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1
Memon, Abdul Jabbar, Mukhtiar Ahmed Mahar, Abdul Sattar Larik e Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh. "A Comprehensive Review of Reduced Device Count Multilevel Inverters for PV Systems". Energies 16, n. 15 (26 luglio 2023): 5638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16155638.
Abstract (sommario):
This article presents a comprehensive review of reduced device count multilevel inverter (RDC MLI) topologies for PV systems. Multilevel inverters are widely used in medium-voltage and high-power applications such as wireless power transform applications, flexible AC transmission (FACT), active filters, AC motor drives, high-voltage DC transmission (HVDC), and renewable energy sources due to their high modularity and high-power quality output. Multilevel inverters have the ability to diminish the harmonics content in the output voltage by applying various modulation techniques. The literature in this field showed that the high-power quality and high modularity of the output demand an undeniable need for multilevel inverter topology. Research in this field has identified various multilevel inverter topologies, each possessing their own merits and demerits. The ubiquitous availability of multilevel inverter topologies illustrates the complexity of their accurate selection. To avoid such complexity, this review shows the state of the art of various reduced device count (RDC) multilevel inverter (MLI) topologies. Details of the various RDC MLIs, along with their comparisons, are provided in this paper. This review will be an important reference tool for future work on RDC MLI for photovoltaic (PV) systems.
2
Ahmad, Marwan E., Ali H. Numan e Dhari Y. Mahmood. "Enhancing performance of grid-connected photovoltaic systems based on three-phase five-level cascaded inverter". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, n. 4 (1 dicembre 2021): 2295. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i4.pp2295-2304.
Abstract (sommario):
<span lang="EN-US">Multilevel inverters play an important role in power converters due to their good advantages. The cascaded H-bridge inverter is one of the most prominent and most suitable multilevel inverters in PV systems. Each H-bridge has a separate photovoltaic (PV) array as an independent direct current (DC) source. This paper introduces a three-phase cascaded H-bridge inverter with five levels connected to the grid to improve the performance and efficiency of the photovoltaic system. In the proposed system, each PV group has MPPT to extract the maximum power point from the PV group at certain irradiation and temperature and also to mitigate the mismatch that causes in the imbalance transmitted power from inverter to the main grid. The proposed control scheme with modulation compensation was used, and the system was simulated in MATLAB/Simulink with two different scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed connection in minimizing the total harmonic distortion (THD) to acceptable limit, low overshoot, and fast-tracking to the desired value.</span>
3
Bughneda, Ali, Mohamed Salem, Anna Richelli, Dahaman Ishak e Salah Alatai. "Review of Multilevel Inverters for PV Energy System Applications". Energies 14, n. 6 (12 marzo 2021): 1585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061585.
Abstract (sommario):
Over the last decade, energy demand from the power grid has increased significantly due to the increasing number of users and the emergence of high-power industries. This has led to a significant increase in global emissions with conventional energy generation. Therefore, the penetration of renewable energy resources into the power grid has increased significantly. Photovoltaic systems have become the most popular resources as their protentional is enormous, thus, the worldwide installed PV capacity has increased to more than 635 gigawatts (GW), covering approximately 2% of the global electricity demand. Power electronics are an essential part of photovoltaic generation; the drive for efficient power electronic converters is gaining more and more momentum. Presently, multilevel inverters (MLI) have become more attractive to researchers compared to two-level inverters due to their abilities to provide lower electromagnetic interference, higher efficiency, and larger DC link voltages. This paper reviews multilevel inverters based on their classifications, development, and challenges with practical recommendations in utilizing them in renewable energy systems. Moreover, PV systems with various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods have been extensively considered in this paper as well. The importance and the development of a modified multilevel inverter are also highlighted in this review. In general, this paper focuses on utilizing multilevel inverters for PV systems to motivate and guide society to focus on inventing an efficient and economical multilevel inverter that has the combined capabilities of these converters reported in the literature.
4
Sathish Kumar, S., R. Ramkumar, S. Sivarajeswari, D. Ramya, T. Subburaj e Martin Sankoh. "Performance Enhancement of a Three Phase Boost-Cascaded Fifteen Level Inverter Using the PI Controller". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (19 maggio 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3888571.
Abstract (sommario):
Photovoltaic power generation is a potential alternative energy source that offers several benefits over other alternative energy sources such as wind, sun, ocean, biomass, geothermal, and so on. Multilevel inverters are essential for power conversion in solar power generation. These multilevel inverters employ three distinct topologies: diode-clamped (neutral-point clamped) inverter, capacitor-clamped (flying capacitor) inverter, and cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. The cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter is more appropriate for photovoltaic applications than the other two topologies. The proposed system asymmetrical cascaded multilevel inverter (ACMLI) is energized using a photovoltaic system (PV). A three-phase cascaded H-bridge fifteen-level inverter for grid-connected solar systems is given in this study utilizing a proportional integral controller. The harmonic distortion was removed using a multicarrier pulse width modulation method. The MATLAB/Simulink is used to simulate the performance of a three-phase cascaded H-bridge fifteen-level inverter in terms of harmonic content and number of switches. To test the performance of the designed system, a hardware prototype was created. From the obtained results, the proposed method reduces the switch count, harmonic distortion, and rejects the external disturbances of input and output variables.
5
Kiruba Samuel, C. S., e K. Ramani. "Performance Analysis of Seven Level Multilevel Inverter Using Renewable Energy Systems". Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 1, n. 2 (5 novembre 2012): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2012.1.2.1682.
Abstract (sommario):
With the increasing concerns on energy issues, the development of renewable energy sources is becoming more and more attractive. A new kind of wind-PV hybrid generated system that comprises of wind and photovoltaic generation subsystems as input to a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter is developed in this paper. In conventional methods the inverter with solar and wind energy sources are used. In this method a seven level multilevel inverter with wind–PV hybrid generation system as input are proposed for application to remote and isolated areas. The wind and the solar light are captured in greatest degree, as well as the multilevel inverter using pulse width modulation technique is adopted. The objectives of this hybrid system are, to satisfy the load power demand and, presence of high number of output levels in inverter to maintain the dc output voltage level of the inverter to produce a nearly sinusoidal output. This reduces harmonics in inverter output voltage. This paper discusses about the control of seven-level H-bridge cascaded multilevel inverter with Fast Fourier Transform analysis in inverter output voltage through simulation. The simulated wind-PV system consists of an AC-to-DC boost converter, aDC-to-AC nverter, a photovoltaic module, and wind module. Its shown by the simulations that a multilevel inverter utilizing renewable resource has lower Total Harmonics Distortion in output voltage. In this paper comparison of conventional inverter and proposed seven level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter using solar and wind energy sources are presented.
6
Tiwari, Pawan Kumar, e Mrs Madhu Upadhyay. "Converter Topologies and Optimization Control in PV Systems for on Grid Load Applications Study". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 6, n. 9 (29 settembre 2020): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v6i9.321.
Abstract (sommario):
Renewable energy sources around the world, especially solar energy, are increasing dramatically in the face of energy shortages and environmental concerns. The cascade multistage converter structure can be fascinating for high performance solar photovoltaic (PV) systems due to its interchangeability, extension and MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) exemption. However, power divergence in cascaded unified PV converter modules can result in unstable system voltage and operation. This article introduced multilevel inverter and H-bridge multilevel cascaded inverter, as well as the power requirements of PV inverters. This paper examines the effects of reactive power compensation and optimization on the safety and performance characteristics of the system and proposes a synchronized distribution of active and reactive power in the network to reduce this instability.
