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Tesi sul tema "Muscle contraction"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 1 agosto 2024

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1

Murtada, Sae-Il. "Smooth muscle modeling activation and contraction of contractile units in smooth muscle /". Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för teknikvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11349.

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2

Baker, Brent A. "Characterization of skeletal muscle performance and morphology following acute and chronic mechanical loading paradigms". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5325.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 270 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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3

Pasquet, Benjamin. "Etude de la spécificité de la commande motrice et de sa régulation pendant différents types de contractions musculaires". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210280.

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Le but de cette dissertation doctorale était de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de contrôle tant centraux que périphériques qui sont à l’origine de la régulation neuromusculaire lors de mouvement impliquant des contractions de type excentrique. Lors d’une première étude réalisée sur le muscle jambier antérieur, nous avons montré qu’un exercice utilisant des contractions excentriques présentait une meilleure résistance à la fatigue que lorsque des contractions concentriques étaient impliquées puisque celui-ci conduit à une moindre diminution du couple de force et de l’activité électromyographique. L’absence de fatigue nerveuse centrale et l’observation d’un comportement spécifique du couple de force et de l’activité électromyographique lors de ces épreuves de fatigue semblait traduire la mise en jeu de processus périphériques différents. La plus grande fatigue observée lors de l’épreuve concentrique suggérait une activation plus importante que pour l’épreuve excentrique, dont les conséquences métaboliques renforcent les altérations du couplage excitation-contraction. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié l’effet des modifications de longueur de fascicule du muscle jambier antérieur sur le comportement spécifique des unités motrices (ordre, fréquence et seuil de recrutement) lors de contractions isométriques. Nous avons ensuite analysé le comportement d’unités motrices selon les différentes modalités de contractions (concentrique vs. excentrique) sur ce même muscle. Pour y répondre, différentes techniques d’analyse ont été utilisées dont l’enregistrement électromyographique intramusculaire et l’ultrasonographie. Enfin, nous avons cherché à analyser l’évolution des différents mécanismes de régulation d’origine périphérique et /ou central susceptible de modifier l’excitabilité du pool de motoneurone lors de contractions concentriques et excentriques. Pour y répondre, les modulations d’une part, du réflexe de Hoffmann (réflexe H) par stimulation électrique et d’autre part, celles du potentiel moteur évoqué (MEP) par stimulation magnétique transcorticale, ont été investiguées. Ces réponses ont été enregistrées à différents angles de la plage articulaires étudiée lors des contractions concentriques et excentriques, ainsi qu’aux deux extrémités angulaires lors de contraction isométriques. Notre travail indique que l’ordre de recrutement des unités motrices entre les contractions concentriques et excentriques étant identique, le système nerveux n’utilise qu’une seule et même stratégie d’activation liée à la taille des motoneurones impliqués dans ces deux types de contractions. En outre, les contractions excentriques lorsqu’elles sont réalisées à vitesse constante, sont associées à une modulation spécifique de la fréquence de décharge des unités motrices. Ce comportement diffère de celui observé lors de contractions concentriques, malgré une modification linéaire et similaire de la longueur des fascicules et du couple de force au cours de ces deux tâches. Les modulations du recrutement des unités motrices semblent davantage dépendre de la longueur musculaire tandis que les modulations de fréquence prédominent pendant les contractions en raccourcissement. Ce comportement spécifique semble dépendant de mécanismes de régulation principalement localisés au niveau spinal. Ainsi, le degré d’inhibition des afférences fusoriales affectant le pool de motoneurones du muscle tibial antérieur lors de sollicitations actives du muscle, dépend davantage de l’angle articulaire et donc de la longueur du muscle plutôt que du mode de contraction. Lors de sollicitations isométriques, le retour sensoriel Ia est principalement contrôlé au niveau présynaptique en fonction de la longueur du muscle. Lors de sollicitations concentriques et excentriques, ces mécanismes présynaptiques réguleraient l'excitabilité spinale de manière similaire entre les deux modes. Néanmoins, bien que l'inhibition présynaptique soit probablement plus marquée lors des sollicitations excentriques, ce mode de contraction semble également régulé par des mécanismes d'inhibition intervenant au niveau postsynaptique tel que l'inhibition récurrente de Renshaw. Ce mécanisme localisé au niveau postsynaptique permettrait de réguler la fréquence de pulsation des unités motrices lors de sollicitations excentriques dans le but le faciliter l'exécution du mouvement. L'originalité de notre travail a été d’étudier le comportement d’une même unité dans les deux modes de contractions alors que la méthode d’analyse généralement adoptée consistait à comparer des populations d’unités motrices entre-elles. De plus, les changements de la longueur du muscle au cours du mouvement ainsi que les vitesses de raccourcissement ou d'allongement ont été estimés à partir de la mesure directe de la longueur des fascicules musculaires. Cette dernière présente l’avantage de fournir une information de longueur et de vitesse sur la portion de muscle à partir de laquelle les enregistrements d’unités motrices ont été obtenus. Enfin, étant donné les modulations possibles tant au niveau spinal que supraspinal des mécanismes nerveux mis en jeu, il semblait important d’analyser celles-ci pendant le mouvement et aux différents angles investigués. Cette précision méthodologique a permis d'élargir la discussion concernant les possibles modifications de la balance "excitation-inhibition" lors de sollicitations excentriques, qui, jusqu’à présent, n'avaient été analysées que pour un angle articulaire donné.
Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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4

