i2.1418.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The study aims to create an overview of access to non-reimbursable funds offered by the European Union through the National Rural Development Program through submeasure 17.1 In this way, an analysis was made of the current situation of the compensation of crop, animal and plant insurance premiums on Romanian farmers through these funds. This analysis showed that Romanian farmers became increasingly interested in crop insurance premiums from the National Rural Development Program (PNDR) 2014-2020, amid the drought. According to market data, approximately 15% of agricultural crops are insured in Romania, given that insurance companies are generally limited to problem areas. For this period, a total of 16,536 funding applications were submitted, of which 14,379 applications were eligible for funding, 1,536 funding applications were ineligible for funding, and 441 funding applications were withdrawn. In the case of eligible applications, the total amount of funding applications was 196,160,907 lei, and the non-refundable support was 133,525,367.5 lei, in the case of ineligible applications, the total amount of funding applications was 22,953,885.82 lei , and the non-refundable support would have been 12,489,088.03. in the case of ineligible applications, the total amount of funding applications was 2,220,356.30 lei, and the non-reimbursable support would have been 1,222,778.09 lei.
40
GAUTAM, U. S., SHAIK N. MEERA, TARA SATYAVATHI, A. BHASKARAN, SANGAPPA, R. R. CHAPKE e RANJAY K. SINGH. "Seed of an idea: Mann Ki Baat (Inner thoughts) programme and its perceived social influence on millets farming". Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 93, n. 4 (25 aprile 2023): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i4.135413.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The declining area and production of millets needed a national-level social influencer, and Mann Ki Baat hosted by the Hon’ble Prime Minister was timely. The present study tried to assess the perception of millet farmers, as to how social influencing event, such as Mann Ki Baat, has impacted millets farming context. The study was carried out in 68 districts belonging to 28 states and Union Territories with a participation of 1236 millet farmers, and professionals from 68 Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs). The results indicated that the ~ 88% of KVKs could undertake the follow-up activity on the Mann Ki Baat, and for attending a few episodes at KVK campuses, 60% of the farmers respondents travelled more than 15 KM. Among the millet farmers, 53% have listened to five Mann Ki Baat episodes, whereas 9% of the farmers have listened to more than 30 episodes (for general issues, going beyond agriculture-related episodes). This reveals that Mann Ki Baat, is no longer an urban-oriented program, but has directly reached out to the marginal millet farmers. Mass media and social media played a major role in publicizing the event among millet farmers and consumers, while KVKs provided knowledge support to millet farmers during and after the Mann Ki Baat episodes. About 20% of the farmers either formed or joined the Interest groups on millets after listening to the Mann Ki Baat. More than 45% of the farmers believed that they got at least one additional idea and or practice about millet farming due to this event. A considerable number of respondents either adopted or have been sensitized to what they were already doing, and further having millets in their diet after hearing the Mann Ki Baat episodes. The episodes had substantial influence on the perception of millet growers and consumers, which has strengthened further process of farmers’ adoption of improved varieties of millets and strengthened the environment on agri-entrepreneurship. The lessons learned from the study may help further to promote millet farming in accordance with changing agricultural scenarios locally and globally.
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Sterie, Cristina Maria, e Raluca Andreea Ion. "Approaches to implementing fair trade practices for smallholder farmers". Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 16, n. 1 (1 agosto 2022): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2022-0044.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Fair Trade is a global network, a certification system whereby producers meet certain social, economic and environmental standards, with additional funding to improve these conditions and a minimum price set for their products. The literature shows the rapid spread of movements implemented by countries who want fair trade, fair prices and high quality products. The present research demonstrates the need for the implementation of the Fair Trade movement at the level of each country in the European Union and the benefits for the actors involved. At the global movement level, the total number of producer organisations in the FairTrade scheme in 2020 was 1880, of which 950 were registered in Latin America and the Caribbean. The paper is based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of areas and productions for the 7 main agricultural products: tea, coffee, cocoa, sugar, bananas, cottonseed and plants and flowers, as well as the calculation of the main statistical indicators standard deviation, coefficient of variation and growth rate. At E.U. level there are 16 countries representing national Fair Trade organisations, of which Germany ranked second in terms of retail trade of FairTrade products in 2017. The recognition of certification in Europe is an important asset, as the high living standards in Western European countries mean that they are interested in buying products with this label.
