Tesi sul tema "Mycobacterium"
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Jucker, Markus Thomas. "Relationship of plasmids in Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39450.
Testo completoPh. D.
Narbonne-Nguyen, The Tich Valérie. "Analyse de plusieurs marqueurs moléculaires de mycobactéries : applications épidemiologiques (doctorat : sciences de la vie et de la santé)". Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES3102.
Testo completoRedford, Paul Stuart. "Regulatory mechanisms inhibiting anti-mycobacterial immunity following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445023/.
Testo completoMpongoshe, Vuyiseka. "Gene expression changes in macrophages infected with pathogenic M. tuberculosis and non-pathogenic M. smegmatis and M. bovis BCG". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86729.
Testo completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: The current anti-TB drugs have had success in decreasing the number of deaths caused by TB, however, this success is limited by the emergence of drug resistant TB strains. Therefore, a novel TB therapy that limits the development of resistance has become necessary in an attempt to effectively control TB. The anti-TB drugs directly target mycobacterial enzymes, and potentiate the development of this resistance, and have therefore provided the rationale for this study. The aim was therefore to identify host macrophage genes that affect M. tb intracellular survival. The proposed alternative anti-TB therapy potentially involves the application of RNA interference (RNAi) and RNA activation (RNAa) biological processes that will target host genes, thereby inducing an indirect bactericidal effect. We hypothesized that macrophage genes that are differentially expressed by pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacterial species may be important in the regulation of M. tb intracellular survival. The lipid-rich mycobacterial cell wall is implicated in the excessive clumping of the mycobacterial cells in liquid culture. In order to minimize this, Tween 80 detergent was supplemented (mycobacteriaT). However, due to substantial evidence emphasising the detrimental effects of Tween 80 on the mycobacterial cell wall, mycobacteria were also cultured without Tween 80 (mycobacteriaNT), in order to investigate if the perturbed mycobacterial cell wall induced by Tween 80 affects the transcriptional response of macrophages. We endeavoured to develop a new method to culture mycobacteria without Tween 80 that will still generate single cells. We further hypothesized that the macrophage gene expression profile induced by mycobateriaNT differs from the response induced by mycobacteriaT. Differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1) cells were infected with pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacteria (for 3 h, 24 h and 48 h with M. tb and M. bovis BCG, and 3 h and 8 h with M. smegmatis) cultured in the presence or absence of Tween 80. The expression of 12 macrophage genes, selected based on their involvement in the phagocytic pathway and autophagy, as well as their general involvement in the immune response, was determined by qRT-PCR and further analysed on the REST programme. The expression of each target gene was normalised relative to the expression of the reference gene (Beta actin). We observed that out of the 12 genes, TLR7 and VAMP7 were consistently downregulated in dTHP-1 cells infected with M. tbNT and upregulated in dTHP-1 cells infected with M. smegmatisNT. Their response to M. bovis BCG was inconsistent and not significantly different, and therefore could not be interpreted. Furthermore, CCL1 was upregulated by all the mycobacterial species. However, its expression was more pronounced in response to mycobacteriaNT, when compared to mycobacteriaT. Differential gene expression of TLR7 and VAMP7 in response to pathogenic and non-pathogenic mycobacteriaNT suggests that these 2 genes may be potential targets for RNAa-based anti-TB therapy, even though we could not conclude whether their response was specific to macrophages. In addition, the observed difference in the expression of CCL1 induced by mycobacteriaNT, compared to mycobacteriaT suggests that the perturbation caused by Tween 80 on the mycobacterial cell wall most likely affected the response of macrophages to infection with mycobacteria. Furthermore, this study has demonstrated a feasible method by filtration to generate single cells from mycobacteriaNT, which should be considered for future mycobacterial infection studies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die huidige anti-tuberkulose middels se sukses lê daarin dat dit die aantal sterftes verminder maar hierdie sukses word weer beperk met die ontstaan van middel-weerstandige M.tb stamme. Daarom is nuwe middels nodig wat die ontwikkeling van middel-weerstandigheid beperk in ʼn poging om effektiewe TB behandeling te bewerkstellig. Anti-tuberkulose middels teiken hoofsaaklik mycobakteriële ensiemsisteme en ontlok sodoende weerstandigheid in M.tb stamme en dit vorm die rasionale vir hierdie studie. Die doel was om gasheer makrofaag gene te identifiseer wat M.tb oorlewing intrasellulêr bewerkstellig. Die voorgestelde alternatiewe anti-TB behandeling sal dan behels die toepassing van RNA intervensie (RNAi) en RNA