Yeung, Wai Ella, e 楊慧. "Eccentric contraction-induced injury in mammalian skeletal muscle". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29750313.

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5

Monteiro, André Antonio. "Blood flow change in human masseter muscle elicited by voluntary isometric contraction". Stockholm : Kongl. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/21700760.html.

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6

Self, Brian P. "A control model of muscle contraction". Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03022010-020135/.

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7

Lou, Fang. "A study of the contractile properties of vertebrate skeletal muscle with special reference to the force-velocity relationship and the cellular mechanisms of muscle fatigue /". Lund : Dept. of Pharmacology, University of Lund, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=zO9qAAAAMAAJ.

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8

Kawano, Yoji, Takeshi Yoshimura e Kozo Kaibuchi. "Smooth muscle contraction by small GTPase Rho". Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/5374.

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9

Wadsworth, R. M. "Regulation of contraction of arterial smooth muscle". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248764.

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10

Griffiths, R. H. ugh. "Modelling the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Contraction". Thesis, University of Kent, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499839.

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11

McSherry, Iain Neil. "Endothelial cell modulation of smooth muscle contraction". Thesis, University of Bath, 2005. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423481.

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12

潘明施 e Ming-see Angela Poon. "Modulation of cutaneous reflexes in a finger muscle during voluntary contractions". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209956.

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13

Baudry, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude de la potentialisation de post-activation et de ses implications fonctionnelles chez l'homme". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210743.

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14

Fadia, Tanvi N. "Gender differences in muscle fatigue during isometric contraction /". Connect to Online Resource-OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1187911454.

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15

Ferguson, Roisean Emily. "The regulatory domain of myosin in muscle contraction". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300319.

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16

McCloskey, Diana Teresa. "Adrenergic regulation of cardiac muscle contraction and relaxation". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324975.

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17

Mazelet, Lise. "The role of contraction in skeletal muscle development". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8960.

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The aim of this project was to determine the role of contraction in skeletal muscle development. The role of the initial spontaneous contractions observed in zebrafish embryos from 17 to 24 hours post fertilisation was examined. Genetic and pharmacologic approaches were used to study paralysis-induced disruption of skeletal muscle structure and function and subsequently determine the role of contraction. The structural and functional characteristics of developing skeletal muscles were found to be regulated by a dual mechanism of both movement-dependent and independent processes, in vivo. Novel data demonstrates that contraction controls sarcomere remodelling, namely regulation of actin length, via movement driven localisation of the actin capping protein, Tropmodulin1. Myofibril length was also shown to be linked to the mechanical passive property, stretch, with lengthening leading to an increase of the muscle’s ability to stretch. In addition, myofibril bundling and the myofilament lattice spacing, responsible for active tension generation via cross-bridge formation, were shown to be unaffected by paralysis and thus, movement-independent processes. Furthermore, the mechanism of the contraction-driven myofibril organisation pathway at the focal adhesion complexes (FAC), was shown to be different in zebrafish compared to mammals, with mechanosensing revolving around the Src protein rather than Fak. In summary, the role of contraction was established as a critical driver of myofibril organisation and passive tension in the developing zebrafish skeletal muscle. Passive tension regulates muscle function by determining its operational range ensuring that the needs of locomotion are met. Furthermore, investigation of FAC’s role in the contractiondriven myofibril organisation pathway led to the discovery of a novel function for Src in zebrafish somitogenesis. These two findings (i) that contraction is a driver of myofibril organisation and (ii) that Src is a key protein of the skeletal muscle development provides the potential for new therapeutic approaches in humans.