7
Jammu, Akhil, Vamshi Krishna Gajula, Yashwanth Guntuka e Mounika Dasari. "Nine-level cascaded multilevel inverter for PV systems". i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering 15, n. 4 (2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jee.15.4.18840.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper presents an improved Cascaded Multilevel Inverter (CMLI) based on a highly efficient and reliable configuration for the minimization of the leakage current. The suggested technique also exhibits minimal switching and conduction losses in addition to having fewer switches. The proposed topology using the specified, high-frequency voltage is decreased by the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) approach, voltage changes at the terminal and commonmode levels. Keeping away from high-frequency voltage changes results in the reduction in leakage current and a reduction in the size EMI filter. In addition, the continuation of the CMLI and the PWM method for 2m+1 levels is also shown, where m denotes quantity, solar energy, photovoltaic (PV) sources. The suggested PWM to cover all 2m+1, only one carrier wave is required levels of performance. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is the planned CMLI network current that meets the specifications of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1547 standard. The paper also includes a comparison of the proposed CMLI topology and the existing multilevel inverter (MLI) PV topology. The article presents the full features of the common-mode and photovoltaic voltage terminal analysis proposed by CMLI using switching function ideas, simulations, and experimental results.
8
Rechach, Abdelkrim, Sihem Ghoudelbourk e Mihoub Mohamed Larbi. "Impact of Choice of Neutral Point Clamped and H-Bridge Multilevel Inverters for PV Systems". European Journal of Electrical Engineering 24, n. 4 (31 agosto 2022): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ejee.240406.
Abstract (sommario):
The exploitation of solar energy and the universal interest in photovoltaic systems have increased nowadays due to galloping energy consumption and current geopolitical and economic issues. This has led to high technical and economic requirements. The PV system still faces major obstacles such as high cost and low efficiency compared to other renewable technologies. In addition, the photovoltaic system suffers from the rate of undesirable harmonics of the generated power which could alter the quality of energy and the performance requested by users. In order to remedy this problem, the use of the multi-level inverter is in these cases one of the most promising solutions. Indeed, the multi-level technology seems to be well suited to photovoltaic applications to help fill the need for several sources on the DC side of the converter. The technical performance and reliability of the multi-level inverter used to connect the PV modules to the electrical power distribution networks can improve and make profitable the power produced. In this work, we compare two multi-level inverter topologies for PV systems: H-Bridge (HB) and Neutral Point Clamped (NPC). The comparison between these inverters is based on the criteria of spectral quality of the output voltage and the complexity of the power circuits.
9
Gajula, Ujwala, Kalpanadevi Manivannan e Nomula Malla Reddy. "Solar PV based seventeen level reduced switch symmetrical multilevel inverter topology fed induction motor". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, n. 2 (1 giugno 2024): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i2.pp1009-1016.
Abstract (sommario):
Multilevel inverters have received a lot of interest in recent years due to their ability to deliver more voltage levels than typical two-level inverters. Because of this property, multilevel inverters can produce output waveforms that closely resemble sinusoidal waveforms, lowering harmonic distortion dramatically. The emergence of reduced switch symmetrical multilevel inverter topologies has developed the curiosity of many different power conversion systems. These new topologies offer numerous advantages, including greater output voltage quality, fewer harmonic distortions, and increased power conversion efficiency. The inclusion of these inverters in the feeding of induction motors is one of their many prominent uses. A 17 levels of multi-level inverter (MLI) topology is presented with reduced switch count and harmonic reduction for power quality improvement. The inverter is fed by isolated equal photovoltaic panels which act as direct current or DC source. To reduce complexity, switching pulses are generated using hybrid pulse width modulation technique which is designed as controller. Through the use of MATLAB/Simulink, the performance assessment of a unique cascaded multilevel inverter-based reduced switch symmetrical inverter feeding an induction motor drive has been verified. The harmonic distortion with reduced switches obtained is 7.47% which is comparatively less than when compared with conventional cascaded H-bridge topology.
10
Qasim, Mohammed A., Vladimir Ivanovich Velkin, Mustafa Fawzi Mohammed, Alaa Ahmad Sammour, Yang Du, Sajjad Abdul-Adheem Salih, Baseem Abdulkareem Aljashaami e Sharipov Parviz Gulmurodovich. "Design of a multi-level inverter for solar power systems with a variable number of levels technique". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14, n. 2 (1 giugno 2023): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i2.pp1218-1229.
Abstract (sommario):
<p>Overall harmonic distortion and losses will grow during an energy conversion process, while power stability will be reduced. Multilevel inverter technologies have recently become very popular as low-cost alternatives for a variety of industrial purposes. The design's minimal benefits include reduced component losses, decreased switching and conduction losses, along with enhanced output voltage and current waveforms. Also, a reduction of the harmonic components of the current and output voltage of the inverter are the most important requirements in multilevel inverters. A seven-level inverter design is presented in this paper that is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The inverter converts the DC voltage from three photovoltaic (PV) systems into AC voltage at seven levels. During an outage of one of the PV systems, the inverter will make a switching reduction and supply the AC voltage as a five-level inverter. The inverter’s total harmonic distortion (THD) when it performs as a five-level or seven-level inverter is 4.19% or 1.13% respectively. The modulation technique used is phase disposition via four carriers and a single reference signal at the fundamental frequency.</p>
11
Al-Samawi, Ali Abedaljabar, e Hafedh Trabelsi. "New Nine-Level Cascade Multilevel Inverter with a Minimum Number of Switches for PV Systems". Energies 15, n. 16 (12 agosto 2022): 5857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15165857.
Abstract (sommario):
To support the grid system with high power quality from photovoltaics (PVs) and reduce the partial shading condition (PSC) effect of the PV system, as well as the mismatch power issue, in this study, we present a simple single-phase, nine-level cascade inverter architecture for photovoltaic (PV) systems with a minimum number of power components and passive parts. This reduction in the number of switches decreases the switching losses and the number of driving circuits, which causes a reduction in the complexity of the control circuit and hence reduces the cost and size. The suggested inverter shows a lower output voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) and unity power factor. In addition, this inverter’s control and switching techniques are far simpler than those of recently published designs. To evaluate the performance of the proposed inverter, we performed a comparison of the cascaded multilevel inverter (CMLI) topology, which required recent cascade topologies with the same nine voltage levels. The comparison depends on parameters such as the number of components (diode and capacitors) and the number of active switches in the inverter, in addition to total harmonic distortion. MATLAB/Simulink models for a grid-tied solar system PV application driven by the proposed nine-level inverter were built for design and validation.
12
Islam, Md Tariqul, Hady H. Fayek, Eugen Rusu e Md Fayzur Rahman. "A Novel Hexagonal-Shaped Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Switches for Grid-Integrated Photovoltaic System". Sustainability 13, n. 21 (30 ottobre 2021): 12018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112018.
Abstract (sommario):
To date, the grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system has drawn consideration from researchers and academicians due to the speedy improvement and the declining price of solar panels. The proficiency and dependability of a grid integrated PV system rest mainly on the power conversion unit and the proper controlling mechanism. This paper introduces a novel asymmetric hexagonal-shaped fifteen-level inverter designed to feed a grid-integrated solar PV system. First, it aims to reduce the number of components and thereby decrease the installation space and cost of the multilevel inverter. Moreover, it has a low total blocking voltage (TBV) and total device rating (TDR) and uses few switching devices for generating per level of output voltage. The proposed topology utilizes only eight switching devices for generating fifteen levels at the output, which is lower than conventional multilevel inverter topologies. Here, a low-frequency modulation scheme using the half-height (HH) method generates switching pulses to minimize the complexity. The proposed multilevel inverter topology is also validated through the simulations in the MATLAB SIMULINK environment. The proposed inverter need for filters is illustrated according to different grid codes for integrating PV systems to the grid.
