Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Myode glareolus"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Myode glareolus":
1
Prakas, Petras, Naglis Gudiškis, Neringa Kitrytė, Dovilė Laisvūnė Bagdonaitė e Laima Baltrūnaitė. "Detection of Three Sarcocystis Species (Apicomplexa) in Blood Samples of the Bank Vole and Yellow-Necked Mouse from Lithuania". Life 14, n. 3 (10 marzo 2024): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14030365.
Abstract (sommario):
The genus Sarcocystis is an abundant group of Apicomplexa parasites found in mammals, birds, and reptiles. These parasites are characterised by the formation of sarcocysts in the muscles of intermediate hosts and the development of sporocysts in the intestines of definitive hosts. The identification of Sarcocystis spp. is usually carried out in carcasses of animals, while there is a lack of studies on the detection of Sarcocystis species in blood samples. In the current study, blood samples of 214 yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis) and 143 bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) from Lithuania were examined for Sarcocystis. The molecular identification of Sarcocystis was carried out using nested PCR of cox1 and 28S rRNA and subsequent sequencing. Sarcocystis spp. were statistically (p < 0.01) more frequently detected in the bank vole (6.3%) than in yellow-necked mice (0.9%). The analysed parasites were observed in four different habitats, such as mature deciduous forest, bog, natural meadow, and arable land. Three species, Sarcocystis funereus, Sarcocystis myodes, and Sarcocystis cf. glareoli were confirmed in the bank vole, whereas only Sarcocystis myodes were found in yellow-necked mice. The obtained results are important in the development of molecular identification of Sarcocystis parasites in live animals.
2
Suchomel, Josef, Jan Zejda, Pavel Hadaš e Marta Heroldová. "Effects of moisture conditions on the small mammal communities of floodplain forests in south Moravia (Czech Republic)". Šumarski list 141, n. 11-12 (4 dicembre 2017): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.141.11-12.2.
Abstract (sommario):
Changes of the moisture regime and its influence on the dominance of selected species of small mammal communities were studied in floodplain forests in southern Moravia (river Dyje). In period of typical floodplain regime characterized by groundwater table fluctuation (1968–1972, with high groundwater table level or floods in spring) dominance of Apodemus flavicollis (Mel.) was 42%, Myodes glareolus (Schreb.) 33% and Sorex araneus L. 15% of the total small mammal communities. In period 1982–1987 after cessation of floods by river regulation, rapid groundwater drop and changes in the herb layer, the dominance of Apodemus flavicollis and Myodes glareolus increased. Also the dominance of Apodemus sylvaticus (L.) increased, but that of Sorex araneus collapsed. Further revitalization measures were applied by systems of channels supplying the water to root system of forest trees but not to the herb layer. In 2002–2006 decreasing moisture condition further influenced the dominance of Apodemus flavicollis reaching mean dominance 62%, Myodes glareolus dominance decreased to 20% and that of Sorex araneus remain to be low. All estimated changes were correlated with moisture regime changes and were significant. Thus the changes in the forest moisture regime significantly affect the community of small terrestrial mammals.
3
Melnikova (Rodchenkova), E. N., I. A. Kshnyasev, S. Yu Bodrov, S. V. Mukhacheva, Yu A. Davydova e N. I. Abramson. "Sympatric area of Myodes glareolus and M. rutilus (Rodentia, Cricetidae): historic and recent hybridization". Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 316, n. 4 (25 dicembre 2012): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2012.316.4.307.
Abstract (sommario):
The bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and the northern red-backed vole (M. rutilus) are two phylogenetically close sylvatic species with a widely sympatric range (European part of Russia, Western Siberia). A significant number of M. glareolus with mitochondrial genome of M. rutilus was detected in this sympatry zone earlier and only one of the first generation hybrid (F1) was discovered. The aim of the present study is to assess the extent of modern hybridization and to analyze the possible conditions of interspecies hybridization between the voles. The cytochrome b gene sequences of M. glareolus (164) and M. rutilus (108) sampled in the sympatric area were studied. In order to identify the modern hybrids, 841 individuals of M. glareolus were analyzed with cytochrome b PCR-typing, two microsatellite loci and one nuclear gene (LCAT). The detected unique case of the hybridization between M. glareolus and M. rutilus in nature is evidence that it is a possible at present but rare event. According to findings in the Urals M. glareolus populations, the chances of modern hybridization in the depression phases were higher than those regardless of cycle phase. Interspecific hybridization between these vole species in the historical past may have occurred in the southern Urals refuge during the Last Glacial Maximum, at a low density of both species. A mass independent hybridization during the formation of the sympatry seems less likely.