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18

Ford, Jonathan M. "Skeletal Muscle Contraction Simulation: A Comparison in Modeling". Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4814.

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Computer generated three-dimensional (3-D) models are being used at increasing rates in the fields of entertainment, education, research, and engineering. One of the aspects of interest includes the behavior and function of the musculoskeletal system. One such tool used by engineers is the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the physics behind muscle mechanics. There are several ways to represent 3-D muscle geometry, namely a bulk, a central line of action and a spline model. The purpose of this study is to exmine how these three representations affect the overall outcome of muscle movement. This is examined in a series of phases with Phase I using primitive geometry as a simplistic representation of muscle. Phases II and III add anatomical representations of the shoulder joint with increasing complexity. Two methods of contraction focused on an applied maximal force (Fmax) and prescribed displacement. Further analyses tested the variability of material properties as well as simulated injury scenarios. The results were compared based on displacement, von Mises stress and solve time. As expected, more complex models took longer to solve. It was also supported that applied force is a preferred method of contraction as it allows for antagonistic and synergistic interaction between muscles. The most important result found in these studies was the consistency in the levels of displacement and stress distribution across the three different 3-D representations of muscle. This stability allows for the interchangeability between the three different representations of muscles and will permit researchers to choose to use either a bulk, central line of action or a spline model. The determination of which 3-D representation to use lies in what physical phenomenon (motion, injury etc.) is being simulated.

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19

Fadia, Tanvi. "Gender Differences In Muscle Fatigue during isometric contraction". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1187911454.

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20

Rockwell, Christopher John. "Characteristics of muscle co-contraction during isometric tracking". Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09292009-020118/.

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21

Borja, da rocha Hudson. "Collective effects in muscle contraction and cellular adhesion". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX072/document.

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Deux systèmes biologiques distincts, les muscles squelettiques et les sites d'adhésion de cellules kératocytes en mouvement, sont considérés dans un même cadre en raison de la similitude profonde de leur structure et de leur fonctionnalité. La réponse passive de l'un et de l'autre peut être modélisée à l'aide d'un grand nombre d'unités multi-stables couplées par des interactions à longue portée, et exposées à un désordre spatial fixé et un bruit thermique/mécanique. Les interactions à longue portée dans de tels systèmes conduisent à une synchronisation malgré les fluctuations temporelles et spatiales. Bien que les deux systèmes biologiques considérés présentent des différences structurelles importantes, nous montrons que l'on peut identifier une structure de verre de spin sous-jacente commune. À la lumière de cette analogie, ces systèmes vivants semblent être proches de points critiques et, à cet égard, le désordre gelé, reflétant l’incommensurabilité stérique des unités parallèles, peut être fonctionnel. Un autre paramètre important fixant la réponse est la rigidité interne du système qui couple les unités entre elles
Two biological systems, a half-sarcomere of a skeletal muscle and an adhesive cluster of a crawling keratocyte, are considered in parallel because of the deep similarity in their structure and functionality. Their passive response can be modeled by a large number of multi-stable units coupled through long-range interactions, frustrated by quenched disorder and exposed to thermal noise. In such systems, long-range interactions lead to synchronization, defying temporal and spatial fluctuations. We use a mean-field description to obtain analytic results and elucidate the remarkable ensemble-dependence of the mechanical behavior of such systems in the thermodynamic limit. Despite important structural differences between muscle cross-bridges and adhesive binders, one can identify a common underlying spin glass structure, which we fully exploit in this work. Our study suggests that the muscle machinery is fine-tuned to operate near criticality, and we argue that in this respect the quenched disorder, reflecting here steric incommensuration, may be functional. We use the analogy between cell detachment and thermal fracture of disordered solids to study the statistics of fluctuations during cellular adhesion. We relate the obtained results to recent observations of intermittent behavior involved in cell debonding, also suggesting near-criticality. In addition to the study of the equilibrium properties of adhesive clusters, we also present the first results on their kinetic behavior in the presence of time-dependent loading

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22

Archer, Akibi A. A. "Two dimensional spatial coherence of skeletal muscle's natural vibrations during voluntary contractions". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42803.

