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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Multi-Institutional Systems – economics"
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JANSSEN, MARCO A., e JOHN M. ANDERIES. "A multi-method approach to study robustness of social–ecological systems: the case of small-scale irrigation systems". Journal of Institutional Economics 9, n. 4 (24 giugno 2013): 427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137413000180.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract:Elinor Ostrom was a leader in using multiple methods to perform institutional analysis. In this paper, we discuss how a multi-method approach she pioneered may be used to study the robustness of social–ecological systems. We synthesize lessons learned from a series of studies on small-scale irrigation systems in which we use case-study analysis, experimental methods in laboratory and field settings, and mathematical models. The accumulated insights show the importance of creating institutional arrangements that fit the human ecology within the biophysical constraints of the system. The examples of work based on multiple methods approaches presented here highlight several lessons. For example, experimental work helps us better understand the details of how the ability to maintain trust relationships, low levels of inequality, and low transaction costs of coordination are critical for success. Likewise, the integration of case-study analysis and modeling helps us better understand how systems that can leverage biophysical characteristics to help address challenges of monitoring, sanctioning, and coordination may be able to increase their chances of success.
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Ocloo, Kafui Afi, Charles Yaw Oduro e Ronald Adamtey. "Bringing Institutional Economics to Bear in Understanding Ghana’s Performance on Multi-Stakeholder Interventions". Journal of Sustainable Development 8, n. 9 (29 novembre 2015): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v8n9p157.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Existing literature on Ghana’s performance on the decentralized planning system hardly explores the role of individual rationality and organizational rationality in explaining performance on development efforts. This article examines whether the proposition of the New Institutional Economics (NIE) that decisions that individuals make constitute trans-actions in which costs and debts are incurred has a bearing on the performance of institutions involved in endogenous development processes at the local level. The case study methodology was employed using two purposively selected water supply schemes in Ghana. In-depth interviews and questionnaires were used to collect primary data. Secondary data was obtained from project reports. The findings indicated that even during the pursuit of an endogenous development strategy at the local level, the performance of the local stakeholders was determined by the state of intra-stakeholder structures. This in turn, was a sum of the decisions and actions of the individual members of the entities that were the main actors (i.e. the stakeholders). The NIE’s proposition that trans-action cost is key basis for individuals’ decisions and action was clearly evident in the decisions and actions of individuals (i.e. staff of the main actors), but it also was evident in the decisions and actions of the main actors (the entities that were the stakeholders). The study recommends that key development actors and the Ministry of Water Resources Works and Housing devote more attention to researching into how internal organizational conditions affect and shape the performance of stakeholders on the systems and how the existing intra and inter-stakeholder mechanisms can be improved to foster the success of development efforts at the local level.
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Viljoen, Salomé, Jake Goldenfein e Lee McGuigan. "Design choices: Mechanism design and platform capitalism". Big Data & Society 8, n. 2 (luglio 2021): 205395172110343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20539517211034312.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mechanism design is a form of optimization developed in economic theory. It casts economists as institutional engineers, choosing an outcome and then arranging a set of market rules and conditions to achieve it. The toolkit from mechanism design is widely used in economics, policymaking, and now in building and managing online environments. Mechanism design has become one of the most pervasive yet inconspicuous influences on the digital mediation of social life. Its optimizing schemes structure online advertising markets and other multi-sided platform businesses. Whatever normative rationales mechanism design might draw on in its economic origins, as its influence has grown and its applications have become more computational, we suggest those justifications for using mechanism design to orchestrate and optimize human interaction are losing traction. In this article, we ask what ideological work mechanism design is doing in economics, computer science, and its applications to the governance of digital platforms. Observing mechanism design in action in algorithmic environments, we argue it has become a tool for producing information domination, distributing social costs in ways that benefit designers, and controlling and coordinating participants in multi-sided platforms.