aktivering (RNAa) tegnologie wat gasheer selgene teiken (inaktiveer) en sodoende ʼn bakterisidiese respons induseer. Die kanse is skraal dat mycobakterieë weerstandigheid sal kan ontwikkel onder hierdie omstandighede. Ons hipotetiseer dus dat makrofaag gene wat differensieel uitgedruk word deur patogeniese en nie-patologiese mycobakteriële spesies belangrik mag wees vir die oorlewing van M.tb intrasellulêr. Die lipiedryke selwand van mycobakterieë word geïmpliseer in die oormatige sameklomping van die bakterieë in vloeistofkulture. Om hierdie effek te minimaliseer word Tween 80 normaalweg tot die medium gevoeg (mycobakterieëT). Maar weens genoegsame bewyse dat Tween-80 die selwand van bakterieë nadelig beïnvloed, is mycobakterieë ook in die afwesigheid van Tween 80 gekultureer (mycobakterieëNT) om te bepaal of die nadelige effek van Tween 80 op die selwand die transkripsionele respons in makrofage beïnvloed post-infeksie. Dit was daarom ook ons doelstelling om ʼn nuwe tegniek te ontwikkel om mycobakterieë te kultureer in die afwesigheid van Tween 80 wat ook enkelselle sal genereer vir beter gekontroleerde makrofaag infeksie. Ons hipotetiseer ook verder dat makrofaag geenuitdrukking-profiele verskil afhangende of infeksie gedoen is met mycobakterieë wat in die afwesigheid of teenwoordigheid van Tween 80 gekultureer is. Gedifferensieerde THP-1 (dTHP-1) was geïnfekteer met patogeniese en nie-patogeniese mycobakterieë (vir 3 h, 24 h en 48 h met M.tb en M.bovis BCG, en 3 h en 8 h met M.smegmatis) gekultureer in die teenwoordigheid en afwesigheid van Tween 80. Die uitdrukking van 12 makrofaag gene, geselekteer op grond van hul betrokkenheid in die fagositose meganisme en in outofagie asook hul betrokkenheid in die immuunrespons, is gekwantifiseer met qRT-PCR en daaropvolgens geanaliseer met die REST-program. Die uitdrukking van elke geen is genormaliseer relatief tot die uitdrukking van die verwysingsgeen (Beta actin). Daar is bevind dat van die 12 gene, TLR7 en VAMP7 deurlopend afgereguleer was in dTHP-1 selle geïnfekteer met M.tbNT en opgereguleer was in dTHP selle geïnfekteer met M.smegmatisNT. Selrespons met M.bovis BCG was onbeduidend en derhalwe kon geen gevolgtrekking hier gemaak word nie. Ook, CCL1 was opgereguleer met infeksie deur enige van die mycobakteriële spesies, maar CCL1 se uitdrukking was groter in respons tot mycobakterieëNT wanneer vergelyk word met respons tot mycobakterieëT. Differensiële geenuitdrukking van TLR7 en VAMP7 in respons tot patogeniese en nie-patogeniese mycobakterieëNT impliseer dat hierdie twee gene potensiële teikens kan wees vir RNAa-gebaseerde anti-TB behandeling, alhoewel ons nie kon beslis of hierdie respons spesifiek vir makrofage was nie. Ook, die verskille waargeneem in die uitdrukking van CCL1 geïnduseer deur mycobakterieëNT, vergeleke met mycobakterieëT, impliseer dat die steuring in die selwand veroorsaak deur Tween 80, heelwaarskynlik die respons van die makrofaag beïnvloed het. Hierdie studie beskryf ook ʼn filtrasiemetode om enkele mycobakteriële selle te genereer wat oorweeg moet word by toekomstige mycobakteriële infeksiestudies.
Dumartin, Catherine. "Activité de l'antiseptique chloré amukine Rsur "Mycobacterium fortuitum", "Mycobacterium tuberculosis" et "Mycobacterium avium"". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P185.
Testo completoHasan, Zehra. "Mycobacterium - host interactions : trafficking of mycobacteria within the host cell". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264976.
Testo completoMillar, Douglas Spencer. "Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, mycobacteria and chronic enteritis in humans and animals". Thesis, St George's, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308932.
Testo completoMuhammed, Ameen Sirwan. "Re-evaluation of older antibiotics in the area of resistant mycobacteria". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5058.
Testo completoFirstly, we measured the serum concentration of Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)-Trimethoprim (TMP) in patients treated with high dosage regimen. The mean values and standard deviation for SMX concentration was 161.01± 69.154 mg/L and of 5.788 ± 2.74 mg/L for TMP. Susceptibility testing yielded a minimum inhibitory concentration 90% (MIC90) of 10 mg/L for cotrimoxazole and sulfadiazine. All M. tuberculosis complex mycobacteria (MTC) were inhibited by 20 mg/L cotrimoxazole and sulfadiazine. Also, the MICs of ivermectin varied between 10 and 40 mg/L, against 13 MTC mycobacteria. Moreover, all M. tuberculosis isolate were resistant to squalamine with MIC > 100 mg/L. Also, all Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) isolates were resistant to trimethoprim with MIC > 200 mg/L. Cotrimoxazole, sulfamethoxazole and sulfadiazine exhibited MIC of 10 mg/L, 25 mg/L and 20 mg/L, respectively against all tested MAC isolates except for Mycobacterium chimaera which exhibited MICs of 10 mg/L for these molecules. Comparing the DHPS gene sequence in M. intracellulare and M. chimaera type strains and clinical isolates yielded only four amino acid changes
Vorwieger, Stefan [Verfasser], e Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner. "Efflux-Inhibition bei Mycobacterium smegmatis und Mycobacterium avium". Freiburg : Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1123467102/34.