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Low frequency mechanical vibrations (<100 Hz) are naturally generated by skeletal muscles during voluntary contractions. Recording of these vibrations at the muscle surface are called surface mechanomyograms (S-MMGs). In this study, S-MMGs were recorded over a 3 x 5 grid of skin mounted accelerometers on the biceps brachii muscle during submaximal voluntary isometric contractions with the arm in a pronated position for ten healthy and young male subjects with no overt sign of neuromuscular diseases. For a given pair of accelerometers, the spatial coherence of S-MMG is a measure of the similarity of the S-MMG signals propagating between those two sensors. Two common techniques to estimate the spatial coherence for narrowband S-MMG signals, namely the magnitude squared coherence function and the maximum of the time-domain cross-correlation function, were found to yield similar results. In particular, high spatial coherence values were measured for sensor pairs aligned along the proximal to distal ends of the biceps, i.e. the longitudinal direction. On the other hand, the spatial coherence values for sensor pairs oriented perpendicular to the muscle fiber, i.e. along the transverse direction, were found to be significantly lower. This finding indicates that coherent S-MMGs were mainly propagating along the muscle fibers direction (longitudinal) of the biceps brachii within a frequency band varying between 10Hz to 50Hz. Additionally, the spatial coherence of S-MMGs along the longitudinal direction was found to decrease with increasing frequency and increasing sensor separation distance and to increase with contraction level varying between 20% to 60% of the maximum contraction level.

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23

Aydin, Jan. "Skeletal muscle calcium homeostasis during fatigue : modulation by kinases and mitochondria /". Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-247-7/.

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24

Corona, Benjamin T. "Junctophilin Damage Contributes to Early Force Deficits and Excitation-Contraction Coupling Failure after Performing Eccentric Contractions". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/kin_health_diss/4.

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Junctophilins (JP1 & JP2) are expressed in skeletal muscle and are the primary proteins involved in transverse (T)-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane apposition. During the performance of eccentric contractions, the apposition of T-tubule and SR membranes may be disrupted, resulting in excitation-contraction (EC) coupling failure and thus reduced force-producing capacity. In this study, we made three primary observations: 1) Through the first three days after the performance of 50 eccentric contractions in vivo by the left hindlimb anterior crural muscles of female mice, both JP1 and JP2 were significantly reduced by ~50 and 35%, respectively, while no reductions were observed after the performance of non-fatiguing concentric contractions; 2) following the performance of a repeated bout 50 eccentric contractions in vivo, only JP1 was immediately reduced (~30%) but recovered by 3d post-injury in tandem with the recovery of strength and EC coupling; and 3) following the performance of 10 eccentric contractions at either 15 or 35˚C by isolated mouse EDL muscle, isometric force, EC coupling, and JP1 and JP2 were only reduced after the 35˚C eccentric contractions. Regression analysis of JP1 and JP2 content in TA and EDL muscles from each set of experiments indicated that JP damage is significantly associated with early (0 – 3d) strength deficits after performing eccentric contractions (R = 0.49; P < 0.001). As a whole, the results of this study indicate that JP damage plays in role in early force deficits due to EC coupling failure following the performance of eccentric contractions.

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25

Spencer, C. I. "Chemomechanical coupling in skeletal muscle". Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383710.

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26

Sköld, Camilla. "Spasticity : an elusive problem after spinal cord injury /". Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4607-8/.

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27

Hodges, Paul William. "Neuromechanical control of the spine /". Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-552-2/.

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28

Bishop, Derron L. "Alterations in Z-line thickness following fast motoneuron transplantation onto slow twitch skeletal muscle fibers". Virtual Press, 1995. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/935926.

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Differentiation of skeletal muscle fibers into fast and slow twitch appears to be under control of the stimulation pattern imparted by motoneurons innervating these muscle fibers. Fast twitch muscle fibers receive intense stimulation for brief periods of time while slow twitch muscle fibers receive less intense stimulation for much longer periods of time. This study examined thickness of Zlines in dually innervated skeletal muscle fibers of slow twitch soleus muscle following transplantation of the fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) nerve onto the surface of the soleus. Eight individual dually innervated fibers were dissected from four transplanted mouse soleus muscles and examined with a transmission electron microscope. Z-lines in these dually innervated fibers were thinner (mean = 83 nm) than control soleus (mean = 123 nm) and thicker than control EDL (mean = 57 nm). A significant difference (p< .002) was also found between Z-line thickness near the foreign EDL endplate (mean = 81 nm) versus the original soleus endplate (mean = 85 nm). These results suggest the factors controlling protein synthesis in skeletal muscle fibers have both a global and localized effect.
Department of Physiology and Health Science

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29

HOWARD, JAMES DAVID. "CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL FACTORS UNDERLYING BILATERAL INHIBITION DURING MAXIMAL EFFORTS". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184067.