13
Karam, K., M. Badawi El Najjar e M. El Hassan. "Three-Phase Transformerless Inverter for Photovoltaic Grid Connected System with Zero Common Mode Noise". Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 19 (settembre 2021): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj19.239.
Abstract (sommario):
The pervasion of transformerless grid connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters has triggered the concerns of many researchers since it can induce power quality problems. In these types of applications, the generation of common mode (CM) leakage current is one of the major factors that affects the reliability of the overall design. In single-phase systems, the concept of the common ground between the PV negative terminal and the neutral point of the grid is the only topology that “totally” cancels this CM noise. However, none of the existing three-phase inverter techniques is able to totally remove it. Therefore, this paper proposes a three-phase PV inverter based on the concept applied in the single-phase system in order to achieve, for the first time, a zero CM noise in three-phase grid-connected PV applications. The proposed inverter is simulated with a PV array, appropriate modulation technique, corresponding inverter controller, and a three-phase Y-connected alternating current (AC) grid voltage. The simulation of the overall system is done using Matlab/Simulink software. As compared with results of existing three-phase topologies, this is the only three-phase transformerless PV inverter technique that offers generation of multilevel output, total elimination of leakage current flow, simple inverter structure, and uncomplicated modulation technique.
14
Aravindan, M., V. Balaji, V. Saravanan e M. Arumugam. "Neutral point clamped quasi Z source inverter for photovoltaic systems". International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 8, n. 3 (1 dicembre 2019): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v8.i3.pp277-286.
Abstract (sommario):
<p>Multilevel inverters are becoming popular for power conversion in renewable energy systems, AC-DC hybrid micro grids etc. The voltage stress and inrush current through these inverter leg switches are quite higher as compared to the load ratings which increase the chances of inverter leg switch failure. A three level neutral point clamped quasi Z source inverter topology is discussed in this paper which has the features of lower component count, reduced capacitor voltage stress, and it can be operated at different control strategies to achieve wide range of voltage boosting ability, suited for photovoltaic (PV) systems. It also ensures continuous input current irrespective of the DC supply voltage variations and injects stable and smooth power to the load/grid. The effectiveness of the proposed inverter is verified by simulation results in MATLAB Simulink model as well as performing experiment with the help of a laboratory prototype.</p>
15
Thitichaiworakorn, Nuntawat, Nattapon Chayopitak e Natchpong Hatti. "Efficiency Improvement of Three-Phase Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverters for Photovoltaic Systems". International Journal of Photoenergy 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2162190.
Abstract (sommario):
Medium-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems using cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters have a capability to perform individual maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for each PV panel or each small group of panels, resulting in minimization of both power losses from panel mismatch and effect of partial shading. They also provide high power quality, modularity, and possibility of eliminating dc-dc boost stage and line-frequency transformer. However, each PV panel in the system is subjected to a double-line-frequency voltage ripple at the dc-link which reduces the MPPT efficiency. This paper proposes a dc-link voltage ripple reduction by third-harmonic zero-sequence voltage injection for improving the MPPT efficiency. Moreover, a control method to achieve individual MPPT control of each inverter cell is also presented. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed methods were verified by computer simulation.
16
Metkar, Govind. "Design a Simulation of Multilevel Inverter for Reduction of Harmonics for Grid Connected PV System". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n. 7 (31 luglio 2022): 2022–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45668.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: The existing topologies, Multilevelinverters acts as a promising solution for medium voltage, high power applications due to their modularity and reduced voltage stress across the power switches. They are becoming popular due to reduced voltage stress of the power switches and low THD. Among the different multilevel configurations, H bridge multi-level inverter (HBMLI) is found to beattractive for grid connected PV applications. H Bridge Multilevel Inverters (HB-MLI) are being considered as the best choice for grid connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems since they require several sources on the DC side. By means of high-quality output with less harmonic distortion is obtained compared to a two-level inverter. Different levels of output viz. three level is examined and conclusions are drawn mainly based on the number of switches andTotal Harmonic Distortion (THD). The main advantages of the multilevel inverter are that the regulation of the DC buses is simple. More number of levels results in reduced THD and nearly sinusoidal output. Simulation is performed using Matlab/Simulink.
17
Raweh, Ezzaldden, Wei Pi, Omar Busati, Abdul Rehman, Saif Mubbarak e Yinshun Wang. "Simulation of single phase photovoltaic system based on fuzzy logic control with multilevel inverter". E3S Web of Conferences 107 (2019): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910702003.
Abstract (sommario):
To control the solar power, reliability and stability are two main challenges. In addition, the total harmonic distortion (THD) must be within limits for optimal operation. In an inverter, the harmonics are produced during the conversion of DC power to AC power, which will affect the power electronic devices. Therefore, to overcome such challenges in high voltage and high power systems multilevel inverter (MLI) topology is more useful. Such type of inverters uses various DC voltage levels to generate the stepped AC at its output, approaching the sinusoidal shape. The cascaded H-bridge, capacitor-clamped, and diode-clamped are the most commonly used multilevel inverters topologies. For photovoltaic (PV) usage, cascaded H-bridge (CHB) MLI is more adaptive among the three topologies, where for each H-bridge unit; each PV model behaves as an isolated DC source. This paper specifically focused on the simulation of PV power as a source to the system and displayed the potential of a single-phase 11-level CHB inverter. For switching the IGBT devices, sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is applied. Moreover, the fuzzy logic control (FLC) is introduced to improve the power quality. FLC reduce the THD via finding the appropriate set of IGBT switch signals. To show the improvement in the operation and reduction in the complex harmony signal effects of the CHB 11-level inverter, the proposed system is designed in Matlab/Simulink software. Finally, the results show that the dynamic behavior of the FLC is much better than the traditional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller.
18
M. Shukla, Darshni, Naimish Zaveri e Tole Sutikno. "The performance of a multilevel multifunctional solar inverter under various control methods". Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 12, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2023): 2717–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i5.4097.
Abstract (sommario):
Photovoltaic (PV) inverters are now supposed to provide additional supporting services with more reliability and efficiency. This paper presents three different control methods for generating reference current in a multifunctional, multilevel grid-tied PV inverter for harmonic, reactive, and unbalance compensation. These methods are the synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory (d-q), the instantaneous reactive power (IRP) theory (p-q), and the conservative power theory (CPT). As a result, the primary goal is to propose a low-cost multifunctional solar invert for distributed generation, with an appropriate prototype developed in the laboratory for experimental validation of various modes of operation. Demonstrated results show that the presented inverter is capable of providing various ancillary services with all three types of control.
19
ILIE, MIHĂIȚĂ-ALEXANDRU, e DAN FLORICĂU. "GRID-CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS WITH MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS – MODELING AND ANALYSIS". REVUE ROUMAINE DES SCIENCES TECHNIQUES — SÉRIE ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE ET ÉNERGÉTIQUE 68, n. 1 (1 aprile 2023): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/rrst-ee.2023.68.1.13.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, a comparison between three double-stage grid-connection systems in central inverter configuration is presented. This configuration can be used to obtain a wide power range and is suitable for the connection to three-phase grids. In this case, the photovoltaic (PV) panels are connected to the inverter via a dc-dc converter to ensure an optimal dc voltage level. The focus is on the characteristics and properties of the used converter’s structures. All the design steps of a grid connection system are also presented. Both two-level (2L) and three-level (3L) voltage structures are implemented. At the end of the paper, a detailed analysis highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the three photovoltaic systems connected to the grid.
20
Boucheriette, Wafa, Ammar Moussi, Raihane Mechgoug e Hani Benguesmia. "A Multilevel Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems Optimized by Genetic Algorithm". Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, n. 2 (2 aprile 2023): 10249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5558.
