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Aroche Reyes, Fidel. "ESTRUCTURA PRODUCTIVA Y CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO EN MÉXICO: UNA PERSPECTIVA MULTISECTORIAL". Investigación Económica 78, n. 309 (25 giugno 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fe.01851667p.2019.309.70117.
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<p>La economía mexicana ha registrado cuatro décadas de lento crecimiento; no obstante, es razonable esperar que su estructura productiva haya cambiado en ese largo horizonte temporal como resultado del cambio técnico incorporado o de las políticas económicas centradas en la integración con la economía de Estados Unidos, entre otras causas. De acuerdo con la llamada “ley Kaldor-Verdoorn”, el crecimiento de la economía se explica por el comportamiento del producto y la productividad en el sector manufacturero. Luego, se deduce que este sector ha perdido la capacidad de generar crecimiento. En este artículo se examina esta hipótesis desde una perspectiva estructural y desde la de esa ley, estimando también los multiplicadores del producto al modo de Miyazawa.</p><p> </p><p align="center">PRODUCTIVE STRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN MEXICO: A MULTISECTORAL PERSPECTIVE</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p>The Mexican economy has shown four decades of slow growth; still it would be reasonable to expect changes in its productive structure along such a long period of time considered, as a result either of the embodied technical change or as a result of the economic policies, that have sought the integration with the US economy, among other causes. According to the so called “Kaldor-Verdoorn law”, growth is explained by the behaviour of both output and the manufacturing productivity; hence, in Mexico this sector must have lost its ability to induce growth in the economy as a whole. This paper examines such hypothesis from a structural perspective, considering such law, estimating also the output multipliers <em>á la mode</em> de Miyazawa.
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ZHALILO, Yaroslav, e Svitlana KOVALIVSKA. "Realization of Sustainable Development Goals as the basis of spatial and regional development integration". Fìnansi Ukraïni 2020, n. 9 (11 dicembre 2020): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2020.09.009.
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The measures of Sustainable development goals’ (SDGs) integration into spatial development have been studied. The authors prove that growth of communities’ role in the realization of SDGs enforces the importance of this process’ strateging at the local level. Transition to the stage of sectorial decentralization promotes the capacity of communities to imply the synthetic (multisectorial) framework of SDGs realization. The article shows that SDGs Agenda implementation not only joins the local level stakeholders, but also can form the landmarks to determine priority directions and targeted indicators in the strategic planning of development and gives an opportunity to reach the synergy of spatial development at the levels of region and country as a whole. Also the role of SDGs realization in the establishment of community-level local identity has been mentioned. This identity forms the local social capital as the basis for partnerships of stakeholders of spatial development.
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Wondimagegne, Yohanness Addisu, Gurmesa Tura Debelew e Zewdie Birhanu Koricha. "Barriers to contraceptive use among secondary school adolescents in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia: a formative qualitative study". BMJ Open 13, n. 3 (marzo 2023): e060582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060582.
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ObjectiveTo assess barriers to contraceptive use among secondary school adolescents in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia, in 2021.DesignA grounded theory approach to the qualitative study was conducted between December 2020 and April 2021 in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia.SettingThe study was conducted in two urban and four rural schools, in Gedeo zone; Gedeo zone is one of the 14 zones in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia.ParticipantsThe study involved 24 in-depth interviews with secondary school adolescents and 28 key informants. The interviews were conducted with students, school counsellors, Kebele youth association coordinators, zonal child, adolescent, and youth officers, health workers, and non-governmental organisation workers.ResultsThe findings were organised into four major themes that influence contraceptive use; these include; (1) Individual-related barriers such as knowledge, fear and psychosocial development. (2) Community-related barriers encompass fear of rumours, family pressure, social and cultural norms, economic vulnerability, and religious beliefs. (3) Health service-related barriers include the lack of adolescent-responsive health services, health workers' behaviour, and fear of health workers. Furthermore, (4) The school and service integration barrier was identified.ConclusionsAdolescents' contraceptive use was affected by various barriers ranging from individual to multisectorial levels. Adolescents note various barriers to using contraception and that, without contraception, sexual activity can lead to an increased risk for unintended pregnancy and its associated health risks.
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Bach, Ashley, Erin Gregor, Shela Sridhar, Habtamu Fekadu e Wafaie Fawzi. "Multisectoral Integration of Nutrition, Health, and Agriculture: Implementation Lessons From Ethiopia". Food and Nutrition Bulletin 41, n. 2 (13 marzo 2020): 275–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572119895097.
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Background: The Government of Ethiopia and development partners have invested heavily in nutrition through multisectoral nutrition programs and the recently announced Food and Nutrition Policy. By making nutrition a political priority, the government has enabled multisectoral collaboration. Objective: To trace the development of multisectoral nutrition policy in Ethiopia and identify lessons learned from implementation. Methods: We utilize the literature and stakeholder interviews across government ministries, donors, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to analyze Ethiopia’s progress toward multisectoral nutrition governance through 5 lenses: coordination and structural accountability, political commitment, financing, human resources, and data monitoring and transparency. Results: Despite significant progress, coordination and structural accountability for nutrition activities and outcomes across and within sectors remain challenges. While political will is strong, financing is often insufficient. Ethiopia has a shortage of nutrition policy makers and experts but is investing in education to close this gap. Finally, wider sharing of data across ministries and partners would enable enhanced feedback and improvement upon existing programs. Several lessons are notable for policy makers and partners: (1) making nutrition a national political priority is key to fostering multisectoral collaboration and improving nutrition outcomes; (2) nutrition champions are critical for political prioritization of nutrition; (3) multisectoral collaboration has helped reduce undernutrition in Ethiopia, due to expansion from nutrition-specific to nutrition-sensitive strategies; and (4) accountability structures are vital to effective coordination, monitoring, and evaluation in multisectoral nutrition governance. Conclusions: Ethiopia has made significant progress toward multisectoral integration for nutrition. Despite contextual differences, lessons learned from Ethiopia may guide other countries aiming to reduce malnutrition.
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Leys, Mark. "Lessons learned about integrating multisectorial collaboration agreements". International Journal of Integrated Care 16, n. 6 (16 dicembre 2016): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.2659.
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Kengadaran, Shivashankar, Anusha Divvi e Sivabalakumaran Kengadaran. "Integrating Tobacco Control Measures with COVID-19 Control Programs: A Multisectoral Model". SBV Journal of Basic, Clinical and Applied Health Science 3, n. 3 (2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10082-02249.
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Palkovits, Michèle, Susan Rogers Van Katwyk e Steven J. Hoffman. "Embed Multisectoral Governance Mechanisms in the Pandemic Instrument for One Health Action". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 50, S2 (2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jme.2023.30.
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AbstractDespite recognition of the health threat posed at the human-animal-environment interface long ago, One Health has yet to be meaningfully integrated into global pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. With the negotiation of the forthcoming pandemic instrument under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO) — which is inherently restricted by its own constitutional mandate of human health — One Health risks being sidelined once again. Genuine integration of a One Health approach into this treaty will require the institutionalization of formal One Health coordination mechanisms.
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Morilla, Carmen R., e M. Alejandro Cardenete. "Multiplicadores domésticos “SAMEA” en un modelo multisectorial económico y ambiental de España". Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 9, n. 1 (14 ottobre 2011): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2009.01.06.
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This paper aims to show the utility of the Social Accounting Matrix and Environmental Accounts (SAMEA). The article begins with the elaboration of the SAMEA for Spain in 2000, applied to water resources and to greenhouses gas emissions. The estimation has been made with official data of INE, integrating the environmental physical information, proceeding from the Accounts of the Water Resource and the Emissions to the Atmosphere, with the monetary information published by the National Accounting. This matrix is used as the central core of a multisectorial model of the economic and environmental performance, from which the "domestic SAMEA multipliers" are calculated. These multipliers show the impacts of different production activities on the economy and environment.