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It has been shown that maximal, bilateral efforts result in both a force and EMG deficit when compared to maximal, unilateral activation of the same musculature. It is unclear whether this deficit is the result of interactions of central or peripheral origin. The first aim study investigated the bilateral performance index (BPI (%) = [100 x bilateral force/(right unilateral + left unilateral forces)] - 100) for maximal, isometric, extensor torques about the knee joint in three groups of subjects: untrained (never lifted weights), cyclists (leg musculature trained reciprocally), and weightlifters (legs trained bilaterally). The BPI for the weightlifters (+7.0 ± 5.0%) was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than the BPI of the cyclists (-4.0 ± 6.3%) or the untrained subjects (-9.7 ± 5.2%). These results indicate that the inhibitory mechanisms previously proposed to act during bilateral efforts are inadequate, and that excitatory factors must be present to achieve a BPI > 0. The second aim study showed that the BPI can be altered as a result of three weeks of bilateral isometric strength training. The BPI's for the control and unilateral training groups were not significantly different pre- to posttraining. However, the BPI of the bilateral training group increased significantly (p < 0.05) from -3.7 ± 6.9% prior to training, to +4.2 ± 4.4% after training. These findings indicate that bilateral strength training can alter the relationship between unilateral and bilateral force output. The third aim study demonstrated that subjects with a positive BPI (+6.8 ± 4.3%) responded differently to an afferent perturbation (electrical stimulation) than subjects with a negative BPI (-10.0 ± 5.2%). The negative BPI group showed a 5.7 ± 3.4% facilitation in force during contralateral electrical stimulation. This was significantly (p < 0.05) less than the 16.5 ± 7.5% facilitation shown by the positive BPI group. These results indicate that afferent feedback can alter the force output in the contralateral limb, and may thereby play a role in unilateral-bilateral force differences.

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30

Lutjemeier, Barbara June. "Control of muscle blood flow during dynamic exercise : muscle contraction / blood flow interactions". Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/244.

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31

McGlynn, Fraser Gillies. "Muscle stiffness and soreness following exercise". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14820.

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It is in the best interests of sportsmen and sportswomen to try to avoid muscle stiffness and soreness. Apart from the discomfort experienced, muscle stiffness and soreness can cause unnecessary interruptions to training, may lead to injury and will reduce performance. Changes in muscle tone were quantified in terms of the Resonant Frequency (squared) (RF2) and the Amplitude of Movement (AM) in response to an applied torque. Muscle soreness was measured at twelve sites on the arm. Study One investigated the effects of a single bout of eccentric exercise on muscle stiffness and muscle soreness. RF2 increased and AM decreased following exercise and reached a maximum and minimum, respectively, 24-48 hours post exercise (p < 0.01). Muscle soreness also reached a peak 24-48 hours post-exercise (p < 0.01). Greatest soreness was in the biceps brachii and in the proximal ends of the brachioradialis and the flexor carpi radialis (p < 0.01). Voluntary extension was more painful than voluntary flexion following eccentric exercise. Study Two investigated the effect of performing two subsequent exercise bouts (EX1 and EX2), each separated by six days and an adaptation was observed. Each of the variables measured (RF2, AM, Soreness, Creatine Kinase, Limb Girth) showed a reduced response following EX2 when compared to the results of EX1 (p < 0.01). The resting angle of elbow flexion appeared to decrease following exercise. Study Three investigated the effect of muscle soreness on motor performance. The ability to perform a simple perception test was not affected while suffering from muscle soreness. The eccentric exercise is thought to cause damage to the connective tissue and muscle cell membrane leading to a build-up of fluid around the joint. This increased edema may explain the increase in muscle stiffness observed. Further research is required to determine whether changes in muscle tone are also observed following isometric and concentric exercise.

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32

Park, Hyunguk. "Noncovalent Crosslinking of SH1 and SH2 to Detect Dynamic Flexibility of the SH1 Helix". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5844/.

