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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Mycorrhizas Morphology"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 31 gennaio 2023

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1

Farias-Larios, J., S. Guzman-Gonzalez, and A. Michel-Rosales. "The Advances in the Study on Mycorrhizas of Fruit Trees in Dry Tropics of Mexico." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 684c—684. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.684c.

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The productivity of marginal soils frequently found in the arid tropics might be improved by using VAM fungi as “biofertilizer” and as a tool of sustainable agricultural systems. Study of mycorrhizas of fruit trees was performed in 1987 in western Mexico. More progress has been made in resources, taxonomy, anatomy and morphology, physiology, ecology, effects, and application of mycorrhizas in fruit trees and ornamental plants production. Currently, five genera has been identified and inoculated plants showed significant difference in respect to plants not inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. Cit

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2

TIAN, Li, Yan LI, and Qiang-Sheng WU. "Exogenous Carbon Magnifies Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth Behaviour and Sucrose Metabolism in Trifoliate Orange." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46, no. 2 (January 24, 2018): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha46210987.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) need the carbohydrates from host plants for its growth, whereas it is not clear whether exogenous carbon affects mycorrhizal roles. A two-chambered rootbox was divided into root + hyphae chamber and hyphae chamber (free of roots) by 37-μm nylon mesh, in which trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings and Funneliformis mosseae were applied into root + hyphae chamber, and exogenous 40 mmol/L fructose, glucose and sucrose was applied to hyphae chamber. Application of exogenous sugars dramatically elevated root mycorrhizal colonization. Sole arbuscular mycorrhi

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3

Marks, G. C. "Causal morphology and evolution of mycorrhizas." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 35, no. 2-3 (April 1991): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(91)90046-z.

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4

Huang, Guang-Ming, Ying-Ning Zou, Qiang-Sheng Wu, Yong-Jie Xu, and Kamil Kuča. "Mycorrhizal roles in plant growth, gas exchange, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of walnuts." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 6 (June 23, 2020): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/240/2020-pse.

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Walnut, an important oil fruit tree, is dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, while mycorrhizal roles and efficient mycorrhizal fungus in walnuts are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, including Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae, and G. versiforme on plant growth, leaf gas exchange, root morphology, and root nutrient contents of walnut (Juglans regia L. Liaohe 1) seedlings. Three months of AMF inoculations later, root mycorrhizal colonisation achieved 47.0% to 76.4%. AMF treatmen

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5

Runjin, Liu, Xu Kun, and Liu Pengqi. "The Advances in the Study on Mycorrhizas of Fruit Trees in China." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 886C—886. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.886c.

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The study of mycorrhizas of fruit trees was carried out in the 1980s in China. More progress has been made in resources, taxonomy, anatomy and morphology, physiology, ecology, effects, and application of mycorrhizas in fruit trees. The present status and research trends in the study of fruit tree mycorrhizas in China were introduced, and the application prospects of mycorrhizas in fruit tree cultivation also were discussed.

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6

Zangaro, Waldemar, Fabio Rodrigo Nishidate, Flavia Regina Spago Camargo, Graziela Gorete Romagnoli, and Julia Vandressen. "Relationships among arbuscular mycorrhizas, root morphology and seedling growth of tropical native woody species in southern Brazil." Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, no. 5 (July 25, 2005): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467405002555.

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The relationships between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root morphological characteristics were studied under greenhouse conditions of 78 tropical native woody species and 47 seedling species collected in the field. Seedlings of native woody pioneer and early secondary species that generally exhibited fine roots with a dense cover of long root hairs showed higher mycorrhizal response and root mycorrhizal colonization than late-secondary and climax species with coarse roots with a sparse cover of short root hairs. Root-hair length and incidence decreased with the progression among the succes

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7

McLachlan, Jonathan W., Adeline Becquer, Rebecca E. Haling, Richard J. Simpson, Richard J. Flavel, and Chris N. Guppy. "Intrinsic root morphology determines the phosphorus acquisition efficiency of five annual pasture legumes irrespective of mycorrhizal colonisation." Functional Plant Biology 48, no. 2 (2021): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp20007.