Testo completoAgustí, Adalid Gemma. "Caracterització d'un nou polièster present en les soques llises de Mycobacterium vaccae, Mycobacterium aurum, Mycobacterium obuense, Mycobacterium parafortuitum, Mycobacterium chubuense i Mycobacterium gilvum. Implicació en la morfologia colonial, motilitat i formació de biofilms". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3928.
Testo completoD'altra banda, a part dels microorganismes que constitueixen els complexes M. tuberculosis i M. leprae trobem un grup nombrós de micobacteris, format per micobacteris atípics o micobacteris ambientals (MNT). Aquest grup engloba la resta d'espècies micobacterianes no incloses en els dos grups anteriors. De les més de 130 espècies descrites de MNT, aproximadament un terç podrien estar relacionades amb malalties en humans i ser les responsables de les anomenades micobacteriosis, encara que, a diferència del complex M. tuberculosis i M. leprae, les espècies de MNT no són patògens obligats.
Els MNT tenen una gran capacitat de prevalença en aigües de distribució i això és degut principalment a la seva capacitat de créixer en un ampli rang de condicions ambientals i, sobretot, a la seva capacitat de colonitzar superfícies. La motilitat i la capacitat d'adherir-se a superfícies són algunes de les respostes funcionals que es manifesten en el procés de colonització d'una superfície. Per tant l'estudi de la motilitat, la hidrofobicitat i la capacitat d'adhesió a diferents materials ens pot ajudar a entendre i determinar els mecanismes de colonització, persistència i transmissió dels MNT en el medi ambient.
En el gènere Mycobacterium, els efectes de la morfologia colonial en les funcions biològiques són múltiples. Diferents estudis, en Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium abcessus i Mycobacterium smegmatis, mostren una relació directa entre la morfologia colonial, la motilitat, la hidrofobicitat, l'adhesió cel·lular i la formació de biopel·lícules en superfície, a més a més de relacionar aquestes funcions biològiques amb la presència en la paret cel·lular d'aquests micobacteris d'un tipus específic de glicolípids anomenats glicopeptidolípids.
Aquesta tesi s'ha centrat a estudiar i relacionar la morfologia colonial amb les funcions biològiques (motilitat, hidrofobicitat, adhesió cel·lular i formació de biopel·lícules en superfície), descrites inicialment en M. avium, M. abcessus i M. smegmatis, en un altre grup de micobacteris ambientals, Mycobacterium aurum, Mycobacterium chubuense, Mycobacterium gilvum, Mycobacterium obuense, Mycobacterium parafortuitum i Mycobacterium vaccae. Aquestes espècies micobacterianes tenen en comú que són de creixement ràpid, presenten originàriament una morfologia colonial llisa i, segons els estudis comparatius del 16S ARN, són filogenèticament properes entre elles, a la vegada que filogenèticament distants de les espècies micobacterianes ja estudiades.
En aquest sentit, ens vem proposar obtenir de forma espontània, a partir de les colònies llises de M. aurum, M. chubuense, M. gilvum, M. obuense, M. parafortuitum i M. vaccae, variants rugoses estables les quals van ser aïllades en cultiu pur. Posteriorment, ens vem centrar en analitzar els lípids i glicolípids de la paret cel·lular d'aquests micobacteris mitjançant cromatografia de capa fina per a comprovar si s'observaven diferències en la composició lipídica i glicolipídica entre les dues variants morfològiques. A més, es va dur a terme l'estudi comparatiu de la capacitat de motilitat, de les característiques hidrofòbiques, de l'adhesió cel·lular i de la formació de biopel·lícules en la interfase líquid-aire entre les dues morfologies colonials en les diferents espècies estudiades. I, finalment, es van fer estudis genètics per determinar les bases moleculars relacionades amb els canvis de morfologia colonial en M. vaccae.
Mycobacteria are a clinically important group of microorganisms due to the fact that there are some species which are causal agents of human diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Among this group of pathogenic mycobacteria it has to be highlighted Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, which are, respectively, the causal agents for tuberculosis and leprosy.
Besides, apart from the microorganisms which constitute the complexes M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, there is a large group of mycobacteria species which includes atypical or environmental mycobacteria (NTM). This group comprises the other mycobacteria species which have not been included in both groups before mentioned. At least a third out of the 130 NTM described could be related to human diseases and could be responsible for mycobacteriosis, although, unlike complex M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, NTM species are not obligated pathogens.
NTM have a great capacity to remain in the environment, and this is mainly due to their capacity to grow in a wide range of environmental conditions and, overall, due to their capacity to colonize surfaces. The motility and the capacity to adhere to many different surfaces are some of the functional responses which appear in a surface colonization process. That is why the study of motility, hydrophobicity and adhesion to many materials can help us to understand and determine the colonization, persistence and transmission mechanisms of NTM in the environment.
In Mycobacterium genus, the effects of colonial morphology in the biological functions are numerous. Different studies in Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium abcessus and Mycobacterium smegmatis, show a direct connection among colonial morphology, motility, hydrophobicity, cellular adhesion and biofilm formation. These biological functions are also connected with the presence in these mycobacteria cell wall of a specific type of glycosylated peptidolipids named glycopeptidolipids (GPLs).