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Milano, Alessia, Claudia Robbiati, Silvia Declich, Paolo Calistri, Ombretta Pediconi, Laura Amato, Lusine Paronyan et al. "Assessing the Adoption of One Health Approaches in National Plans to Combat Health Threats: The Pilot of a One Health Conceptual Framework in Armenia". Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, n. 1 (16 gennaio 2024): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9010022.
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Due to several factors, such as environmental and climate changes, the risk of health threats originating at the human–animal–environment interface, including vector-borne diseases (VBDs) and zoonoses, is increasing. Low-resource settings struggle to counter these multidimensional risks due to their already-strained health systems and are therefore disproportionally affected by the impact caused by these changes. Systemic approaches like One Health (OH) are sought to strengthen prevention and preparedness strategies by addressing the drivers of potential threats with a multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach, considering the whole system at the human–animal–environment interface. The integration of OH in national plans can be challenging due to the lack of effective coordination and collaboration among different sectors. To support the process of knowledge coproduction about the level of OH integration in prevention and preparedness strategies against health threats in Armenia, a situation analysis was performed on Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever/virus and anthrax (identified by local stakeholders as priorities to be addressed with the OH approach), and actions to strengthen the national OH system were identified with the support of a OH conceptual framework. The study highlighted that multidisciplinary and multisectoral efforts towards prevention and preparedness against VBDs and zoonoses threats need to be strengthened in Armenia, and priority actions to integrate the OH approach were identified.
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Lambrecht, Evelien, Maarten Crivits, Ludwig Lauwers e Xavier Gellynck. "Identifying key network characteristics for agricultural innovation: A multisectoral case study approach". Outlook on Agriculture 47, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2018): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030727018760604.
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This article identified network characteristics critical for successful agricutural innovations within networks, or a set of interrelated organizations aiming at knowledge exchange for innovations. To explore key success factors, the research questioned how networks cope with innovation characteristics and combined network characteristics with four innovation characteristics in four agricultural sub-sectors. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with farmers and network coordinators and from focus group discussions with farmers active in Flanders, the northern part of Belgium. Factors particularly helpful for success in agricultural innovation networks include numerous contacts, integration of knowledge providers in the network structure, face-to-face communication, a self-initiated coalition and surpassing innovation beyond the mere agricultural level, through collaboration with people from outside the sector. The findings are useful for academics, network coordinators and network members, possibly leading to a higher innovation performance via networking.
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Alffenaar, Jan-Willem C., Tawanda Gumbo, Kelly E. Dooley, Charles A. Peloquin, Helen Mcilleron, Andre Zagorski, Daniela M. Cirillo, Scott K. Heysell, Denise Rossato Silva e Giovanni Battista Migliori. "Integrating Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Operational Research to End Tuberculosis". Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, n. 8 (27 settembre 2019): 1774–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz942.
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Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) elimination requires innovative approaches. The new Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN) aims to conduct research on key unmet therapeutic and diagnostic needs in the field of TB elimination using multidisciplinary, multisectorial approaches. The TB Pharmacology section within the new GTN aims to detect and study the current knowledge gaps, test potential solutions using human pharmacokinetics informed through preclinical infection systems, and return those findings to the bedside. Moreover, this approach would allow prospective identification and validation of optimal shorter therapeutic durations with new regimens. Optimized treatment using available and repurposed drugs may have an increased impact when prioritizing a person-centered approach and acknowledge the importance of age, gender, comorbidities, and both social and programmatic environments. In this viewpoint article, we present an in-depth discussion on how TB pharmacology and the related strategies will contribute to TB elimination.
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Carpenter, Ami C. "Changing Lenses: Conflict Analysis and Mexico’s “Drug War”". Latin American Politics and Society 55, n. 03 (2013): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2013.00206.x.
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Abstract U.S. policy toward Mexico has been influenced by a “drug war” frame that has left little rhetorical and operational room for creative multisectoral strategies to stem the violence and address its causes. This article proposes conflict analysis, a lens for viewing conflict that brings into focus a multilevel, integrative diagnosis of the violence in Mexico and supports recent evolutions in Plan Mérida toward a more holistic peacebuilding approach.
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Oliveira, Fernanda Piana Santos Lima de, Andrea Maria Duarte Vargas, Zulmira Hartz, Sónia Dias e Efigênia Ferreira e. Ferreira. "Integration of School Health Program actions among health and education professionals: a case study in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais". Saúde em Debate 46, spe3 (novembre 2022): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-11042022e305i.
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ABSTRACT The School Health Program aims to build healthy schools. This qualitative case study aimed to identify and understand how professionals involved in the School Health Program behave in the integration based on their inclusion in the recommended activities. The consensus was reached with experts to develop a matrix of indicators after building the Program’s logical model, resulting in a semi-structured roadmap. Twenty-five interviews were held in the Basic Health Units, Elementary Schools, and the Regional Health and Education Administrations. The practices were multisectoral, with no combined efforts and effective co-participation, planned by a single sector or professional, the existing gaps are recognized as much as the importance of the program, and the practices are implemented with a low bond between teams. The fragmented perception of students’ problems hinders this integration.
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Harrison, M., J. Bender e J. Duke. "NutriFHIR: A Novel Proof-of-Concept Application for Integrating Clinical and Multisectoral Diet-Related Data". Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 119, n. 10 (ottobre 2019): A106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2019.08.028.
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Menezes, Rachael, Natasha Lelijveld, Stephanie V. Wrottesley, Eilise Brennan, Emily Mates e Philip T. James. "Integrating Women and Girls’ Nutrition Services into Health Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review". Nutrients 14, n. 21 (25 ottobre 2022): 4488. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14214488.
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Women’s nutrition has been highlighted as a global priority to ensure the health and well-being of both them and future generations. This systematic review summarises the available literature on the integration of nutrition services for girls and women of reproductive age (GWRA) into existing public health systems across low- and middle-income countries, as well as any barriers to integration. We searched PubMed and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for articles published since 2011 according to eligibility criteria. A total of 69 articles were included. Evidence suggested that several services for GWRA are well integrated into public health systems, including antenatal care services, nutrition education and counselling, and micronutrient supplementation programmes. However, there was limited evidence on the integration of family planning, adolescent health, and reproductive health services. Barriers to integration fell into five main themes: lack of training and capacity building, poor multisectoral linkages and coordination, weak advocacy, lack of M&E systems, and inequity. We identified a lack of evidence and services for non-pregnant GWRA and for women postpartum. Addressing barriers to integration and gaps in nutrition services for GWRA would increase service coverage and contribute to improving health outcomes for GWRA and future generations.
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Stangl J, Mandl. "Contemporary Health Policy and Management: Challenges Remaining". Journal of Quality in Health Care & Economics 5, S1 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jqhe-16000s1-004.
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The essay explores the broad outlines of the main barriers/enablers to health policy and management in the prevailing biomedical model from the late 19th century to the present. Based on this analysis, it proposes the modernisation of political leadership and multisectoral integration as key determinants of a resilient, holistic and equitable health system for the 21st century. The methodological process was based on the review and critical analysis of the relevant literature on the topic and the author's experience. We conclude with a call for reflection on the need for a clear understanding of these elements for a new vision of health policy and management.
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Moore, Brittany K., Riitta A. Dlodlo, John Paul Dongo, Sabine Verkuijl, Moorine P. Sekadde, Charles Sandy e Susan A. Maloney. "Evidence to Action: Translating Innovations in Management of Child and Adolescent TB into Routine Practice in High-Burden Countries". Pathogens 11, n. 4 (23 marzo 2022): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040383.
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Child and adolescent tuberculosis (TB) has been long neglected by TB programs but there have been substantive strides in prioritizing TB among these populations in the past two decades. Yet, gaps remain in translating evidence and policy to action at the primary care level, ensuring access to novel tools and approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and prevention for children and adolescents at risk of TB disease. This article describes the progress that has been made and the gaps that remain in addressing TB among children and adolescents while also highlighting pragmatic approaches and the role of multisectoral partnerships in facilitating integration of innovations into routine program practice.
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Ouedraogo, Ousmane. "Planning Capacity, Determinants, and Challenges of Integrating Multisectoral Nutrition into Communal Development Plans in Burkina Faso". Science Journal of Public Health 7, n. 3 (2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20190703.12.