Abstract (sommario):
This article introduces a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) source combined with a multi-level inverter. A converter five-level neutral point (NPC) can be used to integrate the PV power into the power grid with minimum harmonic distortions and high power capacity. If the output voltage of the PV generator varies significantly with solar radiation, the output voltage of the ripple must be fixed. For this reason, a regulation loop was used. In this study, we used a classical PI regulator. It is difficult to determine the PI controller transaction values, so Genetic Algorithm was used to optimize the PI controller parameters. The Matlab/Simulink simulation results show the better performance and efficiency of the PI controller optimized by the GA, in comparison to the stand-alone PI controller, regarding stability and accuracy, and the reduction of Total Harmonic Distortions (THD) of the current injected into the grid for any difference in solar radiation.
21
Madasamy, P., Rajesh Verma, A. Rameshbabu, A. Murugesan, R. Umamageswari, Josiah Lange Munda, C. Bharatiraja e Lucian Mihet-Popa. "Neutral Point Clamped Transformer-Less Multilevel Converter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System". Electronics 10, n. 8 (19 aprile 2021): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080977.
Abstract (sommario):
Transformer-less (TL) inverter topologies have elicited further special treatment in photo-voltaic (PV) power system as they provide high efficiency and low cost. Neutral point clamped (NPC) multilevel-inverter (MLI) topologies-based transformer-less are being immensely used in grid-connected medium-voltage high-power claims. Unfortunately, these topologies such as NPC-MLI, full-bridge inverter with DC bypass (FB-DCBP) suffer from the shoot-through problem on the bridge legs, which affect the reliability of the implementation. Based on the previous above credits, a T type neutral point clamped (TNP)—MLI (TNP-MLI) with transformer-less topology called TL-TNP-MLI is presented to be an alternate which can be suitable in the grid-connected PV power generation systems. The suggested TL-TNP-MLI topologies free from inverter bridge legs shoot-through burden, switching frequency common-mode current (CMC), and leakage current. The control system of the grid interface with hysteresis current control (HCC) strategy is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed PV connected transformer-less TNP-MLI topology with different grid and PV scenario has been verified through the MATLAB/Simulink simulation model and field-programmable gate area (FPGA)-based experimental results for a 1.5 kW system.
22
Nyamathulla, Shaik, Dhanamjayulu Chittathuru e S. M. Muyeen. "An Overview of Multilevel Inverters Lifetime Assessment for Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Applications". Electronics 12, n. 8 (20 aprile 2023): 1944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081944.
Abstract (sommario):
Nowadays, due to advancements in power electronic devices as well as the rise in consumer awareness of the need to protect the environment on a global scale, many people are turning to the use of solar photovoltaic (PV) technology in the distributed power generation side. In the field of power electronics, manufacturers need to develop products that have high lifespans. Power electronic device reliability is important for the maintenance of the device and may be scheduled under that information. Rather than preventing failures, reliability can be improved by predicting them. Even though some research has been conducted over the past few years to investigate the reliability of power electronic devices, the reliability is many common circuits has not been investigated and this leads to a big challenge for researchers. In this review paper, an overview of the grid-connected multilevel inverters for PV systems with motivational factors, features, assessment parameters, topologies, modulation schemes of the multilevel inverter, and the selection process for specific applications are presented. In this paper, the findings of a comprehensive reliability analysis of fundamental multilevel inverters are studied. To evaluate the reliability of three basic multilevel inverters, a calculation is made using each component’s mean time before its failure. Two techniques of computation approximate and exact were used to arrive at the final result. To calculate power losses in temperature-sensitive components such as diodes and switches, MATLAB Simulink is employed. In addition, the concept of oversizing photovoltaic (PV) arrays is presented in this study. This concept proposes that energy output may be increased by increasing the size of the PV array under conditions of poor solar irradiation. Finally, the mission-profile-based and Monte Carlo simulation-based methods process flows are discussed for the accurate lifetime prediction and reliability assessments of PV inverters in a real-time scenario, followed by a conclusion with future work.
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Haq, Safa, Shuvra Prokash Biswas, Md Kamal Hosain, Md Ashib Rahman, Md Rabiul Islam e Sumaya Jahan. "A Modular Multilevel Converter with an Advanced PWM Control Technique for Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System". Energies 14, n. 2 (8 gennaio 2021): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020331.
Abstract (sommario):
Due to global warming and shortage of fossil fuels, the grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system has gained significant popularity all over the world. The modular multilevel cascaded (MMC) inverter is the natural choice for step-up transformer and line filter less direct medium voltage grid integration of solar PV systems. However, power quality and loss are the important issues while connecting the PV system to the medium voltage grid through MMC inverter. Modulation technique is the key to maintain output power quality, e.g., total harmonic distortion (THD) and to ensure low switching and conduction losses. In this paper, an advanced modulation technique named “triangle saturated common mode pulse width modulation (TSCMPWM)” control is proposed for a 3-phase 5-level MMC inverter-based grid-tied PV system. Compared to traditional modulation techniques, the proposed TSCMPWM control offers the lowest voltage THD as well as lower inverter power losses. Performance of the proposed modulation technique is evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink environment and tested with a reduced scale prototype test platform. Both simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed modulation technique.
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Haq, Safa, Shuvra Prokash Biswas, Md Kamal Hosain, Md Ashib Rahman, Md Rabiul Islam e Sumaya Jahan. "A Modular Multilevel Converter with an Advanced PWM Control Technique for Grid-Tied Photovoltaic System". Energies 14, n. 2 (8 gennaio 2021): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020331.
Abstract (sommario):
Due to global warming and shortage of fossil fuels, the grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system has gained significant popularity all over the world. The modular multilevel cascaded (MMC) inverter is the natural choice for step-up transformer and line filter less direct medium voltage grid integration of solar PV systems. However, power quality and loss are the important issues while connecting the PV system to the medium voltage grid through MMC inverter. Modulation technique is the key to maintain output power quality, e.g., total harmonic distortion (THD) and to ensure low switching and conduction losses. In this paper, an advanced modulation technique named “triangle saturated common mode pulse width modulation (TSCMPWM)” control is proposed for a 3-phase 5-level MMC inverter-based grid-tied PV system. Compared to traditional modulation techniques, the proposed TSCMPWM control offers the lowest voltage THD as well as lower inverter power losses. Performance of the proposed modulation technique is evaluated in MATLAB/Simulink environment and tested with a reduced scale prototype test platform. Both simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed modulation technique.
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Pho, Bao Binh, Chung Mai-Van, Minh Tran Trong e Phuong Vu. "Model predictive control for distributed MPPT algorithm of cascaded H-bridge multilevel grid-connected PV inverters". Journal of Electrical Engineering 73, n. 4 (1 agosto 2022): 305–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0040.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper concentrates on an algorithm with model predictive control for current and distributed MPPT for cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic (PV) inverter applications. In conventional method, in each sampling period, a discrete-time model is employed to predict the current future values for all vectors of voltage. The voltage vector will be approved if it minimizes the cost function. Because multilevel inverter has so many available voltage vectors, there is a large quantity of calculations, hence it makes difficult in implementing the normal control method. A varied control strategy that extensively decreases the calculations volume and eliminating common-mode voltage is proposed. To raise the PV modules performance and enlarge the systems power, a distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control scheme for each phase of multilevel inverter is offered, that allows its DC-link voltage to be regulated separately. The recommended approach is double-checked by using a model simulated in MATLAB-Simulink software.
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Ikhwan, Adli, Tze-Zhang Ang e Mohamed Salem. "Nine-level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for Photovoltaic Sources Based on Hybrid Active Filter". International Journal of Energy and Power Systems 2, n. 1 (18 marzo 2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54616/ijeps/20220302.