4
Bugmyrin, Sergey, e Lyubov Alekseevna Bespyatova. "Interspecific relations of parasites of bank vole Myodes glareolus (Schreber, 1780)". Principles of the Ecology 4, n. 4 (dicembre 2012): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j1.art.2012.1981.
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MRÓZ, Bernard. "A PROPOSAL OF MONITORING OF THE BANK VOLE (MYODES GLAREOLU, SCHREBER 1780)". Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica 361, n. 60 (14 febbraio 2022): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/aapz2021.60.4.02.
Abstract (sommario):
There are many reasons why it might be necessary to monitor the bank voles. It causes damage to trees and eats seeds in orchards and tree plantations, and the determination of its presence as well as the effectiveness of the measures taken to minimize losses is very important in the activity of the above-mentioned. The rodent is also the main for central Europe reservoir of the Puumala virus, which is dangerous to humans, so observing the trends in the number of voles may be crucial. The small number of the species may indicate environmental poisoning, especially with copper. And finally, it is a very important species for the environment, both transformed by man and natural, so it is very important to preserve it despite the climate changes. The bank vole is a small mammal from the Cricetidae family. It occurs all over Europe. It lives mainly in deciduous forests of medium density and rich undergrowth, although it is also found in other areas, including anthropogenic ones. The proposed monitoring is based on catching with the use of wooden box traps and the analysis of pellets. The indicators used would be: the number of individuals caught per 100 trap-nights, the percentage of the species in total number of small mammals and the age structure of the population. In the first method one should remember about practices that will reduce or eliminate the mortality of captured animals – the appropriate setting of traps and selection of weather conditions. Also collecting pellets, one should bear in mind the limitations of this method and the differences between the spring-summer and autumn-winter material. The determination of the condition of the habitat may be based on the percentage of deciduous trees, density of trees and the appearance of the undergrowth.
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McManus, Andrew, Celia V. Holland, Heikki Henttonen e Peter Stuart. "The Invasive Bank Vole (Myodes glareolus): A Model System for Studying Parasites and Ecoimmunology during a Biological Invasion". Animals 11, n. 9 (28 agosto 2021): 2529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092529.
Abstract (sommario):
The primary driver of the observed increase in emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) has been identified as human interaction with wildlife and this increase has emphasized knowledge gaps in wildlife pathogens dynamics. Wild rodent models have proven excellent for studying changes in parasite communities and have been a particular focus of eco-immunological research. Helminth species have been shown to be one of the factors regulating rodent abundance and indirectly affect disease burden through trade-offs between immune pathways. The Myodes glareolus invasion in Ireland is a unique model system to explore the invasion dynamics of helminth species. Studies of the invasive population of M. glareolus in Ireland have revealed a verifiable introduction point and its steady spread. Helminths studies of this invasion have identified enemy release, spillover, spillback and dilution taking place. Longitudinal studies have the potential to demonstrate the interplay between helminth parasite dynamics and both immune adaptation and coinfecting microparasites as M. glareolus become established across Ireland. Using the M. glareolus invasion as a model system and other similar wildlife systems, we can begin to fill the large gap in our knowledge surrounding the area of wildlife pathogen dynamics.
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Vidal, Enric, Judit Burgaya, Lorraine Michelet, Claudia Arrieta-Villegas, Guillermo Cantero, Krystel de Cruz, Jennifer Tambosco et al. "Experimental Mycobacterium microti Infection in Bank Voles (Myodes glareolus)". Microorganisms 10, n. 1 (10 gennaio 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010135.