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Wang, Jiangyong, Fa Jing, Yongquan Xia e Chunsheng Xu. "Study on Model-Based System Engineering in Satellite Layout". MATEC Web of Conferences 316 (2020): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031604001.
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For satellite layout, it is necessary to collate manually in order to obtain accurate product technical requirements information. It is difficult to track the technical status information. It is proposed that the application of model-based system engineering (MBSE) in the cooperative development of multi-disciplinary and multisectoral satellite layout was an effective way to solve these problems. Based on the four typical processes of layout design, this paper studied the requirements to occupancy design, electromechanical joint design, integration of Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) equipment layout, definition and display of equipment expansion, and give the verification design of star sensor layout. The results show that this method is beneficial to the collaboration of all departments, and improve the design ability.
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Schotten, Roman, e Daniel Bachmann. "Integrating Critical Infrastructure Networks into Flood Risk Management". Sustainability 15, n. 6 (20 marzo 2023): 5475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065475.
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Critical infrastructure (CI) networks are essential for the survival and functionality of society and the economy. Disruptions to CI services and the cascading effects of these disruptions are not currently included in flood risk management (FRM). The work presented in this study integrates CI into every step of FRM, including flood risk analysis, risk mitigation and risk communication. A CI network modelling technique enables the flood consequences for CI to be quantified as part of the flood risk analysis. The CI consequences derived from this analysis include spatial overviews and the temporal succession of CI disruptions. The number of affected CI end-users and the duration of the disruption are arranged in a risk matrix and in a decision-making matrix. Thus, the total flood risk is extended with CI consequences. By integrating CI and CI network characteristics into the flood risk assessment and the mitigation steps, a wider range of measures for action can be considered. Additionally, the continuous participation of CI operators is introduced as beneficial for every step of the FRM. A case study in Accra, Ghana proves the benefits of CI integration for all FRM steps. During participatory CI stakeholder engagements for this study six CI sectors were identified for the assembly of the CI network. The backbone of the analysis is a multisectoral, layered CI network model with 433 point elements, 1216 connector elements and 486 polygon elements.
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Otieno, Peter, Charles Agyemang, Caroline Wainaina, Emmy Kageha Igonya, Ramatou Ouedraogo, Elvis Omondi Achach Wambiya, Jane Osindo e Gershim Asiki. "Perceived health system facilitators and barriers to integrated management of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in Kenya: a qualitative study". BMJ Open 13, n. 8 (agosto 2023): e074274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074274.
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ObjectiveUnderstanding the facilitators and barriers to managing hypertension and type 2 diabetes (T2D) will inform the design of a contextually appropriate integrated chronic care model in Kenya. We explored the perceived facilitators and barriers to the integrated management of hypertension and T2D in Kenya using the Rainbow Model of Integrated Care.DesignThis was a qualitative study using data from a larger mixed-methods study on the health system response to chronic disease management in Kenya, conducted between July 2019 and February 2020. Data were collected through 44 key informant interviews (KIIs) and eight focus group discussions (FGDs).SettingMultistage sampling procedures were used to select a random sample of 12 study counties in Kenya.ParticipantsThe participants for the KIIs comprised purposively selected healthcare providers, county health managers, policy experts and representatives from non-state organisations. The participants for the FGDs included patients with hypertension and T2D.Outcome measuresPatients’ and providers’ perspectives of the health system facilitators and barriers to the integrated management of hypertension and T2D in Kenya.ResultsThe clinical integration facilitators included patient peer support groups for hypertension and T2D. The major professional integration facilitators included task shifting, continuous medical education and integration of community resource persons. The national referral system, hospital insurance fund and health management information system emerged as the major facilitators for organisational and functional integration. The system integration facilitators included decentralisation of services and multisectoral partnerships. The major barriers comprised vertical healthcare services characterised by service unavailability, unresponsiveness and unaffordability. Others included a shortage of skilled personnel, a lack of interoperable e-health platforms and care integration policy implementation gaps.ConclusionsOur study identified barriers and facilitators that may be harnessed to improve the integrated management of hypertension and T2D. The facilitators should be strengthened, and barriers to care integration redressed.
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Velasco, Marc, Beniamino Russo, Montserrat Martínez, Pere Malgrat, Robert Monjo, Slobodan Djordjevic, Ignasi Fontanals, Salvador Vela, Maria Cardoso e Aira Buskute. "Resilience to Cope with Climate Change in Urban Areas—A Multisectorial Approach Focusing on Water—The RESCCUE Project". Water 10, n. 10 (29 settembre 2018): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101356.
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The RESCCUE Project is an H2020 research project that aims to help cities around the world to become more resilient to physical, social, and economic challenges, using the water sector as the central point of the approach. RESCCUE will generate models and tools to bring this objective to practice, while delivering a framework enabling city resilience assessment, planning and management. This will be achieved by integrating software tools, methods, and new knowledge related to the detailed urban services performance into novel and promising loosely coupled models (integrated models), multi-risk assessment method, and a comprehensive resilience platform. These tools will allow urban resilience assessment from a multisectorial approach, for current and future climate change scenarios, including multiple hazards and cascading effects. The RESCCUE approach will be implemented in three EU cities (Barcelona, Bristol, and Lisbon) and, with the support of UN-Habitat, disseminate their results among other cities belonging to major international networks. The aim of this paper is to present the main goals of this project, as well as the approach followed and the main expected results after the four years of implementation, so other cities around the world can use the RESCCUE approach to increase their resilience.
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D’Ambruoso, Lucia, Denny Mabetha, Rhian Twine, Maria van der Merwe, Jennifer Hove, Gerhard Goosen, Jerry Sigudla e Sophie Witter. "‘Voice needs teeth to have bite’! Expanding community-led multisectoral action-learning to address alcohol and drug abuse in rural South Africa". PLOS Global Public Health 2, n. 10 (19 ottobre 2022): e0000323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000323.
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There is limited operational understanding of multisectoral action in health inclusive of communities as active change agents. The objectives were to: (a) develop community-led action-learning, advancing multisectoral responses for local public health problems; and (b) derive transferrable learning. Participants representing communities, government departments and non-governmental organisations in a rural district in South Africa co-designed the process. Participants identified and problematised local health concerns, coproduced and collectively analysed data, developed and implemented local action, and reflected on and refined the process. Project data were analysed to understand how to expand community-led action across sectors. Community actors identified alcohol and other drug (AOD) abuse as a major problem locally, and generated evidence depicting a self-sustaining problem, destructive of communities and disproportionately affecting children and young people. Community and government actors then developed action plans to rebuild community control over AOD harms. Implementation underscored community commitment, but also revealed organisational challenges and highlighted the importance of coordination with government reforms. While the action plan was only partially achieved, new relationships and collective capabilities were built, and the process was recommended for integration into district health planning and review. We created spaces engaging otherwise disconnected stakeholders to build dialogue, evidence, and action. Engagement needed time, space, and a sensitive, inclusive approach. Regular engagement helped develop collaborative mindsets. Credible, actionable information supported engagement. Collectively reflecting on and adapting the process supported aligning to local systems priorities and enabled uptake. The process made gains raising community ‘voice’ and initiating dialogue with the authorities, giving the voice ‘teeth’. Achieving ‘bite’, however, requires longer-term engagement, formal and sustained connections to the system. Sustaining in highly fluid contexts and connecting to higher levels are likely to be challenging. Regular learning spaces can support development of collaborative
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Pajvančić, Marijana. "Gender mainstreaming in social and economic development". Tehnika 76, n. 6 (2021): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2106821p.
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Public policies in the field of gender equality start from the multisectoral nature of this area, which requires the integration of a gender perspective into public policies in all areas of social life. It is also the obligation of the state prescribed by the Constitution of Serbia to pursue a policy of equal opportunities and take measures in order to create an environment in which women and men equally decide on issues important for their position and the development of society. In this context, the new approach to public policies in which the development of society is projected and measures important for overcoming the gender gap and achieving gender equality are reflected through two indicators, which are listed in this paper. Starting from these premises, the new Law on Gender Equality and the National Strategy for Gender Equality link gender equality to development issues as a factor in encouraging the overall development of society, which includes sustainable development for all. These policy documents set the framework and opportunities for comprehensive gender mainstreaming in areas where this has been lacking so far.