Abstract (sommario):
Nowadays, a multilevel inverter is one of the important devices that provides a practical approach device in power system industries because of its features which are less switching losses, lower electromagnetic interference, reduced harmonic distortion, higher DC link voltages, and improved output voltage and current waveforms. Among all existed multilevel inverter, cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter is the most attractive because of the technology development with megawatt power level. So, the cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter has been tested and proven as a suitable DC/AC device for medium and high power applications such as renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and motor drive applications. In this paper, the project is focusing on the combination of a nine-level cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter connected to photovoltaic (PV) sources and a hybrid powerfilter. This project aims to study and to analyze the results of the proposed system. Thebehaviour and the performance of the designed system have shown that the system offered330V peak output AC voltage with an efficiency of 93.96% and a 5% reduction of THD.This project will be carried out only in Matlab/Simulink software.
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Chinnamuthu, Subramani, Vinothkumar Balan, Krithika Vaidyanathan, Vimala Chinnaiyan e Premalatha Santhanamari. "Analysis of single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters under variable power conditions". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 30, n. 3 (1 giugno 2023): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v30.i3.pp1381-1388.
Abstract (sommario):
Easy modular I action is one of the benefits of a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter. This study proposes an only one multilevel inverter comes with a unique H-bridge unit. The structure of the proposed topology is then enhanced in order to make use of switching devices and DC-link voltage inputs while creating a massive number of voltage steps. A cooperative active and reactive power control strategy is offered to earn a better real and reactive power management for every DC voltage source of a photovoltaic (PV) module, as well as boost systems power quality and reliability. A unique control approach and proportional pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation are described for the cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters for grid-connected systems. Each Hbridge module can give different power levels thanks to this control. To supply the DC source, use the system's proportional, integral and derivative (PID) controller. The functionality and achievements of the proposed scheme with its associated algorithms in production of all operating voltage have been proven using experimental data from a nine-level single-phase inverter. Finally, to construct a cascaded H-bridge nine-level inverter, the proposed control strategy is developed and implemented in MATLAB software.
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Benioub, Rabie, Laid Kadri, Mohamed Adnane e Kenji Itaka. "Modulation Index Variation Effect on Harmonic Behavior of Fifteen Multilevel Inverter Neutral-Point-Clamped Topology". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, n. 4 (1 agosto 2017): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp1892-1898.
Abstract (sommario):
The Market for photovoltaic cells (PV) has grown fast due to a higher demand on PV applications. However, there are still the transport and connection problems of the PV systems to the grid because of the difference in the current form. To assure the adequate connection between the PV sources and the network, the conversion of direct current (DC) to an alternative current (AC) is required and provided by an electronic device known as the inverter. In this last years, the conventional inverter structure reached its limits in power level and conversion performance. The multilevel inverter (MLI) structure was introduced and widely used in high power and high voltage applications to solve the conventional inverter limitation problem. In this paper, the Neutral-Point-Clamped (NPC) topology of the MLI was simulated to evaluate the effect of modulation index variation of the control technique on the harmonic behavior of the fifteen-level NPC. The simulation results were useful for the optimization of the MLI control technique toward the decrease of the harmonic (THD) effect on the NPC MLI.
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Sowrirajan, CHANDRASEKARAN, DURAIRAJ Sundarraj e PADMAVATHI S. "ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC-FED MULTILEVEL INVERTER USING A PI HYSTERESIS CONTROLLER". DYNA 97, n. 3 (1 maggio 2022): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10262.
Abstract (sommario):
In recent years, power quality has become almost as important in the renewable energy sector. Much of today's research is focused on resolving power quality issues. These issues are related to a voltage (sags, swells, distortions, and imbalances), system response speed, harmonics, ripples, and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). Many researchers have recently been working on various controllers to address power quality issues. These articles primarily address power quality issues that arise as a result of system response time, harmonics, and torque ripples. This study will be used to improve the performance of a photovoltaic (PV) fed multilevel inverter. In the field of renewable energy systems, controllers have played a critical role. Proportional (P), Proportional-Integral (PI), and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID), Fractional Order PID (FOPID), and Integral Order PID (IOPID) controllers are used in renewable energy systems to improve power quality. In this study, the response of the PI controller will be measured, analyzed, and compared to the response of the PI hysteresis controller. Existing methods make use of a photovoltaic-fed multilevel inverter, a boost converter, a multilevel inverter, and a proportional-integral (PI) controller. As a load, a three-phase induction motor is used. A PI hysteresis controller is used in place of a traditional PI controller in the proposed system. For the PI Controller, the Experimental Hardware prototype model is designed and validated. Simulation designs for existing and proposed systems are carried out using MATLAB Simulink, and the results are noted and verified. Keywords: PI controller, Multilevel Inverter (MLI), boost converter, hysteresis controller, ripple reduction, Photovoltaic module.
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El Ouardi, Hind, Ayoub El Gadari, Youssef Ounejjar e Kamal Al-Haddad. "Conception and Experimental Validation of a Standalone Photovoltaic System Using the SUPC5 Multilevel Inverter". Electronics 11, n. 17 (3 settembre 2022): 2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11172779.
Abstract (sommario):
In this work, an advanced pulse width modulation (PWM) technique was developed to provide the auto-balancing of the capacitors voltages of the five-level split-packed U-Cells (SPUC5) single-phase inverter, and then, the latter was applied to a photovoltaic (PV) system in standalone mode to evaluate its performance in this kind of application. The SPUC5 inverter makes use of only five switches (four active bidirectional switches and one four quadrant switch), one DC source and two capacitors to generate five levels of output voltage and a current with a quasi-sinusoidal waveform which reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) without the need to add filters or sensors, and also reduces its cost compared to the other multilevel inverters. In the proposed system; the incremental conductance (INC) algorithm is combined with a DC/DC boost converter to reach the maximum power (MP) of the PV array by tracking the MP point (MPP). The offered concept has been constructed and then simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment to evaluate its efficiency. According to the results, the self-balancing of the capacitors voltages has been achieved. A comparative study was performed with the traditional PWM technique. The proposed PV system has been validated by experimental results.
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Priyanga, S., e M. Valan Rajkumar. "Modeling and Simulation of 27- Level Hybrid H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter for PV System". International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science 7, n. 03 (24 marzo 2018): 23773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijecs/v7i3.20.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, modeling of photovoltaic array and hybrid H-bridge multilevel inverter is done using latest algorithm techniques in order to improve the performance of the PV system and decrease the complexity and total cost of the inverter. Here MPPT algorithm is used for extracting the maximum power from the solar PV module and transferring that power to the load by varying the duty cycle. Among MPPT algorithm techniques, incremental conductance method can perform maximum power point tracking under rapidly varying irradiation conditions with higher accuracy than the perturb and observe method .A hybrid H-bridge multilevel inverter is preferred over all other topologies as it requires less number of switches by which high number of voltage levels are obtained and also reduced THD. The modeling and simulation for the above systems is performed in MATLAB and the generated output voltage is analyzed
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Ali, Adnan Hussein, Hassan Salman Hamad e Ali Abdulwahhab Abdulrazzaq. "An adaptable different-levels cascaded h-bridge inverter analysis for PV grid-connected systems". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, n. 2 (1 giugno 2019): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp831-841.
