Bibliografie tematiche / Multiplets and repeats

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Multiplets and repeats"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 8 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Multiplets and repeats":

Palsbøll, Per J., Martine Bérubé e Hanne Jørgensen. "Multiple Levels of Single-Strand Slippage at Cetacean Tri- and Tetranucleotide Repeat Microsatellite Loci". Genetics 151, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1999): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/151.1.285.

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Abstract Between three and six tri- and tetranucleotide repeat microsatellite loci were analyzed in 3720 samples collected from four different species of baleen whales. Ten of the 18 species/locus combinations had imperfect allele arrays, i.e., some alleles differed in length by other than simple integer multiples of the basic repeat length. The estimate of the average number of alleles and heterozygosity was higher at loci with imperfect allele arrays relative to those with perfect allele arrays. Nucleotide sequences of 23 different alleles at one tetranucleotide repeat microsatellite locus in fin whales, Balaenoptera physalus, and humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, revealed sequence changes including perfect repeats only, multiple repeats, and partial repeats. The relative rate of the latter two categories of mutation was estimated at 0.024 of the mutation rate involving perfect repeats only. It is hypothesized that single-strand slippage of partial repeats may provide a mechanism for counteracting the continuous expansion of microsatellite loci, which is the logical consequence of recent reports demonstrating directional mutations. Partial-repeat mutations introduce imperfections in the repeat array, which subsequently could reduce the rate of single-strand slippage. Limited computer simulations confirmed this predicted effect of partial-repeat mutations.

Epstein, L. M., K. A. Mahon e J. G. Gall. "Transcription of a satellite DNA in the newt." Journal of Cell Biology 103, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1986): 1137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.103.4.1137.

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Satellite 2 is an abundant, 330-bp tandemly repeated sequence in the genome of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. This sequence is distributed throughout the genome on each of the 11 chromosomes. Both strands of satellite 2 are transcribed on the lampbrush chromosomes during oogenesis, probably as a result of readthrough from upstream structural gene promoters. In addition to these heterogeneous nuclear transcripts, satellite 2 is homologous to stable, strand-specific cytoplasmic transcripts in a variety of different tissues. The majority of these transcripts correspond in size to the entire satellite 2 repeat unit, or to whole multiples of the repeat. The transcripts present in the ovary have been sequenced by primer extension and were found to be more homogeneous than eight independently cloned satellite 2 DNA repeats. We propose that the stable cytoplasmic transcripts are encoded by a small subset of genomic satellite 2 sequences.

Combettes, L., D. Tran, T. Tordjmann, M. Laurent, B. Berthon e M. Claret. "Ca2+-mobilizing hormones induce sequentially ordered Ca2+ signals in multicellular systems of rat hepatocytes". Biochemical Journal 304, n. 2 (1 dicembre 1994): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3040585.

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The development of hormone-mediated Ca2+ signals was analysed in polarized doublets, triplets and quadruplets of rat hepatocytes by video imaging of fura2 fluorescence. These multicellular models showed dilated bile canaliculi, and gap junctions were observed by using an anti-connexin-32 antibody. They also showed highly organized Ca2+ signals in response to vasopressin or noradrenaline. Surprisingly, the primary rises in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) did not start randomly from any cell of the multiplet. It originated invariably in the same hepatocyte (first-responding cell), and then was propagated in a sequential manner to the nearest connected cells (cell 2, then 3, in triplets; cell 2, 3, then 4 in quadruplets). The sequential activation of the cells appeared to be an intrinsic property of multiplets of rat hepatocytes. (1) In the continued presence of hormones, the same sequential order was observed up to six times, i.e. at each train of oscillations occurring between the cells. (2) The order of [Ca2+]i responses was modified neither by the repeated addition of hormones nor by the hormonal dose. (3) The mechanical disruption of an intermediate cell slowed down the speed of the propagation, suggesting a role of gap junctions in the rapidity of the sequential activation of cells. (4) The same multiplet could have a different first-responding cell for vasopressin or noradrenaline, suggesting a role of the hormonal receptors in the sequentiality of cell responses. It is postulated that a functional heterogeneity of hormonal receptors, and the presence of functional gap junctions, are involved in the existence of sequentially ordered hormone-mediated [Ca2+]i rises in the multiplets of rat hepatocytes.

Hsu, F. C., C. J. Wang, C. M. Chen, H. Y. Hu e C. C. Chen. "Molecular Characterization of a Family of Tandemly Repeated DNA Sequences, TR-1, in Heterochromatic Knobs of Maize and Its Relatives". Genetics 164, n. 3 (1 luglio 2003): 1087–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/164.3.1087.

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Abstract Two families of tandem repeats, 180-bp and TR-1, have been found in the knobs of maize. In this study, we isolated 59 clones belonging to the TR-1 family from maize and teosinte. Southern hybridization and sequence analysis revealed that members of this family are composed of three basic sequences, A (67 bp); B (184 bp) or its variants B′ (184 bp), 2/3B (115 bp), 2/3B′ (115 bp); and C (108 bp), which are arranged in various combinations to produce repeat units that are multiples of ∼180 bp. The molecular structure of TR-1 elements suggests that: (1) the B component may evolve from the 180-bp knob repeat as a result of mutations during evolution; (2) B′ may originate from B through lateral amplification accompanied by base-pair changes; (3) C plus A may be a single sequence that is added to B and B′, probably via nonhomologous recombination; and (4) 69 bp at the 3′ end of B or B′, and the entire sequence of C can be removed from the elements by an unknown mechanism. Sequence comparisons showed partial homologies between TR-1 elements and two centromeric sequences (B repeats) of the supernumerary B chromosome. This result, together with the finding of other investigators that the B repeat is also fragmentarily homologous to the 180-bp repeat, suggests that the B repeat is derived from knob repeats in A chromosomes, which subsequently become structurally modified. Fluorescence in situ hybridization localized the B repeat to the B centromere and the 180-bp and TR-1 repeats to the proximal heterochromatin knob on the B chromosome.

Cohen, J. B., D. Liebermann e L. Kedes. "Tsp transposons: a heterogeneous family of mobile sequences in the genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus". Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, n. 10 (ottobre 1985): 2814–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.10.2814-2825.1985.