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In this experiment, fluorescent N- (1-pyrenyl) iodoacetamide modified the two reactive thiols, SH1 (Cys 707) and SH2 (Cys 697) on myosin to detect SH1-SH2 a -helix melting. The excimer forming property of pyrene is well suited to monitor the dynamics of the SH1 and SH2 helix melting, since the excimer should only form during the melted state. Decreased anisotropy of the excimer relative to the monomeric pyrene fluorescence is consistent with the disordering of the melted SH1-SH2 region in the atomic model. Furthermore, nucleotide analogs induced changes in the anisotropy of the excimer, suggesting that the nucleotide site modulates the flexibility of SH1-SH2 region.

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33

Sandström, Marie. "Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle during and after contraction /". Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-969-6/.

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34

Gomez, Maria. "Calcium channel activity and force regulation in smooth muscle effects of polyamines and growth stimulation /". Lund : Lund University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68945015.html.

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35

Smith, Christopher W. J. "Thin filament linked regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/38162.

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36

Ma, Yiqing. "The energetics of smooth muscle contraction in allergic bronchospasm". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32171.pdf.

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37

Heger, Max. "Ultrasound Based Localization and Quantification of Skeletal Muscle Contraction". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for teknisk kybernetikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26099.

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Abstract (sommario):

Earlier experiments indicates that motor unit activity during isometric contractions can be imaged using a high-definition ultrasound scanner. In this study, ultrasound raw-data is analysed in MATLAB to localize and quantify the signal contributions from individual motor units during a muscle twitch. It is believed that imaging of mechanical response of contracting muscles can contribute to a more explicit study of muscle physiology and a more dexterous method for prosthetic control.Two different experiments were executed during this study, one for determining the time delay between ECG electrode and ultrasound response and one for imaging muscle activity during an isometric contraction. Both test setups consisted of a GE-Vingmed Vivid E9 ultrasound scanner and an ML6-15 linear probe, where the scans were executed by using "Strain rate"-mode in the test option "Msc TVI" with a frequency of 15MHz, which resulted in frame rates between 120 and 220, depending on the depth of the scan. To determine the time delay, an ECG electrode was connected to the probe and then submerged in a bucket filled with water and the last two ECG electrodes, where the time delay between the two responses were measured in MATLAB. To image muscle activity in a sequence of ultrasound strain rate images, the probe were placed in a clamped and fixed position over the biceps, giving images perpendicular to muscle fibers. Scans of isometric muscle contractions were recorded, with ECG electrodes placed on each side of the probe to detect associated motor unit action potentials.The measurements of the time delay between EMG and ultrasound response shows that there are an expected time delay between 6.68ms and 15.38ms, depending on the propagation velocity of the motor unit action potentials. This indicates that motor unit activity can be captured in ultrasound strain rate image sequences. Motor unit behaviour in strain rate image sequences can be used for locating individual motor units, but this method struggles to identify overlapping motor units as individual. It was found that PCA for feature extraction in combination with a cluster based classification algorithm would be a more robust and time-saving method for localization of individual motor units.

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38

Totten, M. I. J. "Physiological and molecular studies on muscle contraction in flatworms". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269142.

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39

Masters, Jonathan Grenville. "Sources of calcium involved in detrusor smooth muscle contraction". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312030.

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40

Brennan, Hugh. "Bradykinin induced contraction of human gallbladder muscle in vitro". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403747.

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41

Elliott-Pearce, Ruth Ann. "The effect of drugs on isolated detrusor muscle contraction". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34339.

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Abstract (sommario):

Detrusor instability is the commonest type of urinary incontinence in the elderly and is present in up to 50% of patients attending continence clinics. Treatment of this condition, aimed at reducing uncontrollable detrusor contractions, is at present unsatisfactory. For example, calcium antagonists are cliniclly disappointing and studies were carried out to investigate why they are ineffective. Rats were treated with nimodipine for 8 days or with a single dose. Treatment for 8 days had no effect on isolated detrasor contraction but a single dose reduced detrasor contractile response. It is propossed that chronic treatment with nimodipine caused an up-regulation of calcium channels as a compensatory mechanism. Oestrogens have been shown to have an inhibitory effect on detrusor muscle contraction after in vitro and in vivo treatment. In post-menopausal women with a uterus unopposed oestrogens should not be given, but progesterone has anti-oestrogenic actions. When rats were treated with oestrogen and progesterone for 8 days, there was no effect on rat detrasor contractile response. An anti-oestrogenic effect of progesterone has therefore been demonstrated in rat detrusor smooth muscle. Caffeine has been shown to increase detrasor pressme on bladder filling in patients with detrusor instability. The effect of low concentrations of caffeine on the contractile response of isolated human and rat detrusor muscle was therefore determined. Caffeine was found to have only a slight potentiating effect on isolated human and rat detruosr muscle contraction. The results in this thesis have important clinical imphcations for the treatment of detrusor instability. It may be more effective to administer calcium antagonists in an intermittent manner. Oestrogens are better given alone or with the lowest possible dose of progestogens. Caffeine would not be contraindicated in patients with detrusor instability.