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Mycorrhizal fungi are ubiquitous in agroecosystems and form symbiotic associations that contribute to the phosphorus (P) acquisition of many plants. The impact of mycorrhizas is most pronounced in P-deficient soil and commonly involves modifications to the root morphology of colonised plants. However, the consequences of mycorrhizal colonisation on root acclimation responses to P stress are not well described. Five annual pasture legumes, with differing root morphologies, were grown to determine the effect of mycorrhizal colonisation on shoot yield, root morphology and P uptake. Micro-swards o

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8

Cavagnaro, T. R., L.-L. Gao, F. A. Smith, and S. E. Smith. "Morphology of arbuscular mycorrhizas is influenced by fungal identity." New Phytologist 151, no. 2 (August 2001): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00191.x.

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9

KUMLA, JATURONG, NAKARIN SUWANNARACH, SANTHITI VADTHANARAT, and SAISAMORN LUMYONG. "Gyrodon suthepensis (Boletales, Basidiomycota), a new ectomycorrhizal fungus from northern Thailand and its ecomycorhizal association." Phytotaxa 321, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.321.2.3.

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A new ectomycorrhizal fungus, Gyrodon suthepensis, is described based on collections from northern Thailand. It can be distinguished from the previously described Gyrodon species by the morphological characteristics. The molecular phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA confirms the position of the new species within the family Paxillaceae. The full description, color photographs, illustrations and the phylogenetic tree to show the position of G. suthepensis are provided. The new species grows in association with the

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10

Ya-Dong, Shao, Zhang De-Jian, Hu Xian-Chun, Wu Qiang-Sheng, Jiang Chang-Jun, Xia Ting-Jun, Gao Xiu-Bing, and Kuča Kamil. "Mycorrhiza-induced changes in root growth and nutrient absorption of tea plants." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 6 (May 31, 2018): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/126/2018-pse.

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Tea plants grown in acidic soils are strongly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, whereas it is not clear whether soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improve plant growth, root development, and nutrient absorption in tea plants. A potted study was conducted to determine the effects of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora spurca, D. versiformis and a mixture of the three AMF species on plant growth, root morphology, root-hair growth, and leaf nutrient status in Camellia sinensis cv. Fuding Dabaicha in Jingzhou, China. After 12 weeks of AMF inoculation, root mycorrhizal colonization ran

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11

McGee, P. A. "Growth response to and morphology of mycorrhizas of Thysanotus (Anthericaceae Monocotyledonae)." New Phytologist 109, no. 4 (August 1988): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1988.tb03721.x.

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12

Lu, Li-Hui, and Qiang-Sheng Wu. "Mycorrhizas Promote Plant Growth, Root Morphology and Chlorophyll Production in White Clover." Biotechnology(Faisalabad) 16, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2017.34.39.

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13

Waring, Bonnie G., Maria G. Gei, Lisa Rosenthal, and Jennifer S. Powers. "Plant–microbe interactions along a gradient of soil fertility in tropical dry forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 32, no. 4 (June 13, 2016): 314–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000286.

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Abstract:Theoretical models predict that plant interactions with free-living soil microbes, pathogens and fungal symbionts are regulated by nutrient availability. Working along a steep natural gradient of soil fertility in a Costa Rican tropical dry forest, we examined how soil nutrients affect plant–microbe interactions using two complementary approaches. First, we measured mycorrhizal colonization of roots and soil P availability in 18 permanent plots spanning the soil fertility gradient. We measured root production, root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi, phosphatase activity and Bray P in

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14

BRUNDRETT, MARK, and BRYCE KENDRICK. "The roots and mycorrhizas of herbaceous woodland plants. I. Quantitative aspects of morphology." New Phytologist 114, no. 3 (March 1990): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00414.x.