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Alsharari, Nizar Mohammad, Robert Dixon e Mayada Abd El-Aziz Youssef. "Management accounting change: critical review and a new contextual framework". Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 11, n. 4 (2 novembre 2015): 476–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-05-2014-0030.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose – This paper aims to introduce and discuss a new contextual framework to explain the processes of management accounting change in various organizations. Design/methodology/approach – Having an institutional perspective, the paper develops a “conceptual contextual framework” of management accounting change. The methodology to accomplish this theory building consists of an integration of a number of different works summarizing the common elements, contrasting the differences and extending the work in some fashion. Particularly, it draws on theoretical triangulation by adopting three approaches: old institutional economics for internal processes and factors (Burns and Scapens, 2000); new institutional sociology for external processes and pressures (Dillard et al., 2004); and power and politics mobilization (Hardy, 1996). Findings – The proposed framework provides an understanding of the complex “mixture” of interrelated factors that may influence management accounting change at multi-institutional levels: political and economic level, organizational field level and organizational level. Research limitations/implications – The framework extends institutional theory-based management accounting research as well as provides a comprehensive basis for examining dynamics of accounting in the institutionalization process. Through further research, the framework will be extended and refined. Practical implications – The paper has practical implications for practitioners and officers as well as for the accounting profession and academics alike. Originality/value – The proposed contextual framework provides insights into the processes of change by focusing attention on the underlying institutions that encode accounting systems or practices in three institutional levels: political and economic level, the organizational field level and organization level. Examining the tension between institutionalized beliefs and values that may occur between these three levels of institutions will enhance our understanding of management accounting change in organizations.
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Inha, Laura M., Tapio S. Katko e Riikka P. Rajala. "Improved Water Services Cooperation through Clarification of Rules and Roles". Water 11, n. 10 (19 ottobre 2019): 2172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102172.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water services face global challenges, many of which are institutional by nature. While technical solutions may suit several situations, institutional frameworks are likely to vary more. On the basis of constructive research approach and new institutional economics we analyze and illustrate water services and the roles of various water sector actors in Finnish water utility setting using the “soccer analogy” by the Nobel Laureate D.C. North: Institutions are the “formal and informal rules of the game” while organizations are the “players”. Additionally, we assess the Finnish water governance system and discuss issues of scale and fragmentation and distinguish terms water provision and production. Finally, we elaborate the limitations of the soccer analogy to water services through ownership of the systems. According to the soccer analogy, inclusive institutional development requires skillful players (competent staff), team play (collaboration), proper coaching (education), supporters (citizens, media), managers (policymakers), and referees (authorities). We argue that institutional diversity and player/stakeholder collaboration are the foundation for enhancing good multi-level water governance, and that water management, although fragmented, should be seen as a connector of different sectors. For successful outcomes, scientific results should be communicated to public in more common language.
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Durganna Thimmappa e Gokul R. . "BISAP plus serum lactate dehydrogenase: a new scoring system for assessment of severity of acute pancreatitis". International Surgery Journal 10, n. 5 (29 aprile 2023): 882–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20231385.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Acute Pancreatitis is a process of acute inflammation of pancreas along with peripancreatic tissue and multi organ involvement. To reduce morbidity and mortality by predicting the course of the disease and do an early intervention several scoring systems have been proposed such as RANSON’S score, BISAP score, APACHE II etc. Methods: Patients are chosen with clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis over a period of 6 months, based on inclusion criteria, with consent. They underwent investigations base d on the scoring systems and institutional protocol. The different scoring systems were used and calculated. The effectiveness of all the scoring systems were calculated using Microsoft Excel indicating its sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive value. Results: BISAP with LDH (BISAP PLUS) shows the highest sensitivity (85.71%), Positive predictive value (70.59%), Negative predictive value (84.62%) and Accuracy (76.67%) among different scoring systems. The highest specificity was seen in APACHE II (75%) Conclusions: Use of BISAP plus serum LDH (BISAP plus) can help in daily assessment and quicker management of acute pancreatitis and should be studied further, as it is showing promise in helping in management of acute pancreatitis.
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Orekhova, Svetlana, e Dmitriy Azarov. "Industrial complex: Evolution of a research programme". Journal of New Economy 21, n. 2 (10 luglio 2020): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2658-5081-2020-21-2-1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The economic downturn resulting from a sharp decrease in demand under the pan demic implies the transformation of the existing ideas about the principles of running enter prises and their associations – industrial complexes. Currently, there is no commonly-used definition of this concept available in laws and regulations or science. The use of such vague terminology allows multiple interpretations which bias the findings and decrease their applica bility for the industrial policies aimed at achieving economic growth in the most effective way. The paper focuses on establishing the up-to-date research programme for the term “industrial complex” in economics. The methodological basis rests on the set of concepts including neo classical and neoinstitutional theories, the systems approach, and postulates of management theories. The research employs fundamental methods of formalisation and systematisation, and 20 Journal of New Economy 2020 • Vol. 21 • No. 2 Theoretical Basis of Economic Development and Growth relies on bibliometric and content analyses. Based on the developed research programme, the authors identify the key features of the industrial complex including systemic, multi-sectoral institutional nature of such association represented as a network focusing on meeting a unified set of needs and requiring management of a multiplicity of subjects. The study shows that since the location of industrial complexes is no longer limited it cannot be regarded as a meso-level subsystem. The authors propose their interpretation of the industrial complex as a multi-sec toral institutional association of industrial enterprises and infrastructure facilities represented as a network focusing on meeting a unified set of needs. The obtained results can be applied to monitor the performance and efficiency of industrial complexes, as well as to formulate specific items of a policy for economic growth.