This thesis has been focused on studying and connecting colonial morphology with biological functions (motility, hydrophobity, cellular adhesion and the biofilm formation), which have been described previously in M. avium, M. abcessus and M. smegmatis, in another environmental mycobacteria group, Mycobacterium aurum, Mycobacterium chubuense, Mycobacterium gilvum, Mycobacterium obuense, Mycobacterium parafortuitum and Mycobacterium vaccae. These species have in common that they are fast growing, show an originally smooth colonial morphology and, according to comparative 16S ARN studies, they are phylogenetically nearby among them but phylogenetically distant of the other mycobacteria species already studied. Moreover, none of these last species possess GPLs in their cell wall.
In this sense, we proposed to obtain spontaneous rough variants from the original smooth colonies of M. aurum, M. chubuense, M. gilvum, M. obuense, M. parafortuitum and M. vaccae. Afterwards, we analyzed and compared the lipid and glycolipid composition of the cell wall between both morphological variants by thin layer chromatography. In addition, we carried out the comparative study about the motility capacity, hydrophobical characteristics, cellular adhesion and biofilm formation in liquid-air interface between both colonial morphologies studied. And, finally, genetic studies were realized in order to determine the molecular bases connected with the changes in the colonial morphology in M. vaccae.
Nakedi, Kehilwe Confidence. "Comprehensive definition of Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylation in mycobacteria: towards understanding reprogramming of normal macrophage function by pathogenic mycobacteria". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29707.
Testo completoVeyrier, Frédéric. "The evolution of «Mycobacterium tuberculosis»: the mycobacterial SigK-RskA regulatory system". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86905.
Testo completoThe description of the M. tuberculosis evolution is strengthened when accompanied by functional characterization of these evolutionary events. Therefore, we have focused on an already-known example of micro-evolution to determine its role in M. tuberculosis biology. Our laboratory had previously established that MTC members exhibit variable production of eleven proteins due to mutations in the anti-sigma factor of SigK (RskA). As a consequence, in M. tuberculosis, their expression is low in vitro but strongly induced during infection; in contrast, M. bovis and the Oryx bacillus constitutively express these proteins. We first determined which genes are SigK-regulated and described the SigK promoters using luciferase technology. We then used these tools for a detailed study of the function of RskA from different MTC organisms. These experiments demonstrated that the anti-sigma factor RskA is not only an inhibitor of SigK but also presents an activator function. Finally, the activating property of RskA was used to generate M. tuberculosis strains over-expressing the SigK regulon, enabling us to test the effect of over-expression on the host pathogen relationship during in vivo infections. These experiments reproducibly demonstrated that over-expressing SigK-regulated genes results in increased bacterial dissemination from the site of infection along with increased survival of the host.
Over-all, this study has provided new and complementary understanding on M. tuberculosis evolution. Additionally, our evolutionary approach has contributed to a better understanding of two major areas of research, specifically Sigma factor signaling and M. tuberculosis pathogenesis.
Le genre bactérien des mycobactéries comprend des espèces pathogènes pour les animaux mais aussi pour les humains comme les bactéries du groupe de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTC). Dans les dernières années, la recherche dans ce domaine à largement donné la priorité aux études des différences génomiques entre les sous-espèces et souches du MTC. Celles-ci ont alors permis d'observer que les organismes du MTC avaient évolué grâce à des délétions géniques et des mutations ponctuelles. Cependant, nous avons émis l'hypothèse que ces observations ne décrivent qu'en partie l'évolution de M. tuberculosis. En effet, en utilisant la comparaison bioinformatique des génomes des mycobactéries séquencées, nous avons décrit l'acquisition séquentielle de gènes étrangers par l'ancêtre de M. tuberculosis durant l'évolution du genre. Cette étude, additionnée à d'autres, démontre que l'évolution de M. tuberculosis a été ponctuée d'acquisition de gènes étrangers avant d'être suivi d'une période de dévolution génomique.
L'étude de l'évolution de M. tuberculosis ne serait pas complète sans la caractérisation fonctionnelle de ces évènements évolutifs. C'est pourquoi nous avons tenté de comprendre un exemple déjà connu de microévolution et de déterminer le rôle de cet évènement dans la biologie de M. tuberculosis. Notre laboratoire a déjà établi que les membres du MTC expriment de façon variable onze protéines suite à des mutations dans l'anti-sigma facteur de SigK (RskA). Par conséquent, si M. tuberculosis n'exprime pas ces protéines in vitro mais durant l'infection, M. bovis et le Bacille de l'antilope les expriment de façon constitutive incluant in vitro. Nous avons commencé par décrire les promoteurs régulés par SigK en utilisant la luciférase comme rapporteur. Ces données et ces outils nous ont alors permis d'étudier plus en détail la fonction des différentes versions de RskA provenant des membres du MTC. Nous avons démontré que RskA est non seulement un inhibiteur de SigK mais aussi un activateur. La découverte des propriétés activatrices de RskA nous a permis de construire des souches de M. tuberculosis qui surexpriment le regulon SigK et donc de tester l'effet de cette surexpression sur la relation hôte-pathogène lors d'une infection. Ces expériences ont démontré de façon répétée que la surexpression du regulon SigK accroit d'une part les capacités disséminatrices des bactéries et d'autre part le temps de survie de l'hôte.