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15

BRUNDRETT, MARK, and BRYCE KENDRICK. "The roots and mycorrhizas of herbaceous woodland plants. II. Structural aspects of morphology." New Phytologist 114, no. 3 (March 1990): 469–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00415.x.

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16

Kariman, Khalil, Susan Jane Barker, and Mark Tibbett. "Structural plasticity in root-fungal symbioses: diverse interactions lead to improved plant fitness." PeerJ 6 (December 4, 2018): e6030. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6030.

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Root-fungal symbioses such as mycorrhizas and endophytes are key components of terrestrial ecosystems. Diverse in trophy habits (obligate, facultative or hemi-biotrophs) and symbiotic relations (from mutualism to parasitism), these associations also show great variability in their root colonization and nutritional strategies. Specialized interface structures such as arbuscules and Hartig nets are formed by certain associations while others are restricted to non-specialized intercellular or intracellular hyphae in roots. In either case, there are documented examples of active nutrient exchange,

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17

SANDERS, I. R., and A. H. FITTER. "The ecology and functioning of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in co-existing grassland species. I. Seasonal patterns of mycorrhizal occurrence and morphology." New Phytologist 120, no. 4 (April 1992): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1992.tb01801.x.

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18

Citernesi, A. S., C. Vitagliano, and M. Giovannetti. "Plant growth and root system morphology ofOlea europaeaL. rooted cuttings as influenced by arbuscular mycorrhizas." Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 73, no. 5 (January 1998): 647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14620316.1998.11511028.

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19

Miller, R. M., B. A. D. Hetrick, and G. W. T. Wilson. "Mycorrhizal fungi affect root stele tissue in grasses." Canadian Journal of Botany 75, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 1778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b97-892.

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Although arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis was initially believed to have little or no impact on root morphology, we now recognize that subtle changes do occur and that these changes may be of considerable consequence to host growth and nutrition, as well as functional growth strategy. In examining the stele and root diameters of C3 and C4 grasses, C4 grasses were demonstrated to have a significantly larger proportion of their fibrous roots occupied by stele tissue than do C3 grasses. In fact, functional growth strategy (C3 versus C4) was observed to be a relatively good predictor of stele area

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20

Stanojkovic, Jelena, Jasmina Glamoclija, and Dusica Janosevic. "Morpho-anatomical characterization of Tuber macrosporum/Corylus avellana mycorrhizas from cultivated seedlings: Case report." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 133 (2017): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1733241s.

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This study investigated the presence of mycorrhizae on seedlings from part of ten-year-old truffles plantation (about 3,000 m2) located in Eastern Serbia. This study is observation of the presence of ectomycorrhizal fungus from genus Tuber during its symbiotic stage on the roots of Corylus avellana L. Ten root samples were collected (randomly) and observed macroscopically and microscopically analyzed. There were changes in morphology and anatomy of the infected roots of C. avellana. Mantle was clearly observed to cover the roots and the mycelia formed the Harting net. Among arbitrary selected

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21

Kubota, M., T. P. McGonigle, and M. Hyakumachi. "Clethra barbinervis, a member of the order Ericales, forms arbuscular mycorrhizae." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-008.

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The mycorrhizal status of Clethra barbinervis, in the family Clethraceae of the order Ericales, was investigated. Mycorrhizal colonization of C. barbinervis roots collected from naturally occurring trees in two forests in Japan was determined monthly for 12 months. In addition, mycorrhizal colonization of C. barbinervis seedlings grown in pots of field-collected soil was evaluated. Field-collected C. barbinervis roots were extensively colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that exhibited the Paris-type morphology. At both sites, total colonization ranged from 4287% of root length and arbus

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22

Cline, E., B. Vinyard, and R. Edmonds. "Spatial effects of retention trees on mycorrhizas and biomass of Douglas-fir seedlings." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 2 (February 2007): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-229.