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Nabibayova, G. Ch. "Ensuring Information Security of OLAP-Containing Distributed Electronic Systems using Blockchain Technology". Informacionnye Tehnologii 29, n. 5 (16 maggio 2023): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/it.29.250-256.
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The article outlines the properties of blockchain technology, according to which the content of blockchain blocks is immutable and the use of a peer-to-peer (P2P) network implies decentralized management. It describes the essence and meaning of smart-contracts and smart-views derived from them, which are involved in the process of data analysis and decision making. The article considers the papers devoted to various approaches to the problem of integration of blockchain technology and data storage. To ensure all three key aspects of information security — the integrity, availability and confidentiality of information, which is important for both government and corporate structures, the article proposes to use a private blockchain, instead of a public one. A modification of the model of an electronic decision support system containing an OLAP block, which includes a private blockchain, is developed. It is shown that this DSS model can be used as an electronic demographic DSS, which is an infrastructure for solving state problems in this area, since many of the characteristics of this model correspond to the multisectoral nature of demography.
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OUEDRAOGO, Sayouba. "Determinants of Employability of Young People Aged 15-29 in Burkina Faso". Applied Economics and Finance 5, n. 5 (16 luglio 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v5i5.3450.
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The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the employability determinants of young people aged 15-29. A logit model was estimated using data from Phases 1 and 2 of the multisectoral survey conducted in 2014 by the National Institute of Statistics and Demography (INSD) of Burkina Faso. The female gender, rural environment, monogamy, large household, non-membership in an organization, low-paid jobs, and socio-professional category of parents in the formal and modern labor market have positive effects and high probabilities of youth employment. On the other hand, vocational and technical training and higher education offer less chance of employment. Beyond the fight against youth unemployment, decent jobs for young people are needed, and social inequalities should be reduced. Also, an integrative approach that takes into account economic, social, psychological and managerial approaches is essential in analyzing the determinants of employability.
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Kamarunzaman, Nur Zafifa, Mazlan Che Soh, Jia Liu e Nur Dalilah Mohd Rani. "Relief for Psychiatric Patients in Malaysia: Results from expert interviews". Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 7, n. 20 (6 luglio 2022): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.3447.
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This study aims to 1) identify and describe agencies’ role in helping psychiatric patients and 2) evaluate whether there is a synergy in building a concrete framework for the patients. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight mental health experts. The data were transcribed, and thematic analysis was performed using NVivo software. Findings revealed that empowering the patients was one of the strategies to assist them. Nevertheless, the multisectoral collaboration did not translate well within the aid networks despite the efforts by the government agencies to bridge their services to the patients. Keywords: Psychiatric Care, Aid Agencies, Integration Strategy, Collaboration Networks eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., U.K. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i20.3447
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Landicho, Leila D., Rowena Esperanza D. Cabahug, Romnick S. Baliton e Alberto B. Gonzales. "Rainwater harvesting for enhancing upland agriculture: Lessons and experiences in selected upland farming communities in Albay Province, Philippines". APN Science Bulletin 2022, n. 1 (30 marzo 2022): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30852/sb.2022.1757.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The upland farming communities in the Philippines are among the vulnerable sectors to climate change impacts. Their agricultural production is generally rainfed, and their farms are in marginal upland areas with steep slopes prone to soil erosion. Water scarcity is a common and perennial problem. To address the need expressed by the smallholder farmers, 11 rainwater harvesting facilities (RWHFs) were established in three upland farming communities in Albay Province, Philippines. The project team facilitated the establishment of RWHFs from two state universities, three local government units, and farming communities. Capacity development and participatory project planning and implementation were the important project approaches. This project generated several lessons. These include the essence of multisectoral collaboration, comprised of local government units, farming communities, and state colleges and universities; the value of collective action of farmers; effectiveness of cross-farm visits and on-site training; tapping locals for project monitoring; integration of sustainable land use management system to sustain RWHFs; and, the importance of resource sharing in carrying out project activities. The project experiences and lessons could be used as a reference by other development programs in replicating this initiative in other upland farming communities in the country.
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Chesoli, Rose Nakhaye, Janet Mwende Mutiso e Moses Wamalwa. "Monitoring with social media: Experiences from “integrating” WhatsApp in the M&E system under sweet potato value chain". Open Agriculture 5, n. 1 (3 agosto 2020): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0045.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractDealing with multiple stakeholders in agriculture–nutrition projects often makes communication and the collection of quality, reliable, and low-cost data complex and challenging. Communication bureaucracies among stakeholders often lead to delay, distortion, or loss of information along the communication channel. Social networking platforms can facilitate communication and collection of real-time data useful for project monitoring. This article shares our experience in using the WhatsApp platform for communication and collection of additional monitoring data. A WhatsApp platform for project implementers from the ministries of health (100) and agriculture (52) from Bungoma, Busia, Homa Bay, and Migori counties Kenya was formed in September 2016 for sharing additional monitoring data in the form of photos, videos, and texts. Project monitoring-related costs reduced by 51% and collapsing reporting hierarchies reduced information delays, thereby saving time and communication challenges. A shared understanding among different actors on the project’s indicators, reporting timelines, and data collection guidelines improved the quality of continuous monitoring data. However, staff transfer and replacements called for the continuous induction of new entrants to the forum. WhatsApp is a compelling tool in project monitoring to mitigate communication challenges. It offers an opportunity to share information on one platform among different cadres, facilitating collective action in multisectoral approach projects.
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Wang, Hsiao-Chi, Ting-Yu Lin, Yu-Chin Yao, Chen-Yang Hsu, Chang-Jung Yang, Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen e Yen-Po Yeh. "Community-Based Digital Contact Tracing of Emerging Infectious Diseases: Design and Implementation Study With Empirical COVID-19 Cases". Journal of Medical Internet Research 25 (8 novembre 2023): e47219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/47219.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background Contact tracing for containing emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19 is resource intensive and requires digital transformation to enable timely decision-making. Objective This study demonstrates the design and implementation of digital contact tracing using multimodal health informatics to efficiently collect personal information and contain community outbreaks. The implementation of digital contact tracing was further illustrated by 3 empirical SARS-CoV-2 infection clusters. Methods The implementation in Changhua, Taiwan, served as a demonstration of the multisectoral informatics and connectivity between electronic health systems needed for digital contact tracing. The framework incorporates traditional travel, occupation, contact, and cluster approaches and a dynamic contact process enabled by digital technology. A centralized registry system, accessible only to authorized health personnel, ensures privacy and data security. The efficiency of the digital contact tracing system was evaluated through a field study in Changhua. Results The digital contact tracing system integrates the immigration registry, communicable disease report system, and national health records to provide real-time information about travel, occupation, contact, and clusters for potential contacts and to facilitate a timely assessment of the risk of COVID-19 transmission. The digitalized system allows for informed decision-making regarding quarantine, isolation, and treatment, with a focus on personal privacy. In the first cluster infection, the system monitored 665 contacts and isolated 4 (0.6%) cases; none of the contacts (0/665, 0%) were infected during quarantine. The estimated reproduction number of 0.92 suggests an effective containment strategy for preventing community-acquired outbreak. The system was also used in a cluster investigation involving foreign workers, where none of the 462 contacts (0/462, 0%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions By integrating the multisectoral database, the contact tracing process can be digitalized to provide the information required for risk assessment and decision-making in a timely manner to contain a community-acquired outbreak when facing the outbreak of emerging infectious disease.