En conclusion, cette étude a permis une meilleure description de l'évolution de M. tuberculosis. De plus, notre approche de l'évolution a contribué à une meilleure compréhension de deux domaines de recherche majeure à savoir la régulation de gènes par les Sigma facteurs mais aussi la pathogenèse de M. tuberculosis.
Mullis, Summer. "Adherence and Biofilm Formation of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium abscessus in household plumbing". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44778.
Testo completoMaster of Science
Mathie, Heather. "Early macrophage response to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31378.
Testo completoWarek, Ujwala. "Action of clofazimine on Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare". Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03042009-040856/.
Testo completoSales, Mariana Lázaro. "Identificação de Mycobacterium bovis e Mycobacterium tuberculosis por PCR". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/SMOC-9L2PT7.
Testo completoO Mycobacterium bovis e o Mycobacterium tuberculosis são os agentes causadores da tuberculose bovina e humana, respectivamente. O diagnóstico padrão se baseia no isolamento bacteriano e a identificação das colônias através de métodos bioquímicos. Estas metodologias além de serem onerosas, requerem um ambiente com alto nível de biossegurança e um grande tempo de cultivo e testes para obtenção dos resultados. Os testes moleculares baseados nos princípios da PCR em tempo real utilizando-se o fluoróforo Eva Green foram eficientes na identificação do M. bovis e M. tuberculosis. Além disso, foram realizadas análises com iniciadores e marcadores moleculares, descritos na literatura, capazes de diferenciar o M. bovis do M. tuberculosis por PCR. Os resultados mostraram que alguns dos marcadores moleculares são encontrados em ambos os micro-organismos. O trabalho dessa dissertação permitiu o desenvolvimento de técnicas de PCR em tempo real capazes de identificar colônias de M. bovis e M. tuberculosis, em substituição aos testes bioquímicos.
Whiteford, Danelle. "Stress survival in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis and the role of hup in Mycobacterium smegmatis". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2008/D_Whiteford_100908.pdf.
Testo completoTaylor, Robert Henry. "Disinfectant Susceptibility of Mycobacterium avium". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36018.
Testo completoMycobacterium avium, an opportunistic human pathogen, infects between 25 and 50% of advanced-stage acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in the United States. M. avium has been isolated from many environmental sources including: natural waters, soils, and aerosols. M. avium has also been recovered from within municipal and hospital drinking water systems. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) infected with the simian HIV analog, SIV, have been shown to acquire M. avium infections from potable water.
Reduced-aggregate fractions (cell suspensions free of large aggregates) of Mycobacterium avium were exposed to chlorine, monochloramine, chlorine dioxide, and ozone and kinetics of disinfection measured. Chlorine disinfection kinetics was also measured in M. avium cultures grown in biofilms.
M. avium exhibited a high resistance to chlorine compared to E. coli. M. avium CT99.9% (disinfectant concentration x time to 3 logs cell inactivation) values were between 571- and 2318 -times those of E. coli. Clinical isolates of M. avium showed 0.24 and 2.5-fold increase in resistance to chlorine compared to their pulsed-field-gel-electrophoresis- (PFGE) matched environmental isolates.
M. avium strains exhibited a mixed response to exposure to monochloramine. The CT99.9% values of three strains (2 clinical, 1 environmental) were between 6.3- and 23.5- times that of E. coli. Two strains (1 clinical, 1 environmental) exhibited CT99.9% values approximately the same as E. coli, a difference from all the other disinfectants which were much less effective on M. avium than on E. coli.
M. avium strains exhibited a high resistance to chlorine dioxide when compared to E.coli. M. avium CT99.9% values of between 133- and 706- times higher that that of E. coli. In the paired isolates tested, the clinical isolate was 5.3 times more resistant than the matched environmental isolate.
M. avium exhibited a high resistance to ozone when compared to E. coli. M. avium strains exhibited a CT99.9% value of between 52 and 90 times higher that that of E. coli. In the paired isolates tested, the clinical isolate was nearly identical as judged by CT99.9% values. M. avium strain 5002 exhibited an unusual disinfection kinetics curve. Disinfection rate increased by a non-logarithmic factor, indicating that inactivation efficiency was increasing over time.
M. avium strain 1060 showed between a 17% decrease to a 265% increase in CT99.9% value when grown as biofilms as opposed to suspension. Due to the large variance in biofilm density and and CT99.9% values, any conclusions based on these experiments should be considered tentative at best.
M. avium's resistance to chlorine and chlorine dioxide approaches that of the protozoan cysts of Giardia muris and Entamoeba hystolytica. M. avium is much less resistant, relatively, to monochloramine possessing values similar to E. coli. Ozone resistance of M. avium is two orders of magnitude greater than E. coli and one order of magnitude of less than G. muris cysts.
A critical concentration threshold level for chlorine dioxide was found. That is, there was no linear relationship between concentration of chlorine dioxide and cell inactivation. Initial experiments using a range of concentrations from 0.1 ppm to 0.5 ppm chlorine dioxide showed a biphasic curve with the inflection point (indicating the critical concentration) between 0.3 and 0.4 ppm chlorine dioxide.