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Itambu, Makarius P. "Endangered African Wild Dogs: Ecological Disturbances, Habitat Fragmentations, and Ecosystem Collapse in Sub-Saharan Africa." Tanzania Zamani: A Journal of Historical Research and Writing 13, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2021): 171–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/tza20211316.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) is among the species that have declined to the point where it is now listed as endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN, 2012). Formerly, the African wild dog population was estimated to span 39 African countries, but today, they have disappeared from much of their former habitats, now occupying just 7% of their former geographic range. They are presently found in only 14 countries primarily in the southern part of the continent, including South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Namibia, and Botswana. The largest populations are presently found in northern Botswana, the Selous Game Reserve in Tanzania, and in Kruger National Park in South Africa. In East Africa, the largest population is found in Tanzania and Kenya in the Serengeti-Maasai-Mara ecosystems and in the Selous Game Reserve. The current, global population is estimated to be between 3000-5000 which is comprised of less than 1400 mature individuals. Methodically, this study deeply underscored these data from critical library research i.e., archival sources, books and articles, and other published literatures across the globe which are pertinent to this research topic.
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Nyanga, Progress H. "Factors Influencing Adoption and Area under Conservation Agriculture: A Mixed Methods Approach". Sustainable Agriculture Research 1, n. 2 (4 luglio 2012): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v1n2p27.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
<p>Adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) is quite low in most parts of Africa. However, Zambia has been quite successful in increasing adoption of CA among smallholder farmers. Few studies using both quantitative and qualitative approaches have been conducted in Zambia to determine factors influencing adoption of CA. This study uses mixed methods approach to document factors influencing adoption of CA among smallholder farmers under the Conservation Agriculture Project (CAP) in Zambia. From a random sample of 415 smallholder farmers, results showed that 71% had adopted CA. Quantitative analysis indicated that CA trainings, previous experience in minimum tillage, membership in farmer organisations, and ownership of CA tillage equipment significantly increased the likelihood of CA adoption. Number of CA trainings attended, farm size, number of rippers owned and use of herbicide had a significant positive influence on area under CA. Qualitative approaches showed that good rapport with farmers, trust, reciprocity and altruism, monitoring and evaluations, extension strategy, quality and extent of technical knowledge in CA within CFU, and artificial incentives positively influenced adoption of CA. Traditional leadership was reported to enhance adoption of CA in most cases. Prestige was reported to withhold some men from adopting CA basins. Women were very involved in CA basins while men were mostly involved in ADP ripping. Some worldviews of farmers had negative influence on adoption of CA. Donor support and collaboration with the Zambia National Farmers Union and private sector were other contextual factors for the high adoption of CA among sampled smallholder farmers. In the promotion of CA it is important to pay attention to both quantitative and qualitative factors influencing adoption. A mixed methods approach thus can lead to a better understanding of the adoption of CA than a single research strategy approach.</p>
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Kissné Nagy, Csilla. "Extent and characteristic of diversification among Hungarian agricultural holdings". Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 10, n. 4-5 (31 dicembre 2016): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2016/4-5/5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Through the connection to rural resources agriculture has an impact on the three functions of countryside: ecology, society and economy. Resources of economy and production environment are continuously changing thus farmers have to adapt to these changing circumstances. One of the adaptation methods is the diversification of activities to promote effective capacity utilization and additional profit. However there is no standard definition of diversification from the point of agricultural economics aspect both traditional approaches and the influence of European Union should also be considered to define it. Diversification and alternative income opportunities could be subsistence possibilities for several farmers. This could be defined not only at private holdings’ but at enterprises’ level. According to a traditional approach Hungarian statistical databases collect on-farm and off-farm agricultural activities depending on the connection to resources of a farm business. Analysing this database an overall picture could be defined considering the position and characteristic of diversified farmers and the popularity of each activity among agricultural producers. Based on a study, published in 2011 (Hamza, 2011) this paper also involves the latest statistical data (2010, 2013). Analysing dataset of period 2000-2013 this paper gives an overall overview about national and regional position and characteristics of diversified holdings and activities.