Abstract (sommario):
<span>Multi-level inverters (MLIs), have gained popularity in the last few years as a result of their low total harmonic distortions (THD) as well as their output waveform which is of high quality. The converter which considers more appropriate for applications of photovoltaic (PV)beyond the varying MLIs arrangementsis the Cascaded H-Bridge-(CHB) (MLI), meanwhile each PV panel may be served as an independent DC supply for any CHB unit<span style="text-decoration: underline;">.</span> Through the use of MATLAB/Simulink, the efficiency of symmetrical single phase MLI in terms of the number of switches, harmonic content in addition to the stresses of voltage through theswitches that exist at photovoltaic cell by means of input source is enhanced; varying parameters like output current, voltage and power, and THD at 5-level 7-level and 9-level Cascaded MLI are observed. In this paper, attention is paid to a multi-level topologies which is flexible and based on cascaded MLI intended for PV grids connected system. An observation of the output voltage becomes closer to the sine wave as the levels increase, while the increase in the levels of Cascaded Multilevel Inverter causes the total harmonic distortion to decrease.</span>
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Nyamathulla, Shaik, e Dhanamjayulu Chittathuru. "A Review of Multilevel Inverter Topologies for Grid-Connected Sustainable Solar Photovoltaic Systems". Sustainability 15, n. 18 (6 settembre 2023): 13376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813376.
Abstract (sommario):
Solar energy is one of the most suggested sustainable energy sources due to its availability in nature, developments in power electronics, and global environmental concerns. A solar photovoltaic system is one example of a grid-connected application using multilevel inverters (MLIs). In grid-connected PV systems, the inverter’s design must be carefully considered to improve efficiency. The switched capacitor (SC) MLI is an appealing inverter over its alternatives for a variety of applications due to its inductor-less or transformer-less operation, enhanced voltage output, improved voltage regulation inside the capacitor itself, low cost, reduced circuit components, small size, and less electromagnetic interference. The reduced component counts are required to enhance efficiency, to increase power density, and to minimize device stress. This review presents a thorough analysis of MLIs and a classification of the existing MLI topologies, along with their merits and demerits. It also provides a detailed survey of reduced switch count multilevel inverter (RSC-MLI) topologies, including their designs, typical features, limitations, and criteria for selection. This paper also covers the survey of SC-MLI topologies with a qualitative assessment to aid in the direction of future research. Finally, this review will help engineers and researchers by providing a detailed look at the total number of power semiconductor switches, DC sources, passive elements, total standing voltage, reliability analysis, applications, challenges, and recommendations.
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Madasamy, P., V. Suresh Kumar, P. Sanjeevikumar, Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen, Eklas Hosain e C. Bharatiraja. "A Three-Phase Transformerless T-Type- NPC-MLI for Grid Connected PV Systems with Common-Mode Leakage Current Mitigation". Energies 12, n. 12 (24 giugno 2019): 2434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122434.
Abstract (sommario):
DC to AC inverters are the well-known and improved in various kinds photovoltaic (PV) and gird tied systems. However, these inverters are require interfacing transformers to be synchronized with the grid-connected system. Therefore, the system is bulky and not economy. The transformerless inverter (TLI) topologies and its grid interface techniques are increasingly engrossed for the benefit of high efficiency, reliability, and low cost. The main concern in the TL inverters is common mode voltage (CMV), which causes the switching-frequency leakage current, grid interface concerns and exaggerates the EMI problems. The single-phase inverter two-level topologies are well developed with additional switches and components for eliminating the CMV. Multilevel inverters (MLIs) based grid connected transformerless inverter topology is being researched to avail additional benefits from MLI, even through that are trust topologies presented in the literature. With the above aim, this paper has proposed three -phase three-level T type NP-MLI (TNP-MLI) topology with transformerless PV grid connected proficiency. The CM leakage current should handle over mitigating CMV through removing unwanted switching events in the inverter pulse width modulation (PWM). This paper is proposes PV connected T type NP-MLI interface with three-phase grid connected system with the help of improved space vector modulation (SVM) technique to mitigate the CM leakage current to overcome the above said requests on the PV tied TL grid connected system. This proposed the SVM technique to mitigate the CM leakage current by selecting only mediums, and zero vectors with suitable current control method in order to maintain the inverter current and grid interface requirements. The proposed PV tied TNP-MLI offering higher efficiency, lower breakdown voltage on the devices, smaller THD of output voltage, good reliability, and long life span. The paper also investigated the CM leakage currents envisage and behavior for the three-phase MLI through the inverter switching function, which is not discussed before. The proposed SVM on TL-TNP-MLI offers the reliable PV grid interface with very low switching-frequency leakage current (200mA) for all the PV and inverter operation conditions. The feasibility and effectiveness of the TLI and its control strategy is confirmed through the MATLAB/Simulink simulation model directly as compared with 2kW roof top PV plant connected TL-TNP-MLI experimentation, showing good accordance with theoretical investigation. The simulation and experimental results are demonstrated and presented in the good stability of steady state and dynamics performances. The proposed inverter reduces the cost of grid interface transformer, harmonics filter, and CMV suppressions choke.
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Malathy, S., e R. Ramaprabha. "Suitability of Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverters for Partial Shaded Photovoltaic Systems". Applied Mechanics and Materials 622 (agosto 2014): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.622.173.
Abstract (sommario):
The efficiency of building integrated photovoltaic (PV) system is greatly affected by the partial shaded conditions. The impact of shading conditions depends not only on the level of shading but also on other factors like array size, type of configuration adopted, pattern and intensity of the shade. The influence of partial shading is much pronounced in series configuration than any other types due to the absence of cross ties. Unless protected by bypass diodes, the thermal stress across the panel increases under shaded conditions and eventually leads to the development of hot spots that can damage the shaded panel permanently. Bypass diode totally isolates the shaded panel from the rest of the of the array leaving the array underutilized. To address this issue, this paper proposes repositioning of the panels to distribute the shade uniformly all over the array. Besides, a hybrid asymmetric multilevel inverter is proposed for power conversion.
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Ahmed, Emad M., Mokhtar Aly, Ahmed Elmelegi, Abdullah G. Alharbi e Ziad M. Ali. "Multifunctional Distributed MPPT Controller for 3P4W Grid-Connected PV Systems in Distribution Network with Unbalanced Loads". Energies 12, n. 24 (16 dicembre 2019): 4799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244799.
Abstract (sommario):
The integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems with three-phase four-wire (3P4W) distribution networks has imposed several challenges related to existing unbalanced loads, reactive power generation and harmonics content. In this paper, a multifunctional distributed maximum power point (MPPT) controller for grid integration of PV systems is proposed. The proposed distributed MPPT controller is developed based on employing a four-leg three-level T-type multilevel inverter. The proposed inverter performs multifunctionalities, including distributed MPPT, neutral current compensation for the unbalanced loads, supplying reactive power into the grid and the grid integration. Moreover, the proposed inverter overcomes the stochastic behavior of both the PV generation with partial shading problems and its operation with unbalanced loads as well. Furthermore, the new proposed controller injects sinusoidal output currents with decreased levels of total harmonic distortion (THD) into the grid. The tested case study is investigated for the various operating scenarios of PV generation and load demands. The results and tabulated performance comparisons have proven the superior performance of the proposed multifunctional PV generation system. The results show the ability of the proposed controller to efficiently extract distributed MPPT for all PV modules at all the tested scenarios. Additional improvement of the energy efficiency is achieved through the elimination of the neutral current due to existing unbalanced loads.
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MT, Muraleedharan, Basheer K, Unnikrishnan P, Kamal VV, Ajay Kumar EP e Akhil Ahammed KE. "A DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKER WITH A HYBRID CASCADED MULTILEVEL INVERTER". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 07, n. 09 (1 settembre 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem25875.