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Khaliq, Asif, Darren Wraith, Yvette Miller e Smita Nambiar-Mann. "Prevalence, Trends, and Socioeconomic Determinants of Coexisting Forms of Malnutrition Amongst Children under Five Years of Age in Pakistan". Nutrients 13, n. 12 (20 dicembre 2021): 4566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124566.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In Pakistan, malnutrition is a chronic issue. Concerns regarding coexisting forms of malnutrition (CFM) in an individual child are emerging, as children suffering from CFM have a 4 to 12-fold higher risk of death compared with healthy children. This study assessed the prevalence, trends, and socioeconomic determinants of various types of CFM using Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) datasets. Data from children aged 0–5 years old, with complete height and weight information, and valid anthropometry, from all regions of Pakistan (except residents of Azad Jammu Kashmir (AJK) and Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), and non-de jure residents), were included. The prevalence of CFM was 30.6% in 2012–2013 and 21.5% in 2017–2018 PDHS. Both PDHSs reported a significantly higher prevalence of CFM in Sindh and Baluchistan compared with other regions of Pakistan. Improved socioeconomic status significantly reduced the odds of various types of CFM, except the coexistence of underweight with wasting. The high prevalence of CFM in Pakistan can be averted by multisectoral collaboration and by integrating nutrition-sensitive and nutrition-specific interventions.
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Poulin, Valérie, Véronique Provencher, Mélodie Nicole, Victoria Shea, Ginette Aubin, Marie Beaulieu, Nathalie Bier et al. "Challenges and Strategies to Adapt the Provision of Support Services to Older Adults and Caregivers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Perspective of Community Organizations". Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 40, n. 4 (2 novembre 2021): 591–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980821000507.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This study documented the provision of services and issues experienced by community organizations supporting older adults and caregivers in the province of Quebec during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, as well as promising strategies to adapt the provision of services in this context. A cross-sectional electronic survey using open- and closed-ended questions was conducted in July 2020. Almost three-quarters of the 307 respondents (71.4%) reported having maintained services at least partially throughout the lockdown, and the majority (85.3%) adapted their services. Among key challenges, participants reported difficulties identifying and supporting older adults at greater risk of vulnerability (54.8%), managing health risks for service users (60.2%), and recruiting volunteers (59.5%). Promising strategies included strategies to reach out to older adults and understand their needs (e.g., systematic phone calls) in addition to direct interventions supporting them (e.g., activities promoting social ties); implementing prevention and protection measures; accessing and using technologies; human resources management (e.g., recruiting new volunteers); finding financial support for their organization; developing intersectoral partnerships (e.g., multisectoral crisis cell); and promoting a positive view of older adults. The integration of multiple perspectives from different stakeholders may help identify strategies potentially transferable to other crises in order to meet older adults’ needs.
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Sharma, Indu K., Dirk Essink, Victoria Fumado, Malay Kanti Mridha, Lalita Bhattacharjee e Jacqueline E. W. Broerse. "What Influences the Implementation and Sustainability of Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Interventions? A Case Study from Southern Bangladesh". Sustainability 13, n. 21 (31 ottobre 2021): 12049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112049.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nutrition-sensitive agriculture (NSA) provides a promising pathway for addressing malnutrition. Fulfilling this promise needs a better understanding of the implementation and sustainability of NSA interventions because of their highly complex nature. This study aimed to explore the factors affecting the implementation and sustainability of NSA interventions. A case study design was employed using two focus group discussions with beneficiaries (n = 15), semi-structured interviews with beneficiaries (n = 13), and actors involved in implementation (n = 18). Factors were thematically analyzed using both deductive and inductive approaches adapting the consolidated framework for implementation research. A complex interaction of the factors across the five domains was found: outer setting—nutrition sensitivity of policies, institutional framework; inner setting—culture, social and economic environment, biophysical environment, local capacity, other programs or projects; characteristics of actors—beneficiaries, family members, household capacity, implementers; intervention characteristics—adaptability, design quality, cost of interventions; and, implementation process—fit-to-context, integration and multisectoral collaboration, continuous motivation through engagement, monitoring. Implementing and sustaining NSA needs consideration of multiple factors, with careful analysis of the absorptive capacities of local institutions and beneficiary households. Future studies should explore which mechanisms created for adoption can be continued beyond the project funding cycle, and how.
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Hasan, Md Zabir, Rachel Neill, Priyanka Das, Vasuki Venugopal, Dinesh Arora, David Bishai, Nishant Jain e Shivam Gupta. "Integrated health service delivery during COVID-19: a scoping review of published evidence from low-income and lower-middle-income countries". BMJ Global Health 6, n. 6 (giugno 2021): e005667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005667.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
BackgroundIntegrated health service delivery (IHSD) is a promising approach to improve health system resilience. However, there is a lack of evidence specific to the low/lower-middle-income country (L-LMIC) health systems on how IHSD is used during disease outbreaks. This scoping review aimed to synthesise the emerging evidence on IHSD approaches adopted in L-LMIC during the COVID-19 pandemic and systematically collate their operational features.MethodsA systematic scoping review of peer-reviewed literature, published in English between 1 December 2019 and 12 June 2020, from seven electronic databases was conducted to explore the evidence of IHSD implemented in L-LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were systematically charted, and key features of IHSD systems were presented according to the postulated research questions of the review.ResultsThe literature search retrieved 1487 published articles from which 18 articles met the inclusion criteria and included in this review. Service delivery, health workforce, medicine and technologies were the three most frequently integrated health system building blocks during the COVID-19 pandemic. While responding to COVID-19, the L-LMICs principally implemented the IHSD system via systematic horizontal integration, led by specific policy measures. The government’s stewardship, along with the decentralised decision-making capacity of local institutions and multisectoral collaboration, was the critical facilitator for IHSD. Simultaneously, fragmented service delivery structures, fragile supply chain, inadequate diagnostic capacity and insufficient workforce were key barriers towards integration.ConclusionA wide array of context-specific IHSD approaches were operationalised in L-LMICs during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging recommendations emphasise the importance of coordination and integration across building blocks and levels of the health system, supported by a responsive governance structure and stakeholder engagement strategies. Future reviews can revisit this emerging evidence base at subsequent phases of COVID-19 response and recovery in L-LMICs to understand how the approaches highlighted here evolve.
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Canellas, Anna Luiza Bauer, Bruno Francesco Rodrigues de Oliveira e Marinella Silva Laport. "Hiding in Plain Sight: Characterization of Aeromonas Species Isolated from a Recreational Estuary Reveals the Carriage and Putative Dissemination of Resistance Genes". Antibiotics 12, n. 1 (4 gennaio 2023): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010084.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become one of the greatest challenges worldwide, hampering the treatment of a plethora of infections. Indeed, the AMR crisis poses a threat to the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and, due to its multisectoral character, a holistic approach is needed to tackle this issue. Thus, the investigation of environments beyond the clinic is of utmost importance. Here, we investigated thirteen strains of antimicrobial-resistant Aeromonas isolated from an urban estuary in Brazil. Most strains carried at least one antimicrobial resistance gene and 11 carried at least one heavy metal resistance gene. Noteworthy, four (30.7%) strains carried the blaKPC gene, coding for a carbapenemase. In particular, the whole-genome sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila strain 34SFC-3 was determined, revealing not only the presence of antimicrobial and heavy metal resistance genes but also a versatile virulome repertoire. Mobile genetic elements, including insertion sequences, transposons, integrative conjugative elements, and an IncQ1 plasmid were also detected. Considering the ubiquity of Aeromonas species, their genetic promiscuity, pathogenicity, and intrinsic features to endure environmental stress, our findings reinforce the concept that A. hydrophila truly is a “Jack of all trades’’ that should not be overlooked under the One Health perspective.