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In the preceding paper (J.B. Cohen, B. Hoffman-Liebermann, and L. Kedes, Mol. Cell. Biol., 5:2804-2813, 1985), we described the nucleotide sequence of ISTU4, which is a member of a new family of repetitive sequences, the Tsp family, present in a higher eucaryote, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We provided evidence that individual members of this family can act as transposable elements. Here we describe our structural analysis of the Tsp element family, which numbers about 1,000 members per haploid genome. Hybridization and nucleotide sequence analysis of several genomic Tsp clones demonstrate that structurally most Tsp elements resemble ISTU4. Tsp elements range in size up to about 1.3 kilobase pairs, have terminal domains that are conserved between the various examples studied, and contain a central portion of varying size, which may be extensively diverged. Structurally, however, the central portions are very similar and consist of several approximately 150-base-pairs-long, tandemly arranged, imperfect repeats, which are followed by a truncated repeat. The structural analysis is consistent with the possibility that the individual Tsp elements differ by multiples of these 150-base-pair repeats. One variant genomic clone has a solitary repeat and lacks the truncated repeat. The nucleotide sequences of different repeats of a single Tsp element can diverge extensively. The truncated repeat is divergent from most of the repeats, but in one case it is almost identical to a repeat of the same element. Comparison of the sequences from different elements enabled us to determine the boundaries of each structural domain and allows us to propose that each of these domains may be independent units of genetic information. Analysis of the population of Tsp-related sequences in the S. purpuratus genome by genomic blot hybridization suggests that most Tsp family members share the same overall structure. In addition, there is a structural element, about 70 base pairs long, that appears to interrupt the tandem arrangement of the 150-base-pair repeats at regular intervals.

Cohen, J. B., D. Liebermann e L. Kedes. "Tsp transposons: a heterogeneous family of mobile sequences in the genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, n. 10 (ottobre 1985): 2814–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.10.2814.

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Schneider-Gold, C., e S. Petri. "Therapie und Monitoring neuromuskulärer Repeat-Erkrankungen". Nervenheilkunde 36, n. 01/02 (2017): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635070.

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ZusammenfassungRepeat-Erkrankungen sind hereditäre durch pathologische Expansionen sich wiederholender Triplettoder Multiplett-DNA-Sequenzen (Repeats) hervorgerufene, in der Regel multisystemische Erkrankungen. Bevorzugt das neuromuskuläre System betreffen die myotonen Dystrophien Typ 1 und 2 (DM 1, 2), die okulopharyngeale Muskeldystrophie (OPMD), die spinobulbäre Muskelatrophie (SBMA, auch Kennedy-Syndrom) und eine Form der ALS, die durch Repeat-Expansionen im C9ORF72-Gen verursacht wird. Zunehmendes Verständnis der molekularen Pathogenese dieser Erkrankungen bildet die Grundlage für neue kausale Therapiestrategien, die sich überwiegend noch im präklinischen Stadium befinden oder in ersten klinischen Studien getestet werden. Das Monitoring und die Therapie von neurologischen und internistischen Symptomen (wie respiratorischer Insuffizienz oder kardialer Mitbeteiligung) erfordert eine interdisziplinäre Betreuung.

Kinscher, J. L., F. De Santis, N. Poiata, P. Bernard, K. H. Palgunadi e I. Contrucci. "Seismic repeaters linked to weak rock-mass creep in deep excavation mining". Geophysical Journal International 222, n. 1 (2 aprile 2020): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa150.

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SUMMARY Seismic repeaters are a phenomenon rarely observed in mining environments. In this study, we show that repeaters and associated aseismic slip can be the governing mechanism behind seismic triggering in response to excavation mining, providing new perspectives for rethinking and improving standard procedures for seismic rock burst hazard assessment and mining monitoring. Evidence comes from an extensive multiplet analysis on dense spatiotemporal microseismic event clusters (−2.5 < Mw < 1) that was recorded by a local microseismic network at the Lappberget orebody in the Garpenberg mine in Sweden at around 1 km depth. Analysis involved template matching, clustering, double-difference relocation, source parameter and mechanism estimation, as well as interevent time analysis. The results show that almost 80 per cent of the analysed events can be interpreted as seismic repeaters. Source mechanisms demonstrate systematic strike-slip faulting with a significant reverse faulting component, indicating that triggering of the repeaters is sensitive to increases in the horizontal compressive stresses. We suggest that seismic repeaters represent brittle frictional parts (asperity) of creeping, planar shaped, pre-exiting structures of several metres composed of weak rock-mass materials (e.g. talc) associated with strengthening friction behaviours. This repeater model and the here used definition of asperity thus slightly differs from its meaning in classical seismological models where repeating events are related to the locked fault patches along a creeping fault. In addition, we identified different asperity types for the different repeater families that we interpret as different friction properties. Some multiplet families represent rather a transitional case between multiplet and repeater occurrences that might imply a mixture of weakening and strengthening friction processes, that is, creep and brittle rupture along neighboured plane shaped anisotropies in a heterogeneous rock mass. The exact nature of asperities and seismic and aseismic coupling of the rock mass as well as the propagation mechanism of strain and stress associated with short-term (days to weeks) and long-term (months to years) post-blast creep remains uncertain and needs to be addressed by future investigations. The understanding of these processes is particularly important for assessing hazard of larger dynamic ruptures.

Fulnecek, Jaroslav, Roman Matyasek e Ales Kovarik. "Plant 5S rDNA has multiple alternative nucleosome positions". Genome 49, n. 7 (1 luglio 2006): 840–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g06-039.

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In plants, 5S ribosomal DNA (5S rDNA) is typically found in hundreds of copies of tandemly arranged units. Nucleotide database searches revealed that the majority of 5S genes (>90%) have repeat lengths that are not simple multiples of a plant nucleosomal unit, ranging in plants from 175–185 bp. To get insight into the chromatin structure, we have determined positions of nucleosomes in the Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tomentosiformis 5S rDNA units with repeat lengths of about 430 and 645 bp, respectively. Mapping experiments carried out on isolated nucleo somal DNA revealed many (>50) micrococcal nuclease cleavage sites in each class of repeats. Permutation analysis and theoretical computer prediction showed multiple DNA bend sites, mostly located in the nontranscribed spacer region. The distance between bend sites, however, did not correspond to the average spacing of nucleosomes in 5S chromatin (~180 bp). These data indicate that 5S rDNA does not have fixed nucleosomal positioning sites and that units can be wrapped in a number of alternative nucleosome frames. Consequently, accessibility of transcription factors to cognate motifs might vary across the tandem array, potentially influencing gene expression.Key words: Nicotiana, 5S rDNA, heterochromatin, tandem repeats, nucleosomes, DNA curvature.

Schilz, Felix, Susanne Hummel e Bernd Herrmann. "Design of a multiplex PCR for genotyping 16 short tandem repeats in degraded DNA samples". Anthropologischer Anzeiger 62, n. 4 (16 dicembre 2004): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/62/2004/369.

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Tesi sul tema "Multiplets and repeats":

Namjesnik, Dalija. "Origin of seismicity related to a flooded abandoned coal mining district at Gardanne, Provence, France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0116.