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Shadnam, Masoud, e Thomas B. Lawrence. "Understanding Widespread Misconduct in Organizations: An Institutional Theory of Moral Collapse". Business Ethics Quarterly 21, n. 3 (luglio 2011): 379–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq201121324.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT:Reports of widespread misconduct in organizations have become sadly commonplace. Sexual abuse in the Catholic Church, accounting fraud in large corporations, and physical and sexual harassment in the military implicate not only the individuals involved, but the organizations and fields in which they happened. In this paper we describe such situations as instances of “moral collapse” and develop a multi-level theory of moral collapse that draws on institutional theory as its central orienting lens. We draw on institutional theory because of its explicit concern with the relationships among individual beliefs and actions, the organizations within which they occur, and the collective social structures in which norms, rules and beliefs are anchored. Our theory of moral collapse has two main elements. First, we argue that morality in organizations is embedded in nested systems of individuals, organizations and moral communities in which ideology and regulation flow “down” from moral communities through organizations to individuals, and moral ideas and influence flow “upward” from individuals through organizations to moral communities. Second, we argue that moral collapse is associated with breakdowns in these flows, and explore conditions under which such breakdowns are likely to occur.
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Pelletier, C., T. J. Chaussalet e H. Xie. "On the use of multi-state multi-census techniques for modelling the survival of elderly people in institutional long-term care". IMA Journal of Management Mathematics 16, n. 3 (1 luglio 2005): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imaman/dpi021.
Testo completo
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Krenn, Mario. "Convergence and divergence in corporate governance". Management Research Review 39, n. 11 (21 novembre 2016): 1447–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-05-2014-0103.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose Whether corporate governance systems and practices are converging to the Anglo-American shareholder-value-oriented model or continue to diverge from this model and maintain their idiosyncrasies has been controversially debated among scholars in a variety of academic disciplines. The purpose of this paper is to review, critique and integrate the disparate positions in the convergence-divergence debate in corporate governance and to suggest promising directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach The author constructs a theoretical framework in which convergence and divergence dynamics are conceptualized as simultaneous processes of institutional change and continuity. This framework takes into account the influence of economic market forces, social embeddedness and cultural forces in shaping corporate governance at the national and the firm levels and provides a holistic and integrative perspective on the extant literature in the convergence-divergence debate. Findings The literature review does not support either the predictions of convergence advocates or the predictions of divergence advocates. Instead, the paper finds that convergence and divergence dynamics can coexist and lead to increasing heterogeneity in corporate governance arrangements of firms within and between corporate governance systems. This finding adds complexity to the debate and opens room for interesting research directions. Originality/value The paper offers a comprehensive review of the topic and draws from literature in financial economics, comparative law, economic sociology, international business, political science and strategic management. Most importantly, the paper offers a multi-theoretical framework that allows for an integration of the divergent perspectives presented in the literature.