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Kananga, A. Mubeneshayi. "The Integration of Palliative Care in DR Congo “A Model Of Sustainability”: A Field Study". Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1 ottobre 2018): 171s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.36900.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background and context: In DR Congo, many cancer patients in the terminal phase of their condition have minimal access to palliative care. There is a combined effect of poverty, the deterioration of the health system and the absence of a well-defined national policy on palliative care. Patients are for the most part abandoned to the care of inexperienced family members. Driven by the fact that the number of palliative patients has been increasing steadily over the past five years, the Palliafamilli association and its partners have taken leadership in the fight for palliative care. The major issue that blocks palliative care in RD Congo is the lack of knowledge about palliative care both in the population and even in health professionals. Most patients are treated at home with strong family involvement in many aspects of care. Aim: To promote good health practices at the community level and equip them with the knowledge and means to prevent their health problems, with a focus on palliative care and to contribute to the implementation of the Strategy for Strengthening the Health System of DR Congo by facilitating a program of access to palliative care for the entire Congolese population. Strategy/Tactics: During the last 7 years, we have organized conferences, congresses, various training sessions on pain management, sensitization activities, capacity building courses and advocacy activities within the Ministry of Health for national palliative care guidelines. Program/Policy process: - The organization of two International Congress of Palliative Care in Kinshasa in April 2013 (550 participants) and September 2015 (700 participants) - Training of 3 health professionals on the palliative approach in Uganda (2013) - Participation at the Second Francophone Palliative Care Congress in Montreal 2013 - A palliative care training course at the University of Kinshasa in 2015 (115 participants) - The organization of the International Colloquium of Pediatric Palliative Care in Kinshasa in 2015 - Participation in the 4th International Francophone Congress of Palliative Care in Geneva (2017) - Participating in the drafting of national guidelines for palliative care within the Ministry of Health (2017) - Capacity building for two members of PalliaFamilli thanks to the scholarship offered by the UICC. What was learned: In DR Congo, palliative care and pain relief require a cross-cutting approach, as resources are limited, many people are in need of care, and there are few nurses and doctors empowered to provide care. An effective approach is to involve community or volunteer caregivers supervised by health professionals, and Palliafamilli is successful due in its multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach, with adaptation to cultural, social and economic specificities and its integration with existing health systems, focusing on primary health care and community and home care.
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Birech, Jeniffer Kosgey. "The Strengthening of the Institutional Corrections For Effective Rehabilitation in Kenya". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, n. 1 (28 gennaio 2020): 409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.71.6930.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Strengthening the Institutional Corrections for Effective Rehabilitation in Kenya
Jeniffer Birech
Department of Sociology and Social Work
Abstract
Globally, Institutional Corrections continue to play a critical role in the rehabilitation of the offenders. It is estimated that there are more than 10.2 million offenders in prison including sentenced and pretrial prisoners. Statistics also show that 144 out of every 100,000 people are in prison. Similarly, in the last fifteen years the estimated world prison has increased by 25-35% hence the need to strengthen institutional corrections for better rehabilitation. In Kenya, the total prison population is about 53,841. This includes the pretrial detainees and remand prisoners. Additionally, there are 92 institutional corrections in Kenya. However, the prison system struggles with overcrowding, poor governance, insufficient coordination with other criminal justice systems and inadequate resources. As a result, the institutions have become breeding grounds for recidivism. This paper examines the development of the prison system, the evolution of the challenges and abuse of human rights. It will also examine how institutions can be strengthened. The paper recommends the need for more research to unearth more innovative ways of dealing with the challenges. There is need for inbuilt mechanisms to ensure good governance and accountability, re-integration and allocation of resources. In essence, a multisectoral approach need to be adopted for sustainable solutions.
Key Words; Strengthening, Institutional Corrections, Rehabilitation, Prison, Kenya.
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Akram, Hammad, e Fauzia Aslam. "An Overview of Disease Burden, Mechanism, Traditional and Non-traditional Management of Type 2 Diabetes". Journal of Interdisciplinary Medicine 4, n. 3 (1 settembre 2019): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jim-2019-0016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Diabetes is a major global health problem leading to high morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Diabetes is connected to complex social, environmental, and behavioral factors and requires multisectoral evidence-based strategies to reduce its incidence and prevalence. Here we attempt to connect existing diabetes data with the underlying mechanism of the disease, while touching disease processes and traditional management approaches for diabetes and its complications. The major objective of this manuscript is to examine the effect of nontraditional treatment modalities, e.g. non-pharmaceutical interventions, supplements, alternative and integrative therapies etc., on diabetes. We performed an extensive literature search and review using electronic databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) to examine recent and historical diabetes statistics, the underlying mechanism of the disease, traditional treatments, remission possibility, and finally, the role of alternative therapies and supplements in its management. We found that there is no sufficient evidence to make most of the alternative therapies the first line of management and prevention approach for diabetes. Long-term and large-scale studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of alternative medicine. We feel that this review could urge other health researchers to plan comprehensive studies to examine the role of alternative or newly-identified therapies in diabetes. Also, this information can be useful for diverse health professionals and policymakers in developing and implementing evidence-based strategies.
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Arroyo, Jinnifer. "Emerging Frontiers of Public Safety: Synergizing AI and Bioengineering for Crime Prevention". Journal of Technology Innovations and Energy 2, n. 3 (19 settembre 2023): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.56556/jtie.v2i3.595.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and biological engineering technology (BET) can potentially revolutionize public safety efforts. However, the responsible use of these technologies requires crucial considerations. This study employed an exploratory sequential mixed-method to examine the governance mechanisms apropos AI and BET in the context of crime prevention in the Philippines. It identifies several key components that contribute to establishing governance mechanisms, including multisectoral agencies, legislative initiatives, and regulatory frameworks. The study also identifies a 3-factor model for the governance convergence of AI and BET in public safety. These factors include empowerment and sufficiency, ethical considerations, and laws and regulations. The findings underscore the notable implications of integrating AI and BET into public safety efforts, such as improving surveillance systems, proactively preventing public health crises, and optimizing emergency response capabilities. However, ethical considerations and regulatory guidelines must be in place to address privacy concerns and mitigate potential risks associated with these technologies. The convergence of AI and BET also presents opportunities for sustainability. Nevertheless, concerns arise regarding its improper utilization. Based on the study's findings, policy recommendations are directed at ethical considerations, governance and regulation, and sustainability. These policy actions aim to address the opportunities and challenges associated with the convergence of AI and BET in public safety, ensuring responsible and beneficial use within the framework of Public Safety 4.0.
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Moudi, Mahdi, Qiuyan Gai, He Yuan, Li Guiqing, Mahdi Basirialmahjough, Artemis Motamedi e Majid Galoie. "A novel objective for improving the sustainability of water supply system regarding hydrological response". PLOS ONE 18, n. 11 (30 novembre 2023): e0294578. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294578.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In general, the sustainability of the water supply system is indicative of an adaptive operational approach, wherein the decision-maker adjusts the system’s performance based on the availability of water resources in a given time frame. In light of this, a novel framework is proposed in this study to evaluate sustainability, including three key indicators: resilience, reliability, and vulnerability. To address stressors that may lead to system failure, a multisectoral water allocation optimization is undertaken. In order to account for the future implications of climate change on the hydrological cycle, a simulation step, is incorporated, utilizing the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) under various emission scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), prior to integrating the streamflow data into our proposed optimal framework. To calibrate and validate historical data (2014–2019) and simulate future streamflow patterns (2025–2085), the Sistan Basin, located in an arid region of Iran, is analyzed as a case study. In light of the anticipated adverse impacts on the water supply system, certain adaptation measures, such as demand shrinkage scenarios, are considered to further appraise the proposed framework. Based on the final output, it is evident that the agricultural and industrial sectors, being the primary water consumers, are more susceptible to negative impacts resulting from the reduction in system sustainability. This susceptibility is primarily attributed to their highest vulnerability and comparatively lower reliability.