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Retention forestry places seedlings in proximity to residual trees, exposing seedlings to additional sources of ectomycorrhizal fungus (EMF) inoculum. To investigate this, Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were planted near (2–6 m) and far (16–30 m) from 44- to 72-year-old residual Douglas-fir trees in western Washington, USA. From 1998 through 2000, seedling shoot and root biomass was assessed and EMF taxa were identified using morphology and sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes. Seedlings near residual trees had si

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23

Shao, Ya-Dong, Xian-Chun Hu, Qiang-Sheng Wu, Tian-Yuan Yang, A. K. Srivastava, De-Jian Zhang, Xiu-Bing Gao, and Kamil Kuča. "Mycorrhizas promote P acquisition of tea plants through changes in root morphology and P transporter gene expression." South African Journal of Botany 137 (March 2021): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2020.11.028.

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Currah, R. S., A. Tsuneda, and S. Murakami. "Morphology and ecology of Phialocephala fortinii in roots of Rhododendron brachycarpum." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 1639–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-199.

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The morphology of the interaction of three strains of Phialocephala fortinii with the roots of Rhododendron brachycarpum was examined by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy using material grown in axenic Petri dish cultures and in nonsterile pot cultures. In Petri dish cultures, Phialocephala fortinii quickly overwhelmed root tips of young seedlings, causing distortion of cells of the root apex and inhibition of elongation. In older roots, mature, vacuolated, and moribund epidermal cells were penetrated. In pot-cultured plants the epidermis was heavily colonized by hyphae gro

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25

Philip, Leanne J., Usher Posluszny, and John N. Klironomos. "The influence of mycorrhizal colonization on the vegetative growth and sexual reproductive potential of Lythrum salicaria L." Canadian Journal of Botany 79, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b01-010.

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Lythrum salicaria L., purple loosestrife, is a heterostylous, perennial plant with prolific and at times invasive vegetative growth and sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction occurs following pollination and fertilization between two different floral morphs. We investigated the influence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus aggregatum Schenck and Smith emend. Koske, on the vegetative growth and sexual reproductive potential of L. salicaria. Mycorrhiza decreased plant biomass both aboveground and belowground. Flower production, number of days to anthesis, numbers of flowers per inflor

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26

Massicotte, H. B., R. L. Peterson, and L. H. Melville. "Ontogeny of Alnus rubra – Alpova diplophloeus ectomycorrhizae. I. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-027.

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Ectomycorrhizae synthesized between Alpova diplophloeus and Alnus rubra are of two morphological types: one with a mantle formed along the entire length of the lateral roots and the other, the clavate type, with the mantle confined to the apical portion of the laterals. The morphology of the mycorrhiza is dependent on the stage of lateral root elongation at the time of colonization by fungal hyphae. Clavate mycorrhizae form on lateral roots that have already elongated at the time of fungal colonization. Fungal hyphae interact with root hairs at the base of clavate mycorrhizae. Mantles of both

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27

Massicotte, H. B., L. H. Melville, and R. L. Peterson. "Structural characteristics of rootfungal interactions for five ericaceous species in eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 83, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1057–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b05-046.

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A combination of light microscopy (including differential interference contrast) and laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to document the colonization patterns of epidermal cells and details of intracellular hyphal complexes of five native ericaceous hosts: Vaccinium oxycoccos L. (bog cranberry), Ledum groenlandicum Oeder. (Labrador tea), Vaccinium myrtilloides L. (velvet-leaf blueberry), Kalmia angustifolia L. (sheep laurel), and Gaultheria procumbens L. (wintergreen). Colonization patterns, hyphal complex morphology, and the structure of thick-walled epidermal cells varied considerabl

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28

Cooke, Margaret A., Paul Widden, and Ivan O'Halloran. "Development of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae in sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and effects of base-cation ammendment on vesicle and arbuscule formation." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 11 (November 1, 1993): 1421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-171.

