Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Municipal motor equipment"

The mechanical equipments driven by induction motor are widely used in manufacturing. Aiming at this type of equipment, some holes are advisedly drilled on the bars to simulate the broken bar faults of the motor, and with on-off loads changes of output circuit of the load generator, forced torsional vibration of rotor was generated. Using the above simulation test ways, the typical faults of motor and its driven equipment are tested and analyzed. In addition, an signal analysis method using Hilbert conversion envelope spectrum and real modulation zoom envelope spectrum is proposed, this method can effectively extract the faults information of stator current, reject the useless power frequency. The experimental results indicate that: this method can identify not only the faults of the motor itself, but also municipal fault types of the motor’s driven equipment. Especially, through the contrastive experiments on the unbalance and the torsional vibration of the rotor, the conclusion is made that the method is more sensitive to torsional vibration detection. Also, it develops a new direction for the application and the research of sensorless detection and diagnosis method.

AbstractThe technologies for trenchless execution of mini and microtunnels for an installation of municipal infrastructure in urbanized sites, used at present, are described in the article. The emphasis is laid on uncontrolled methods, in the case of the diameters of installations which do not exceed 200-250 mm and their length not bigger than 30-40 m. Some issues connected with making the installations of this type, using conventional methods, are also presented. A conception of equipment (ground rocket) for an trenchless execution of short-distance microtunnels of the diameter up to 200 mm and the length up to 30 m with an innovative electric drive, developed at the Department of Machinery Engineering and Transport of the AGH in Cracow as an alternative for the solutions applied nowadays, is described. An electric linear motor, whose conception is presented in the article, was installed in the head of the device. The goal of these works was possibility of using new solution of ground rocket without additional equipments for pneumatic supply with compressed air. New concept of proposed ground rocket can be used with feeding directly from the domestic electric network. The device is intended for execution of installation in incoherent and low-compact ground.

In Ukraine today there are more than 6000 boiler plants with a heating capacity of up to 1 Gcal/h with an efficiency of about 70 %, requiring replacement or modernization, 40 % of boilers are operated with an efficiency of less than 82 %, about 11000 boilers with a capacity of 100 kW to 1 MW have been in operation for over 20 years. Although the part of these boilers in the municipal heat power system of Ukraine does not exceed 14 %, the projected savings in natural fuel in these boilers is more than 130 million cubic meters per year. Thus, increasing the efficiency of the fuel combustion process in small and medium power boilers is an urgent task at the present time. The article presents the results of creating a method and hardware that implements it, to increase the speed and reliability of monitoring the process of fuel combustion in boiler units based on measuring the concentration of residual oxygen in exhaust gases. The developed method is implemented by stepwise correction of the ratio of the air-fuel mixture entering to the furnace of the boiler for combustion, according to feedback signals from a broadband oxygen sensor manufactured by Bosch, located in the outgoing channel. The air-fuel ratio control with automatic adjustment of the blower fan speed depending on the amount of fossil fuel supplied for combustion ensures low-toxic combustion of fuel with low emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, and high efficiency. Additional use of a variable frequency drive in the combustion control system allows to reduce energy consumption by 30-40 %, eliminate starting currents and motor overloads, reduce mechanical wear of equipment, increase the service life of contact switching equipment. In general, the developed fuel combustion control system allows to optimize the fuel combustion mode, taking into account the actual conditions, operating modes of the boiler unit and fuel characteristics; to reduce specific fuel consumption by at least 10%; to reduce the level of emissions of nitrogen oxides up to 40 % and carbon monoxide up to 50 %; to increase the efficiency by at least 5 %; qualitatively to simplify the work of the boiler maintenance personnel.

The importance of mobility in Canada’s history can hardly be overstated. The built waterways, railways, and roadways that allowed for the movement of peoples, goods, and ideas within the country have long been considered cultural icons conveying collective ideas of Canadian identity. Yet, little has been written on the history of the modern construction machines that made this mobility infrastructure possible after Confederation, along with their designers, manufacturers, and operators. This article helps fill that gap by examining the technological development, manufacturing, and commercialization of earthmoving equipment in Canada (especially Ontario) in the 1860s–1920s, a period of great construction activity, including two of the world’s largest civil engineering and earthmoving projects and one of the fastest-expanding road networks in North America. It discusses the role of the federal, provincial, and municipal governments in developing, adopting, and disseminating this technology, and their ultimate reliance on American manufacturers despite the National Policy’s protectionism. This article supports the argument that technological development in Canada during the Second Industrial Revolution was continentally integrated in ways that involved technological dialogue with American companies, associations, and publications. While this manufacturing sector became dominated by American corporations by the First World War, the extent to and manner by which that happened varied depending on the type of machinery and the construction sectors in which they were used. The technological transition from steam-powered machines to electric, gasoline, and diesel motors and how it impacted Canadian manufacturers are also discussed.

For today there is a number of undecided issues on collection and transportation of waste inSaint-Petersburg and North-Western Region of Russian Federation, For modernization of awhole cycle of waste handling from the stages of collection, sorting and transportation tillwaste treatment, storage and burial, it has been conducted by enterprises and scientists ofSaint-Petersburg a range of works directed to raising efficiency of these processes andmodernization of existing equipment When developing sorting refuse at the reloadingstations, in particular it is planned to switch from primitive manual sorting to mechanic tools.There are being carried out the works on improving and development of new machinery andcontainers, in particular on designing new types of containers (compactors), on equippingtransport by navigation systems etc. Now there is being created at the enterprise "Spetstrans"the car for service of Saint-Petersburg Center as a district of low buildings. The specialattention by the specialists of motor transportation enterprises No 1 and No6 is paid to tum todouble-stage method of waste removal with using waste reloading stations, to designingvarious technological equipment for compacting and pressing waste. And it is very importantbecause through reloading stations passes up till 50% of registered waste general volume.There are established 16 presses with compression coefficient from 4 till 8 at the reloadingstations. So, the enterprises are interested themselves in raising manufacturability of process,development of new mechanisms and equipment, in introducing of computers and automatedsystems to the process because a concurrence for waste treatment is raised lately. This fact isnecessary to take into account when planning the capacities designed for construction in theplanned period.This presentation is just devoted to analysis of enumerated problems and ways of theirsolving.