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Larashati, Ida Ayu Putu. "Hak Guna Bangunan Untuk Investasi dalam Bidang Pariwisata". Acta Comitas 5, n. 1 (30 aprile 2020): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ac.2020.v05.i01.p17.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The role of the National Land Law in development is not yet perfect, but in reality the National Land Law has also succeeded in supporting development activities in all fields in the supply and management or utilization of the required land and legal certainty in its control and management or use. This study aims to examine building rights for investment in tourism. The method used is a normative research method due to legal uncertainty in the regulation of building rights as a form of tourism investment. The development of the tourism industry has an impact on various aspects of people's lives, both from the planned tourism industry and the unplanned implementation of the tourism industry.The impact of the planned implementation of the tourism industry development can be optimally anticipated. The principles of carrying out investments by using building rights as the basis for their rights can help the development of tourism because the holders of land titles do not lose ownership of their land. The structuring of sustainable tourism development is a development that has economic, socio-cultural and environmental dimensions so that it has justice not only for future generations. In this construction, tourism must be seen as a system that includes various components that interact with and influence each other. Therefore, it is needed a synergy of policies governing the implementation of tourism with a multisectoral and multidisciplinary approach to service integration, and the synergy of the government and the community in the use of land with Building Use Rights for tourism purposes
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Choudhry, Kalpana. "Non-Communicable Diseases and their Challenges in India". Indian Journal of Nursing Sciences 07, n. 03 (2022): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31690/ijns.2022.v07i03.003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the major concerns of the 21st century globally. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) show a higher burden of NCDs including India. The country has launched various programs for the control and prevention of NCDs, but the organization, integration, and implementation of NCD-related health services and programs face many challenges. The objective of this review article is to study the trends and challenges in the prevention and control of common NCDs in India and find probable solutions to them. Methodology: Search on PubMed and Google Scholar databases was done. Out of 387 relevant articles, 50 were included. Websites of various institutes and government portals were searched. Data were compiled and studied for identifying the challenges and their solutions. Results: The challenges were organized at four levels – community, facility, health system and policy, and research as per the WHO Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions frameworks (WHO ICCC) such as identification of eligible beneficiaries, shortage of infrastructure and workforce, lack of skills and need for training, inadequate data, poor surveillance, and monitoring systems and limited research. Conclusion: India’s growing NCD burden needs to be addressed by health-promoting partnerships, policies, and programs. To create successful national, multisectoral program for prevention and control of NCDs, high-level political commitment, intersectoral coordination, and community mobilization is required. Learnings from various other programs could be incorporated for effective management of NCDs in India. A more scientific research-based focus needs to be given to AYUSH and other non-medical interventions.
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Thondoo, Meelan, Daniel De Vries, David Rojas-Rueda, Yashila Ramkalam, Ersilia Verlinghieri, Joyeeta Gupta e Mark Nieuwenhuijsen. "Framework for Participatory Quantitative Health Impact Assessment in Low- and Middle-Income Countries". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n. 20 (21 ottobre 2020): 7688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207688.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Conducting health impact assessments (HIAs) is a growing practice in various organizations and countries, yet scholarly interest in HIAs has primarily focused on the synergies between exposure and health outcomes. This limits our understanding of what factors influence HIAs and the uptake of their outcomes. This paper presents a framework for conducting participatory quantitative HIA (PQHIA) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including integrating the outcomes back into society after an HIA is conducted. The study responds to the question: what are the different components of a participatory quantitative model that can influence HIA implementation in LMICs? Methods: To build the framework, we used a case study from a PQHIA fieldwork model developed in Port Louis (Mauritius). To explore thinking on the participatory components of the framework, we extract and analyze data from ethnographic material including fieldnotes, interviews, focus group discussions and feedback exercises with 14 stakeholders from the same case study. We confirm the validity of the ethnographic data using five quality criteria: credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability, and authenticity. We build the PQHIA framework connecting the main HIA steps with factors influencing HIAs. Results: The final framework depicts the five standard HIA stages and summarizes participatory activities and outcomes. It also reflects key factors influencing PQHIA practice and uptake of HIA outcomes: costs for participation, HIA knowledge and interest of stakeholders, social responsibility of policymakers, existing policies, data availability, citizen participation, multi-level stakeholder engagement and multisectoral coordination. The framework suggests that factors necessary to complete a participatory HIA are the same needed to re-integrate HIA results back into the society. There are three different areas that can act as facilitators to PQHIAs: good governance, evidence-based policy making, and access to resources. Conclusions: The framework has several implications for research and practice. It underlines the importance of applying participatory approaches critically while providing a blueprint for methods to engage local stakeholders. Participatory approaches in quantitative HIAs are complex and demand a nuanced understanding of the context. Therefore, the political and cultural contexts in which HIA is conducted will define how the framework is applied. Finally, the framework underlines that participation in HIA does not need to be expensive or time consuming for the assessor or the participant. Yet, participatory quantitative models need to be contextually developed and integrated if they are to provide health benefits and be beneficial for the participants. This integration can be facilitated by investing in opportunities that fuel good governance and evidence-based policy making.
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Özgüler, Zeynep, e Dilek Aslan. "Knowledge and perceptions of physicians and veterinarians about One Health in Türkiye". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 29, n. 10 (31 ottobre 2023): 767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/emhj.23.082.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: One Health is a multisectoral and interdisciplinary concept that acknowledges the interconnections between people, animals and their shared environments. Understanding the views of physicians and veterinarians may help promote One Health principles. Aim: To assess the knowledge and perceptions of physicians and veterinarians about One Health in Türkiye. Methods: This was a descriptive mixed-methods study among 74 doctors and 221 veterinarians in Türkiye. Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire sent by email to members of the Ankara Chambers of Medicine and the Ankara Chambers of Veterinary Medicine. Qualitative data were obtained through focus group discussions with boards of directors of both chambers. Recordings were transcribed and the data were categorized in line with the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Few (6.3%) of the veterinarians had not heard about One Health while majority of the physicians (63.5%) had not heard about it (P < 0.001). Most of the physicians (95.9%) and veterinarians (71.5%) had not received training on One Health; significantly more veterinarians had received training (P < 0.001). Most of the veterinarians (73.3%) and a few physicians (35.1%) had applied One Health in their work (P < 0.001). Although participants mentioned other disciplines related to One Health, they had not been involved in any cooperative or collaborative work relating to these disciplines. Conclusion: The application of One Health principles by the physicians and veterinarians was limited, and few of them had collaborated with other disciplines during their practice. Joint training and further professional and educational integration are needed in Türkiye to support the implementation of One Health.
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Moallemi, Enayat A., Edoardo Bertone, Sibel Eker, Lei Gao, Katrina Szetey, Nick Taylor e Brett A. Bryan. "A review of systems modelling for local sustainability". Environmental Research Letters 16, n. 11 (1 novembre 2021): 113004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2f62.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent a holistic and ambitious agenda for transforming the world towards societal well-being, economic prosperity, and environmental protection. Achieving the SDGs is, however, challenged by the performance of interconnected sectors and the complexity of their interactions which drive non-linear system responses, tipping points, and spillover effects. Systems modelling, as an integrated way of thinking about and modelling multisectoral dynamics, can help explain how feedback interactions within and among different sectors can lead to broader system transformation and progress towards the SDGs. Here, we review how system dynamics, as a prominent systems modelling approach, can inform and contribute to sustainability research and implementation, framed by the SDGs. We systematically analyse 357 system dynamics studies undertaken at the local scale where the most important SDG impacts and their initiators are often located, published between 2015 (i.e. SDGs’ inception) and 2020. We analyse the studies to illuminate strengths and limitations in four key areas: diversity of scope; interdisciplinarity of the approaches; the role of stakeholder participation; and the analysis of SDG interactions. Our review highlights opportunities for a better consideration of societal aspects of sustainable development (e.g. poverty, inequality) in modelling efforts; integrating with new interdisciplinary methods to leverage system dynamics modelling capabilities; improving genuine stakeholder engagement for credibility and impacts on the ground; and a more in-depth analysis of SDG interactions (i.e. synergies and trade-offs) with the feedback-rich structure of system dynamics models.