Master of Science
Jönsson, Bodil. "Epidemiological and immunological studies of environmental mycobacteria : with focus on Mycobacterium abscessus /". Göteborg : Clinical Bacteriology Section, Dept of Infectious medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/19060.
Testo completoHoza, Abubakar Shaaban. "Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria and other potential pathogenic bacteria from Tubercolisis suspents in Northeastern, Tanzania". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-211093.
Testo completoDjomkam, Leopold Tientcheu. "Differences between host immune responses to `Mycobacterium tuberculosis' and 'Mycobacterium africanum'". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590516.
Testo completoDaffé, Mamadou Madani. "Les lipides dans la taxonomie des mycobacteries : application a l'etude de mycobacterium leprae". Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30138.
Testo completoMartinot, Amanda Jezek. "Mycobacterial Metabolic Syndrome: Triglyceride Accumulation Decreases Growth Rate and Virulence of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis". Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14226055.
Testo completoFujita, Kohei. "Association between polyclonal and mixed mycobacterial Mycobacterium avium complex infection and environmental exposure". Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188673.
Testo completoLamrabet, Otmane. "Modifications génétiques de Mycobacterium tuberculosis : interactions avec les organismes hôtes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5027/document.
Testo completoMycobacteria are mycolic-acid containing, high GC% bacterial organisms which can be recovered from soil and fresh water environments where free-living protozoa also live. Co-isolation of mycobacteria and amoeba collected from such environmental sources has been reported. Several experiments further demonstrated the ability of most environmental mycobacteria to survive in the amoebal trophozoites and cysts and in some eukaryotic cells including macrophages. Genetic modification of mycobacteria in general and mycobacteria belonging to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in particular are complicated and no studies using genetic modification of mycobacteria (pathogenic or non-pathogenic) had been performed in our laboratory prior to our work. In our thesis work, we showed that amoebae or other phagocytic organisms can serve as sources and places for gene transfers in mycobacteria. Gene transfers may have contributed to the adaptation of mycobacteria to an intracellular lifestyle. In addition, we developed two co-culture systems: Mycobacterium smegmatis-Acanthamoeba polyphaga and Mycobacterium gilvum-A. polyphaga and we clarified the spectrum of rapid-growing mycobacteria and amoeba interactions. This model of mycobacteria-amoeba interactions was then used to test another hypothesis according to which unlike the prevailing paradigm, the addition of genes does not reduce the virulence of bacteria. For the first time in our laboratory we modified two species of the M. tuberculosis complex, M. tuberculosis H37Rv and Mycobacterium bovis BCG to observe the effect of these changes on their pathogenicity and survival
Gcebe, Nomakorinte. "The occurrence and molecular characterization of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in cattle, African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and their environments in South Africa and genomic characterization and proteomic comparison with Mycobacterium bovis". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58682.
Testo completoThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
WOTRO Science for Global Development
Genomics Research Institute (GRI)
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
PhD
Unrestricted
Baron, Vincent. "Phenotypic discrimination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Raman spectroscopy". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16562.
Testo completoGuhan, N. "Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecA intein, a novel LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease, displays dual target specificity in the presence of alternative cofactors". Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2002. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/117.
Testo completoGuhan, N. "Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecA intein, a novel LAGLIDADG homing endonuclease, displays dual target specificity in the presence of alternative cofactors". Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/117.
Testo completoMichell, Stephen Lloyd. "Molecular characterisation of a novel lipoglycoprotein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7477.
Testo completoMiddleton, Andrew Mark. "The interaction of mycobacterium avium complex and mycobacterium tuberculosis with respiratory mucosa". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252107.
Testo completoMcNerney, Ruth. "Detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416621.
Testo completoCochrane, Shaun Kevern Twyman. "Antitermination in Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446584/.
Testo completoDubée, Vincent. "Stratégies d'optimisation des bêta-lactamines pour le traitement des infections dues aux mycobactéries multirésistantes". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066415.
Testo completoThe emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and the intrinsic resistance of Mycobacterium abscessus to most antibiotics require the identification of new drugs and new therapeutic strategies. Mycobacteria are naturally poorly susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics due to production of a β-lactamase and of atypical low-affinity targets, the L,D-transpeptidases, which are effectively inactivated by a single class of β-lactams, the carbapenems. The aim of the thesis is to study the mode of action of β-lactams to propose strategies for the optimization of these antibiotics. To understand the specificity of L,D-transpeptidase for carbapenems, we have studied the kinetics and mechanism of inactivation of these enzymes using various stopped-flow spectroscopic methods. Our results indicate that the efficacy of carbapenems is due to their ability to rapidly form a tetrahedral intermediate and to the stability of the acylenzyme. The specificity of the L,D-transpeptidases for carbapenems does not depend upon the side chains of the drugs, which may be modified to improve their pharmacological properties. In M. abscessus, we have shown that the β-lactamase inhibitor avibactam increases the activity of various β-lactams in vitro, intracellularly, and in zebrafish model. Our results show that β-lactams can be optimized for the treatment of infections due to multidrug-resistant mycobacteria by improving inactivation of the targets and by inhibiting the β-lactamases
Wei, Jun. "Identification and characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene that enhances mycobacterial survival within macrophages". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279898.
Testo completoSchiavo, Wesley. "Susceptibilidade antimicrobiana e tipagem molecular de Mycobacterium fortuitum isoladas de amostras clínicas de origem humana". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-01032013-093651/.
Testo completoIntroduction: The literature available on PubMed shows that there are reports of outbreaks of infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria occurred in Brazil, but there is no national data to guide empiric treatment until the susceptibility profile and identification of the species are available. No national study of significant sample of M. fortuitum nor analysis of the clonal relationship between isolates from various parts of the country. This work aims to bring contributions to the understanding of the spread of clones of M. fortuitum in Brazil, as well as the susceptibility pattern of this species in Brazil. Material and methods: We studied 121 isolates belonging to the mycobacteria collection from Fleury Medicina e Saúde, collected during the period from January 2001 to December 2010. Species identification was determined by partial sequencing of the rpoB gene, clonality was assessed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using microdilution plates RAPMYCOI. Results and conclusions: There were three clonal groups, with two present in the city of Campinas and the third in Florianopolis. We observed the persistence of the clonal group MFBRA2 in Campinas for six years. Most cases isolated in different Brazilian states belong to different clonal groups. Our data indicate that Dice\'s similarity index for identification of a M. fortuitum clonal group should be at least 98% when analyzing restriction fragments generated by XbaI. All isolates tested were susceptible to amikacin, tigecycline, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, linezolid, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which allows its use in the empirical treatment of infections caused by M. fortuitum. There was a low sensitivity to doxicycline which does not subsidize its use in empiric treatment. The rate of 89% sensitivity does not allow the empirical use of clarithromycin in the treatment of infections caused by M. fortuitum.
Wallace, Paul Andrew. "Synthesis and structure of novel lipid antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium fortuitum". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386894.
Testo completoTschiginewa, Valeria [Verfasser]. "Regulation der C-Quellenverwertung in Mycobacterium tuberculosis und Mycobacterium bovis BCG / Valeria Tschiginewa". Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076828485/34.
Testo completoTrower, Carolyn Joy 1975. "A preliminary investigation of a sialidase activity associated with M. smegmatis". Monash University, Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7646.
Testo completoPedro, Heloisa da Silveira Paro. "Pesquisa do Mycobacterium sp. em uma população soropositiva para o HIV-1 do Noroeste Paulista /". São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94865.
Testo completoBanca: Daisy Nakamura Sato
Banca: Silvia Helena Vendramine
Resumo: São José do Rio Preto (SJRP), localizada na região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil, é considerada Município prioritário pelo Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose e da AIDS. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar retrospectivamente pacientes infectados pelo HIV com pelo menos um isolamento de Mycobacterium sp., atendidos em unidades de saúde de referência de SJRP e região, bem como descrever seus aspectos clínicos e sócio-demográficos. Foram avaliados no período de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2006, 198 indivíduos soropositivos para o HIV com culturas positivas no Instituto Adolfo Lutz de SJRP. Houve uma correlação positiva entre a tuberculose e o registro de detenção (p=0.021). O uso do tabaco reduziu o tempo de vida entre o diagnóstico e o óbito (p=0.05). Houve associação entre o isolamento de M. tuberculosis (MT) e os níveis de linfócitos TCD4+ bem como o achado difuso para RX de tórax (p=0.014 e 0.000, respectivamente). Aproximadamente 11% de todas as cepas de MT mostraram resistência a pelo menos uma droga, enquanto 3.1% foram multiresistentes. Micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT) totalizaram 35.19% de todos os isolamentos e a maioria das espécies pertence ao complexo Mycobacterium avium (MAC; 22.3%), seguido por M. fortuitum (5.2%) e M.gordonae (3.1%). Conclui-se que a população HIV estudada tem alta prevalência de colonização por MNT. Em um país com extensão continental como o Brasil, o conhecimento das diferenças regionais na distribuição de MNT em populações infectadas pelo HIV pode contribuir para o controle e tratamento dessas infecções oportunistas.
Abstract: São José do Rio Preto city (SJRP), Northwestern São Paulo State, Southeast Brazil, is considered "priority" by the National Programs of Tuberculosis and AIDS Control. Our purpose was to retrospectively evaluate Mycobacterium sp. isolated from HIV-infected patients attending the HIV/TB reference health care units from SJRP and region, as well as to describe their clinical and socio-demographic aspects. One hundred and ninetyeigth HIV-seropositive individuals provided 287 positives cultures from January 2000 to December 2006. There was a positive correlation between tuberculosis and prison record (p=0.021) and tobacco use reduced the mean lifetime from tuberculosis diagnosis to obit (p = 0.05). TCD4+ levels and a diffuse chest X-ray finding were associated to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) isolation (p = 0.014 and 0.000, respectively). Approximately eleven percent of all MT strains showed resistance to at least one drug while 3.1% were multidrug resistant. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) totalized 35.19% of all species and the most frequently isolated ones were Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC; 22.3%), M. fortuitum (5.2%) and M. gordonae (3.1%). We conclude that the HIV-infected population studied has a high prevalence of NTM colonization. In a wide country like Brazil, regional differences on NTM distribution in HIV-infected individuals must be further evaluated in order to improve control and treatment of these opportunistic infections.