Abstract (sommario):
Voles are maintenance hosts of Mycobacterium microti. In line with the goal to eradicate tuberculosis (TB) in livestock, the role of this mycobacteria needs to be assessed since it might interfere with current M. bovis/M. caprae surveillance strategies. To better understand the pathogenesis of TB in voles, an experimental infection model was set up to reproduce M. microti infection in laboratory Bank voles (Myodes glareolus). Two infection routes (intragastric and intraperitoneal) and doses (105 and 106 CFU/0.1 mL) were assessed. Voles were culled at different post-infection time points. Serology, histopathology, acid-fast bacilli staining, qPCR, and mycobacterial culture from tissues were performed. In addition, qPCR from feces and oral swabs were conducted to assess bacterial shedding. The model allowed us to faithfully reproduce the disease phenotype described in free-ranging voles and characterize the pathogenesis of the infection. Most animals showed multifocal and diffuse granulomatous lesions in the liver and spleen, respectively. Less frequently, granulomas were observed in lungs, lymph nodes, muscles, and salivary gland. Mycobacterial DNA was detected in feces from a few animals but not in oral swabs. However, one contact uninfected vole seroconverted and showed incipient TB compatible lesions, suggesting horizontal transmission between voles.
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Hardestam, Jonas, Malin Karlsson, Kerstin I. Falk, Gert Olsson, Jonas Klingström e Åke Lundkvist. "Puumala Hantavirus Excretion Kinetics in Bank Voles (Myodes glareolus)". Emerging Infectious Diseases 14, n. 8 (agosto 2008): 1209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1408.080221.
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Miska-Schramm, Agata, Joanna Kapusta e Małgorzata Kruczek. "Copper influence on bank vole’s (Myodes glareolus) sexual behavior". Ecotoxicology 27, n. 3 (2 febbraio 2018): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-018-1902-z.
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Williams, N. J., T. R. Jones, H. J. Leatherbarrow, R. J. Birtles, A. Lahuerta-Marin, M. Bennett e C. Winstanley. "Isolation of a Novel Campylobacter jejuni Clone Associated with the Bank Vole, Myodes glareolus". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, n. 21 (17 settembre 2010): 7318–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00511-10.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Campylobacter jejuni can be isolated from different animal hosts. Various studies have used multilocus sequence typing to look for associations between particular clones of C. jejuni and specific hosts. Here, we describe the isolation of a novel clone (sequence type 3704 [ST-3704]) of C. jejuni associated with the bank vole (Myodes glareolus).
Tesi sul tema "Myode glareolus":
1
Madrieres, Sarah. "Etude des interactions entre l'orthohantavirus Puumala et son réservoir dans l'épidémiologie de la néphropathie épidémique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NSAM0022.
Abstract (sommario):
Afin de mieux prévenir l'émergence des maladies infectieuses, il est important d'étudier et de mieux comprendre les interactions qui régissent entre les différents acteurs (humain, virus, hôtes/réservoirs, environnement) intervenant dans ce processus. Nous nous sommes intéressés à la néphropathie épidémique (NE) et plus particulièrement à sa situation épidémiologique en France où une extension de la distribution géographique des cas humains a pu être observée au cours de ces dernières années. La France propose une situation particulière avec des zones dites endémiques (nombreux cas humains de NE) et des zones dites non-endémiques (peu ou pas de humains). Cependant l'influence de l'ensemble des acteurs impliqués dans ces différences épidémiologiques n'est pas connue. Nous nous sommes ainsi intéressés aux interactions entre l'orthohantavirus Puumala, responsable de cette zoonose, et son réservoir, le campagnol roussâtre et aux processus éco-évolutifs qui pourraient influencer l'épidémiologie de la NE en France. Tout au long des travaux de recherche, nous avons combiné deux approches complémentaires : la première centrée sur la virologie et les infections expérimentales en laboratoire, et la seconde centrée sur l'évolution virale et des techniques de séquençage haut-débit. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur deux régions françaises ayant des patrons épidémiologiques vis-à-vis de la NE contrastés, les Ardennes (zone endémique) et le Loiret (zone non-endémique), où le virus est aussi connu pour circuler dans les populations de rongeurs. Nous avons tout d'abord réalisé une synthèse des études menées sur les expérimentations portant sur les orthohantavirus et leurs réservoirs. Celle-ci nous a permis de reprendre les grandes thématiques de recherches abordées sur ce sujet et d'identifier les limites et perspectives pouvant être menées sur ces couples hôtes-pathogènes. Ensuite nous décrivons comment nous avons réussi à isoler pour la première fois les souches PUUV circulant dans les Ardennes et le Loiret ainsi que leur caractérisation sur des rongeurs de laboratoire. Enfin nous décrivons comment les interactions entre PUUV et son réservoir sauvage affectent des processus éco-évolutifs (réponse sérologique, réplication, diversité virale) qui à leur tour peuvent influencer l'épidémiologie de la NE. En conclusion, cette thèse nous a permis de mettre en évidence l'importance de la variabilité des souches PUUV dans l'épidémiologie de la NE et du rôle que pouvait aussi avoir le réservoirIn order to prevent the emergence of infectious diseases, it is important to study and to better understand the interactions that exist between the different actors (human, virus, hosts/reservoirs, environment) involved in this process. We are interested in nephropathia epidemica (NE) and more particularly in its epidemiological situation in France where an extension of the geographical distribution of human cases has been decribed in recent years. France offers a particular situation with so-called endemic areas (many human cases of NE) and so-called non-endemic areas (few or no humans). However, the full set of actors used in these epidemiological differences is unknown. We are therefore interested in the interactions between the orthohantavirus Puumala, responsible for this zoonosis, and its reservoir, the bank voles, and in the eco-evolutionary processes that could influence the epidemiology of NE in France. Throughout the research work, we combined two complementary approaches: the first focused on virology and experimental infections in the laboratory, and the second focused on viral evolution and high-throughput sequencing techniques. We are focused on two French areas with contrasting NE epidemiological patterns, the Ardennes (endemic area) and Loiret (non-endemic area), where the virus is also known to circulate in rodent populations. We first carried out a synthesis of studies on experiments with orthohantaviruses and their reservoirs. This allowed us to take up the major research themes addressed on this subject and to identify the limits and perspectives that can be considered on these host-pathogen pairs. Then we describe how we succeeded in isolating for the first time the PUUV strains circulating in the Ardennes and the Loiret as well as their characterization on laboratory rodents. Finally, we describe how the interactions between PUUV and its wild reservoir affect eco-evolutionary processes (serological response, replication, viral diversity) which in turn can influence the epidemiology of NE. In conclusion, this thesis allowed us to highlight the importance of the variability of PUUV strains in the epidemiology of NE and the role that the reservoir could also have
2
Lemaître, Jean-François. "Sperm competition and male social dominance in the bank vole (Myodes glareolus)". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533995.
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Ledevin, Ronan. "La dynamique évolutive du campagnol roussâtre (Myodes glareolus) : structure spatiale des variations morphométriques". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832801.
Abstract (sommario):
Les fluctuations climatiques Quaternaires (<2.5 Ma) offrent un contexte approprié à l'étude de l'impact du changement climatique actuel sur la biodiversité. La dernière glaciation, dont le maximum glaciaire s'est terminé il y a environ 19 000 ans, a ainsi largement participé à la distribution des espèces actuelles. Les derniers milliers d'années constituent donc une période propice à l'étude de la mise en place et du maintien de la biodiversité.L'objectif de ma thèse a été de mieux comprendre comment une espèce de rongeur forestier apparue il y a environ 2 Ma, le campagnol roussâtre (Myodes glareolus), a répondu à ces cycles du Quaternaire. Mon étude s'est basée sur une approche morphométrique de plusieurs caractères impliqués dans la mastication (mandibule et molaires), visant à quantifier la différenciation de forme associée à l'influence de différents facteurs.Des résultats contrastés ont été obtenus selon le caractère considéré, la mandibule montrant une importante variabilité liée aux variations de la structure d'âge des populations. Au contraire, les molaires ont pu être utilisées comme marqueur de la structuration biogéographique du campagnol roussâtre.L'étude dans l'actuel des variations de taille et de forme des molaires et mandibules du campagnol roussâtre Myodes glareolus a nécessité l'intégration de thématiques variées touchant au patrimoine génétique des organismes, à leur développement, aux traits d'histoire de vie, à l'environnement, etc. Ceci a permis de mieux appréhender la complexité des processus conduisant à la grande diversité des patrons de forme observés chez le campagnol roussâtre.
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Blixt, Martin. "The bank vole (Myodes glareolus) – a novel animal model for the study of diabetes mellitus". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk cellbiologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122715.