JEL code: Q19
45
Geoghegan, Cathal, Anne Kinsella e Catahl O’Donoghue. "Institutional drivers of land mobility". Agricultural Finance Review 77, n. 3 (4 settembre 2017): 376–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-12-2015-0056.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of institutional factors in agricultural structural change in the European Union (EU) using the case study of land mobility in Ireland. A range of agricultural land use options are compared in order to examine the effect of domestic and EU policy instruments on land mobility. Design/methodology/approach Using socio-economic data from the Teagasc National Farm Survey, three hypothetical farms are created using a microsimulation approach to compare incomes across farm systems and land use options. Tax and subsidy policies are applied to derive returns for the hypothetical farms under a variety of land use scenarios. Findings The analysis finds that in comparing four hypothetical scenarios, leasing out agricultural land on a long-term basis can prove more profitable for cattle and tillage farmers than farming the land. Only dairy farmers derive consistently higher disposable incomes from farming their land as opposed to leasing it out. Changes in CAP rules can also negatively affect farmers taking advantage of Ireland’s tax-based leasing incentives. Originality/value A gap in the literature exists in terms of how institutional factors may act to prevent either land supply or demand channels from functioning properly. This paper addresses that gap, using Ireland as a case study.
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Bak, Joanna, e Małgorzata Szałkowska. "The Social Security of Farmers in Poland and in Selected EU Member States". Olsztyn Economic Journal 15, n. 3 (30 novembre 2020): 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.6343.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The subject of the present article is the social security of farmers. The main aim of this research paper is characterizing the functioning of the social security system for Polish farmers in comparison to such systems in selected member states of the European Union. The research investigated social security systems in Finland, France, Austria, Germany and Poland.
The research involved a review of the literature on social security systems for farmers, provisions of law regulating the principles of such systems and the information furnished by the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS), as well as statistical data provided by KRUS and Eurostat.
The following research methods have been applied: descriptive analysis of the documents in order to verify the diversity of agricultural security systems, a critical review of the literature and online data concerning social security, and a comparative analysis.
Each of the investigated countries has its own, distinct social and historical conditions, which has led to the development of independent institutions of social security for farmers. One factor which all these systems have in common is significant support from the national budget. In the future, financial inefficiency may pose the most significant risk to security systems in agriculture. Except for their social role, the social security systems presented below also participate in the management of agricultural policy, the aim of which is the development of rural areas and the welfare of the natural environment.
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Valombola, Johanna Shekupe, Simon Kamwele Awala e Kudakwashe Hove. "Morphological characterisation of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) germplasm collections: A basis for crop improvement". Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology 3, n. 1 (27 gennaio 2022): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jaab.03.01.02.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bambara groundnut is one of the underutilised legume crops adapted to Sub-Saharan Africa's harsh, semi-arid tropical regions, providing nutrition and cash income among resource-poor farmers. A field study comprising 25 Bambara groundnut accessions was carried out during the 2018/2019 cropping season at the Crop Science Experimental Field, University of Namibia-Ogongo Campus, to characterise the accessions using qualitative traits. The experimental design used was an alpha lattice with three replications. Based on the visual observation techniques, the results showed morphological variation among the genotypes. The Bambara groundnut germplasm studied showed high phenotypic variations. The germplasm had a high proportion of the bunch-type growth habit (44% accessions), oval leaflet shape (64%), sparse hairiness (56%), and absence of eye pattern colour (70%). Also, cluster analysis grouped the accessions into five super classes. Shanon-Wennier index indicated a significant level of diversity among the Bambara groundnut accessions for most traits studied, with plant growth habits having the highest index of 2.15, followed by for pod colour (1.45) and seed eye pattern colour (1.22). These results may be useful in formulating national Bambara groundnut breeding programs in semi-arid Sub-Saharan African regions. However, molecular analysis is required to determine the genetic variations among the accessions.
