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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Mycorrhizas Morphology"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 31 gennaio 2023

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Mycorrhizas Morphology"

1

Farias-Larios, J., S. Guzman-Gonzalez e A. Michel-Rosales. "The Advances in the Study on Mycorrhizas of Fruit Trees in Dry Tropics of Mexico". HortScience 31, n. 4 (agosto 1996): 684c—684. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.684c.

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The productivity of marginal soils frequently found in the arid tropics might be improved by using VAM fungi as “biofertilizer” and as a tool of sustainable agricultural systems. Study of mycorrhizas of fruit trees was performed in 1987 in western Mexico. More progress has been made in resources, taxonomy, anatomy and morphology, physiology, ecology, effects, and application of mycorrhizas in fruit trees and ornamental plants production. Currently, five genera has been identified and inoculated plants showed significant difference in respect to plants not inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi. Citrus trees were highly dependent on mycorrhizae for normal growth and development, while the banana plants showed lower levels of root colonization by different strains of VAM fungi. The added endomycorrhizal inoculum significantly increased root fungal colonization in fruit trees and reduce the time in nursery. The current status and research trends in the study of fruit tree mycorrhizas in western Mexico are introduced, and the application prospects in sustainable agriculture also are discussed.

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2

TIAN, Li, Yan LI e Qiang-Sheng WU. "Exogenous Carbon Magnifies Mycorrhizal Effects on Growth Behaviour and Sucrose Metabolism in Trifoliate Orange". Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46, n. 2 (24 gennaio 2018): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha46210987.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) need the carbohydrates from host plants for its growth, whereas it is not clear whether exogenous carbon affects mycorrhizal roles. A two-chambered rootbox was divided into root + hyphae chamber and hyphae chamber (free of roots) by 37-μm nylon mesh, in which trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings and Funneliformis mosseae were applied into root + hyphae chamber, and exogenous 40 mmol/L fructose, glucose and sucrose was applied to hyphae chamber. Application of exogenous sugars dramatically elevated root mycorrhizal colonization. Sole arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation significantly promoted plant growth and root morphology than non-AMF treatment. Mycorrhiza-improved plant growth and root modification could be enlarged by exogenous carbon, especially fructose. Exogenous carbon markedly increased root fructose, glucose and sucrose accumulation in mycorrhizal plants, especially sucrose. Exogenous fructose significantly reduced leaf and root sucrose synthase (SS) activity in synthesis direction and increased them in cleavage direction in AMF seedlings. Exogenous glucose and sucrose heavily elevated root SS activity of mycorrhizal seedlings in synthesis and cleavage direction and reduced leaf SS activity in synthesis direction. Leaf acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) activities of mycorrhizal seedlings were decreased by exogenous carbon, except sucrose in NI. Exogenous fructose significantly increased root AI and NI activity in mycorrhizal plants. These results implied that mycorrhizal inoculation represented positive effects on plant growth, root morphology, and sucrose metabolism of trifoliate orange, which could be magnified further by exogenous carbon, especially fructose.

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3

Marks, G. C. "Causal morphology and evolution of mycorrhizas". Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 35, n. 2-3 (aprile 1991): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(91)90046-z.

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4

Huang, Guang-Ming, Ying-Ning Zou, Qiang-Sheng Wu, Yong-Jie Xu e Kamil Kuča. "Mycorrhizal roles in plant growth, gas exchange, root morphology, and nutrient uptake of walnuts". Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 6 (23 giugno 2020): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/240/2020-pse.

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Walnut, an important oil fruit tree, is dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, while mycorrhizal roles and efficient mycorrhizal fungus in walnuts are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species, including Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae, and G. versiforme on plant growth, leaf gas exchange, root morphology, and root nutrient contents of walnut (Juglans regia L. Liaohe 1) seedlings. Three months of AMF inoculations later, root mycorrhizal colonisation achieved 47.0% to 76.4%. AMF treatments increased plant growth performance, dependent on AMF species. AMF-inoculated plants with D. spurca, G. etunicatum, and G. mosseae showed higher root length, projected area, surface area, and volume than non-AMF plants. Except for G. versiforme, the other four AMF treatments almost significantly increased leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductivity, while reduced intercellular CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and leaf temperature. AMF affected root nutrient contents, dependent on AMF and mineral nutrient species. These results, thereby, concluded that AMF had a positive role in walnuts, dependent on AMF species, and D. spurca was the best mycorrhizal fungus for walnut. Such results provide the potential possibility of a developing consortium of AMF in walnut cultivation management.

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Runjin, Liu, Xu Kun e Liu Pengqi. "The Advances in the Study on Mycorrhizas of Fruit Trees in China". HortScience 30, n. 4 (luglio 1995): 886C—886. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.886c.

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The study of mycorrhizas of fruit trees was carried out in the 1980s in China. More progress has been made in resources, taxonomy, anatomy and morphology, physiology, ecology, effects, and application of mycorrhizas in fruit trees. The present status and research trends in the study of fruit tree mycorrhizas in China were introduced, and the application prospects of mycorrhizas in fruit tree cultivation also were discussed.

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Zangaro, Waldemar, Fabio Rodrigo Nishidate, Flavia Regina Spago Camargo, Graziela Gorete Romagnoli e Julia Vandressen. "Relationships among arbuscular mycorrhizas, root morphology and seedling growth of tropical native woody species in southern Brazil". Journal of Tropical Ecology 21, n. 5 (25 luglio 2005): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467405002555.

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The relationships between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root morphological characteristics were studied under greenhouse conditions of 78 tropical native woody species and 47 seedling species collected in the field. Seedlings of native woody pioneer and early secondary species that generally exhibited fine roots with a dense cover of long root hairs showed higher mycorrhizal response and root mycorrhizal colonization than late-secondary and climax species with coarse roots with a sparse cover of short root hairs. Root-hair length and incidence decreased with the progression among the successional groups while fine-root diameter increased, both in the greenhouse and in the field. The mycorrhizal response was highly correlated to root mycorrhizal colonization in the greenhouse and in the field. These parameters were inversely correlated with the seed mass and fine-root diameter, but directly correlated with root-hair incidence, both in the greenhouse and in the field. Mycorrhizal response and root mycorrhizal colonization were also directly correlated with the root-hair length and root/shoot ratio of uninoculated plants. The seedling mycorrhizal status of the early successional woody species suggests that the root traits of these fast-growing species can be more receptive to attraction, infection and colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizas than root traits of late-successional species.

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McLachlan, Jonathan W., Adeline Becquer, Rebecca E. Haling, Richard J. Simpson, Richard J. Flavel e Chris N. Guppy. "Intrinsic root morphology determines the phosphorus acquisition efficiency of five annual pasture legumes irrespective of mycorrhizal colonisation". Functional Plant Biology 48, n. 2 (2021): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp20007.

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Mycorrhizal fungi are ubiquitous in agroecosystems and form symbiotic associations that contribute to the phosphorus (P) acquisition of many plants. The impact of mycorrhizas is most pronounced in P-deficient soil and commonly involves modifications to the root morphology of colonised plants. However, the consequences of mycorrhizal colonisation on root acclimation responses to P stress are not well described. Five annual pasture legumes, with differing root morphologies, were grown to determine the effect of mycorrhizal colonisation on shoot yield, root morphology and P uptake. Micro-swards of each legume were established in pots filled with a topsoil layer that had been amended with five rates of P fertiliser. The topsoil overlaid a low-P subsoil that mimicked the stratification of P that occurs under pasture. Mycorrhizal colonisation improved P acquisition and shoot yield in the low-P soil treatments, but did not reduce the critical external P requirement of the legumes for near-maximum yield. The yield responses of the mycorrhizal plants were associated with reduced dry matter allocation to topsoil roots, which meant that the P acquisition benefit associated with mycorrhizal colonisation was not additive in the P-deficient soil. The contribution of the mycorrhizal association to P acquisition was consistent among the legumes when they were compared at an equivalent level of plant P stress, and was most pronounced below a P stress index of ~0.5. The intrinsic root morphology of the legumes determined their differences in P-acquisition efficiency irrespective of mycorrhizal colonisation.

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Cavagnaro, T. R., L.-L. Gao, F. A. Smith e S. E. Smith. "Morphology of arbuscular mycorrhizas is influenced by fungal identity". New Phytologist 151, n. 2 (agosto 2001): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00191.x.

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KUMLA, JATURONG, NAKARIN SUWANNARACH, SANTHITI VADTHANARAT e SAISAMORN LUMYONG. "Gyrodon suthepensis (Boletales, Basidiomycota), a new ectomycorrhizal fungus from northern Thailand and its ecomycorhizal association". Phytotaxa 321, n. 2 (15 settembre 2017): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.321.2.3.

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A new ectomycorrhizal fungus, Gyrodon suthepensis, is described based on collections from northern Thailand. It can be distinguished from the previously described Gyrodon species by the morphological characteristics. The molecular phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA confirms the position of the new species within the family Paxillaceae. The full description, color photographs, illustrations and the phylogenetic tree to show the position of G. suthepensis are provided. The new species grows in association with the ectomycorrhizal tree Betula alnoides, and the morphology and anatomy of mycorrhizas are described. Moreover, the identification of mycorrhizal association of G. suthepensis was confirmed by molecular methods.

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Ya-Dong, Shao, Zhang De-Jian, Hu Xian-Chun, Wu Qiang-Sheng, Jiang Chang-Jun, Xia Ting-Jun, Gao Xiu-Bing e Kuča Kamil. "Mycorrhiza-induced changes in root growth and nutrient absorption of tea plants". Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 6 (31 maggio 2018): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/126/2018-pse.

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Tea plants grown in acidic soils are strongly dependent on arbuscular mycorrhizas, whereas it is not clear whether soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improve plant growth, root development, and nutrient absorption in tea plants. A potted study was conducted to determine the effects of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Diversispora spurca, D. versiformis and a mixture of the three AMF species on plant growth, root morphology, root-hair growth, and leaf nutrient status in Camellia sinensis cv. Fuding Dabaicha in Jingzhou, China. After 12 weeks of AMF inoculation, root mycorrhizal colonization ranged from 15.12% to 40.23%. AMF inoculation heavily increased plant height, shoot and root biomass, and total leaf area, whilst the increased effect was ranked as C. etunicatum > D. spurca > mixed-AMF > D. versiformis in the decreasing order. Mycorrhizal inoculation also considerably increased total root length and volume, whereas obviously inhibited root-hair length and number, in company with an increment in root-hair diameter. Leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Mn contents were significantly higher in AMF-inoculated plants than in non-AMF-inoculated plants, regardless of AMF species. It concludes that AMF inoculation had positive effects on plant growth performance, root morphology, and leaf nutrient levels in cv. Fuding Dabaicha seedlings, whilst C. etunicatum performed the best effects.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Mycorrhizas Morphology"

1

Cavagnaro, Timothy R. "Structure and physiology of Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizas". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc376.pdf.

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Cosme, Marco Paulo Rebeca. "Effects of interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rhizobacteria, soil phosphorus and plant cytokinin content on tobacco growth". Master's thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15193.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal e dos Recursos Naturais - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
A rizosfera é uma zona importante em termos de actividade e diversidade microbiana, onde ocorrem associações benéficas entre plantas e microorganismos, e é fundamental na produção agrícola. Ao proliferarem num meio complexo e heterogéneo como o solo, as raízes desenvolvem-se de forma estruturada, mas flexível, por forma a optimizar suas funções. Factores endógenos, como fisiologia e genética da planta, bem como factores exógenos abióticos e bióticos são elementos determinantes. Neste estudo proponho testar a hipótese de que os efeitos dos microorganismos do solo sobre o crescimento da planta estão associados a efeitos sobre a morfologia radicular e dependentes dos níveis endógenos de fitohormonas e disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo. Uma experiência factorial foi instalada na estufa, com a presença ou ausência de Glomus intraradices ou Pseudomonas fluorescens, com dois regimes de fertilização de fósforo, e com a linhagem selvagem de tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum) ou a transgénica 35S:CKX2 com teor de citoquinina reduzido. Os efeitos dos microorganismos sobre a biomassa alternaram entre o negativo, neutro ou positivo, dependendo da linhagem, do regime de fertilização e a presença de microorganismos, e explicam-se parcialmente com alterações na morfologia da raiz. A micorrização aumentou na linhagem 35S:CKX2 ou em presença de P. fluorescens-------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT - The rhizosphere is an important zone for microbial activity and diversity, where several beneficial associations between roots and microorganism occur, and is fundamental in terms of defining terrestrial food production. When growing in a complex and heterogeneous medium such as soil, roots develop in a structured but flexible manner to optimize their functions. Endogenous factor, such as plant physiology and genetics, as well as abiotic and biotic exogenous factors are important determinants. In the present study I hypothesized that the effects of soil microorganisms on root morphology are associated with plant growth and differ depending on endogenous phytohormone levels and soil nutrient availability. A full factorial experiment was set up in the greenhouse, with presence or absence of Glomus intraradices or Pseudomonas fluorescens, with two phosphorus amendments, and with the tobacco wild type (Nicotiana tabacum) or the 35S:CKX2 transgenic line with reduced cytokinin content. The effects of microorganisms on plant biomass changed from negative to neutral and positive depending on plant type, phosphorus amendment and microorganism presence, and are partially explained by alteration on root morphology. Mycorrhization was enhanced in the 35S:CKX2 mutant or in presence of P. fluorescens
N/A

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Mursidawati, Sofi. "Mycorrhizal association, propagation and conservation of the myco-heterotrophic orchid Rhizanthella gardneri". University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0014.

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Many orchids require mycorrhizal symbioses with fungi for their development and survival. Rhizanthella gardneri the Western Australian underground orchid is associated with the companion plant Melaleuca uncinata and its ectomycorrhizal fungus symbiont. Much less is known about the habitat requirements of its sister species, R. slateri, which occurs in Eastern Australia. The absence of chlorophyll from Rhizanthella gardneri and R. slateri results in total dependency on associations with fungal symbionts. Many ecological and biological aspects of these fascinating orchids remained poorly known, including the identity of the fungal associates and the nature of their tripartite associations with Rhizanthella and Melaleuca. Extremely high specificity of these mycorrhizal relationships is likely to be the most important factor explaining the highly specific habitat requirements of underground orchids. The purpose of this study was to conduct further investigations of the role of the mycorrhizal associations of Australian underground orchids by identifying the fungi involved in these associations, optimising their growth in sterile culture and devising efficient means for synthesising their tripartite associations with R. gardneri and M. uncinata. In total, 16 isolates of fungi were successfully obtained from the two underground orchids and used in a series of experiments to understand both the nature of the fungi and their relationship with orchids. The identity of these fungi was established by using conventional morphological and molecular methods. Cultural and morphological studies revealed that all isolates from R. gardneri and R. slateri were binucleate rhizoctonias with affinities to members of the genus Ceratobasidium. However, the teleomorph state that was observed from the R. slateri symbiont during this study more closely resembled a Thanatephorus species. Further identification using ITS sequence comparisons confirmed that mycorrhizal fungi of Rhizanthella belonged to the Rhizoctonia alliance with relatives that include Thanatephorus, Ceratobasidium, or Rhizoctonia from other continents with over 90% similarity. Most of these related fungi are known as plant pathogens, but some were orchid mycorrhizal fungi. However, the isolates from the two underground orchids were most closely related to each other and formed a discrete group relative to other known members of the Rhizoctonia alliance. Sterile culture experiments determined culture media preferences for mycorrhizal fungi from Rhizanthella and other orchids. A fully defined sterile culture medium designed to more closely resemble Australian soil conditions was formulated. This new medium was compared to undefined media containing oats or yeast extract and recommendations for growth of these fungi are provided. The undefined media based on oats provided the best growth of most fungi, but the new Australian soil media was also effective at growing most orchid mycorrhizal fungi and this fully defined media was less prone to contamination and should provide more reproducible results. A comparison of three methods for inoculating M. uncinata with the underground orchid fungi resulted in the production and characterisation of ectomycorrhizal roots and hyphae formed by fungi isolated from R. gardneri and R. slateri. These underground orchid fungi could easily be distinguished from other mycorrhizal fungi (caused by airborne contamination) by the characteristic appearance of these roots and hyphae. A new system for growing and observing tripartite mycorrhizal associations was devised using pots with side viewing windows and the use of transparent seed packets to contain Rhizanthella seeds. This method allowed all the stages of seed germination to be observed in the glasshouse, culminating in the production of underground orchid rhizomes. Seed germination was only successful when seed was placed directly over active M. uncinata ectomycorrhizas confirmed to belong to the correct fungus by microscopic observations through the side of window pots. The importance of these new scientific discoveries concerning the biology and ecology of the underground orchids and their associated fungi for the recovery of these critically endangered orchids are discussed.

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Cruz, Sarmiento Darío Javier [Verfasser], Meike [Gutachter] Piepenbring e Franz [Gutachter] Oberwinkler. "Tulasnella spp. as saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi of tropical orchids: morphology, molecular taxonomy, and ecology / Darío Javier Cruz Sarmiento ; Gutachter: Meike Piepenbring, Franz Oberwinkler". Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-310820.

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Cruz, Sarmiento Darío Javier Verfasser], Meike [Gutachter] [Piepenbring e Franz [Gutachter] Oberwinkler. "Tulasnella spp. as saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi of tropical orchids: morphology, molecular taxonomy, and ecology / Darío Javier Cruz Sarmiento ; Gutachter: Meike Piepenbring, Franz Oberwinkler". Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1117085996/34.

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Cavagnaro, Timothy Richard. "Structure and physiology of Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizas / Timothy R. Cavagnaro". 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21704.

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Copies of author's previously published works inserted.
Bibliography: leaves 189-212.
xxii, 212 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil and Water, 2001

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Cavagnaro, Timothy Richard. "Structure and physiology of Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizas / Timothy R. Cavagnaro". Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21704.

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Copies of author's previously published works inserted.
Bibliography: leaves 189-212.
xxii, 212 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30cm.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil and Water, 2001

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8

Yang, Jia Rong, e 楊佳容. "Effects of aluminum concentrations on mycorrhizal development and morphology of Taiwan red pine (Pinus Taiwanensis Hay.)". Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70255661170788275745.

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Tschen, Edelgard Fu-Tschin, e 陳復琴. "Morphology Studies and Mycorrhiza Structure of Cheilotheca sp. ( Pyrolaceae ) in Hsiao-Chu Peak, Huisun Experimental Forest". Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20330919576677147998.

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碩士
國立中興大學
植物學系
86
Cheilotheca sp., collected from Hsiao-Chu Peak, Huisun Experimental Forest,are identified as Cheilotheca humilis humilis (Don)Keng and Cheilotheca humilisvar. glaberrima (Hara) Keng & Hsieh, according to Flora of Taiwan. The roots of the two plants are perennial. Buds covered by litters areobserved on the roots all year round and, at the place covered with fewer fallen leaves, buds are emerged aboveground through the winter. However, the shoots wither after its flowering and fruitage. The differences of morphology and floral phenology between the two plantsare: The petals and filaments of C. humilis humilis are pubescent; whole plant white to purplish and blooms from March to June; petals 3, filaments 8-10 or more, stigma grayish blue, parietal placentation with 10 or more cleavages. C. humilis var. glaberrima is glabrous, white, blooms from January to April; petals 5, filaments 10 , stigma yellowish, and pariet alplacentation with 5 cleavages. Cheilotheca humilis humilis and C. humilis var. glaberrima are distributed in broad-leaf forest or broad-leaf / coniferous forest in the Hsiao-Chu Peak at elevation of 1000-1580 m. Soil of the habitat is slightly acidic to neutral. The floral phenology is related to the rainfall, temperature, or the altitude. In this study, brown branched ectendomycorrhizae have been observed in both plants. Based on the SEM observations, surface of Cheilotheca mycorrhizae is hairy with fungal hyphae, during the stages of bud to blooming.Fungal hyphae on the surface become de of nutrients with the plants, or other mechanism of the plant cell against the invasion of the mycorrhizal fungi.

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LIU, MING-LONG, e 劉銘龍. "Study on the ultrastructural morphology of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae of cunninghamia lanceolata Hooker and Taiwania cryptomerioides Hay". Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23213633851636070293.

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Libri sul tema "Mycorrhizas Morphology"

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Black, C. H. The effects of mycorrhizal colonization and phosphorus fertilization on Douglas-fir seedling growth, morphology, and photosynthesis. 1985.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Mycorrhizas Morphology"

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Minerdi, D., V. Bianciotto e P. Bonfante. "Endosymbiotic bacteria in mycorrhizal fungi: from their morphology to genomic sequences". In Diversity and Integration in Mycorrhizas, 211–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1284-2_20.

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Bonfante, P., e V. Bianciotto. "Presymbiotic Versus Symbiotic Phase in Arbuscular Endomycorrhizal Fungi: Morphology and Cytology". In Mycorrhiza, 229–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08897-5_11.

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Imhof, Stephan, Hugues B. Massicotte, Lewis H. Melville e R. Larry Peterson. "Subterranean Morphology and Mycorrhizal Structures". In Mycoheterotrophy, 157–214. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5209-6_4.

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Mineo, Lorraine, e S. K. Majumdar. "Ectomycorrhizae in oaks (Quercus alba, Q. rubra) in Northeastern Pennsylvania woodlands: Morphology, frequency and implied physiology and ecology". In Concepts in Mycorrhizal Research, 315–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1124-1_11.

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Ortaş, Ibrahim, Mazhar Rafique e Md Toufiq Iqbal. "Mycorrhizae Resource Allocation in Root Development and Root Morphology". In Plant Microbe Interface, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19831-2_1.

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Bonfante-Fasolo, Paola. "Anatomy and Morphology of Va Mycorrhizae". In VA Mycorrhiza, 5–33. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351077514-2.

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Pang, Jiayin, Zhihui Wen, Daniel Kidd, Megan H. Ryan, Rui-Peng Yu, Long Li, Wen-Feng Cong, Kadambot H. M. Siddique e Hans Lambers. "Advances in understanding plant root uptake of phosphorus". In Understanding and improving crop root function, 321–72. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2020.0075.16.

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At a global scale, phosphorus (P) deficiency comprises a large area of cropland, while P has also been used in excess of crop requirements in many other regions. Improved crop P-acquisition efficiency would allow lower target critical soil P values and provide savings in P-fertiliser use. At the same time, it would reduce P lost through erosion, leaching and/or soil sorption. This chapter summarises the progress in research on root traits associated with P acquisition, including root morphology, architecture, biochemistry, colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and fine root endophytes, and the trade-offs among all these traits. Farming-management practices to improve P acquisition under current intensive agricultural systems are also discussed. The chapter summarises breeding progress in improving P-acquisition efficiency. In the face of soil P deficiency or legacy P globally, the chapter suggests future directions to improve P acquisition in five key areas.

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Silva Nunes, Jose Luis da, Paulo Vitor Dutra de Souza, Gilmar Arduino Bettio Marodin, Jose Carlos e Jorge Ernesto de Araujo Mariath. "Alterations in Root Morphology of Rootstock Peach Trees Caused by Mycorrhizal Fungi". In Carbohydrates - Comprehensive Studies on Glycobiology and Glycotechnology. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51586.

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Maun, M. Anwar. "Animal–plant interactions". In The Biology of Coastal Sand Dunes. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570356.003.0015.

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Population dynamics of plant species of coastal sand dunes is influenced directly, both above and below the soil surface, by a wide variety of organisms. Plants serve as sources of carbon and pathogens including viruses, insects, bacteria, fungi, birds, and mammals of various kinds. Some enhance plant performance while others have deleterious effects. Positive interactions include pollination of flowers by useful insects in return for nectar and pollen, nutrient acquisition from soil by mycorrhizal fungi in exchange for carbon and acquiring nitrogen (N) from N-fixing bacteria. In the history of co-evolution between plants and organisms over one hundred million years plants have developed many mechanisms to defend themselves from pathogens. Morphology may be altered by producing epicuticular waxes, developing trichomes over leaves, producing tough leaves with deposition of celluloses, lignin, suberin and callose, developing thorns on stems and branches or producing secondary plant metabolites that retard development, intoxicate or kill herbivorous insects. Herbivory may induce a plant to produce chemicals that signal to advertise the presence of insects feeding on them and attract parasites to reduce their numbers. Phenological escape is also employed, such as delay of leaf expansion during periods of insect abundance. Some indirect mechanisms of plant defence involve the use of insects such as ants for protection from other phytophagous insects. However, the predators have also evolved the ability to break down the defence mechanisms of the plant. For example, they may use phytochemicals for their own defence or as olfactory clues for feeding. In this chapter a brief account of organisms of the coastal dune communities, including species of the intertidal zone, scavengers of the sea coast, reptiles, birds, insects, mammals and their possible interactions with terrestrial vegetation is presented. For biological organisms of the seashore the intertidal zone is the most important for food and shelter. The sand-dwelling species of the seashore must be able to contend with four limiting factors: (i) rush of water from the approaching or receding high tide and pounding breakers, (ii) low salinity of the top surface of sand (iii) desiccation of surface by high winds and sunshine and (iv) extreme changes in temperature of topsoil.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Mycorrhizas Morphology"

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Andrade, Alexsandra O., Roque M. P. Trindade, Vanessa B. F. Neves, Alecio S. Barros, Isadora B. Soares, Reginaldo Pereira Costa, Divino Levi Miguel, Regivan H. N. Santiago e Ana Maria G. Guerrreiro. "Analysis of fuzzy morphology in spore counts of mycorrhizal fungi". In 2015 Annual Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS) held jointly with 2015 5th World Conference on Soft Computing (WConSC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nafips-wconsc.2015.7284131.

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Andrade, Alexsandra O., Roque M. P. Trindade, Vanessa B. F. Neves, Deise S. Maia, Divino Levi Miguel, Regivan H. N. Santiago e Ana Maria G. Guerrreiro. "The counting of mycorrhizal fungi spores using fuzzy mathematical morphology". In 2015 Annual Conference of the North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS) held jointly with 2015 5th World Conference on Soft Computing (WConSC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nafips-wconsc.2015.7284167.

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