Mestre
Ngan, Chi-shing. "Rapid typing of mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens using PCR-based mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRU) typing". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4378334X.
Testo completoGilleron, Martine. "Structure et propriétés immunologiques de nouveaux glycolipides isolés de Mycobacterium kansasii et Mycobacterium gastri". Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU30221.
Testo completoSeloma, Ngwanamohuba Mologadi. "Wild-type minimal inhibitory concentration distributions of secondline drugs in mycobacterium tubercolosis complex clinical isolated in relation to recommended critical concentrations in Limpopo Province, South Africa". Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1712.
Testo completoThe reference phenotypic methods for Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing are qualitative and based on drug critical concentrations. Limitations include lack of standardization and variations in laboratory preparation of drug stock solutions. The recommended critical concentrations are determined by consensus and experience rather than scientific data. Consequently incorrect and inadequate susceptibility breakpoints are used and patients receive ineffective antimicrobial therapy. The determination of wild-type minimal inhibitory concentration distribution is an important tool used by European Committee for antimicrobial susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) to establish clinical breakpoints in Europe. This could be applicable in South Africa. Aim To determine wild-type minimal inhibitory concentration distributions of first and secondline drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex clinical isolates and compare these with the recommended critical concentration in Limpopo province. Methods A sample of 101 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex positive cultures were collected from National Health Laboratory Services in Polokwane (Limpopo province) and subcultured on BACTEC MGIT 960 system. The isolates were inoculated on MYCOTB MIC plates to determine the wild-type MIC distributions of first and second-line drugs. The data were compared with currently recommended critical concentrations. DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR. Genotypic drug susceptibility testing was performed using GenoType MTBDRplus version 2.0 and GenoType MTBDRsl version 2.0 for the first- and second-line drugs, respectively. Genotyping of clinical isolates was performed to determine M. tuberculosis strain families using spoligotyping. vi Results Wild-type MIC distributions range reported in this study are as follows rifampin (≤ 0.12 - 0.5 μg/μg/ml), isoniazid (≤ 0.3 - 2.00 μg/ml), rifabutin (≤ 0.12 - 0.25 μg/ml), ethionamide (≤ 0.12 - 5 μg/ml), ethambutol (≤ 0.5 - 2 μg/ml), streptomycin (≤ 0.25 - 0.5 μg/ml), paraaminosalicylic (≤ 0.5 - 4.0 μg/ml), cycloserine (≤ 2 -16 μg/ml), amikacin (≤ 0.12 - 0.5 μg/ml), kanamycin (≤ 0.6 -2.5 μg/ml), moxifloxacin (≤ 0.6 - 0.5 μg/ml), ofloxacin (≤ 0.25 - 1 μg/ml). GenoType MTBDRplus detected (n= 68, 67%) rifampin resistance (MUT 3=26, MUT 2=18, MUT 2B=8) on the rpoB gene. Isoniazid resistant (n=20, 19.8%) was detected katG MUT (n=20, 19.8%) on katG gene (S315T1). Genotypic resistance to second-line drugs determined by GenoType MTBRsl detected no mutations in (n= 98, 97%) isolates on gyrA, gyrB rrs and eis gene and (n=3, 2.9%) isolates non mycobacterium tuberculosis complex were detected. The frequency and percentage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis family strain were identified in (n= 81, 80%) of the clinical isolates which matched 18 pre-existing shared types. The results showed high genotype diversity with the Beijing strain (n= 30, 29.7%) and T family (n= 19, 18.8%) dominating. Twenty isolates (19.8%) had no shared types thus reported as orphan. Conclusion The findings obtained in this study suggest wild-type Minimal Inhibitory Concentration distributions may be considered when setting clinical breakpoints. Discordant results were observed between phenotypic and genotypic DST for rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin, rifabutin and ethambutol, suggesting that breakpoint concentrations for some drugs are set too high while others are too low. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates displayed diverse family strain with Beijing and T strain predominate breakpoints for first-line and second-line drugs used in Mycobacterium tuberculosis treatments. Poster Presentations Poster presented at faculty of Health science first annual research day on Second-line drug susceptibility breakpoints for Mycobacterium tuberculosis using MYCOTB MIC plate. University of Limpopo Tiro hall 16th to 17th September 2014. Poster presented at National Health Laboratory Service Pathology Research and Development Congress (PathReD) on Determination of families strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis circulating in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Emperors Palace 14th April-16th April 2015.
Griffiths, Patricia A. "The resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria of increasing clinical importance to chemical agents". Thesis, Aston University, 1997. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10956/.
Testo completoThegerström, Johanna. "Mycobacterium avium infections in children". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Klinisk immunologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-53786.
Testo completoAlteri, Christopher. "Novel Pili of Mycobacterium tuberculosis". Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1276%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Testo completoAbate, Getahun. "Drug resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis /". Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3833-4/.
Testo completoHo, Timothy Boon Leong. "Pathogen polymorphisms of mycobacterium tuberculosis". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399538.
Testo completoRoring, Solvig Mary Margaret. "DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium bovis". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287426.
Testo completoGurcha, Sudagar Singh. "Mannan biosynthesis in mycobacterium tuberculosis". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324798.
Testo completo