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The development, condition, and incidence of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae of Acer saccharum (sugar maple) seedlings grown in the greenhouse in natural sugar maple forest soil substrate were examined. The effects of the addition of a cation mixture containing calcium, magnesium, and potassium were also studied. The mycorrhizal structures observed were similar to those found in natural field conditions. Mycorrhizae developed intracellularly via hyphal coils, and arbuscules usually developed from these coils, forming arbusculate coils. This development is different from that observed in most

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Malik, Rondy J., and James D. Bever. "Enriched CO2 and Root-Associated Fungi (Mycorrhizae) Yield Inverse Effects on Plant Mass and Root Morphology in Six Asclepias Species." Plants 10, no. 11 (November 16, 2021): 2474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112474.

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While milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) are important for sustaining biodiversity in marginal ecosystems, CO2 flux may afflict Asclepias species and cause detriment to native communities. Negative CO2-induced effects may be mitigated through mycorrhizal associations. In this study, we sought to determine how mycorrhizae interacts with CO2 to influence Asclepias biomass and root morphology. A broad range of Asclepias species (n = 6) were chosen for this study, including four tap-root species (A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. tuberosa, and A. viridis) and two fibrous root species (A. incarnata and A. ver

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Rupp, L. A., K. W. Mudge, and F. B. Negm. "Involvement of ethylene in ectomycorrhiza formation and dichotomous branching of roots of mugo pine seedlings." Canadian Journal of Botany 67, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b89-067.

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The role of ethylene in mycorrhiza formation and root development on axenically grown seedlings of Pinus mugo Turra var. mugo was examined. Mycorrhizal formation by Laccaria laccata and Pisolithus tinctorius in a defined liquid medium was associated with increased ethylene production. Ethephon (100 μM) stimulated dichotomous branching of roots inoculated with P. tinctorius, but had no effect on those inoculated with L. laccata, or on uninoculated roots. Ethephon had no effect on the percentage of susceptible roots that became mycorrhizal with either fungus. The inhibitor of ethylene action, si

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Fidelibus, Matthew W., Chris A. Martin, and Jean C. Stutz. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungal Isolates Differentially Altered Morphology of Young `Volkamer' Lemon Plants under Well-watered Conditions." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 443F—444. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.443f.

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Four AM fungal isolates (Glomus sp.) were screened for effects on growth of `Volkamer' lemon (Citrus volkameriana Ten. and Pasq.) under well-watered conditions. Plants were inoculated with an isolate of AM fungi, or non-inoculated. Non-mycorrhizal plants received more phosphorus (P) fertilizer than mycorrhizal plants because mycorrhizae enhance P uptake. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were grown in 8-liter containers for 3 months in a glasshouse. Plants were then harvested, and root length colonized by mycorrhizal fungi, leaf P concentration, and plant growth were determined. Root leng

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LIANG, Sheng-Min, Dao-Ju JIANG, Miao-Miao XIE, Ying-Ning ZOU, Qiang-Sheng WU, and Kamil KUČA. "Physiological responses of mycorrhizal symbiosis to drought stress in white clover." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 49, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 12209. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha49112209.

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The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Funneliformis mosseae and Paraglomus occultum, on leaf water status, root morphology, root sugar accumulation, root abscisic acid (ABA) levels, root malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and root antioxidant enzyme activities in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) exposed to well-watered (WW) and drought stress (DS) conditions. The results showed that root colonization by F. mosseae and P. occultum was significantly decreased by 7-week soil drought treatment. Under drought stress conditions, mycorrhizal

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Tisserant, B., S. Gianinazzi, and V. Gianinazzi-Pearson. "Relationships between lateral root order, arbuscular mycorrhiza development, and the physiological state of the symbiotic fungus in Platanus acerifolia." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 1947–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-233.