Now reduced share of industrial waste in comparison with the 80s is obvious in Russia Simultaneously, share ofmunicipal waste increases. A rather high part of industrial waste is used for recycling, but in the same time recycling for municipal waste is seldom. A few wastes are used for energy production. It concerns both municipal and wooden waste. The only one exception is pulp and paper mills. The most part of municipal waste is disposed in landfills and dumps including illegal ones. Waste treatment plants including incineration ones are only in several big cities (Moscow, St Petersburg, Samara). These plants are based on rather old technologies, as a rule. The main reason of such situation is absence at national and regional levels of a necessary legislation base that stimulates more effective waste treatment in Russia. In particularly, there is no a well-developed policy in renewable energy resources. Too low prices for gas are also prevention for introducing waste in energy production. Administrative decisions without economic measures are the most common method of management. It needs to use methods of project management in this sphere. There is a serious problem of absence of qualified experts. Thus it is necessary educational and training programs that include all topics of solid waste treatment. For this purpose it should be better to cooperate with the EU countries. It will give possibility to use European experience for Russia. Besides it can give possibility to use Russian technological inventions for other countries. It needs to develop a legislative initiative for separate collection of waste. Legislation that should stimulate private business activity in solid waste treatment is necessary also. It is desirably to make correction of Russian rules in waste treatment for more harmonization with rules of the EU. Now the amount and a variety of solid wastes in Russian cities and settlements is promptly growing. In spite of the fact that the amount of industrial waste in comparison with the 80's has considerably decreased, there is an appreciable increase of the amount of municipal waste. It is necessary to mean, that the significant part of industrial waste is exposed to processing, first recycling (metals, pulp-and-paper production, glass, plastics). In the same time recycling for municipal waste is developed rather poor. This situation is caused by several factors: After the beginning of market reforms in Russia the sector of trade in which modem methods of good packing began to develop very fast. It has resulted in the sharp increase of wastes, containing paper, plastic, cardboard, and glass. In the Soviet period circulation of glass packing (bottles, cans) was rather good due to a well-developed enough infrastructure and used methods of economic incentives for circulation (first on the base of a high mortgaging price). Thus the significant part of returned packing intended for a reuse. For example, glass bottles for milk were used on the average 9 - IO times. Measures of incentives for the population for recycling pulp-and-paper production were also developed. Collecting food waste for use as additives in forage to cattle was carried out. However last years big reducing of glass share and growth of plastic packing one happened changes. Packing in aluminum cans has appeared. Meanwhile, however, as a rule, glass receptacle did not be used repeatedly, and its collecting as a base for manufacture of new receptacle economically does not be stimulated. At the same time there is a certain interest to collecting aluminum cans that is connected to rather high prices for an aluminum waste. Unfortunately, because of backwardness of the infrastructure for collecting metal waste in the municipal sector a process of this collecting is sometimes rather criminal. Besides collectors is mostly the poorest part of the population. Simultaneously the amount of home electronic and electric devices ( computers, communication devices, household devices: refrigerators, TVs, radio sets, audio and video recorders and types) increases considerably with improvement of well-being of the population. Stable growth of the number of cars is observed. Revival of the construction industry promotes expansion of the list of used materials. Thus practice of application of rather dangerous materials (asbestos, PVC) is kept unfortunate] y. Food reduces are not allocated in the separate group now at collecting though use of old Soviet principles would allow to collect organic waste products for composting. These are 30-40 percents from all weight of waste, thus it would be possible to receive the ground for use in a garden facilities and in landscape gardening construction Collecting and transportation of solid waste products Russia By the present moment a basic scheme of collecting and transportation of solid waste did not change, except the increase of a number of the non-authorized dumps. City dwellers collect household waste within the limits of their apartments in waste cans, dust from which then is moved to municipal containers, which are located in courtyards. Many houses are equipped with refuse chutes from which solid waste also is got to municipal containers located in special spaces in the ground floor. Special machines come under certain schedules to transport the filled waste containers to special polygons (landfills) or incineration plants. The locations of municipal containers and clearing units of refuse chutes are mostly in unsatisfactory sanitary conditions, being a source of numerous rats and cockroaches. Offices of firms and administrative establishments have contracts with specialized transport agencies for transportation of solid waste. The vehicles belonging to specialized motor-vehicle pools, as a rule, are equipped with hydraulic elevating adaptations to lift municipal containers. However they are not completed with the equipment of dust densification in containers. The collected waste is overloaded to big volume containers in the overload points and then is transported by special transport to places of landfilling or processing. Vehicles of the specialized motor-vehicle pools are worn strongly out, as the majority of them were acquired in 1980th years. Probably, soon they will require repair or even to replacement. The account of transported dust is made according to volume of containers, instead of weight of contents that conducts to overestimate costs of the companies - carriers. Separate collecting of waste in initial stage of collecting remains while only at a level of projects and experiments. Thus, non-selected solid waste is delivered to places of landfilling or processing. Really, partial separating of collected waste is made directly in processing plants. For this purpose a special conveyor is used where workers take off some sorts of waste materials for further recycling.