Abstract (sommario):
The bank vole (Microtus arvalis) develops glucose intolerance both when kept in captivity and in the wild state. Glucose intolerant bank voles kept in captivity exhibited polydipsia, polyuria, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, islet autoantibodies and a markedly changed islet structure resembling so–called hydropic degeneration. Islets showing hydropic degeneration have reduced β–cell mass. However, the relative islet size to total pancreas area was not changed. Pancreatic islet isolated from glucose intolerant bank voles had an altered islet function showing signs of being exposed to an increased functional demand on their β–cells. Also, islets from male bank voles seem more affected than the islets from females. Islets isolated from glucose tolerant male bank voles cultured for 5 days at 28 mM glucose did not reveal any change in insulin gene expression or insulin biosynthesis rate. However, islets from female bank voles displayed a glucose concentration dependent response. This suggests that there is gender difference in that, islets of female more easily than islets of males adapt to elevated glucose concentration. Furthermore, islets isolated from glucose tolerant males had reduced insulin gene expression after exposure to proinflammatory cytokines for 48 hrs. This effect seemed to be NO-independent since only a minor elevation of nitrite accumulation in the medium was seen, and the use of iNOS inhibitor could not counteract the cytokine effect. The observed response seen in bank vole islets upon exposure to various glucose concentrations or proinflammatory cytokines is similar to those seen in studies of human islets. The bank vole may therefore represent a novel animal model for the study of diabetes. An unresolved issue is the role of the Ljungan virus which is found in the bank vole colony. Bank voles developing glucose intolerance display features of both human type 1 and type 2 diabetes, where environmental factors seems to play an important role as determinant. Our findings suggest that bank voles bred in the laboratory may develop more of a type 2 diabetes. However, bank voles caught in nature instead may rather develop a type 1 form of the disease.
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Itam, P. (Prince). "Chronic low dose ionizing radiation induces mtDNA maintenance response in chernobyl bank voles (myodes glareolus)". Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201805312181.
Abstract (sommario):
The Chernobyl nuclear incident resulted in the release of high amounts of radionuclides into the environment. Subsequently the Chernobyl exclusion zone (CEZ) was established to prevent human exposure to radionuclides. An expected consequence of exposure to chronic doses of ionizing radiation (IR) in Chernobyl wildlife is increased DNA damage and oxidative stress via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the main source of endogenous ROS production, and when damaged by IR it produces more ROS and a concomitant increase in oxidative damage. The molecular mechanisms for the maintenance of the mtDNA in wildlife inhabiting the CEZ is still poorly understood. This study examined key molecular pathways responsible for mtDNA maintenance in animals (bank voles) inhabiting the CEZ (elevated and low background radiation sites). I quantified the expression of two important genes Polg2 and Sod2 implicated in mtDNA repair, replication and ROS scavenging. My model was bank vole (Myodes glareolus) liver and brain tissues sampled in contaminated areas in the CEZ and from uncontaminated control sites outside the CEZ. I also quantified variation in mtDNA copies (a proxy for numbers of mitochondria) and proportion of damaged mtDNA in bank voles. Finally, I estimated potential rate of mitochondria mutations by quantifying the frequency of heteroplasmy using whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of bank vole muscle tissue from animal from contaminated areas in the CEZ and uncontaminated control sites. There was significant upregulation of Polg2 in the livers of bank voles captured from the CEZ. Sod2 in contrast was significantly downregulated in bank voles from the CEZ. There was a non-significant increase in mtDNA copy number in bank voles inhabiting the CEZ compared to bank voles from control sites. I also observed bank voles in the CEZ contained significantly less damaged mtDNA compared with control individuals. In bank vole brains, neither Polg2 nor Sod2 expression differed among contaminated and uncontaminated sites. There were significantly elevated mitochondria copies in bank voles inhabiting the CEZ. The brain data also revealed bank voles from low radiation sites in the CEZ had significantly more damaged mtDNA compared elevated radiation sites and control areas. I found no association between level of radiation exposure and frequency of heteroplasmy, although there was some temporal differences in heteroplasmy. This result suggests that expression of mtDNA repair gene and synthesis of new genomes is a key adaptive machinery for mtDNA maintenance in response to low dose ionizing radiation. I found evidence of tissue specific differences in mtDNA damage and repair pathways in bank voles inhabiting the CEZ. However, with no increase in heteroplasmy, more studies are needed to demonstrate high mutation rates in contaminated bank voles.
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Helyar, Sarah Jane. "Estimating ecological and population genetic parameters in Myodes glareolus, a mammal with cryptic reproduction and dispersal". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485854.