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ŞURCĂ, Elena. "Evaluating the Potential for Soybean Culture in Romania Compared with the European Union". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 75, n. 1 (19 maggio 2018): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasmvcn-hort:000217.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Soybean is a very popular plant for its wide use, and it is coming back to the attention of farmers due to its special importance in various sectors. Thus, the present study, aims to highlight Romania’s position regarding the areas cultivated with this plant, grain and oil production, consumption per capita and also forage consumption in the zootechnical sector. Also, it will bring in the highlight aspects very important, like imports and exports for the period of 2000-2016 in order to assess the potential of soybean culture and its necessity on the territory of Romania. Due to the high demand for soybeans and / or soybean products, Romania has to resort to the European or world market in order to satisfy the demand for this product, mainly used in the livestock sector. Soybean culture will be analyzed in two different period, the first period will be the pre-accession (2000-2007) and the second one will be the post-accession (2007-2016) of Romanian to the European Union, thus reference will be made to genetically modified soybeans and their use on national and European territories.
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Spasojević, Boris, Aleksandar Đukić e Dragan Stanković. "Reforms of the Community Agrarian Policy: Misconception or New Agricultural Architecture?" ECONOMICS 5, n. 2 (20 dicembre 2017): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eoik-2017-0024.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Summary The European Union is the most complex and by any aspect the most unique example of a regional economic integration. Its origin, evolution and survival are based on a common legislative and institutional framework. The so-called common policies implemented in a number of economic and non-economic areas are particularly distinctive. Most of them are implemented on two levels: national and communal. The only common policy that is fully implemented at the European Union level is the Community Agrarian Policy (CAP), whereas the agriculture has the highest expenditure in the communal budget. The function of CAP is primarily economic as its goals are strictly related to economic issues: price stability of agricultural products, productivity growth, higher wages for the farmers, etc. The CAP strengthens the Union’s social cohesion, which is of utmost importance in times of constant crises, BREXIT and other extreme instabilities. For this reason, the CAP has been in the processes of continuous reforms (MacShary, Mansholt and those of recent times) for decades, in order to increase its efficiency and justify enormous financial investments. The CAP results depend on the achievement of preset objectives and the exchange of agricultural products and food that the European Union generates globally. It has been demonstrated that the CAP is a significant common policy, both in achieving economic goals and in the sphere of strengthening communal cohesion.
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GALLUZZO, Nicola. "Medium Term Analysis of Technical and Allocative Efficiency in Romanian Farms Using FADN Dataset". Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 74, n. 1 (19 maggio 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:12645.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Farm Accountancy Data Network is an annual survey proposed by the European Union in order to estimate the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy on farmers. Lots of scholars have investigated the technical, economical and allocative efficiency using a non parametric approach such as the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in Romanian farms throughout the Farm Accountancy Data Network dataset pointing out poor levels of technical efficiency, which were lower than the average European value. The purpose of this study was to assess using DEA approach technical, economic and allocative efficiency in Romanian farms part of the FADN dataset over six year time from 2007 to 2012. Findings pointed out an increase of technical efficiency compared to previous studies, as a consequence of a significant turn over of a younger high skill and qualified farmers generation. Poor land capital, in terms of utilized agricultural areas, connected to an increase of new technologies, was the downside of Romanian farms and this implied that the National Rural Development Plan should have taken into account financial subsides in order to implement agricultural areas scattered in Romanian rural space.