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42

Schuster, Joseph M. "The contribution of titin to striated muscle shortening". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5758.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. "December 2008" Includes bibliographical references.

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43

Korte, F. Steven. "Thick filament regulation of myocardial contraction". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4383.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "August 2006" Includes bibliographical references.

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44

Stewart, Alexander. "Reflections from muscle : an x-ray diffraction study". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334921.

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45

de, Freitas Fatima Pestana. "The Importance of Fast Skeletal Regulatory Light Chain in Muscle Contraction". Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/97.

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Abstract (sommario):

The aim of this project was to produce and study a murine homozygous knock-in model containing a fast skeletal regulatory light chain (RLC) containing a Asp49toAla point mutation. The D49A mutation is in the functional calcium binding loop of RLC, which is believed to modulate muscle contraction in striated muscle. To introduce the mutation, a reversible knock-out/knock-in system was employed. The Cre/Lox-P strategy was used to conditionally knock-in the RLC D49A mutation. The generation of the knock-in mouse was attempted with two different breeding strategies consisting of two Cre mouse lines with differential expression patterns during development. The proposed animal was never produced because the RLC knock-out recombination event introduced a splicing error resulting in a stop codon in intron 2. Extensive DNA, RNA and protein analysis as well as histological, gross morphology and muscle physiology studies obtained from the animals of the two breeding strategies lead to the identification of the splicing error. Evidence for this outcome is presented. A recommendation for a different strategy in future studies is included.

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46

Crowther, Gregory John. "An analysis of metabolic fluxes in contracting human skeletal muscle /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10538.

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47

Dykes, Ava Caudill. "Diverse roles of PKC[alpha] in vascular smooth muscle contraction". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2006. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=680.

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Abstract (sommario):

Theses (Ph. D.)--Marshall University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains xiii, 122 p. including illustrations. Bibliography: Chap.I. p.28-33; Chap. II. p. 82-86; Chap. III p.115-116.

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48

Chamunorwa, Joseph Panashe. "Trasnmural differences in control of contraction in rabbit ventricular muscle". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320502.

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49

Rahnert, Jill Anne. "Mechanical and metabolic stresses contribute to high force contraction signaling". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43636.

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Abstract (sommario):

Force production by a muscle is critical to maintaining proper function and overall health of a human or animal. Muscle adapts to increased loading with hypertrophy by activating a number of intracellular signaling cascades that regulate protein synthesis. The overall hypothesis is that force-dependent processes acutely activate growth-related signaling during active force generation. This project took two approaches. The first employed a general survey of muscles in which age-dependent changes in muscle activity differed. No conclusive activity-dependent signaling emerged however coordinated signaling among kinases broke down with age. The second approach utilized an in situ muscle preparation in which force production or metabolic costs were specifically controlled. Similar sub-maximal force levels generated by different methods found that force, per se, is not a primary modulator of growth-related signaling but that ERK phosphorylation is dependent on fiber-activation. Prolonging the duration of electrical stimulation applied to the nerve or increasing the frequency at which stimulations are applied was expected to increase the metabolic stress associated with contraction. Several growth-related kinases correlated with markers of metabolic stress, i.e. increased AMPK activity and decreased glycogen content, which were decoupled from force decline. This suggests energy depletion, specific to stimulation pattern, strongly influences the immediate response to high force contraction signaling. The overall conclusion is that signaling molecules previously implicated in force-dependent signaling lie much too downstream to relay strict force-dependent signaling.

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50

Plaskett, Carrie Joanna. "Caffeine increases endurance and attenuates force sensation during submaximal isometric contractions". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ59549.pdf.

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