Abstract (sommario):
S .J. Helyar; Estimating ecological and population genetic parameters in Myodes glareolus, a mammal with cryptic reproduction and dispersal A central theme in ecology is the determination of the factors that regulate population dynamics. For many years research has focused on systems regulated by predation, competition or resource Iimitatiofl, while the host parasite relationship wa~ considered to be neutral or benign, due to host-parasite co-evolution. However, in recent years there has been increasing recognition that parasites can have a key role in population dynamics, by influencing the key population parameters of reproduction and survival, and therefore having the potential to influence the population's intrinsic rate ofincrease. This study applies population genetics to host parasite ecology in order to determine how the endemic Cowpox virus interacts with and affects the host population processes of reproduction and dispersal in the bank vole (Myodes (= ClelhrionomY$) glareolus, Shreber 1780). This is a particUlarly challenging situation for determining parental relationships, as bank voles exhibit cryptic mating and maternal care, meaning that no information is available from behavioural observations to support the pedigree construction. Therefore a simulated population is first used to determine which software was most appropriate to use. A combination of parentage and sibship analyses is then used to maximise the information obtained on relationship structure. The fine scale population structure is also determined. Two events have been shown to cause variation in the levels of relatedness within a population, philopatry and founder events, and both of these are shown to be occurring in this population. This study demonstrates the occurrence of sex-biased dispersal using genetic techniques, so confirming a behavioural mechanism that is hard to identify via CMR studies due to the postnatal dispersal of this species. I also describe the fine scale population structure, and the seasonal fluctuations in this structure, with higher levels of structure evident during the summer than winter, which are determined by a combination of male biased dispersal and changes in population density. These analyses are then extended to consider how the population .genetics of the bank vole can contribute to our understanding of the bank vole-cowpox system. Two hypothesis are investigated; firstly to determine if there are patterns of infection that can be identified from the host genetics, and secondly to build on previous studies, by determining if the delay in the onset of breeding due to cowpox infection has an effect on the Lifetime Reproductive Success (LRS) of. the host. While no conclusive evidence was found for the transmission pathway, we do show that the delay in the onset of reproduction caused by cowpox infection has a major negative effect on LRS, reducing the number of an infected females' offspring by 30-100% compared to an uninfected female. Importantly, as cowpox prevalence increases with density in this species and populations with a high prevalence of cowpox are predicted to have reduced fecundity, cowpox virus infection therefore may be considerably influencing population dynamics.
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Hare, Emma J. "Island syndrome in rodents : a comparative study on island forms of the bank vole, Myodes glareolus". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2009. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/136.
Abstract (sommario):
Islands are extremely variable habitats, differing in shape, size, degree of isolation, geography and climate. They are often described as ‘natural laboratories’ and have proven beneficial for testing theories on evolution and adaptation. Rodents on islands are often characterised by differences in demography, morphology and behaviour compared to adjacent mainland populations. One of the most notable and extensively reported differences is in body size. Several adaptive theories have been suggested to explain these phenomena, which have been termed ‘island syndrome’, yet few have been empirically tested. The bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is a good model for studying the evolution of island syndrome, being present throughout the British mainland as well as on 13 small offshore islands. Voles on four of these islands exhibit the gigantism characteristic of island syndrome. The aim of this study was to compare insular and mainland populations of voles to determine whether island syndrome is truly an adaptive response to life in insular habitats, or whether it is driven by more random processes such as founder effects and genetic drift. In this thesis, I present data on body size, demography and skull morphology along with phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA sequences from island and mainland populations of bank voles around the UK. Whilst I was able to demonstrate insular changes in body size, I was unable to demonstrate any demographic differences consistent with the predictions of island syndrome. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that body size differentiation on islands was not related to phylogeographic history. There was little evidence for a single unifying theory explaining the existence of island syndrome, thus I conclude that this biological pattern is probably caused by multiple environmental and genetic factors.
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Dressen, Severin. "Space use patterns and population dynamics in two common European rodents, Apodemus sylvaticus and Myodes glareolus". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d484c25c-d80e-48fd-89b2-b5be4f36fe28.