Biomass, in addition to being used for heating purposes in households, is increasingly used for the production of electricity, as well as liquid fuels for motor vehicles. Similar to other renewable resources, the analysis of the possibility of using biomass (theoretical, technical and economic potential) should include a systematic analysis of available potentials and technologies, as well as economic parameters related to its price (biomass as raw material), the price of energy obtained from biomass (effectiveness of applied technology of transformation of primary into useful form of energy) and competitiveness in relation to other energy sources (static and dynamic economic-financial parameters). As there are different techniques and methodologies for estimating the potential of biomass, it is possible to significantly deviate from the obtained results in the estimated quantities, so it is necessary to further analyze the acceptability of the error in the assessment. The biggest obstacle in the use of biomass as an energy source for industrial purposes for energy production is the lack of a fuel cycle of a chaos system of processes, technologies and equipment that allow fuel from its natural state (primary form of fuel) to be prepared and brought into a usable state (usable forms of energy). The process of formation and development of the fuel cycle for biomass is further complicated by the diversity of forms and properties of biomass, its wide distribution and low energy concentration, as well as its seasonal character. The potential of biomass in the territory of Republic of Srpska comes from various production activities (residues from field, fruit, vineyard, livestock and forestry production, as well as municipal waste). Farming and animal husbandry have a long tradition among farmers in the Republic of Srpska, as well as fruit, vineyard and forestry production. The structure and quantities of communal waste depend on housing density, economic and communal activities, cultural habits and social environment. Biomass as an energy source is available in the form of waste from forestry and wood processing (waste wood from forestry, sawdust, bark, construction waste, wood packaging, plant residues from fruit production, plant residues from agricultural production - straw, corn, etc.), plantation of energy crops (energy cereals, fast-growing energy tree plantations, sugar-rich plants, oilseeds, etc.), as well as organic waste. The process of conversion of biomass into energy is most often observed from the thermal, i.e., thermo-chemical, biological or physic-chemical process. Within this chapter, an overview of the state and directions of development of technologies for the conversion of biomass as an energy source into a useful form of energy (primarily into electricity and heat) is given. Each method of energy production used, including methods that use biomass as fuel, has its advantages and disadvantages. Special emphasis was given to overcoming significant shortcomings in the use of biomass as an energy resource, as well as its impact on covering the total consumption of electricity and heat and technological steam in industrial plants, as well as consumption as biofuels in transport technology. A special segment is given to the impact of biomass as an energy source on environmental protection, as well as on the conditions that need to be provided in order to achieve CO2 neutrality. Also, the sustainability of each of the methods for the transformation of biomass into a useful form of energy was analyzed.

This energy study is developed within a wastewater treatment plant by aerated lagoons, where a series of problems such as activation of temperature protections, phase loss and thermal protections are presented. When analyzing the electrical installation and the constitution of each motor, the hypothesis of a possible presence of harmonics outside the established ranges that are producing distortion and increase of the voltage and current signal, as well as a possible resonance, was raised. For this reason, it is intended to carry out an Electrical energy quality analysis in electrical machines of the PTAR de Aguas del Municipio de Durango, through specialized equipment and based on international standards. The power quality analysis contemplates the analysis of: voltage, current, individual harmonic content, THDv, THDi. The methodology proposed by Dugan, McGranaghan, Santoso, & Beaty (2004) and the performance of energy diagnoses according to what was established by Sifuentes et al (2016) were used. As a result, the confirmation of the hypothesis is obtained where the motor that contains power electronics is a source of harmonics that are amplified by the capacitor bank.

Users with motor disabilities who are bedridden or in wheelchairs depend on the assistance of third parties to perform routine mobility movements through transport and/or transfer actions. This generates physical wear and tear on the assistant and the risk of injury or lumbar disease that may even lead him/her to stop assisting the patient. This article presents the development of a low-cost semi-automatic patient lift vehicle for bedridden or wheelchair-bound people with reduced mobility. The equipment was designed and built using specialized manufacturing techniques and mechatronic methodologies to provide operational stability and mechanical control of the equipment's linear travel and lifting movements. The designs of the equipment were obtained using Solidworks®. The semi-automatic patient lift vehicle support structure was manufactured based on dimensions declared on ISO 10535 standard and using readily available materials of proven resistance, considering a mobile structure composed of a wheeled base, a mast and an ergonomic pendant were attached to several stability points. A mechatronic remote-control system was developed using an Arduino® UNO electronic board with its respective programming platform. The remote-control interface was developed using the App Inventor® application and by means of a mobile device the up and down control of the patients in the proposed prototype was achieved. Design and prototype construction allows and adequate lifting and transport of patients with no difference on age, height, weight and gender due to the statistical analysis applied determined that design of semi-automatic patient lift vehicle is adequate to accomplish the purpose of patient lifting indistinctly of weight, height and route type. Nevertheless, improvements must be done as a future work in order to have a better prototype considering the handling of the caregiver person for the operation. The semi-automatic patient lift vehicle was put into operation directly in public social assistance centers (DIF Municipal and Centro de Atención Múltiple VIII) located in Pabellón de Arteaga City, Aguascalientes, Mexico.