Abstract (sommario):
Energy crisis is one of the biggest problems in developing countries. There is a big gap between generation and demand of Electric energy. Solar energy which is present in abundance can play a vital role to overcome the energy deficiency. The potential of solar voltaic energy can also be exploited for averting environmental pollution and managing atmospheric emission. This project work provides a proposal for design of an inverter using dual axis solar tracker installed on rooftop with a single phase hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter. The output of a photovoltaic panel depends on its position with respect to the sun at any instant of time. To extract the maximum power from the panel, tracking systems are generally used for positioning it at an optimal angle. . This project focuses on presenting the structure and application of a microcontroller based dual axis solar tracker which tracks the direction of the solar radiation thereby adjusting the movement of solar panel accordingly. This facilitates the sun to remain perpendicular to the PV panel throughout the day which makes the total energy received to be increased by 30-40%. The energy hence received gets stored in a chargeable battery. This battery has an inverter attached to it so that whenever there is a power-cut, the stored energy may be used to light up the appliances. This project also provides single phase hybrid cascaded modular multilevel inverter topology which is derived from a proposed modified H-bridge (MHB) module. This topology results in the reduction of number of power switches, losses, installation area, voltage stress and converter cost. For renewable energy environment such as Photovoltaic (PV) connected to the micro- grid system, it enables the transformer less operation and enhances the power quality. This multilevel inverter is an effective and efficient power electronic interface strategy for renewable energy systems. The verification of the applicability and performance of the proposed structure in PV renewable energy environment, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT (IJSREM) VOLUME: 07 ISSUE: 09 | SEPTEMBER - 2023 SJIF RATING: 8.176 ISSN: 2582-3930 © 2023, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM25875 | Page 2 simulation results were carried out by MATLAB/SIMULINK under both steady state and dynamic conditions was completed.
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Manoharan, Balamurugan, e Sarat Kumar Sahoo. "Instantaneous Active and Reactive Power Control Using Direct Power Control Strategy for Multilevel Multistring Inverter Fed Photovoltaic System". Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2021): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540116.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper presents the Direct Power Control (DPC) strategy for Multilevel Multistring Inverter fed Photovoltaic (PV) system to control the instantaneous active and reactive power. The proposed system consists of PV strings, boost converter and three phase three level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter. In multistring topology, each PV string is connected to the dc/dc converter and the distributed MPPT control algorithm is connected to the central inverter. The Space Vector Modulation (SVM) based DPC approach is used to obtain the constant switching frequency and reduced power ripple. The detailed model of the proposed system is developed in Matlab to evaluate the performance. A laboratory based prototype of the proposed system is developed to realize the system in real time. dSPACE DS1103 is used as the control interface to perform the real time implementation (RTI). Power Quality Analyser (PQ-Box 200) is used to analyse the system parameters like voltage, current and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of inverter. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been validated with the help of simulation and the experimental results.
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Verdugo, Cristian, Samir Kouro, Christian A. Rojas, Marcelo A. Perez, Thierry Meynard e Mariusz Malinowski. "Five-Level T-type Cascade Converter for Rooftop Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems". Energies 12, n. 9 (8 maggio 2019): 1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091743.
Abstract (sommario):
Multilevel converters are widely considered to be the most suitable configurations for renewable energy sources. Their high-power quality, efficiency and performance make them interesting for PV applications. In low-power applications such as rooftop grid-connected PV systems, power converters with high efficiency and reliability are required. For this reason, multilevel converters based on parallel and cascaded configurations have been proposed and commercialized in the industry. Motivated by the features of multilevel converters based on cascaded configurations, this work presents the modulation and control of a rooftop single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic multilevel system. The configuration has a symmetrical cascade connection of two three-level T-type neutral point clamped power legs, which creates a five-level converter with two independent string connections. The proposed topology merges the benefits of multi-string PV and symmetrical cascade multilevel inverters. The switching operation principle, modulation technique and control scheme under an unbalanced power operation among the cell are addressed. Simulation and experimental validation results in a reduced-scale power single-phase converter prototype under variable conditions at different set points for both PV strings are presented. Finally, a comparative numerical analysis between other T-type configurations to highlight the advantages of the studied configuration is included.
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Ahmed, Sajjad, Muhammad Asghar Saqib e Syed Abdul Rahman Kashif. "Modified W-type configuration for a single-phase reduced parts count 81-level inverter". PLOS ONE 17, n. 6 (22 giugno 2022): e0269714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269714.
Abstract (sommario):
The technology of modern power systems is revolutionizing as renewable energy sources are being integrated with electric power grids. In the form of inverters, power electronic converters are becoming an integral part of power systems due to their massive demand for grid integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Existing multilevel inverter topologies either require an output filter to get a sinusoidal voltage or generate a higher number of output voltage levels at the expense of many hardware resources. This paper presents a new single-phase 81-level inverter configuration with the name given as ‘Modified W-Type Multilevel Inverter’. The proposed inverter configuration uses only eighteen power switches and four DC voltage sources to generate an 81-level output voltage approaching a sinusoidal waveform without an output filter. The general design equations are developed to calculate the number of switches, the number of voltage levels, and the number of DC sources for the proposed configuration. Loss and efficiency analysis is carried out that verifies a good practical efficiency of the proposed inverter configuration during the dynamic operation. A comparative analysis with the existing MLI topologies is also carried out that validates the effectiveness and novelty in reducing parts count and higher number of voltage levels. The proposed topology offers 1.04% total harmonic distortion of the output voltage which is within the benchmarks specified for grid integration without any filter requirements. The proposed inverter configuration is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink, and the results are validated by the design and development of a hardware prototype.
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Samiksha, Patel, Bhosle Devanand e Rizvi Tanu. "Fuzzy logic control in solar PV-powered modular multilevel inverter: A comprehensive review". i-manager's Journal on Power Systems Engineering 11, n. 2 (2023): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jps.11.2.19785.
Abstract (sommario):
Renewable energy sources have emerged as a potential option to fulfill the growing need for power because they are less harmful to the environment and are abundantly available in nature. Among various alternative energy sources, Photo Voltaic (PV) systems have gained increasing popularity because of the abundant supply of solar power. The maximum power point tracking technique was employed to maximize the power output of the PV array. However, when transferring a significant amount of power from a PV array to the power grid, several power quality concerns must be addressed, particularly those related to the actual and reactive power flows. Connecting photovoltaic arrays to the power grid inevitably leads to power quality issues. This study proposes a novel control approach aimed at tackling these problems and effectively managing the flow of electricity. To achieve efficient regulation of the actual and reactive power flows in grid-connected solar systems, a fuzzy Genetic Algorithm (GA) cascaded controller is utilized in conjunction with a flexible AC transmission system device known as the Unified Power Flow Controller. The fuzzy logic controller generates a control vector as its output, which is fine-tuned using a GA technique.
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Rupesh, Mailugundla, e Vishwanath Shivalingappa Tegampure. "Cascade feedforward neural network and deep neural network controller on photovoltaic system with cascaded multilevel inverters: Comparison on standalone and grid integrated system". Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 13, n. 2 (29 dicembre 2022): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2022.v13.157-178.
Abstract (sommario):
The introduction of a micro-grid-based power generation network will help to meet the demands of consumers while reducing environmental impact. Several industrialized and emerging countries allocate considerable resources to renewable energy-based power generation and invest significant sums of money in this area. This study examines the challenges involved with electricity generation through photovoltaic (PV) systems and the integration of the same with the grid to mitigate power quality issues and improve the power factor for various loading conditions. An innovative multilayer inverter for grid-connected PV systems has been developed to enhance the voltage profile and resulted in a drop in total harmonic distortion (THD). A cascade multilevel inverter (associated with a grid-integrated PV system and managed using multiple innovative artificial intelligence controllers) was developed in this research project. Various advanced intelligent controllers, such as cascade feedforward neural networks (CFFNN) and deep neural networks (DNN), have been analyzed under various operating situations and observed that the THD of voltage, current at the grid, and the load is less than 3 % as per the IEEE 519 standards along with this power factor is maintained nearly unity for the grid-connected system. The quality of power in terms of voltage, frequency, total harmonics distortion, and power factor are improved by using a novel deep neural network algorithm in a cascaded multilevel inverter and verified according to IEEE 1547 and IEEE 519 standards to determine the efficacy of the proposed system.