Abstract (sommario):
Space use patterns are driven by the individual's need to acquire enough resources to survive and reproduce. Population dynamics, in turn, are determined by individual survival and reproduction. In rodents, these two key elements to a species' ecology have been investigated for decades, but often data quality is insufficient to address important questions. This thesis aims to improve our understanding of space use patterns and population dynamics in the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus). I also try to overcome current methodological limitations by using a new method for field data collection and exploring the use of in-silico methods. In chapters 2 and 3, I analyse space use patterns of both species. My results highlight the importance of predation risk and food availability for space use patterns. Chapter 3 also reveals the advantage of using an individual based model to address space use related questions. In chapter 4, I analyse the density dependence of body weight and life history parameters in our wood mice population by constructing an integral projection model. I found mixed results for the density dependence of body weight but proof for changes of generation time and reproductive success at higher densities. Using an individual based model, I show in chapter 5 that sensitivity of space use estimates to low temporal resolution of location fixes varies between different movement types. This thesis shows that space use patterns are driven by interactions of many drivers, including sex, season, food availability and body weight, but are dominated by predation risk. It also supports the importance of population density for space use patterns and population dynamics. Finally, I highlight the potential of using in-silico methods to investigate the ecology of rodents and the current vulnerability of space use estimates to bias.
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Guivier, Emmanuel. "Variabilité de la résistance/tolérance des campagnols roussâtres à lhantavirus Puumala et conséquences épidémiologiques". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20194.
Abstract (sommario):
Le campagnol roussâtre Myodes glareolus est le réservoir principal de l'hantavirus Puumala (PUUV) responsable de la néphropathie épidémique (NE) en Europe. L'objectif de cette thèse est de décrire la variabilité de la résistance / tolérance de M. glareolus à PUUV et d'explorer son rôle dans la distribution et la transmission de ce virus. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que la tolérance à PUUV favorise sa persistance et sa transmission, ce qui devrait accroître le risque d'émergence de la NE. Nous avons développé une approche gène candidat pour déterminer le rôle de trois gènes de l'immunité dans la résistance / tolérance à PUUV. L'existence d'associations positives entre les allèles du gène Drb et l'infection par PUUV d'une part et les relations négatives détectées entre le niveau d'expression du gène Tnf-α et la prévalence en PUUV d'autre part corroborent l'évolution d'une tolérance en zones d'endémie de la NE. Elle pourrait être sélectionnée en réponse au coût de la réponse inflammatoire développée contre PUUV. L'approche de génétique des populations a démontré le rôle de la dynamique des réservoirs dans l'épidémiologie de PUUV. La comparaison du polymorphisme des gènes Drb et Tnf-α et des patrons génétiques neutres semble cependant indiquer une faible influence de la sélection dans le polymorphisme de ces gènes. Ce résultat suggère un effet potentiellement important de la plasticité phénotypique dans les niveaux de résistance/tolérance observés. L'étude de la communauté d'helminthes a confirmé cette hypothèse en révélant l'impact de certaines espèces sur le risque d'infection à PUUVThe bank vole Myodes glareolus is the main reservoir of Puumala hantavirus (PUUV), the agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE) in Europe. This work aims at describing the variability of M. glareolus resistance / tolerance to PUUV and at exploring its role in the distribution and transmission of the virus. We hypothesized that tolerance to PUUV should favour its persistence and transmission, what could increase the risk of NE emergence.We developed a candidate gene approach to determine the role of three immune genes in the resistance / tolerance to PUUV. Both the detection of positive associations between Drb alleles and PUUV infection and the negative relationship observed between Tnf-α gene expression and PUUV prevalence corroborated the evolution of tolerance in NE endemic areas. The costly inflammatory response activated against PUUV infection could mediate this evolution.Using landscape population genetics, we revealed the role of M. glareolus population dynamics in PUUV epidemiology. The comparison of Drb and Tnf-α genetic differentiation with the neutral pattern detected at microsatellites indicated that selection weakly acted on these immune genes. This result suggested the potential effect of phenotypic plasticity in the balance of resistance/tolerance to PUUV. The study of helminth communities confirmed this hypothesis as it revealed the impact of two nematode species on the risk of PUUV infection
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FAGIANI, STEFANO. "Optimal conservation strategies in fragmented landscapes: a case study on two forest rodents, Muscardinus avellanarius and Myodes glareolus, in Central Italy". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/80565.
Abstract (sommario):
Human-induced fragmentation of ecosystems and natural habitats is considered one of the major threats to biodiversity. Albeit a considerable effort have been invested in research, progresses in conservation measures occur too slowly compared to the current rate of extinction of plant and animal species caused by the fragmentation of habitats. The delay is mainly due to the complexity of the processes involved, which produce a multitude of effects, both direct and indirect, occurring at various spatial scales and levels of biological organization.
Recently, it has emerged how conservationists would not only need face and find answers to ecological problems, but their analysis would have to take into account also socioeconomic factors , since the latter could threat the success of conservation actions and determine a waste of limited financial resource. In a world with limited conservation funds, and with a great geographical variability in the conservation costs, efficiency would be better measured in terms of conservation return on financial investment.
The scope of this study was to determine the fixed-budget optimal conservation strategies in fragmented landscapes for two forest-dwelling rodents hazel dormouse Moscardinus avellanarius and bank vole Myodes glareolus, by analyzing their demographic parameters, and by evaluating the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of simulated conservation actions.
From results emerged that the hazel dormouse vital rates showed a strong relationship with the quality of the fragments (i.e. the complexity of the shrub layer), influencing both the survival rate and the fertility. On the other hand, the bank vole appears to be related to suboptimal quality fragments, with survival rates increasing in smaller fragments and fertility increasing in fragments with lower fruit-bearing shrubs density. Likewise, the analysis, which aimed to predict the species persistence in the fragmented landscape, resulted in opposite trends. While the population viability analysis for the hazel dormouse predicted an important decline in metapopulation abundance and occupancy during the 50-year simulated period, the population viability analysis for the bank vole metapopulation showed a marked increase in abundance within the same time interval. The optimization protocol I elaborated explores which fixed-budget conservation actions would enhance the persistence of the hazel dormouse metapopulation. The protocol allowed to determine that, between the two conservation strategies explored, i.e. habitat restoration and habitat quality improvement, to restore a certain amount of woodlands is the most effective way to increase the metapopulation abundance and to reduce, although slightly, the probability of decline of a given percentage. It is important to note that, however, the optimal conservation strategy would not reverse or prevent the hazel dormouse metapopulation negative trends.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Myode glareolus":
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Chihai, Oleg, Dumitru Erhan, Stefan Rusu, Nina Talambuta, Victoria Nistreanu, Alina Larion, Maria Zamornea e Galina Melnic. "Structura parazitismului la șoarecele scurmător in ecosisteme forestiere". In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.35.
Abstract (sommario):
Bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is widely spread silvicolous species, inhabiting in woods, forest clearings, shrub vegetation, at forest edge, near ponds with abundant vegebtation. The parasite fauna is structured of 3 classes, 13 families, 14 genera and 15 species, of which 6.6% belong to class Trematoda, 46.7% to class Cestoda and 46.7% to class Nematoda. The results of the parasitological investigations show a prevalence of Plaghiorchis elegans of 13.8% and an average intensity of 3.8 ex, respectively with Mesocestoides lineatus larvae 14.0%, 1.5 ex, Paranoplocephala omphaloides - 10.3%, 2.7 ex, Rodentolipis straminea - 69.0%, 3.0 ex, Hydatigera taeniaeformis larvae - 10.3%, 1.0 ex, Catenotaenia cricetorum - 10.3%, 2.7 ex, Skrewabinotaenia lobata - 3 ex, Taenia pisiformis - 13.7%, 1.0 ex, Capillaria hepatica - 27.5% and liver infestation is about 50.0% (++), Syphacia stroma - 17.2%, 94 ex, Syphacia obvelata - 24,1%, 84,9 ex, Heligmosomoides polygirus - 10,0%, 5,3 ex, Strongyloides ratti - 6,9%, 23,3 ex, Mastophorus muris - 17,2%, 3 , 6 ex and Trichocephalus muris 17.2%, intensity 3.8 ex. The share of the Trematoda species is 6.6%, in the Cestoda class - 46.7%, and in the Nematoda class - 46.7%. The massive abundance of foxes on large land surfaces, including ecological plasticity with tendency toward synantropization, are the primary factors in the formation, maintenance and spreading of parasitosis outbreaks in natural and anthropic ecosystems. The aim of the research is to study the diversity of parasite fauna in Myodes glareolus from forest ecosystems with specifying the parasite taxonomic structure and determining the degree of infestation.
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Haapakoski, Marko, Janne Sundell e Hannu Ylönen. "Habitat fragmentation and predation: Experiments with bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and least weasel (Mustela nivalis nivalis)". In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107106.