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Cuevas, Soledad, Shauna M. Downs, Suparna Ghosh-Jerath, Aafrin e Bhavani Shankar. "Analysing the policy space for the promotion of healthy, sustainable edible oil consumption in India". Public Health Nutrition 22, n. 18 (6 agosto 2019): 3435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019001836.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractObjective:To identify opportunities and challenges for the promotion of healthy, sustainable oil consumption in India.Design:We use a framework for policy space analysis which distinguishes between policy context, process and characteristics.Setting:We focus on the Indian edible oils sector and on factors shaping the policy space at a national level.Participants:The study is based on the analysis of policy documents and semi-structured interviews with key experts and stakeholders in the edible oils sector.Results:We find opportunities associated with the emergence of multisectoral policy frameworks for climate adaptation and non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention at a national level which explicitly include the oils sector, the existence of structures for sectoral policy coordination, some supportive factors for the translation of nutrition evidence into practice, and the possibility of integrating nutrition-sensitive approaches within current state-led agricultural interventions. However, the trade-offs perceived across sustainability, NCD prevention and food security objectives in the vegetable oils sector are considered a barrier for policy influence and implementation. Sustainability and nutrition advocates tend to focus on different segments of the value chain, missing potential synergies. Moreover, policy priorities are dominated by historical concerns for food security, understood as energy provision, as well as economic and strategic priorities.Conclusions:Systematic efforts towards identifying synergistic approaches, from agricultural production to distribution of edible oils, as well as increased involvement of nutrition advocates with upstream policies in the oils sector, could increase policy influence for advocates of both nutrition and sustainability.
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Humboldt-Dachroeden, Sarah, e Alberto Mantovani. "Assessing Environmental Factors within the One Health Approach". Medicina 57, n. 3 (5 marzo 2021): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57030240.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: One Health is a comprehensive and multisectoral approach to assess and examine the health of animals, humans and the environment. However, while the One Health approach gains increasing momentum, its practical application meets hindrances. This paper investigates the environmental pillar of the One Health approach, using two case studies to highlight the integration of environmental considerations. The first case study pertains to the Danish monitoring and surveillance programme for antimicrobial resistance, DANMAP. The second case illustrates the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk in dairy-producing ruminants in Italian regions. Method: A scientific literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science to locate articles informing the two cases. Grey literature was gathered to describe the cases as well as their contexts. Results: 19 articles and 10 reports were reviewed and informed the two cases. The cases show how the environmental component influences the apparent impacts for human and animal health. The DANMAP highlights the two approaches One Health and farm to fork. The literature provides information on the comprehensiveness of the DANMAP, but highlights some shortcomings in terms of environmental considerations. The AFM1 case, the milk metabolite of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1, shows that dairy products are heavily impacted by changes of the climate as well as by economic drivers. Conclusions: The two cases show that environmental conditions directly influence the onset and diffusion of hazardous factors. Climate change, treatment of soils, water and standards in slaughterhouses as well as farms can have a great impact on the health of animals, humans and the environment. Hence, it is important to include environmental considerations, for example, via engaging environmental experts and sharing data. Further case studies will help to better define the roles of environment in One Health scenarios.
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Ahmed, Wisal, Amira Adam, Nancy Puttkammer, Stephen Gloyd e Carey Farquhar. "National and international programmatic perspective on facilitators and barriers for Sudan’s health sector response on female genital mutilation (2016–2018): a qualitative study". BMJ Open 13, n. 6 (giugno 2023): e070138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070138.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ObjectivesTo explore the facilitators and barriers that affected the design and implementation of the first 3 years of Sudan’s largest health programme on female genital mutilation (FGM).DesignWe used a qualitative case study guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to conduct in-depth interviews with programme managers and for thematic data analysis.SettingAbout 14 million girls and women in Sudan are affected by FGM, which is mainly performed by midwives (77%). Since 2016, Sudan has received substantial donor funding to develop and implement the largest global health programme to stop midwives’ involvement and improve the quality of FGM prevention and care services.ParticipantsEight Sudanese and two international programme managers representing governmental, international and national organisations and donor agencies participated in interviews. Their job positions required detailed involvement in planning, implementing and evaluating diverse health interventions in the areas of governance, building knowledge and skills of health workers, strengthening accountability, monitoring and evaluation and creating an enabling environment.ResultsRespondents identified funding availability and comprehensive plans, integration of FGM-related interventions within existing priority health intervention packages and presence of an evaluation and feedback culture within international organisations as implementation facilitators. The barriers were low health system functionality, low inter-organisational coordination culture, power asymmetries in decision-making during planning and implementation of nationally-funded and internationally-funded interventions, and non-supportive attitudes among health workers.ConclusionUnderstanding the factors affecting planning and implementation of Sudan’s health programme addressing FGM may potentially mitigate barriers and improve results. Interventions which change midwives’ supportive values and attitudes towards FGM, strengthen health system function and increase intersectoral and multisectoral coordination including equitable decision-making among relevant actors, may be needed to address the reported barriers. The impact of these interventions on the scale, effectiveness and sustainability of the health sector response merits further study.
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Garg, Rohit, Bir Singh Chavan, Subhash Das, Sonia Puri, Arvind A. Banavaram, Vivek Benegal, Girish N. Rao, Mathew Varghese e Gopalkrishna Gururaj. "Treatment gap for mental and behavioral disorders in Punjab". Indian Journal of Psychiatry 65, n. 12 (dicembre 2023): 1269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_839_23.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background and Aims: There is no data on the treatment gap and health care utilization for mental disorders from Punjab. The present study reports on the same by using the data collected during the National Mental Health Survey. Settings and Design: Multisite, multistage, stratified, random cluster sampling study conducted in four districts, namely Faridkot, Moga, Patiala, and Ludhiana (for urban metro areas). Data were collected from October 2015 to March 2016. Materials and Methods: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 6.0.0 and Adapted Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Scale were used to diagnose mental and behavioral disorders and tobacco use disorder, respectively. Pathways Interview Schedule of the World Health Organization was applied to persons having any disorder to assess treatment gap and health care utilization. Exploratory focused group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to understand the community perceptions regarding mental and behavioral disorders. Results: The treatment gap for mental and behavioral disorders was 79.59%, and it was higher for common mental disorders than severe mental disorders and higher for alcohol and tobacco use disorders as compared to opioid use disorders. The median treatment lag was 6 months. Only seven patients out of 79 were taking treatment from a psychiatrist, and the average distance traveled by the patient for treatment was 37.61 ± 45.5 km. Many attitudinal, structural, and other barriers leading to high treatment gaps were identified during FGDs in the community, such as stigma, poor knowledge about mental health, deficiency of psychiatrists, and distance from the hospital. Conclusions: Vertical as well as horizontal multisectoral integration is required to reduce the treatment gap and improve healthcare utilization. Increasing mental health literacy, providing high-quality mental health services at the primary-healthcare level and human resources development are the need of the hour.
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Harris-Fry, Helen, Meghan O'Hearn, Ronali Pradhan, Sneha Krishnan, Nirmala Nair, Suchitra Rath, Shibanand Rath et al. "How to design a complex behaviour change intervention: experiences from a nutrition-sensitive agriculture trial in rural India". BMJ Global Health 5, n. 6 (giugno 2020): e002384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002384.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Many public health interventions aim to promote healthful behaviours, with varying degrees of success. With a lack of existing empirical evidence on the optimal number or combination of behaviours to promote to achieve a given health outcome, a key challenge in intervention design lies in deciding what behaviours to prioritise, and how best to promote them. We describe how key behaviours were selected and promoted within a multisectoral nutrition-sensitive agriculture intervention that aimed to address maternal and child undernutrition in rural India. First, we formulated a Theory of Change, which outlined our hypothesised impact pathways. To do this, we used the following inputs: existing conceptual frameworks, published empirical evidence, a feasibility study, formative research and the intervention team’s local knowledge. Then, we selected specific behaviours to address within each impact pathway, based on our formative research, behaviour change models, local knowledge and community feedback. As the intervention progressed, we mapped each of the behaviours against our impact pathways and the transtheoretical model of behaviour change, to monitor the balance of behaviours across pathways and along stages of behaviour change. By collectively agreeing on definitions of complex concepts and hypothesised impact pathways, implementing partners were able to communicate clearly between each other and with intervention participants. Our intervention was iteratively informed by continuous review, by monitoring implementation against targets and by integrating community feedback. Impact and process evaluations will reveal whether these approaches are effective for improving maternal and child nutrition, and what the effects are on each hypothesised impact pathway.