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Alotaibi, Saud, e Ahmed Darwish. "Modular Multilevel Converters for Large-Scale Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Review". Energies 14, n. 19 (29 settembre 2021): 6213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196213.
Abstract (sommario):
The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems as the energy source of electrical distributed generators (DG) is gaining popularity, due to the progress of power electronics devices and technologies. Large-scale solar PV power plants are becoming the preferable solution to meet the fast growth of electrical energy demand, as they can be installed in less than one year, as compared to around four years in the case of conventional power plants. Modular multilevel inverters (MMIs) are the best solution to connect these large-scale PV plants to the medium-voltage (MV) grid, due to their numerous merits, such as providing better power quality, having higher efficiency, providing better reliability, and their scalability. However, MMIs are still progressing and need some improvement before they can be implemented safely in the industrial, medium, and high voltage networks. The main purpose of this paper is to review the present MMIs topologies when used in PV applications. The review aims to present a comprehensive study of the various recent submodule circuits associated with MMI topologies. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control schemes for PV inverters will be explored extensively. Then, the different control strategies of PV MMIs will be presented and compared to give a holistic overview of the submodules balancing techniques, ranges, and capabilities under balanced and unbalanced grid conditions. In addition, the paper will discuss the future of PV MMIs systems in electricity networks.
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Memon, Rabail, Mukhtiar Ahmed Mahar, Abdul Sattar Larik e Syed Asif Ali Shah. "Design and Performance Analysis of New Multilevel Inverter for PV System". Sustainability 15, n. 13 (5 luglio 2023): 10629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310629.
Abstract (sommario):
Multilevel inverters (MLIs) have recently attracted more attention in medium-voltage and high-power applications as they can provide an effective interface with photovoltaic (PV) systems. Conventional MLIs are used to generate higher voltage levels, which improve power quality and reduce the requirement for passive filters. However, recent research has focused on designing new MLI topologies using reduced switch counts and less voltage stress. This study, as such, proposes a new nine-level symmetric MLI for PV systems with a minimum number of switches. This decrease in the number of switches reduces the voltage stress across the switches and the number of driving circuits, which lowers the complexity of the control circuit and, as a result, lowers the cost and size of the system. This article compares the proposed MLI with other topologies based on the DC sources, switches count, gate driver circuits (Ngd), total standing voltage per unit (TSVPU), cost function (CF), and components count per level (CC/L). The proposed topology is integrated with the PV system. MATLAB software is used to evaluate the performance of MLI at step change in irradiance and under variable load conditions. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the proposed topology is reduced with the implementation of phase disposition pulse width modulation (PD-PWM). In addition, PD-PWM is compared with phase opposition disposition pulse width modulation (POD-PWM) and alternative phase opposition disposition pulse width (APOD-PWM) modulation techniques. The simulation results reveal the improved performance of the proposed topology at variable irradiance and under varying load conditions. The comparison results reveal minimum (TSVPU), CC/L, CF, and switch count compared to existing topologies. Hence, the proposed topology of MLI is cost-effective and superior in all aspects compared to other topologies. In summary, it offers overall improved performance, and thus, it is feasible for the PV system.
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Mohan, V., e K. Nandakumar. "Improved Dynamic Response of a Single-Phase-Integrated KY Boost Converter with an MLI System of a DC-AC Converter in Motor Speed Regulation". International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2023 (28 novembre 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8830451.
Abstract (sommario):
KY boost converter (KBC) finds wide application in photovoltaic (PV) and single-phase inverters. In this study, a novel KBC containing seven levels of a multilevel inverter (MLI) is presented. Here, KBC between the direct current (DC) source and the inverter is proposed. Moreover, the authors considered a closed-loop response of the KBC-MLI system with a proportional integral (PI) controller and a fractional-order PID (FOPID) Controller. The main purpose of this suggested technique is to match the output current, total harmonic distortion (THD), and dynamic response of closed-loop PI and FOPID-controlled KBC-MLI systems. The proposed model is simulated with the MATLAB software, and the attained outcome illustrated an enhanced dynamic performance by using the FOPID-controlled KBC-MLI system. The simulation results of the KBC-MLI technique have been evaluated against the theoretical models. Finally, extensive experiments were carried out to validate the theoretical results.
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Palanisamy, R., K. Mohana Sundram, K. Selvakumar, C. S. Boopathi, D. Selvabharathi e V. Vijayakumar. "Artificial Neural Network based SVPWM for Five Level Cascaded H-bridge Inverter fed Grid connected PV System". Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, n. 6 (4 dicembre 2020): 8453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189163.
Abstract (sommario):
An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) for five level cascaded H-bridge inverter (CHBI) fed grid connected photovoltaic (PV) system. The multilevel inverter topologies are offers better performance compare conventional two level inverter like reduced total harmonic distortion, less electromagnetic interferences and voltage stresses across switches are low. The ANN based SVPWM generates the switching pulses for cascaded H-bridge inverter; it improves the accuracy in reference vectors tuning and identification, which leads to improve the inverter output voltage, better utilization of dc-link voltage and controlled output current. The ANN control makes the implementation of SVPWM becomes simple and minimizes the intricacy in tracking reference vector and calculation of switching time; it is suitable for any type of non-linear systems. This proposed system is energized using PV system and it is boosted using dc-dc boost converter, and the output of CHBI is synchronized with grid connected system using coupled inductor. The simulation and experimental results of ANN based SVPWM for CHBI is verified using simulink-matlab and DSP processor.
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Sivakumar, N., e A. Sumathi. "Fuzzy Logic Controller for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter". IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 4, n. 3 (1 settembre 2015): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v4.i3.pp105-112.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper proposes fuzzy logic controller based seven-level hybrid inverter for photovoltaic systems with sinusoidal pulse width-modulation (SPWM) techniques. Multi-Level Inverter technology have been developed in the area of high-power medium-voltage energy scheme, because of their advantages such as devices of high dv/dt rating, higher switching frequency, unlimited power processing, shape of output waveform and desired level of output voltage, current and frequency adjustment.This topology can be used there by enabling the scheme to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) for high voltage applications. The Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm is also used for extracting maximum power from the PV array connected to each DC link voltage level. The Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm is solved by Perturb and Observer method.It has high performance with low Total Harmonic Distortion and reduced by this control strategy. The proposed system has verified and THD is obtained by using MATLAB/simulink.The result is compared with the hardware prototype working model.
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Mechgoug, Raihane. "Fuzzy Fractional order PI Controller for a Multilevel Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems (PV)". PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, n. 8 (11 agosto 2023): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2023.08.26.
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Mechgoug, Raihane. "Fuzzy Fractional order PI Controller for a Multilevel Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems (PV)". PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, n. 8 (11 agosto 2023): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2023.08.26.
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Wang, Lei, Lidan Chen, Weiqiang Ye e Wei Ma. "Phase-Shifted Energy Balance Control for Multilevel Inverters in Grid-Connected PV Systems". Electronics 12, n. 12 (8 giugno 2023): 2582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12122582.
Abstract (sommario):
Cascaded multilevel converters are promising candidates for grid-connected PV systems, but low-frequency ripples may exist in a DC link. Such ripples are not just inherent; they can occur due to environmental factors, such as variations in a certain range of irradiance of the PV. To address this issue, this article proposes a clock phase-shifted (CPS) energy balance control method for grid-connected cascaded multilevel inverters for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed control scheme can prevent the low-frequency ripple of the DC link propagating to the power grid. Furthermore, it is feasible in principle and no adjustment of the control parameters is needed. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach.