Articoli di riviste: "Multi-terminal network"

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Rocco, Claudio M., Kash Barker, Jose Moronta e Jose E. Ramirez-Marquez. "Community detection and resilience in multi-source, multi-terminal networks". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 232, n. 6 (16 febbraio 2018): 616–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x17751516.

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Many networks, particularly infrastructure networks, have multiple source nodes and multiple terminal nodes. And many such networks exhibit community structures, wherein the network is partitioned into groups of densely connected nodes with sparse connections between groups, based on topology or spatial characteristics, among others. This article proposes an approach for evaluating the effects of disruptive events, or the disconnection of network components due to failures or attacks, to the community structures and to the total network. The approach enables the assessment of resilience, evaluating both the vulnerability of the network and the recoverability enabled by different network restoration sequences. Different predefined restoration sequences are compared from different perspectives, including cost and strategy characteristics as well as resilience objectives (partial or complete restoration). The approach is illustrated with the topology of an electric power network.

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Quintela, Félix Redondo, e Norberto Redondo Melchor. "Multi-Terminal Network Power Measurement". International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 39, n. 2 (aprile 2002): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.39.2.7.

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This paper presents a simple and general theory on power absorbed by multi-terminal networks and the way to measure it, which has direct application to unification of active and reactive power measurement procedures of polyphase loads. This approach to the subject is highly efficient, not only for its simplicity, but also because it eliminates all particular demonstrations or proofs of different measurement methods, with consequent time and effort savings for students. It also offers absolute certainty about the scope of every power measurement procedure and their possible variations.

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FARLEY, TONI R., e CHARLES J. COLBOURN. "MULTI-TERMINAL NETWORK CONNECTEDNESS ON SERIES-PARALLEL NETWORKS". Discrete Mathematics, Algorithms and Applications 01, n. 02 (giugno 2009): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793830909000208.

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Network operation may require that a specified number k of nodes be able to communicate via paths consisting of operating edges and nodes. In an environment of node and edge failure, this leads to associated reliability measures. When the k nodes are known in advance, this has been widely studied as k-terminal reliability; when the k nodes are chosen uniformly at random, this has been studied as k-resilience. A third notion, when it suffices to have anyk nodes communicate, is related to the expected size of the largest component in the network. We generalize these three measures to the probability that given h nodes chosen in advance and i nodes chosen at random, they appear in a component of size at least k = h + i + j. As expected, for general networks, for most choices of (h, i, j) the computation is #P-complete and hence unlikely to admit a polynomial time algorithm. We develop polynomial time algorithms in the special case that the network is series-parallel, which subsume and generalize earlier methods for k-terminal reliability and k-resilience.

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Song, Yongjia, e Minjiao Zhang. "Chance-constrained multi-terminal network design problems". Naval Research Logistics (NRL) 62, n. 4 (15 maggio 2015): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nav.21630.

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Pyakurel, Urmila. "Transshipment Contraflow on Multi-Terminal Networks". Nepali Mathematical Sciences Report 34, n. 1-2 (31 dicembre 2016): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmsr.v34i1-2.30015.

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Contraflow technique is the widely accepted model on network optimization. It allows arc reversal that increases the arc capacities. The earliest arrival transshipment contraflow is an important model that transship the given flow value by sending the maximum amount at each time point from the beginning within given time period by reversing the direction arcs from the sources to the sinks at time zero. This problem has not been solved polynomially on complex networks, i.e., multi-terminal networks yet. However, its 2-value-approximation solution has been found by Pyakurel and Dhamala [13] in pseudopolynomial time complexity. Moreover, they have claimed that for the special case of zero transit time on each arc, the 2-value-approximation solution can be computed in polynomial time complexity. In this paper, we solve their claim presenting an efficient algorithm.

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Zuo, Jing, Shucan Zhou, Zhengyang Xu, Chong Gao, Siguang Zheng e Peidong Chen. "Reliability Evaluation Method of Multi-Voltage Levels Distribution System Considering the Influence of Sense-Control Terminal Faults". Applied Sciences 13, n. 21 (27 ottobre 2023): 11761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132111761.

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With the existing reliability evaluation methods, it is difficult to realize the overall evaluation of multi-voltage levels distribution systems, and sense-control terminal faults are not considered in the process of reliability evaluation. Therefore, a reliability evaluation method for multi-voltage levels distribution networks considering the influence of the fault of the sensing and control terminal is proposed. Firstly, based on the component reliability model, system state selection method, and reliability index, a reliability evaluation method for distribution networks considering sense-control terminal faults has been proposed. Secondly, the features of a multi-voltage levels distribution network are analyzed. The sequential Monte Carlo simulation method and the failure mode effects analysis method are combined, and a collaborative evaluation method for power supply reliability of multi-voltage levels distribution systems is proposed. Eventually, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by an example comparison, and the impact of the terminal fault on the reliability of distribution network is analyzed. The reliability evaluation results can provide technical support for the planning of the distribution network.

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Akgün, İbrahim, Barbaros Ç. Tansel e R. Kevin Wood. "The multi-terminal maximum-flow network-interdiction problem". European Journal of Operational Research 211, n. 2 (giugno 2011): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2010.12.011.

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Gadde, Nagaraja, Basavaraj Jakkali, Ramesh Babu Halasinanagenahalli Siddamallaih e Gowrishankar Gowrishankar. "Quality of experience aware network selection model for service provisioning in heterogeneous network". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, n. 2 (1 aprile 2022): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1839-1848.

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Heterogeneous wireless networks (HWNs) are capable of integrating the different radio access technologies that make it possible to connect mobile users based on the performance parameters. Further quality of service (QoS) is one of the major topics for HWNs, moreover existing radio access technology (RAT) methodology are designed to provide network QoS criteria. However, limited work has been carried out for the RAT selection mechanism considering user QoS preference and existing models are developed based on the multi-mode terminal under a given minimal density network. For overcoming research issues this paper present quality of experience (QoE) RAT (QOE-RAT) selection methodology, incorporating both network performance criteria and user preference considering multiple call and multi-mode HWNs environment. First, this paper presents fuzzy preference aware weight (FPAW) and multi-mode terminal preference aware TOPSIS (MMTPA-TOPSIS) for choosing the best RAT for gaining multi-services. Experiment outcomes show the QOE-RAT selection method achieves much superior packet transmission outcomes when compared with state-of-art Rat selection methodologies.

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Ayachi, B., T. Boukra e N. Mezhoud. "Multi-objective optimal power flow considering the multi-terminal direct current". Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics, n. 1 (23 febbraio 2021): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2074-272x.2021.1.09.

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Introduction. In recent years, transmission systems comprise more direct current structures; their effects on alternating current power system may become significant and important. Also, multi-terminal direct current is favorable to the integration of large wind and solar power plants with a very beneficial ecological effect. The novelty of the proposed work consists in the effects of the aforementioned modern devices on transient stability, thus turn out to be an interesting research issue. In our view, they constitute a new challenge and an additional complexity for studying the dynamic behavior of modern electrical systems. Purpose. We sought a resolution to the problem of the transient stability constrained optimal power flow in the alternating current / direct current meshed networks. Convergence to security optimal power flow has been globally achieved. Methods. The solution of the problem was carried out in MATLAB environment, by an iterative combinatorial approach between optimized power flow computation and dynamic simulation. Results. A new transient stability constrained optimal power flow approach considering multi-terminal direct current systems can improve the transient stability after a contingency occurrence and operate the system economically within the system physical bounds. Practical value. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method is tested on the modified IEEE 14-bus test system with multi-objective optimization problem that reflect active power generation cost minimization and stability of the networks. It should be mentioned that active power losses are small in meshed networks relative to the standard network. The meshed networks led to a gain up to 46,214 % from the base case.

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Ouyang, Sen, Yi Huang e Moyuan Yang. "Reliability modeling of multi-terminal DC circuit breaker and its impact on multi-terminal DC distribution network". International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 147 (maggio 2023): 108888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2022.108888.

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Samaranayake, Lilantha, Carlos E. Ugalde-Loo, Oluwole D. Adeuyi, John Licari e Janaka B. Ekanayake. "Multi-Terminal DC Grid with Wind Power Injection". Wind 2, n. 1 (7 gennaio 2022): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wind2010002.

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With the development of offshore wind generation, the interest in cross-country connections is also increasing, which requires models to study their complex static and dynamic behaviors. This paper presents the mathematical modeling of an offshore wind farm integrated into a cross-country HVDC network forming a multi-terminal high-voltage DC (MTDC) network. The voltage source converter models were added with the control of active power, reactive power, frequency, and DC link voltages at appropriate nodes in the MTDC, resembling a typical cross-country multi-terminal type of HVDC scenario. The mathematical model for the network together with the controllers were simulated in MATLABTM and experimentally verified using a real-time digital simulator hardware setup. The resulting static and dynamic responses from the hardware setup agreed well with those from simulations of the developed models.

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Ding, Fei, Zitong Ma, Zhiliang Li, Ruoyu Su, Dengyin Zhang e Hongbo Zhu. "A Terminal-Oriented Distributed Traffic Flow Splitting Strategy for Multi-Service of V2X Networks". Electronics 8, n. 6 (6 giugno 2019): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060644.

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With the development and the characteristics of terminal services of the 5G (5th-Generation network) Internet of Vehicles (IoVs), this paper proposes a distributed splitting strategy for multi-type services of 5G V2X (Vehicle to X) networks. Based on a service-oriented adaptive splitting strategy in heterogeneous networks, combined with various service types such as communications between the networks, terminal, and base stations, and the value-added services of 5G IoVs, the proposed strategy jointly considers delay and cost as optimization goals. By analyzing the characteristics of the different services, the proposed traffic flow splitting strategy is modeled as an optimization problem to efficiently split services in 5G V2X networks. The simulation results show that by setting the traffic distribution policy for each service, the distributed traffic flow splitting strategy can significantly improve network transmission efficiency and reduce the service costs in a vehicle V2X network.

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Li, Xin, Houlei Gao, Tong Yuan e Bin Xu. "5G Communication Based Distributed Fault Recovery Scheme of Active Distribution Network". E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018501039.

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As more and more distributed power sources are connected to low and medium voltage distribution networks, the traditional single-ended passive distribution networks have evolved into multi- terminal, multi-source active distribution networks. When distributed generations with high permeability are connected to a distribution network, the structure and power flow of this network will change significantly, thus the original fault detection method and reclosing scheme may be challenged, which may cause incorrect action of protection or failure of reclosing. On basis of that, this paper proposes an active distribution network fault recovery scheme based on 5G wireless communication, in which the topology recognition technology and smart terminal units with peer-to-peer communication capability are applied. To prove the method’s feasibility, delay of 5G communication is analysed and tested online. In addition, a model of 10 kV active distribution network is built on Real Time Digital Simulation system. Principle investigation and simulation indicate that the proposed scheme can adapt to the change of network structure and implement the fault self-healing quickly.

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Li, Beibei, Wei Hu, Xue Qu e Yiwei Li. "A Novel Multi-Attack IDS Framework for Intelligent Connected Terminals Based on Over-the-Air Signature Updates". Electronics 12, n. 10 (17 maggio 2023): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12102267.

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Modern terminals are developing toward intelligence and ubiquitous connection. Such ICTs (intelligent connected terminals) interact more frequently with the outside world and expose new attack surfaces. IDSs (intrusion detection systems) play a vital role in protecting ICT security. Multi-attack IDSs that can cover both intra-terminal and inter-terminal networks are a promising research direction for improving detection accuracy and the strength of security protection. However, a major challenge is the frequent dynamic signature updates across the network boundary, which cause significant computational overheads and result in losses in detection performance. In light of this, we propose a novel IDS framework based on OTA (over-the-air) signature updates to implement multi-attack detection. It updates the attack signatures of the target ICTs and adds the new attack signatures to the signature database in order to minimize the local memory storage and computing resources. It employs a CNN (convolutional neural network) based on an auto-encoder to achieve multi-attack detection, which can ensure the detection accuracy of multi-attacks with the multiple classification function. We evaluated our framework on four types of real-world ICT attack data, drawing comparisons with four widely used IDS schemes, and demonstrated the non-negligible superiority of our scheme over all benchmarks in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score. Our work represents an important step toward an IDS that can detect multi-attacks in both intra-terminal and inter-terminal networks.

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Więcek, Dariusz, Igor Michalski, Krzysztof Rzeźniczak e Dariusz Wypiór. "Multi-RAT Orchestration Method for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks". Applied Sciences 11, n. 18 (7 settembre 2021): 8281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188281.

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Currently, energy efficiency (EE) of wireless communication is essential where many wireless networks with different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) coexist together. The RATs can be effectively selected and managed on a higher level to achieve maximum EE and save energy, e.g., save batteries. The approach to wireless traffic steering in mobile networks with a proof-of-concept solution is presented in this paper, owing to the developed high-level multi-RAT (multi-Radio Access Technology) heterogonous network orchestration approach. Based on the high-level network orchestrator, which traces network indicators, it is possible to decrease the user mobile terminal energy consumption, keeping traffic speed at an adequate level. The solution discussed was implemented in an experimental testbed with Software Defined Radio transmission systems. Downlink and uplink data links were toggled among different RATs according to the decisions that were taken by the end-to-end multi-RAT orchestrator based on the received proper network traffic-related indicators. The authors focused on finding an adequate algorithm that allowed for reduced power usage in the user terminal and made the attempt to verify how to reach the power reduction without introducing RAT-specific rules. The results showed that the proposed orchestration EE reduction was observed (from 11% to 42% for two different scenarios) in relation to the single LTE network deployment. The orchestration compared to the Wi-Fi network does not provide EE gain (−7% and 0%, respectively), but allows the user to achieve a higher data rate (23% and 39% gain, respectively), thus keeping the energy efficiency at almost the same level.

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Dhungana, Ram Chandra, e Tanka Nath Dhamala. "Abstract Earliest Arrival Transshipment with Network Reconfiguration". Nepali Mathematical Sciences Report 35, n. 1-2 (31 dicembre 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmsr.v35i1-2.29974.

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The abstract flow model is the generalization of network flow model which deals with the flow paths (routes) satisfying the switching property. Contraflow model increases the flow value by reversing the required arc directions from the sources to the sinks. In this paper, we integrate the concepts of abstract flow and contraflow to introduce abstract earliest arrival transshipment contraflow model in multi-terminal abstract network. The abstract contraflow on multi-terminal dynamic network is NP-Complete. We present an efficient approximation algorithm to solve the problem. This approach satisfies the demand of sinks by sending optimal flow at every possible time point and seeks to eliminate the crossing conflicts.

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Zamanian, Mohammad Hossein, e Farideddin Peiravian. "Multi-Step Heuristic Method for Bus Terminal Location Problem". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, n. 10 (18 maggio 2019): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119849402.

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Bus terminals are one of the main facilities that have a key role in the collection and distribution of passengers within an urban transportation network. The location of a bus terminal strongly affects its performance. Owing to the increasing demand, it is sometimes necessary to add a new bus terminal to the existing urban bus network. Finding a proper location, however, is a challenge that is influenced by different transportation and socio-economic considerations, which in turn affects the surrounding land-use and traffic patterns. In this paper, a new multi-step heuristic method is proposed for the bus terminal location problem to identify a new bus terminal location based on the existing network as well as other transportation considerations and constraints. This is achieved by identifying the existing bus stops that have the greatest potential to be turned into a bus terminal. Other factors taken into consideration are the locations of the existing bus terminals, adjacent land-use, construction costs, node connectivity, and system accessibility. Owing to the multi-objective nature of the problem, a goal programming approach is used to formulate the objective function. To evaluate the proposed model, it was applied to the city of Shiraz in Iran. The results show that the model can provide acceptable and reliable outcomes.

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王, 金枝. "Research and Construction of Multi-Terminal Network Learning Resource System". Vocational Education 06, n. 01 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ve.2017.61001.

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Bin, Dongmei, Chunyan Yang, Ying Ling, Tong Yu e Xin Li. "Terminal Credibility Analysis Method for “One End Multi Network” Environment". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1651 (novembre 2020): 012148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1651/1/012148.

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Fan, Kaigang, Xin Chen, Biao Zhao, Jiale Wang, Wenbin Cui, Junliang Ding e Tao Hu. "Multi-terminal Experimental System Based on Wireless Local Area Network". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1550 (maggio 2020): 032078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1550/3/032078.

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Yang, Guang, Li Ping Su, Ru Lin Zhao e Jun Sheng Wu. "Multi-Mode Communication Distribution Network Supervisory Terminal Unit Based on Embedded Systems". Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (luglio 2013): 1229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.1229.

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Distribution network supervisory terminal unit is widely used in the smart distribution grid construction. To solve the problem that the means of communication is short, a multi-mode communication distribution network supervisory terminal is proposed which can be contactless operated and can collect and transfer local data remotely.

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Yu, Zhipeng, Zhiyuan Gao, Jinshuai Wang, Qiang Wang e Yinghui Qiu. "Research on Network Resource Management Technology in Multi Access Network Environment of Terminal Communication Access Network". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 366 (giugno 2018): 012054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/366/1/012054.

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Amor, Yacine Ayachi, Gaëtan Didier e Farid Hamoudi. "Protection of MTDC Network Using a Resistive Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiter". European Journal of Electrical Engineering 23, n. 6 (31 dicembre 2021): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ejee.230607.

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Multi-terminal DC network (MTDC) offers great potential for long distance huge power delivery with multi-direction power transmission capability. However, the key obstacle in a realization of MTDC is the lack of existing commercial protection device can withstand the DC fault that rises rapidly and surge tenfold within several milliseconds over the whole system. The new technology called Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) could bring a solution to the main bottleneck of the MTDC networks. In this work, an electro-thermal model of resistive type SFCL in series with a hybrid DC circuit breaker is proposed to protect a five terminal MTDC network. The numerical analysis carried out using (EMTP-RV®) software, and the simulation results show how effectively the SFCL can reduce the fault current and increase the breaking capability. Moreover, system stability is remarkably improved.

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Shi, Yangang, Tao Zheng e Chang Yang. "Reflected Traveling Wave Based Single-Ended Fault Location in Distribution Networks". Energies 13, n. 15 (31 luglio 2020): 3917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153917.

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Traveling wave (TW)-based fault-location methods have been used to determine single-phase-to-ground fault distance in power-distribution networks. The previous approaches detected the arrival time of the initial traveling wave via single ended or multi-terminal measurements. Regarding the multi-branch effect, this paper utilized the reflected waves to obtain multiple arriving times through single ended measurement. Potential fault sections were estimated by searching for the possible traveling wave propagation paths in accordance with the structure of the distribution network. This approach used the entire propagation of a traveling wave measured at a single end without any prerequisite of synchronization, which is a must in multi-terminal measurements. The uniqueness of the fault section was guaranteed by several independent single-ended measurements. Traveling waves obtained in a real 10 kV distribution network were used to determine the fault section, and the results demonstrate the significant effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Song, Guobing, Xinghua Huang, Ting Wang, Browh Serge Tekpeti e Xiaoning Kang. "Method for voltage drop compensation in a multi-terminal dc network". IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution 12, n. 10 (29 maggio 2018): 2378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.1684.

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Givaki, Kamyab, Md Habibur Rahman, Dimitrios Vozikis e Ashkan Giveki. "Analysis of integration of multi-terminal HVDC network to weak grids". Journal of Engineering 2019, n. 16 (1 marzo 2019): 3219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.8447.

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Simiyu, Patrobers, Ai Xin, Niasse Mouhammed, Wang Kunyu e Joseph Gurti. "Multi-terminal Medium Voltage DC Distribution Network Large-signal Stability Analysis". Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology 15, n. 5 (10 agosto 2020): 2099–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42835-020-00508-4.

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Sarlette, Alain, Jing Dai, Yannick Phulpin e Damien Ernst. "Cooperative frequency control with a multi-terminal high-voltage DC network". Automatica 48, n. 12 (dicembre 2012): 3128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2012.08.017.

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Normandia Lourenço, Luís F., Amira Louni, Gilney Damm, Mariana Netto, Monssef Drissi-Habti, Samuele Grillo, Alfeu J. Sguarezi Filho e Lasantha Meegahapola. "A Review on Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current Networks for Wind Power Integration". Energies 15, n. 23 (29 novembre 2022): 9016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239016.

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With the growing pressure to substitute fossil fuel-based generation, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) have become one of the main solutions from the power sector in the fight against climate change. Offshore wind farms, for example, are an interesting alternative to increase renewable power production, but they represent a challenge when being interconnected to the grid, since new installations are being pushed further off the coast due to noise and visual pollution restrictions. In this context, Multi-Terminal High Voltage Direct Current (MT-HVDC) networks are the most preferred technology for this purpose and for onshore grid reinforcements. They also enable the delivery of power from the shore to offshore Oil and Gas (O&G) production platforms, which can help lower the emissions in the transition away from fossil fuels. In this work, we review relevant aspects of the operation and control of MT-HVDC networks for wind power integration. The review approaches topics such as the main characteristics of MT-HVDC projects under discussion/commissioned around the world, rising challenges in the control and the operation of MT-HVDC networks and the modeling and the control of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) stations. To illustrate the challenges on designing the control system of a MT-HVDC network and to corroborate the technical discussions, a simulation of a three-terminal MT-HVDC network integrating wind power generation and offshore O&G production units to the onshore grid is performed in Matlab’s Simscape Electrical toolbox. The results highlight the main differences between two alternatives to design the control system for an MT-HVDC network.

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Tao, Yang, e Yan Li Jiang. "A Network Selection Algorithm Based on Traffic Flow". Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (giugno 2014): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.359.

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The existing network selection algorithm generally considering the QoS needs of all services which carried by the terminal. Then selecting an optimal network to access to achieve the overall best of all services, However, for each individual service is not necessarily optimal. To solve the problem above, On the basis of multi-mode terminal and multi- parallel transmission of data, we propose a traffic-based network access selection algorithm, which was designed to realize independent network selection for each traffic flow by considering the network congestion and the transmission of high priority traffic and achieve adaptively network access which making the traffic efficient and reliable transmission, By which each network can be fully utilized. The Simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm can reduce the times of network selection and improve the transmission efficiency and the utilization of network. The results suggest that this kind of network algorithm is effective.

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Cao, Weiguo, Zhong Chen, Congying Wu e Tiecheng Li. "A Method for Matching Information of Substation Secondary Screen Cabinet Terminal Block Based on Artificial Intelligence". Applied Sciences 14, n. 5 (26 febbraio 2024): 1904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14051904.

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The matching of schematic diagrams and physical information of terminal blocks in substation secondary screen cabinets plays a crucial role in the operation and maintenance of substations. To enhance the automation level of this task and reduce labor costs, a method for identifying and matching information of terminal blocks in substation secondary screen cabinets based on artificial intelligence is investigated in this paper. Initially, multi-layer object detection networks, tailored to the characteristics of both the schematic diagrams and the physical entities in substation secondary screen cabinets, are designed for the precise extraction of information. Subsequently, network topologies for both the schematic and physical systems are established using the Neo4j database, which allows for the digital storage of information in the substation secondary screen cabinet systems. Finally, the branch-and-bound method, improved by the application of a multi-modular graph convolutional network (MGCN) and deep Q-network (DQN), is employed to solve the maximum common subgraph (MCS) problem, resulting in the rapid and efficient matching of schematic and physical data.

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Belgacem, Moussa, Mohamed Khatir, Mohammed Abdeldjalil Djehaf, Sid Ahmed Zidi e Riyadh Bouddou. "Implementation of DC voltage controllers on enhancing the stability of multi-terminal DC grids". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, n. 3 (1 giugno 2021): 1894. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i3.pp1894-1904.

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Because of the increasing penetration of intermittent green energy resources like offshore wind farms, solar photovoltaic, the multi-terminal DC grid using VSC technology is considered a promising solution for interconnecting these future energies. To improve the stability of the multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) network, DC voltage control strategies based on voltage margin and voltage droop technique have been developed and investigated in this article. These two control strategies are implemented in the proposed model, a ±400 kV meshed multi-terminal MTDC network based on VSC technology with four terminals during the outage converter. The simulation results include the comparison and analysis of both techniques under the outage converter equipped with constant DC voltage control, then the outage converter equipped with constant active power control. The simulation results confirm that the DC voltage droop technique has a better dynamic performance of power sharing and DC voltage regulation.

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Zhang, Zheng Hua, Jun Gu, Yi Ming Zhao e Ping Liu. "The Design of Heterogeneous Network Integration Gateway System Based on Multi-Threaded". Applied Mechanics and Materials 667 (ottobre 2014): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.667.157.

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This paper mainly describes an iot gateway which has broad access capability of making the integrated communications among heterogeneous networks to be possible.The capability described above can set up multi-threaded execution,so that it can read,segment,extract,recombine,establish Socket and transmit the data which are collected by heterogeneous WSN to the serve through the way of the UDP transport protocol.And then realizing the perception of heterogeneous sensor network data terminal broad access, integration, processing, transmission, and finally realizing the perception network and transmission network connectivity.This paper will use this experimental method to show the final fusion of Intelligent transportation project in the induction system and the parking system.

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Lee, Hyangsook, Maria Boile e Sotirios Theofanis. "Modeling Carrier Interactions in an International Freight Transport System". International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 7, n. 1 (gennaio 2014): 15–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2014010102.

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This paper presents a novel multi-level hierarchical approach which models carrier interactions in international maritime freight transportation networks. Ocean carriers, land carriers and port terminal operators are considered. Port terminal operators, providing transportation services within a port complex, are regarded as a special type of the carrier, based on their behavior. The carriers make pricing and routing decisions at different parts of the multimodal network, having hierarchical relationships. Ocean carriers are regarded as the leaders in a maritime shipping market. Port terminal operators are the followers of ocean carriers as well as the leaders of land carriers. The individual carrier problem is formulated at each level using Nash equilibrium to find the optimal service charge and routing pattern for which each carrier obtains the greatest profit. Interactions among different types of carriers are captured in a three-level model. The concept of multi-leader-follower game is applied to a multi-level game. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the validity of the developed three-level model.

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Wang, Yani, Tao Zheng, Chang Yang e Li Yu. "Traveling-Wave Based Fault Location for Phase-to-Ground Fault in Non-Effectively Earthed Distribution Networks". Energies 13, n. 19 (24 settembre 2020): 5028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195028.

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This paper presents a multi-terminal traveling-wave-based fault location method for phase-to-ground fault in non-effectively earthed distribution systems. To improve the accuracy of fault location, a two-terminal approach is used to identify the faulty branch and a single-ended approach is followed to determine the fault distance based on the arrival time of reflected traveling waves. Wavelet decomposition is employed to extract the time-frequency component of the aerial-mode traveling waves. Magnitude and polarity of the wavelet coefficients are used to estimate the fault distance starting from the propagation fault point to the branch terminal. In addition, the network is divided into several sub-networks in order to reduce the number of measurement units. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by simulations considering the phase-to-ground fault that happens at different positions in the distribution network.

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Chiumeo, Riccardo, Diego Raggini, Alessandro Veroni e Alessio Clerici. "Comparative Analysis of PI and ADRC Control through CHIL Real Time Simulations of a DC-DC DAB into a Multi-Terminal MVDC/LVDC Distribution Network". Energies 15, n. 20 (15 ottobre 2022): 7631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207631.

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This article presents a deep theoretical analysis of the Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) regulator for the control of first-order systems, directly compared to a “traditional” Proportional Integral (PI) regulator. To complete the theoretical study, ADRC and PI are implemented into the model of a single-phase Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter to regulate the voltage of a Direct Current (DC) network. Facing different types of disturbances and DC network parameters variations, strengths and weaknesses of the two controllers are highlighted. ADRC and PI controls are discretized and implemented in Control Hardware In the Loop (CHIL) simulations of a single-phase DAB converter to regulate the voltage of a node of multi-terminal and multi-level DC network. By changing the DAB connection points along the MVDC network, the controlled system is stressed with different disturbances, extending the result of single-terminal network software simulations.

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Zheng, Jianning. "Application of Multi-terminal Pilot Protection Algorithm in Network Information Big Data for New Feeder Automation Terminal". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1982, n. 1 (1 luglio 2021): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1982/1/012046.

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Huang, Gen Yong. "Win CE and ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network-Based Design". Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (settembre 2013): 844–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.844.

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Abstract (sommario):

Building supporting technologies of wireless sensor network system, the data acquisition network scenarios, Win CE and ZigBee technology, design a typical multi-level network model to achieve the CC2430 chip integrated positioning enginewireless communications, applications, short-range multi-network node microprocessor WinCE operating system the center gateway human-computer interaction platform to connect to the public network via broadband and the public telephone network, the use of serial wireless communication terminal acquisition part and gateway platformdata transmission, to achieve environmental monitoring, centralized management of data sent and comprehensive information.

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Lian, Suo, Yongwei Ma, Wenyi Li, Jun Tao, Biao Wang, Yu Xu e Qiong Liu. "Coordinated Control of Multi-terminal MVDC Distribution Network with Photovoltaic Power Station". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 714, n. 4 (1 marzo 2021): 042039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/714/4/042039.

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张, 平川. "Design Feed Network for Multi-Mode Broadband Microstrip Antenna of Navigation Terminal". Journal of Antennas 07, n. 02 (2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ja.2018.72002.

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Parker, Max, Stephen Finney e Derrick Holliday. "DC protection of a multi-terminal HVDC network featuring offshore wind farms". Energy Procedia 142 (dicembre 2017): 2195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.588.

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Danqun, ZHANG, XUE Haidong, BAI Yujie, YIN Hailin, WU Qi, YIN Hongbo, LIN Xiaojuan e WANG Haimeng. "Design of optical network terminal in multi-interface fusion optical fiber databus". Journal of Applied Optics 44, n. 1 (2023): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5768/jao202344.0108003.

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Ye, Fang, Zhi Nong Wei e Guo Qiang Sun. "Improved Power Flow Algorithm Incorporating Multi-Terminal VSC-HVDC". Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (novembre 2011): 2188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2188.

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Abstract (sommario):

Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology is a newly deve- loped power transmission technology. The basic principle and structure of multi-terminal VSC-HVDC is introduced and its steady-state mathematical model is set up. An improved power flow algorithm is deduced, which not only decouple the relationship between AC and DC systems’ variables in the strict mathematical form, but also can be integrated with the conventional power flow program and exhibit good accuracy and convergence characteristics compared to conventional technique. A numerical example of IEEE 14-bus test system with a 3-terminal VSC-HVDC network is given. The results show that the proposed steady-state model of multi-terminal VSC-HVDC and corresponding power flow algorithm are correct and effective.

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Zhang, Guorong, Yunqin Wang, Bo Peng, Yi Lu, Peng Qiu, Feng Xu e Chaoliang Wang. "Multi-objective operation optimization of active distribution network based on three-terminal flexible multi-state switch". Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 11, n. 2 (marzo 2019): 025501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5053614.

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Loku, Fisnik, Patrick Düllmann, Christina Brantl e Antonello Monti. "Equivalent Impedance Calculation Method for Control Stability Assessment in HVDC Grids". Energies 14, n. 21 (21 ottobre 2021): 6899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14216899.

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A major challenge in the development of multi-vendor HVDC networks are converter control interactions. While recent publications have reported interoperability issues such as persistent oscillations for first multi-vendor HVDC setups with AC-side coupling, multi-terminal HVDC networks are expected to face similar challenges. To investigate DC-side control interactions and mitigate possible interoperability issues, several methods based on the converters’ and DC network’s impedances have been proposed in literature. For DC network’s impedance modelling, most methods require detailed knowledge of all converters’ design and controls. However, in multi-vendor HVDC networks, converter control parameters are not expected to be shared due to proprietary reasons. Therefore, to facilitate impedance-based stability analyses in multi-vendor MTDC networks, methods that do not require the disclosure of the existing converter controls are needed. Here, detailed impedance measurements can be applied; however, they are time-consuming and require new measurement for a single configuration change. This paper proposes an equivalent impedance calculation method suitable for multi-vendor DC networks, which for available black-box models or converter impedance characteristics can be modularly applied for various network configurations, including different control settings and operating points, while significantly reducing the required time for obtaining an equivalent DC network impedance.

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Sai Krishnan Ganesh, Et al. "Multi-Network Fusion Technology for Online Health Care". International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, n. 3 (31 marzo 2023): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i3.9864.

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This research presents a multifunctional remote medical care structure based on multi-network fusion. The structure facilitates various processes, including entity registration, authentication, electronic medical record establishment, data acquisition, remote diagnosis, and information feedback. The user terminal consists of a smart phone and a medical sensor, while the structure server includes modules such as server communication, information management, safety, disease diagnosis, information feedback, and authentication center. The structure offers rapid response, timely detection of pathological changes, convenience, and rapidness. Additionally, it allows for easy functional expansion and significant upgrading capabilities.

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Li, Zhou, Yan He, Ting-Quan Zhang e Xiao-Ping Zhang. "Universal Power Flow Algorithm for Bipolar Multi-Terminal VSC-HVDC". Energies 13, n. 5 (26 febbraio 2020): 1053. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13051053.

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An effective and accurate power flow algorithm provides control references for active power dispatch and initial steady state operating points, used for stability analysis, short-circuit calculations, and electromagnetic transient simulations, which is not only a fundamental precondition to analyze the system operating conditions, but also the basis to improve the accuracy of power flow and DC voltage control of the multi-terminal voltage source converter-based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC). This paper proposes a nodal voltage-based universal steady-state power flow algorithm for the newly-developed bipolar multi-terminal VSC-HVDC (VSC-MTDC). Firstly, as the positive-pole and negative-pole DC network of the bipolar VSC-MTDC can be operated individually, a bipolar power flow alternating iterative method is proposed here to obtain the positive/negative-pole DC network power flow. Secondly, a series of nodal equivalent methods involving various control strategies are proposed for the universal power flow algorithm. Then the detailed calculation procedure and a general MATLAB(TM) program for the universal power flow algorithm is presented. A typical 4-terminal bipolar VSC-MTDC system was built in the PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the validity of the proposed algorithm, and the results are discussed here. Moreover, the calculation results of more complex bipolar VSC-MTDC systems under different operating conditions, employing the proposed universal power flow algorithm, are presented to illustrate its universality and efficiency.

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Bolshanin, Georgiy A., e Elena G. Skulina. "Relationship between the coefficients of a six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals". Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University 17, n. 1 (25 marzo 2019): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2019-17-1-94-103.

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Problem Statement (Relevance): This paper describes one of the possible variants of the quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the B-form equations and the equations of other forms that evaluate the state of a passive six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals. Such six-terminal network can replace devices, elements or parts of electrical circuits or electric power systems. The coefficients of the B-form equations, as well as the coefficients of the A-form equations, can be determined experimentally. In principle, the coefficients of equations of other forms can also be determined experimentally. However, such experiments are usually difficult to set up and conduct. Thus, it seems to be more reasonable to determine these coefficients from the established quantitative relationship with the previously determined coefficients of the B-form. Objectives: To establish a quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the B-form equations describing the state of the six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals and the coefficients of the G-, H-, Y- and Z-form equations describing the state of the same six-terminal network. Methods Applied: Mathematical modelling and some elements of the theory of multi-terminal networks. Originality: The originality of this research lies in the proposed method of establishing a quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the A-form equations and the equations of other forms describing the state of the passive six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals. Findings: This paper examines one of the possible variants of the quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the B-form equations and the coefficients of the G-, H-, Y- and Z-form equations describing the state of the passive six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals. Some mathematical statements are presented which can help establish such relationship. Practical Relevance: If one knows the values of the B-form equation coefficients, the proposed quantitative relationship between the coefficients of various forms of equations will help build equations of other forms and establish various types of dependencies between the input and output characteristics of an electric power unit, which can be replaced with a six-terminal network with two input and four output terminals. This technique can be used to establish a quantitative relationship between the coefficients of the G-, H-, Y- or Z-form equations and the coefficients of equations of other forms describing the state of different modifications of passive six-terminal networks.

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Fu, YF, XM Zhang e ZP Yang. "Terminal Access Method of Power Equipment Based on eSIM in WSN Environment". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2476, n. 1 (1 aprile 2023): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2476/1/012078.

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Abstract To ensure the integration of wireless sensor network and broadband wireless communication network, we establish a new generation of power IoTs information communication system for smart grid, and propose a distribution automation terminal solution based on eSIM card. An adaptive access algorithm based on multi logic eSIM priority, and a WSN based power acquisition system architecture, are also put forward. Then, according to the statistical analysis results of service arrival, the dialing and location information are integrated into one module. Through terminal classification and mobile modeling, a remote management mechanism based on EUICC is finally established. The system simulation test results show that the strategy adopted in this article can reduce the terminal access blocking rate in heterogeneous network environment, and the support of eSIM in WSN environment increases the integration of power equipment.

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Duan, Jianguo, Hongzhi Zhang, Qinglei Zhang e Jiyun Qin. "Research on Neural Network Terminal Sliding Mode Control of Robotic Arms Based on Novel Reaching Law and Improved Salp Swarm Algorithm". Actuators 12, n. 12 (13 dicembre 2023): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12120464.

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Modeling errors and external disturbances have significant impacts on the control accuracy of robotic arm trajectory tracking. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel method, the neural network terminal sliding mode control (ALSSA-RBFTSM), which combines fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode (FNTSM) control, radial basis function (RBF) neural network, and an improved salp swarm algorithm (ALSSA). This method effectively enhances the trajectory tracking accuracy of robotic arms under the influence of uncertain factors. Firstly, the fast nonsingular terminal sliding surface is utilized to enhance the convergence speed of the system and achieve finite-time convergence. Building upon this, a novel multi-power reaching law is proposed to reduce system chattering. Secondly, the RBF neural network is utilized to estimate and compensate for modeling errors and external disturbances. Then, an improved salp swarm algorithm is proposed to optimize the parameters of the controller. Finally, the stability of the control system is demonstrated using the Lyapunov theorem. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ALSSA-RBFTSM algorithm exhibits superior robustness and trajectory tracking performance compared to the global fast terminal sliding mode (GFTSM) algorithm and the RBF neural network fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode (RBF-FNTSM) algorithm.

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