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La fermeture des mines et la gestion post-minière constituent aujourd’hui un défi majeur car les problèmes engendrés peuvent impacter grandement la sécurité publique. Lorsque les mines sont abandonnées, les systèmes de pompage des eaux souterraines sont généralement arrêtés et l’eau qui remplit progressivement les vides peut affecter la stabilité mécanique des structures souterraines. En général, les mécanismes de la sismicité observée dans les districts post-miniers inondés sont mal compris. Cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la sismicité enregistrée à la suite de l’ennoyage de l’ancien bassin houiller de Gardanne, en Provence, fermée en 2003, qui connaît des problèmes importants de sismicité post-minière. La distribution spatio-temporelle des événements sismiques suggère un lien avec les épisodes de précipitations intenses ainsi qu’avec le pompage actif. La connaissance de l’origine et des mécanismes de déclenchement de l’activité sismique est la clé pour l’évaluation des risques sismiques de l’ensemble du bassin de Gardanne. Les travaux de thèse ont porté sur des questions liées à l’identification précise de l’origine de la source sismique en évaluant deux hypothèses, à la détermination du mécanisme derrière la sismicité, et le lien entre la sismicité et le système hydrogéologique, et en améliorant la détection et la localisation de la microsismicité avec un réseau clairsemé. La nouvelle méthodologie de détection et de localisation développée adapte la méthode BTBB (Poiata) basée sur la forme d’onde complète en surmontant les défis du réseau de surveillance sismique clairsemé, et inclut une nouvelle approche d’élimination du bruit de l’ensemble des données continues ainsi qu’un système de classification basé sur la qualité de la localisation. Un comportement sismique sous forme de clusters a été mis en évidence par le nouveau catalogue sismique 2014-2017, qui a ensuite fait l’objet d’une analyse plus approfondie. L’ensemble des résultats sont en faveur de l’origine des sources sismiques sur la faille en dessous de la mine. Les caractéristiques spatio-temporelles des événements sismiques et les occurrences de multiplets/répéteurs ont fourni une image plus claire des structures géologiques actives et ont permis une interprétation préliminaire des mécanismes de déclenchement possible, basée sur la comparaison avec les données hydrologiques. Malgré la compréhension générale du mécanisme de la sismicité, la magnitude maximale des événements qui peuvent être déclenchés est actuellement difficile à quantifier et à prévoir en raison des limites des données disponibles. En tant que perspective et dans le but de mieux comprendre le risque sismique, des observations plus précises de la sismicité, des paramètres mécaniques et des changements de niveau d’eau dans la zone sismique active sont nécessaires pour améliorer la compréhension de ces facteurs et de leur interconnexion
The closure of mines and post-mining management nowadays present a major challenge as the problems that arise can greatly concern public security. When mines are abandoned, groundwater pumping systems are usually stopped and the water which progressively fills the remaining voids can affect the mechanical stability of underground structures. In general, mechanisms of observed seismicity in flooded, post-mining districts have been poorly understood. As a case study, this thesis focused on the abandoned, flooded coal mine in Gardanne, France, which has been experiencing significant post-mining seismicity problems. Seismic activity in Gardanne mine seems to originate from an interaction between rocks and fluids, as spatio-temporal distribution of events suggests the link with intense rainfall events as well as the active pumping. The knowledge on the origin and the triggering mechanisms of the seismic activity in Gréasque and Regagnas sector is the key for seismic hazard assessment of the entire Gardanne basin. Thesis work focused on questions concerning precise identification of seismic source origin evaluating two hypothesis, determination of the mechanism behind the seismicity, link between seismicity and the hydrogeological system, as well as improving of the detection and location of microseismicity with a sparse network. The new developed detection and location methodology adapts the full waveform-based method BTBB by Poiata by overcoming the challenges of the sparse seismic monitoring network, and includes a novel approach for noise removal from continuous dataset as well as location quality-based classification system. The seismicity clustering behaviour was indicated by the new seismic catalogue 2014-2017, which was further analysed more thoroughly. All results are in favour of the origin of the seismic sources on the fault below the mine. Spatial and temporal characteristics of observed seismic events and multiplet and repeater occurrences provided a clearer image of the active geological structures and allowed a preliminary interpretation of possible mechanisms affecting the initiation and driving of the repeating or after-shock like behavior of seismic events, based on comparison with available hydrological data. Despite the general understanding of the mechanism behind the seismicity, the maximum magnitude of the events that can be triggered is at this moment is difficult to quantify and predict due to limitations of available data. As a prospective, in order to better understand the seismic hazard, more accurate observations of the seismicity, mechanical parameters and water level changes in the seismically active zone are required to improve the understanding and the interconnection between these factors

Skon, Luke C. "Expanding De Novo Repeat Search to Multiple Spaced Seeds". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1527860222418868.

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Wang, Hong-Long. "Multiple comparisons procedures in repeated measures designs". Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1243362325.

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Matsui, Masaru. "Xenopus Kielin : A dorsalizing factor containing multiple chordintype repeats secreted from the embryonic midline". Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151421.

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Mendoza, Baez Maria Angelica. "Genetic Individualization of Cannabis sativa by a Short Tandem Repeat Multiplex System". FIU Digital Commons, 2008. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/270.

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Cannabis sativa is the most frequently used of all illicit drugs in the United States. Cannabis has been used throughout history for its stems in the production of hemp fiber, for its seed for oil and food, and for its buds and leaves as a psychoactive drug. Short tandem repeats (STRs), were chosen as molecular markers because of their distinct advantages over other genetic methods. STRs are co-dominant, can be standardized such that reproducibility between laboratories can be easily achieved, have a high discrimination power and can be multiplexed. In this study, six STR markers previously described for Cannabis were multiplexed into one reaction. The multiplex reaction was able to individualize 98 Cannabis samples (14 hemp and 84 marijuana, authenticated as originating from 33 of the 50 United States) and detect 29 alleles averaging 4.8 alleles per loci. The data did not relate the samples from the same state to each other. This is the first study to report a single reaction six-plex and apply it to the analysis of almost 100 Cannabis samples of known geographic collection site.

Pallmann, Philip Steffen [Verfasser]. "Multiple contrast tests with repeated and multiple endpoints : with biological applications / Philip Steffen Pallmann". Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB), 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112948635/34.

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Kowalchuk, Rhonda K. D. "Repeated measures multiple comparison procedures with a mixed model analysis". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ51642.pdf.

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Yamashita, Darryl Tadao. "Using multiple imputation in Dunnett's multiple comparison procedure for the one-way repeated measures model /". The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487847309051249.

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Silber, Jennifer Michele. "Programming for the generalization of oral reading fluency a comparison of repeated readings versus repeated readings of multiple exemplars /". Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Li, Qie. "A Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Multiple Comparisons in Mixed Models". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1342530994.

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Libri sul tema "Multiplets and repeats":

Glen-Worrall, Gillian M. Repeat and multiple mating in an Australian scaly cricket, Ornebius aperta (Orthoptera: Mogoplistidae). Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Extending substructure based interactive solvers to multiple load and repeated analyses: Progress report, part III. Boulder, CO: College of Engineering, University of Colorado, 1993.

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Tony, Peatfield, IEEE P802.3 Working Group. e IEEE Computer Society, a cura di. Network systems tutorial for the IEEE std. 802.3: Repeater functions and system design topology considerations for carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) local area networks (LANs). New York: IEEE Standards Press, 1995.

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IEEE P802.3 System Topology Technical Advisory Group., a cura di. Network systems tutorial for the IEEE std. 802.3: Repeater functions and system design topology considerations for carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) local area networks (LANs). New York: IEEE Standards Press, 1995.

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Institute, American National Standards. IEEE standards for local and metropolitan area networks: Supplement to carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) access method and physical layer specifications : layer management for 10 Mb/s baseband repeaters (section 19). New York, NY: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1992.

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McCrea, Michael A., e Lindsay D. Nelson. Effects of Multiple Concussions. A cura di Ruben Echemendia e Grant L. Iverson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199896585.013.10.

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There is growing concern that suffering multiple sport-related concussions may increase an athlete’s risk of cumulative neurocognitive and neurobehavioral impairment. Many concerns have not been well-validated, however, owing to limited samples of repeatedly concussed players. In this article, we review the theoretical risks and current evidence regarding the extent to which repeat concussions impact players’ experience of and recovery following successive injuries. Concussion effects are considered at multiple levels (e.g., self-reported physical and psychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological performance, and neurophysiological measures) across both the acute and chronic phases of recovery. Recommendations for applying findings to injury management decisions are provided. Although repeat concussions appear to have the potential for cumulative neurophysiological burden, a number of factors (e.g., individual risk for experiencing or responding poorly to injury, recovery time between injuries) appear important to explain discrepant findings among studies and to translate general scientific principles into clinical decisions for individual players. Future work that accumulates larger, prospective samples will allow for clearer delineation of the factors that appear important for predicting how recurrent concussions impact individual athletes.

Roberts, Julian V., e Jan W. de Keijser. Sentencing the Multiple-Conviction Offender. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190607609.003.0008.

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This chapter focuses on the punishment of offenders sentenced for multiple offenses that have not been separated by independent prosecution and sentencing. Most scholars believe that the striking discrepancy between sentences imposed on multiple and repeat offenders cannot be justified in terms of retributivism. The existing solutions to the overpunishment of offenders convicted of multiple crimes invoke concurrent sentencing or the exercise of mercy by a sentencing court. Both approaches mitigate excessive punishment, but also create a number of problems. This chapter first considers the nature of the problem and the deficiencies of current approaches to multiple-offense sentencing before explaining how much of the gap between the repeat and the multiple offenders’ sentences can be accommodated within a retributive framework. It also describes culpability and harm as independent elements of deservedness and argues in favor of reduced sentences when the offenses are related to one another.

Shapira, Joseph, e Samuel Miller. CDMA Radio with Repeaters. Springer, 2010.

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Shapira, Joseph, e Samuel Miller. CDMA Radio with Repeaters. Springer London, Limited, 2007.

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Albin, Roger L., e Henry L. Paulson. Huntington Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0007.

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A member of the expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat family of neurodegenerative disorders, Huntington disease (HD) is a rare, autosomal, dominantly inherited neuropsychiatric disorder. Characterized by midlife onset, HD exhibits progressive motor, behavioral, and cognitive changes. There is no effective treatment and death usually ensues 15 to 20 years after diagnosis. The expanded polyglutamine repeat causes multiple cellular dysfunctions to induce neurodegeneration. Many brain regions are affected in HD though striatal degeneration is particularly prominent. Widespread availability of specific genetic testing facilitates diagnosis. Management is largely supportive care.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Multiplets and repeats":

Hans, Sachinder Singh, e Alexander D. Shepard. "Multiple-Choice Questions". In Primary and Repeat Arterial Reconstructions, 391–425. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13897-3_38.

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Tyrrell, A. J. "Multiple and Repeated Inheritance". In Eiffel Object-Oriented Programming, 222–39. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13875-3_13.

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Vergnaud, Gilles, e Christine Pourcel. "Multiple Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Analysis". In Methods in Molecular Biology, 141–58. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-999-4_12.

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Barreda, Santiago, e Noah Silbert. "Multiple quantitative predictors, dealing with large models, and Bayesian ANOVA". In Bayesian Multilevel Models for Repeated Measures Data, 346–82. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003285878-11.

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Vergnaud, Gilles, e Christine Pourcel. "Multiple Locus VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeat) Analysis". In Molecular Identification, Systematics, and Population Structure of Prokaryotes, 83–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31292-5_4.

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Munro, I. C. "Interpretation of Multiple Studies and Design of Repeat Studies". In Carcinogenicity, 227–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61364-7_26.

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Fairweather, William R. "Interpretation of Multiple Studies and Design of Repeat Studies". In Carcinogenicity, 239. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61364-7_27.

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Pechinkin, Alexander, e Sergey Shorgin. "A Geo m /G/1/n Queueing System with LIFO Discipline, Service Interruptions and Repeat Again Service, and Restrictions on the Total Volume of Demands". In Multiple Access Communications, 98–106. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15428-7_11.

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Huber, P., e J. Holtz. "Random Priming and Multiplex PCR with Three Short Tandem Repeats in Forensic Caseworks". In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 363–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78782-9_97.

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Kimpton, C., P. Gill, A. Urquhart, A. Walton, M. Adams, S. Watson e E. Millican. "Automated DNA Profiling Employing Multiplex Amplification of Short Tandem Repeat Loci". In Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 309–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78782-9_80.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Multiplets and repeats":

Wong, Jessica M., Adam L. Halberstadt, Humberto A. Sainz, Kiran S. Mathews, Brian W. Chu, Laurel J. Ng e Philemon C. Chan. "Mild Traumatic Brain Injury From Repeated Low-Level Blast Exposures". In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53542.

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Recent studies on military breachers in training environments suggest that there are neurocognitive risks from exposure to repeated low-level blasts. However, the dose accumulation effects from multiple low-level blast exposures and their relation to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are not well understood. This paper presents a controlled neurobehavioral study of behavioral effects from repeated low-level blasts delivered at ten second intervals using a rat model. A custom designed shock tube was developed to deliver repeated low-level blasts to rats at short intervals on the order of seconds. A total of 192 rats were divided into three cohorts of 64 for testing. Each cohort was exposed to a different blast intensity (7.5, 15, or 25 psi reflective pressure with durations <0.25 ms), and each cohort was further divided into four levels of blast repetition (0, 5, 10, or 15 repeats). Shock tube blasts were directed at the rat’s head, and startle with prepulse inhibition (PPI) and fear learning and extinction behavioral tests were performed to evaluate the blast effects. Behavioral testing results showed that repeated low-level blasts can affect PPI and contextual fear recall. PPI was not affected by repeated exposures to 7.5 psi blasts, but repeated 15 and 25 psi blasts disrupted PPI. All cohorts showed significant fear learning, but the highest blast group (25 psi, 15 repeats) had disruptions in spatial memory recall. None of the cohorts showed effects on cued fear recall or fear extinction and retention. The data collected are being used in continuous research to understand how the behavioral changes relate to mTBI, and how these animal tests can be scaled and modeled to interpret possible outcomes for humans.

Federico, M., P. Peterlongo e N. Pisanti. "An optimized filter for finding multiple repeats in DNA sequences". In 2010 IEEE/ACS International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aiccsa.2010.5587026.

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Kommedal, Jan H., Olav I. Barkved, Jean‐Paul van Gestel e Ruth S. H. Pettersen. "Processing strategies for multiple repeat 4D seismic". In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2007. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2793075.

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Arnautu, Irina, e Ioan Cioara. "ARAHPAINT, A POWERFUL DESIGNING TOOL FOR TEXTILE REPEAT PATTERNS". In eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-243.

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Textile design is basically the process of creating designs for woven, knitted or printed fabrics. To create a seamless repeat pattern or design on a textile fabric are used different traditional and digital art techniques. A pencil and paper could be present during the first part of this process. In order to complete a design and transfer it to the textile surface, before fabric weaving, knitting or printing process, it is necessary to use professional software. ArahPaint is Arahne's open source software which can be downloaded it for free along with a demo version of programs ArahWeave for weaving and ArahDrape for mapping. ArahPaint is a drawing program for the textile professionals, but in equal measure and for the engineering students who intend to develop their full creative potential as surface textile pattern designers. This paper presents the advantages of using ArahPaint as an inspired and unlimited teaching tool based on the elements and principles of construction of seamless repeat patterns. Some of the most important features of ArahPaint program are related to ability to magnifying the drawings with a specifiable scale, degree of magnification and units, to working with large images up to 30.000 x 30.000 pixels, to drawing instantaneous in seamless repeat across borders, to viewing multiple repeats, to previewing the pattern in repeat and to generating fast pattern designs with special filters. ArahPaint contains many other useful tools for creative works, which, obviously, can never replace the human creativity, imagination and innovation, but can be used to explore a variety of repeat pattern formats. In connection with the process of converting a design idea into a fabric are presented the steps and modalities to creating repeat patterns for Jacquard woven fabrics.

Kulkarni, V. V., e M. G. Safonov. "All multipliers for repeated monotone nonlinearities". In Proceedings of American Control Conference. IEEE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2001.946092.

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Graell i Amat, Alexandre, e Eirik Rosnes. "Stopping set analysis of repeat multiple-accumulate codes". In 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2009.5205334.

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Immorlica, Nicole, Brendan Lucier, Emmanouil Pountourakis e Samuel Taggart. "Repeated Sales with Multiple Strategic Buyers". In EC '17: ACM Conference on Economics and Computation. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3033274.3085130.

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Koller, Christian, Alexandre Graell i Amat, Jorg Kliewer e Daniel J. Costello. "Trapping set enumerators for repeat multiple accumulate code ensembles". In 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - ISIT. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2009.5205355.

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Fagnani, Fabio, e Chiara Ravazzi. "Spectra and minimum distances of repeat multiple accumulate codes". In 2008 Information Theory and Applications Workshop (ITA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ita.2008.4601028.

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Rosnes, Eirik, e Alexandre Graell i Amat. "Performance analysis of weighted nonbinary repeat multiple-accumulate codes". In 2010 6th International Symposium on Turbo Codes & Iterative Information Processing (ISTC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istc.2010.5613848.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Multiplets and repeats":

Liu, Zhanjiang John, Rex Dunham e Boaz Moav. Developmental and Evaluation of Advanced Expression Vectors with Both Enhanced Integration and Stable Expression for Transgenic Farmed Fish. United States Department of Agriculture, dicembre 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585196.bard.

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The objectives of the project were to develop expression vectors using the Sleeping Beauty transposon technology and the genetic border elements to provide both enhanced integration rate and stable transgene expression, and to evaluate the application of such vectors in farmed fish such as catfish and carp. The panel recommended adding the objective of evaluating the endogenous transposable elements, particularly in catfish, in order to evaluate the applicability of the expression vectors while reduc1ng efforts in real production of transgenic fish considering the focus of the project was to develop the vector and evaluation of its applicability, not producing transgenic fish. Efficient production of transgenic farmed fish is hindered by two major problems: mosaicism due to delayed integration after single-cell stage, and silencing of transgene expression. In this project, we proposed to combat these problems by coupling the Sleeping Beauty transposon technology that can enhance integration rate and the border elements that can insulate transgene from position effect. Our major objective was to develop a new generation of expression vector that contains both of these elements. We have developed expression vectors containing both the Sleeping Beauty transposon signals, inverted repeats and direct repeats (IR and DR, respectively), and the border elements, scs and scs'. Growth hormone minigene has been cloned into this vector for applications of such vectors in growth enhancement. Luc reporter gene has been also cloned into this vector cascades for relative easy evaluation of transgene expression. Transgenic fish have been produced using these expression vectors in both catfish (US) and carp (Israel). Much effort was also devoted to evaluation of the endogenous transposable elements in catfish as recommended by the BARD grant panel. Multiple families of Tcl-like transposons were identified from catfish. Surprisingly, many Tc I-related transcripts were identified. Among these transcripts, both the sense and antisense transcripts were present. Some of the transcripts may be useful for development of novel transposase-based technology for aquaculture applications in the future. This project has both scientific and aquaculture implications. First, to develop expression vectors containing both IR/DR and scs/scs' repeated elements have been reported being extremely technically difficult due to excision of the repeated sequences by the E. coli host during cloning processes. We have successfully constructed this advanced vector that contained very complex cascades for both gene integration and gene regulation. We have produced transgenic fish using such vectors. This advanced expression vector should be useful for production of transgenic fish. By simply replacing the growth hormone gene, any gene of interest can be readily inserted in this vector. Thus this vector should provide technological possibility for early integration and stable expression of any economically important genes in aquaculture. We have also evaluated the applications of the Sleeping Beauty-based vectors in terms of the impact of gene size and found that the size of trans gene drastically affects transposition. The system will be only useful for transferring genes smaller than 5.6 kb. We have also identified novel transposase-related transcripts that may be useful for the development of novel transposase-based technologies for general scientific research and for aquaculture applications.

Huntington, Dale. Meeting women's health care needs after abortion. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2000.1036.

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Women who seek emergency treatment for abortion complications—bleeding, infection, and injuries to the reproductive tract system—should be a priority group for reproductive health care programs. These women often receive poor-quality services that do not address their multiple health needs. They may be discharged without counseling on postoperative recuperation, family planning (FP), or other reproductive health (RH) issues. Women who have had an induced abortion due to an unwanted pregnancy are likely to have a repeat abortion unless they receive appropriate FP counseling and services. Preventing repeat unsafe abortions is important for RH programs because it saves women's lives, protects women’s health, and reduces the need for costly emergency services for abortion complications. At the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, the world's governments called for improvements in postabortion medical services. As part of the resulting international postabortion care initiative, the Population Council’s Operations Research and Technical Assistance projects worked collaboratively to conduct research on interventions to improve postabortion care. This brief summarizes the major findings of this research and relevant studies by other international organizations.

Zerbib, Olivier, Yaniv Hadi, Daniel Kovarsky, Gal Sahaf Levin, Tamar Gottesman, Mor Darkhovsky e Shaul Lev. Multiple Recurrent Pneumothoraces and Thoracic Drain Insertion in a Mechanically Ventilated Patient Suffering from Methadone Induced Cardiomyopathy. Science Repository, gennaio 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jcmcr.2022.01.02.

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Objective: To describe the experience of a multimodal therapeutic approach in a patient with methadone-induced dilated cardiomyopathy who developed recurrent bilateral tension pneumothorax. Setting: Department of Intensive Care. Patient: A patient with methadone-induced cardiomyopathy and severe left ventricular dysfunction who after mechanical ventilation underwent bilateral tension pneumothorax and prolonged cardiovascular resuscitation (CPR). Interventions: Cardiac Angiography, Multiple counter–shock (defibrillator dose), Multiple Thoracic Drains. Case Report: A 56-year-old man with past IV drug abuse and severe left ventricular dysfunction was transferred from the intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU) to our intensive care unit (ICU) ward due to suspected aspiration pneumonia. Multiple attempts of weaning off mechanical ventilation were unsuccessful, followed by development of septic shock. Following cardiothoracic consultation, two thoracic drains were placed. Due to repeated events of bilateral tension pneumothorax and CPR attempts, a total of seven thoracic drains were placed, permitting rapid control and improvement in the patient status. The possibility of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) was not considered as supportive care due to methadone use and severe secondary cardiomyopathy. In the following days, control and stabilization of the patient status was obtained. Vasopressor treatment withdrawal, cessation of drainage and removal of five thoracic access points were successfully performed prior to percutaneous tracheostomy. The two remaining drains were removed later on during hospitalization. After 29 days in the ICU, the patient was discharged to a step down ward.

Patston, L. L. M., A. N. Henry, M. McEwen, J. Mannion e L. A. Ewens-Volynkina. Thinking While Standing: An exploratory study on the effect of standing on cognitive performance. Unitec ePress, settembre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.32017.

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Sedentary behaviour is extremely prevalent in Western societies and is significantly associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality that cannot be mitigated by physical activity. The introduction of standing desks into the workplace offers a solution to this inactivity, but there is limited investigation regarding the effects of standing on cognition, which is a major consideration in much office-based work. In this study we aimed to provide an exploratory investigation on the effect on cognitive performance of standing while working. We tested 30 office-based adults on a battery of 19 cognitive tasks (tapping five cognitive domains) in a randomised, repeatedmeasures crossover design study. Two conditions (standing versus sitting) were investigated over two 7.5-hour work days including morning, midday and afternoon sessions (Time of Day). Effects were analysed using multivariate two-way repeated-measures ANOVAs (Condition by Time of Day) for five cognitive domains. Overall, after correcting for multiple comparisons, there were no differences in performance between sitting and standing. At an uncorrected level, however, significant effects of Condition were found in three of the 19 tasks, with all demonstrating better performance while standing. Importantly, these results suggest that there is no detriment to cognitive performance through standing. They also provide an initial indication that there may be cognitive benefits of standing in the attention and working memory domains, which may be a promising avenue for future inquiry.

McElwain, Terry F., Eugene Pipano, Guy H. Palmer, Varda Shkap, Stephn A. Hines e Wendy C. Brown. Protection of Cattle against Babesiosis: Immunization against Babesia bovis with an Optimized RAP-1/Apical Complex Construct. United States Department of Agriculture, settembre 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573063.bard.

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Previous research and current efforts at control of babesiosis fall short of meeting the needs of countries where the disease is endemic, such as Israel, as well as the needs of exporting countries and countries bordering on endemic areas, such as the U.S. Our long-term goal is to develop improved methods of immunization against bovine babesiosis based on an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune protection and parasite targets of a protective immune response. In our previous BARD project, we established the basis for focusing on rhoptry antigens as components of a subunit vaccine against bovine babesiosis, and for additional research to better characterize rhoptry associated protein-1 (RAP-1) as a target of protective immunity. In this continuation BARD project, our objectives were to [1] optimize the immune response against RAP-1, and [2] identify additional rhoptry candidate vaccine antigens. The entire locus encoding B. bovis RAP-1 was sequenced, and the rap-1 open reading frame compared among several strains. Unlike B. bigemina, in which multiple gene copies with variant domains encode RAP-1, the B. bovis RAP-1 locus contains only two identical genes which are conserved among strains. Through testing of multiple truncated constructs of rRAP-1, one or more immunodominant T cell epitopes were mapped to the amino terminal half of RAP-1. At least one linear and one conformational B cell epitope have been demonstrated in the same amino terminal construct, which in B. bigemina RAP-1 also contains an epitope recognized by neutralizing antibody. The amine terminal half of the molecule represents the most highly conserved part of the gene family and contains motifs conserved broadly among the apicomplexa. In contrast, the carboxy terminal half of B. bovis RAP-1 is less well conserved and contains multiple repeats encoding a linear B cell epitope potentially capable of inducing an ineffective, T cell independent, type 2 immune response. Therefore, we are testing an amino terminal fragment of RAP-1 (RAP-1N) in an immunization trial in cattle. Cattle have beer immunized with RAP-1N or control antigen, and IL-12 with Ribi adjuvant. Evaluation of the immune response is ongoing, and challenge with virulent B. bovis will occur in the near future. While no new rhoptry antigens were identified, our studies did identify and characterize a new spherical body antigen (SBP3), and several heat shock proteins (HSP's). The SBP3 and HSP21 antigens stimulate T cells from immune cattle and are considered new vaccine candidates worthy of further testing. Overall, we conclude that a single RAP-1 vaccine construct representing the conserved amino terminal region of the molecule should be sufficient for immunization against all strains of B. bovis. While results of the ongoing immunization trial will direct our next research steps, results at this time are consistent with our long term goal of designing a subunit vaccine which contains only the epitopes relevant to induction of protective immunity. Parallel studies are defining the mechanisms of protective immunity. Apicomplexan protozoa, including babesiosis and malaria, cause persistent diseases for which control is inadequate. The apical organelles are defining features of these complex protozoa, and have been conserved through the evolutionary process, Past and current BARD projects on babesiosis have established the validity and potential of exploiting these conserved organelles in developing improved control methods applicable to all apicomplexan diseases.

Davidson, Irit, Hsing-Jien Kung e Richard L. Witter. Molecular Interactions between Herpes and Retroviruses in Dually Infected Chickens and Turkeys. United States Department of Agriculture, gennaio 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575275.bard.

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Tumors in commercial poultry are caused mainly by infection with avian herpes and retroviruses, the herpesvirus Marek's disease virus (MDV) and the retroviruses, reticuloendotheliosis (REV), lymphoid leukosis, subgroups A-I and J (ALV and ALV-J) in chickens, or Iymphoprolipherative disease (LPDV) in turkeys. Infection with one virus aggravates the clinical outcome of birds that are already infected by another oncogenic virus. As these viruses do not interfere for infection, MDV and one or more retroviruses can infect the same flock, the same bird and the same cell. While infecting the same cell, herpes and retroviruses might interact in at least three ways: a) Integration of retrovirus genomes, or genomic fragments (mainly the LTR) into MDV;b) alteration of LTR-driven expression of retroviral genes by MDV immediate- early genes, and c) by herpesvirus induced cellular transcriptional factors. The first type of molecular interaction have been demonstrated to happen efficiently in vitro by Dr. Kung, in cases multiple infection of cell cultures with MDV and REV or MDV and ALV. Moreover, Dr. Witter showed that an in vitro-created recombinant, RM1, had altered in vitro replication and in vivo biological properties. A more comprehensive characterization of RM1 was carried out in the present project. We sought to highlight whether events of such integrations occur also in the bird, in vivo. For that, we had first to determine the prevalence of dually-infected individual birds in commercial flocks, as no systematic survey has been yet reported. Surprisingly, about 25% of the commercial flocks infected with avian oncogenic viruses had a multiple virus infection and 5% of the total samples ana lysed had multiple virus sequences. Then, we aimed to evaluate and characterize biologically and molecularly the resulting recombinants, if formed, and to analyse the factors that affect these events (virus strains, type and age of birds and time interval between the infection with both viruses). The perception of retrovirus insertions into herpesviruses in vivo is not banal, as the in vivo and in vitro systems differ in the viral-target cells, lymphocytes or fibroblasts, in the MDV-replicative type, transforming or productive, and the immune system presence. We realized that previous methods employed to study in vitro created recombinant viruses were not adequate for the study of samples taken directly from the bird. Therefore, the Hot Spot-combined PCR was developed based on the molecularly known RM1 virus. Also, the PFGE that was used for tissue cultured-MDV separation was inefficient for separating MDV from organs, but useful with feather tips as a source of bird original MDV. Much attention was dedicated now to feathers, because if a recombinant virus would be formed in vivo, its biological significance would be evident by horizontal dissemination through the feathers. Major findings were: a) not only in vitro, but also in vivo MDV and retrovirus co-infections lead to LTR integrations into MDV. That was shown by the detection of chimeric molecules. These appeared in low quantities and as quasispecies, thus interfering with sequence analysis of cloned gel-purified chimeric molecules. Mainly inserts were located in the repeat long MDV fragments. In field birds chimeric molecules were detected at a lower frequency (2.5%) than in experimentally infected birds (30-50%). These could be transmitted experimentally to another birds by inoculation with chimeric molecules containing blood. Several types of chimeric molecules were formed, and same types were detected in birds infected by a second round. To reproduce viral integrations, in vivo infection trials were done with field inoculate that contained both viruses, but the chimeric molecule yield was undetectable.

Steffenson, B. J., I. Mayrose, Gary J. Muehlbauer e A. Sharon. ing and comparative sequence analysis of powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance gene complements in wild barley. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134173.bard.

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Our overall, long-term goal is to exploit the genetic diversity present in cereal wild relatives for the development of cultivars with durable disease resistance. Our specific objectives for this proposal were to: 1) Utilize Association Genetics Resistance Gene Enrichment Sequencing (AgRenSeq) to identify and clone powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance gene complements in wild barley and 2) Conduct comparative sequence analyses of the cloned resistance genes to elucidate the basis of their specificity and evolution. The deployment of resistant cultivars is the most effective, economically efficient, and environmentally sound means of controlling plant diseases, especially in small grain cereals. The systems selected for study in this proposal are barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare, Hvv), its wild progenitor (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum, Hvs) and the powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, Bgs) and leaf rust (Puccinia hordei, Ph) pathogens. We compiled a diverse panel of Hvs accessions (the Wild Barley Diversity Collection or WBDC; N = 314) from across its native range and evaluated it to 40 isolates of Bgs and 12 isolates of Ph. We obtained genomic DNA sequences enriched for Nucleotide Binding Site-Leucine Rich Repeat (NLR) type resistance genes for 203 WBDC accessions, plus cultivar Morex for which the first reference genome sequence of barley was based. We assembled the 250 bp Illumina sequencing reads into contigs using CLC assembly cell. From this effort, we successfully assembled the sequences of 201 WBDC accessions plus Morex and used NLR Parser to identify contigs containing NLR genes. AgRenSeq was then used to identify k-mers (short oligonucleotide sequences of length k) that were associated with resistance to each isolate of the two pathogens. This analysis was performed individually for all WBDC accessions and each individual pathogen race (9,898 host accession x pathogen race combinations). We visualized the results from these analyses in Manhattan plots and identified 311 and 144 peaks for powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance, respectively. The next step in the analysis was to identify the contigs associated with the peaks in the Manhattan plots. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) searches were employed to identify closely related contigs in other WBDC accessions or in Morex. We identified two candidate R genes that were only present in resistant WBDC accessions. One of these was present in seven WBDC lines and was associated with resistance to four leaf rust isolates. BLAST analysis of this gene revealed that it was Rph15, one of the most widely effective leaf rust resistance genes reported in Hordeum. This gene was cloned and functionally validated in association with our Australian colleagues (Cheng et al., 2021). We are currently in the process of cloning six of other resistance genes: four for powdery mildew and two for leaf rust. As the contigs do not contain much of the promoter sequences, we have employed a genome walking approach to identify 2,500 bp of promoter sequence. To speed up and simplify the cloning of resistance genes from the WBDC, the PI established the International Wild Barley Sequencing Consortium (IWBSC; https://iwbsc.umn.edu/) comprised of over 60 researchers from 14 different countries and raised over $150,000 through crowdfunding to pay for 10X depth sequence coverage. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of whole genome sequencing (WGS) data identified extremely strong and clear signals of association for several resistance genes which will facilitate gene cloning in concert with a wild barley pan-genome currently under construction. The cloning of multiple resistance gene can facilitate the development of durably resistant cultivars by inserting, through transgenesis, cassettes of multiple resistance genes.

Cazenave, Pablo. PR-328-153721-R01 Development of an Industry Test Facility and Qualification Process for ILI Technology. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), dicembre 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011020.

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The project "Development of an Industry Test Facility and Qualification Processes for in-line inspection (ILI) technology Evaluation and Enhancements" aims to expand knowledge of ILI technology performance and identify gaps where new technology is needed. Additionally, this project aims to provide a continuing resource for ILI technology developers, researchers and pipeline operators to have access to test samples with a range of pipeline integrity threats and vintages and in-line technology test facilities at the Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI) Technology Development and Deployment Center (TDC), a PRCI managed facility available for future industry and PHMSA research projects. An ILI pull test facility was designed and constructed as part of this project based on industry state of the art and opportunities for capability improvement. The major ILI technology provid-ers, together with pipeline operator team members, reviewed the TDC sample inventory and de-signed a series of ILI performance tests illustrating one of multiple possible research objectives, culminating in 16 inch and 24 inch nominal diameter test strings. The ILI technology providers proposed appropriate inspection tools based on limited knowledge of the integrity conditions in the test strings, a series of pull tests of the provided ILI tools were performed and the technology providers delivered reports of integrity anomaly location and physical dimensions for perfor-mance evaluation. PRCI engaged Blade Energy Partners, Ltd. (Blade) to conduct the evaluation of the ILI data obtained from repeated testing on the 16 and 24 inch pipeline strings at the TDC. Blade Energy was also requested by the PRCI Project Team to incorporate prior work concerning the development of the PRCI ILI test facility to serve as a final report for the PRCI project. The resulting data was analyzed, aligned, compared to truth data and evaluated by Blade, with the findings presented in this report. Quantitative measures of detection and sizing performance were disclosed in-confidence to the individual ILI technology providers. For instances where ILI predictions were outside of claimed performance, the vendors were given a limited sample of actual defect data to enable re-analysis, thus demonstrating the potential for improved integrity assessment with validation measurements. This report has a related webinar.

Weiss, David, e Neil Olszewski. Manipulation of GA Levels and GA Signal Transduction in Anthers to Generate Male Sterility. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580678.bard.

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The original objectives of the research were: i. To study the role of GA in anther development, ii. To manipulate GA and/or GA signal transduction levels in the anthers in order to generate male sterility. iii. To characterize the GA signal transduction repressor, SPY. Previous studies have suggested that gibberellins (GAs) are required for normal anther development. In this work, we studied the role of GA in the regulation of anther development in petunia. When plants were treated with the GA-biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol, anther development was arrested. Microscopic analysis of these anthers revealed that paclobutrazol inhibits post-meiotic developmental processes. The treated anthers contained pollen grains but the connective tissue and tapetum cells were degenerated. The expression of the GA-induced gene, GIP, can be used in petunia as a molecular marker to: study GA responses. Analyses of GIP expression during anther development revealed that the gene is induced only after microsporogenesis. This observation further suggests a role for GA in the regulation of post-meiotic processes during petunia anther development. Spy acts as a negative regulator of gibberellin (GA) action in Arabidopsis. We cloned the petunia Spy homologue, PhSPY, and showed that it can complement the spy-3 mutation in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of Spy in transgenic petunia plants affected various GA-regulated processes, including seed germination, shoot elongation, flower initiation, flower development and the expression of a GA- induced gene, GIP. In addition, anther development was inhibited in the transgenic plants following microsporogenesis. The N-terminus of Spy contains tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR). TPR motifs participate in protein-protein interactions, suggesting that Spy is part of a multiprotein complex. To test this hypothesis, we over-expressed the SPY's TPR region without the catalytic domain in transgenic petunia and generated a dominant- negative Spy mutant. The transgenic seeds were able to germinate on paclobutrazol, suggesting an enhanced GA signal. Overexpression of PhSPY in wild type Arabidopsis did not affect plant stature, morphology or flowering time. Consistent with Spy being an O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), Spy expressed in insect cells was shown to O-GlcNAc modify itself. Consistent with O-GlcNAc modification playing a role in GA signaling, spy mutants had a reduction in the GlcNAc modification of several proteins. After treatment of the GA deficient, gal mutant, with GA3 the GlcNAc modification of proteins of the same size as those affected in spy mutants exhibited a reduction in GlcNAcylation. GA-induced GlcNAcase may be responsible for this de-GlcNAcylation because, treatment of gal with GA rapidly induced an increase in GlcNAcase activity. Several Arabidopsis proteins that interact with the TPR domain of Spy were identified using yeast two-hybrids screens. One of these proteins was GIGANTEA (GI). Consistent with GI and Spy functioning as a complex in the plant the spy-4 was epistatic to gi. These experiments also demonstrated that, in addition to its role in GA signaling, Spy functions in the light signaling pathways controlling hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic induction of flowering. A second Arabidopsis OGT, SECRET AGENT (SCA), was discovered. Like SPY, SCA O-GlcNAc modifies itself. Although sca mutants do not exhibit dramatic phenotypes, spy/sca double mutants exhibit male and female gamete and embryo lethality, indicating that Spy and SCA have overlapping functions. These results suggest that O-GlcNAc modification is an essential modification in plants that has a role in multiple signaling pathways.

Lafrancois, Toben, Mark Hove e Jay Glase. Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) distribution in Apostle Islands National Lakeshore: SCUBA-based search and removal efforts: 2019–2020. National Park Service, maggio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293376.

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Invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were first observed in situ at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) in 2015. This report builds on 2018 SCUBA surveys and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) veliger sampling to: 1) determine whether shoals on APIS borders act as sentinel sites to corroborate veliger drift hypotheses about invasion pathways, 2) evaluate ongoing hand-removal of zebra mussels from easily identified structures, and 3) continue efforts to assess native unionid mussel populations, particularly where zebra mussels are also present. Standard catch per unit effort survey methods by SCUBA teams were used to determine the distribution and relative abundance of zebra or quagga mussels (dreissenids) and native mussels (unionids). Zebra mussels were present at densities between 3 and 42 n/diver/hr (number of mussels per diver per hour), while native unionids were present at densities between 5 and 72 n/diver/hr. Shoal surveys (Eagle Island shoal, Sand Island shoal, York Island shoal, Bear Island shoal, Oak Island shoal, and Gull Island shoal) showed zebra mussels were more abundant on the west side of APIS and absent on the easternmost shoal (Gull Island), corroborating veliger work by the EPA that suggested drift from the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, is one pathway of invasion. Our results support the use of shallow shoals along the periphery of the park as sentinel sites gauging zebra mussel immigration and population dynamics. Zebra mussel densities in the central islands showed no obvious spatial pattern, and this survey cannot determine whether currents or human transport (or both) are invasion vectors. Given the mussels’ continued presence at heavily used mooring areas and docks where there are no zebra mussels on nearby natural features (e.g., Rocky Island dock, Stockton Island mooring areas), our findings are consistent with multiple invasion pathways (drift from the Twin Ports and anthropogenic sources at mooring areas). SCUBA search and removal of zebra mussels from docks was confirmed to be an effective method for significantly lowering the risk of zebra mussels reproducing and dispersing from these locations. We caution that this work is being done on what look like initial invasions at low densities. Repeated removal of zebra mussels by divers reduced numbers to zero at some sites after one year (South Twin docks, Stockton Island NPS docks, and the Ottawa wreck) or decreased numbers by an order of magnitude (Rocky Island docks). Dreissenid densities were more persistent on the Sevona wreck and longer-term work is required to evaluate removal versus recruitment (local and/or veliger drift). Given the size of the wreck, we have tracked detailed survey maps to guide future efforts. Zebra mussels were again observed attached to native mussels near Stockton Island and South Twin Island. Their continued presence on sensitive native species is of concern. Native unionid mussels were more widely distributed in the park than previously known, with new beds found near Oak and Basswood Islands. The work reported here will form the basis for continued efforts to determine the optimal frequency of zebra mussel removal for effective control, as well as evaluate impacts on native species.