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The rapid development of an efficient root system resulting from arbuscular mycorrhiza formation is essential to the successful establishment of many plant species. We have analysed root system development and used histochemical staining to define relationships between lateral root order dynamics, arbuscular mycorrhiza development, and the physiological state of the symbiotic fungus Glomus fasciculatum (Thaxter sensu Gerdeman) Gerd & Trappe amend. Walker and Koske, in a woody plant species Platanus acerifolia Willd. Arbuscular mycorrhiza induced modifications in root system development in

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Tominaga, Takaya, Chihiro Miura, Naoya Takeda, Yuri Kanno, Yoshihiro Takemura, Mitsunori Seo, Masahide Yamato, and Hironori Kaminaka. "Gibberellin Promotes Fungal Entry and Colonization during Paris-Type Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Eustoma grandiflorum." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 3 (December 2, 2019): 565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcz222.

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Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) are divided into two types according to morphology: Arum- and Paris-type AMs. Gibberellins (GAs) mainly inhibit the establishment of Arum-type AM symbiosis in most model plants, whereas the effects of GAs on Paris-type AM symbiosis are unclear. To provide insight into the mechanism underlying this type of symbiosis, the roles of GAs were investigated in Eustoma grandiflorum when used as the host plant for Paris-type AM establishment. Eustoma grandiflorum seedlings were inoculated with the model AM fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, and the effects of GA and

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35

BAREA, J. M., R. M. TOBAR, and C. AZCON-AGUILAR. "Effect of a genetically modified Rhizobium meliloti inoculant on the development of arbuscular mycorrhizas, root morphology, nutrient uptake and biomass accumulation in Medicago sativa." New Phytologist 134, no. 2 (October 1996): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1996.tb04641.x.

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36

Chen, Weile, Roger T. Koide, Thomas S. Adams, Jared L. DeForest, Lei Cheng, and David M. Eissenstat. "Root morphology and mycorrhizal symbioses together shape nutrient foraging strategies of temperate trees." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 31 (July 18, 2016): 8741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601006113.

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Abstract (sommario):

Photosynthesis by leaves and acquisition of water and minerals by roots are required for plant growth, which is a key component of many ecosystem functions. Although the role of leaf functional traits in photosynthesis is generally well understood, the relationship of root functional traits to nutrient uptake is not. In particular, predictions of nutrient acquisition strategies from specific root traits are often vague. Roots of nearly all plants cooperate with mycorrhizal fungi in nutrient acquisition. Most tree species form symbioses with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal

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37

Hetrick, B. A. D., G. W. T. Wilson, and T. C. Todd. "Relationships of mycorrhizal symbiosis, rooting strategy, and phenology among tallgrass prairie forbs." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 1521–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-191.

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Abstract (sommario):

The response of 23 tallgrass prairie forbs to mycorrhizal symbiosis and P fertilization was assessed in steamed and non-sterile prairie soil. For each plant species, root diameters, root fibrousness, root to shoot ratio, plant dry weight, mycorrhizal root colonization, mycorrhizal dependence, P dependence, and phenology were measured. Using these data, cluster analysis, stepwise discriminant analysis, and canonical discriminant analysis of the data revealed that the forbs could be divided into three distinct groups based on mycorrhizal dependence, root morphology, and phenology in descending o

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38

Widden, Paul. "The morphology of vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae in Clintonia borealis and Medeola virginiana." Canadian Journal of Botany 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b96-086.

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Abstract (sommario):

During a survey of the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) associations of forest herbs in a deciduous forest in the southern Laurentian mountains in Quebec, two liliaceous species, Clintonia borealis and Medeola virginiana, revealed very distinctive morphology. In both species, once the epidermis was penetrated, the fungus spread towards the centre of the root via intracellular hyphae until the innermost layer of the cortex was reached, at which point the fungus spread laterally and tangentially through the cortical cells adjacent to the endodermis via a series of banana-shaped projections

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39

Akatsuki, Maiko, and Naoki Makita. "Influence of fine root traits on in situ exudation rates in four conifers from different mycorrhizal associations." Tree Physiology 40, no. 8 (April 25, 2020): 1071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa051.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract Plant roots can exude organic compounds into the soil that are useful for plant survival because they can degrade microorganisms around the roots and enhance allelopathy against other plant invasions. We developed a method to collect carbon (C) exudation on a small scale from tree fine roots by C-free filter traps. We quantified total C through root exudation in four conifers from different microbial symbiotic groups (ectomycorrhiza (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM)) in a cool-temperate forest in Japan. We determined the relationship of mass-based exudation rate from three diameter

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40

Vierheilig, Horst. "Regulatory mechanisms during the plant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus interaction." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 1166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-015.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abundant data are available on some aspects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, for example, plant nutrition, but because of difficulties immanent to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, such as the inability to culture them axenically, the relatively long time it takes to achieve root colonization, and the simultaneous presence of different morphologic stages of the fungus in the root, less information is accumulated on other aspects such as the regulation of mycorrhization. Regulatory processes in the plant arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus interaction start before root colonization by the fungu

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41

Dickson, Sandy, Peter Schweiger, F. Andrew Smith, Bengt Söderström, and Sally Smith. "Paired arbuscules in the Arum-type arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with Linum usitatissimum." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-037.

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Abstract (sommario):

Experiments were conducted to investigate the "paired" arbuscules characteristic of Arum-type mycorrhizal colonization in Linum usitatissimum L. The development and senescence of arbuscular structures were followed in a time course study. Roots were freeze-sectioned longitudinally and mycorrhizal structures visualized using nitroblue tetrazolium, a vital stain to indicate metabolically active arbuscules and intercellular hyphae, followed by acid fuchsin counterstaining. Arbuscules were imaged using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The volume and surface area of each arbuscule of a developin

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42

Zsögön, Agustin, Marcio Rodrigues Lambais, Vagner Augusto Benedito, Antonio Vargas de Oliveira Figueira, and Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres. "Reduced arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in tomato ethylene mutants." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 3 (2008): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000300006.

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Abstract (sommario):

Plant hormones are likely key regulators of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) development. However, their roles in AM are not well known. Here mutants in five hormone classes introgressed in a single tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Syn Solanum lycopersicum L.) background (cv. Micro-Tom) were used to determine their effects on AM development and the expression of defense-related genes (chitinases and b-1,3-glucanases) in roots. Under low P conditions, mutant epinastic (epi) and Never ripe (Nr), ethylene overproducer and low sensitivity, respectively, had the intraradical colonization by Glomus

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43

Galic, Zoran, Sasa Orlovic, Bojana Klasnja, Andrej Pilipovic, and Marina Katanic. "Improvement of production of high-yield poplar varieties seedlings by mycorrhiza application." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 112 (2007): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0712067g.

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Abstract (sommario):

Research related to the effects of treatment by mycorrhiza preparations Ectovit, Rhodovit (preparations Symbio-m Ltd., Czech Rep.) and their combination on growth of four high-yield poplar clones of Populus deltoides and one variety of Populus x euramericana are presented in this paper. In order to make more accurate assessment of mycorrhiza effect, soil characteristics such as morphology, texture and chemical composition were determined. The study results indicate that mycorrhized cuttings had the same or the better survival in all the study clones compared to the control. The application of

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44

Hoffman, M. T., and D. T. Mitchell. "The root morphology of some legume spp. in the south-western Cape and the relationship of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas with dry mass and phosphorus content of Acacia saligna seedlings." South African Journal of Botany 52, no. 4 (August 1986): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(16)31527-7.

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45

Mendoza, R. E., and E. A. Pagani. "Influence of phosphorus nutrition on mycorrhizal growth response and morphology of mycorrhizae inLotus tenuis." Journal of Plant Nutrition 20, no. 6 (June 1997): 625–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904169709365282.

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46

Wira Yuwati, Tri, Wanda Septiana Putri, and Badruzsaufari. "Comparison of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Spores Abundance Under Sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & Grimes) Planted on Deep Peat and Mineral Soils." Journal of Tropical Peatlands 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.52850/jtpupr.v10i2.2062.

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Abstract (sommario):

Mycorrhizae are known as soil fungi because of their habitat in the rooting area (rhizosphere). Nearly 97% of terrestrial plant species interact or symbiotic with mycorrhizae. Symbiosis is formed in the form of an exchange between nutrients and carbohydrates and helps plants absorb P. elements. In Kalimantan, sengon often used as industrial material because it is fast-growing species and widely cultivated by the community. Sengon is a common species planted in mineral soils; however, due to the rising demand of sengon timber, it has been planted on peatlands. This study aims to compare the abu

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47

Wubet, Tesfaye, Michael Weiß, Ingrid Kottke, and Franz Oberwinkler. "Morphology and molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in wild and cultivated yew (Taxus baccata)." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-020.

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Abstract (sommario):

Taxus baccata L. roots collected from two sites in southern Germany were heavily colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The colonization pattern was of the Paris type. The diversity of the colonizing AMF species was investigated using polymerase chain reaction based molecular techniques. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the DNA from AMF within the roots was amplified using Glomeromycota-specific primers and then cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis using a data set of 5.8S rDNA sequences from a wide range of glomeralean taxa as well as data sets of partial ITS2

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48

Boris, Lazarević, Lošák Tomáš, and Manschadi Ahmad M. "Arbuscular mycorrhizae modify winter wheat root morphology and alleviate phosphorus deficit stress." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 1 (January 16, 2018): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/678/2017-pse.

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Abstract (sommario):

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) root colonization is known to have beneficial effects on plant growth especially under phosphorus (P) deficit conditions. The objectives of present study were: (i) to quantify changes in early wheat root development of AM-inoculated (AMI) and AM-free (AMF) roots under limited P availability; (ii) to assess possible mitigating effect of AM inoculation on photochemical efficiency under P deficit stress. AMI (inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis) and AMF wheat plants were grown for 20 days in low (1 μmol/L) and high (50 μmol/L)P treatments. AM inoculation affected r

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49

Imhof, Stephan. "Subterranean structures and mycorrhiza of the achlorophyllous Burmannia tenella (Burmanniaceae)." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 5 (October 16, 1999): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b99-034.

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Abstract (sommario):

Plants of the myco-heterotrophic Burmannia tenella Benth. form star-shaped root systems consisting of 0.7-2 mm thick, succulent, brittle roots, reaching lengths of up to 3 cm. In cross section the roots consist of an epidermis, about 10 layers of parenchymatous cortex cells, an endodermis with U-shaped secondary cell wall depositions, and a very reduced central cylinder with two to five central xylem elements and two opposite phloem strands, surrounded by a pericycle of relatively large cells. Based on the thick, aseptate, intracellularly coiled hyphae, arbuscules, and the frequent vesicles, t

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50

Sarmiento-López, Luis G., Melina López-Meyer, Gabriela Sepúlveda-Jiménez, Luis Cárdenas, and Mario Rodríguez-Monroy. "Photosynthetic performance and stevioside concentration are improved by the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Stevia rebaudiana under different phosphate concentrations." PeerJ 8 (October 19, 2020): e10173. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10173.

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Abstract (sommario):

In plants, phosphorus (P) uptake occurs via arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis and through plant roots. The phosphate concentration is known to affect colonization by AM fungi, and the effect depends on the plant species. Stevia rebaudiana plants are valuable sources of sweetener compounds called steviol glycosides (SGs), and the principal components of SGs are stevioside and rebaudioside A. However, a detailed analysis describing the effect of the phosphate concentration on the colonization of AM fungi in the roots and the relationship of these factors to the accumulation of SGs and photoc

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