Tesi sul tema "Multi-Institutional Systems – economics"
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"Commons Governance for Robust Systems: Irrigation Systems Study Under a Multi-Method Approach". Doctoral diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.46295.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
abstract: Sustainability depends in part on our capacity to resolve dilemmas of the commons in Coupled Infrastructure Systems (CIS). Thus, we need to know more about how to incentivize individuals to take collective action to manage shared resources. Moreover, given that we will experience new and more extreme weather events due to climate change, we need to learn how to increase the robustness of CIS to those shocks. This dissertation studies irrigation systems to contribute to the development of an empirically based theory of commons governance for robust systems. I first studied the eight institutional design principles (DPs) for long enduring systems of shared resources that the Nobel Prize winner Elinor Ostrom proposed in 1990. I performed a critical literature review of 64 studies that looked at the institutional configuration of CIS, and based on my findings I propose some modifications of their definitions and application in research and policy making. I then studied how the revisited design principles, when analyzed conjointly with biophysical and ethnographic characteristics of CISs, perform to avoid over-appropriation, poverty and critical conflicts among users of an irrigation system. After carrying out a meta-analysis of 28 cases around the world, I found that particular combinations of those variables related to population size, countries corruption, the condition of water storage, monitoring of users behavior, and involving users in the decision making process for the commons governance, were sufficient to obtain the desired outcomes. The two last studies were based on the Peruvian Piura Basin, a CIS that has been exposed to environmental shocks for decades. I used secondary and primary data to carry out a longitudinal study using as guidance the robustness framework, and different hypothesis from prominent collapse theories to draw potential explanations. I then developed a dynamic model that shows how at the current situation it is more effective to invest in rules enforcement than in the improvement of the physical infrastructure (e.g. reservoir). Finally, I explored different strategies to increase the robustness of the system, through enabling collective action in the Basin.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2017
Libri sul tema "Multi-Institutional Systems – economics"
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Glied, Sherry, e Peter C. Smith, a cura di. The Oxford Handbook of Health Economics. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199238828.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Oxford Handbook of Health Economics provides a guide to health economics. The articles stress the direct impact of health economics reasoning on policy and practice, offering readers an introduction to the potential reach of the discipline. Contributions come from leaders in health economics and reflect the worldwide reach of the discipline. The articles place emphasis on the connections between theory and policy-making, and develop the contributions of health economics to problems arising in a variety of institutional contexts, from primary care to the operations of health insurers. The volume addresses policy concerns relevant to health systems in both developed and developing countries. The book takes a broad perspective, with relevance to systems with single or multi-payer health insurance arrangements, and to those relying predominantly on user charges; contributions are also included that focus both on medical care and on non-medical factors that affect health. Each article provides a succinct summary of the current state of economic thinking in a given area, as well as a unique perspective on issues that remain open to debate. The volume presents a view of health economics as a vibrant and continually advancing field, highlighting ongoing challenges and pointing to new directions for further progress.
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Golder, Sona N., Ignacio Lago, André Blais, Elisabeth Gidengil e Thomas Gschwend. The Institutional and Political Context of Multi-Level Elections in France, Germany, and Spain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791539.003.0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To get a sense of the institutional variation across the three countries and six regions, this chapter discusses the electoral rules, regime types, and party systems in the given cases. The party systems vary in the extent to which they are nationalized, with some countries having important differences at the subnational level, such as regional parties that compete in a single region, and other countries having party systems that look similar across multiple arenas. To put the elections studied in context, the chapter also discusses the political and economic situation facing citizens of the different regions during the period under analysis. The analyses cover a period of financial stress in these countries, though variation is seen in how much different countries, and regions within countries, suffered from the global financial crisis that began shortly before the study. Parties and voters are expected to vary accordingly in their reaction to the crisis.
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Osman, Abdul Magid, e Djamila Pontes Osman. Putting the financial system to work for the poor and SMEs. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/886-3.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The financial inclusion effort achieved positive results, with the number of Mozambicans having access to banking services increasing considerably, particularly after 2011–12. However, the economic and social impact was limited, considering that farm productivity has remained low and poverty levels are still high. The neoliberal doctrine in the economic sphere, its expression in the restrictive monetary policies, and the weakness of the multi-party democracy system have been institutional factors restricting economic and social development. Consequently, this study proposes some institutional reform measures to expand credit to family subsistence farmers, small and medium-sized enterprises, the population in general, and low-income families in particular. Young people could benefit from more accessible housing loans. Rural family farmers also need systemic, public support.
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Behrens, Martin, e Heiner Dribbusch, a cura di. Industrial Relations in Germany. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748900573.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This special edition of ‘WSI-Mitteilungen’, the academic journal of the Institute of Economic and Social Research (WSI), focuses on the state of labour relations in Germany. The system of German industrial relations aroused lively interest following the corporatist crisis management of 2009/2010, which was credited with ‘Germany’s jobs miracle’. In 2019, it is apparent that although works councils and multi-employer collective bargaining—the core institutional pillars which shape the dual system of German industrial relations—are still alive, labour relations as a whole are undergoing substantial changes. It is the aim of this special issue to contribute to improving our understanding of these changes, and also to open up new perspectives on both the theory and practice of industrial relations. With contributions by Nadine Absenger, Martin Behrens, Wolfram Brehmer, Heiner Dribbusch, Helge Emmler, Anke Hassel, Wolfgang Schroeder, Thorsten Schulten and Daniel Seikel.
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Robinson, Mary. Human Rights in Global Health. A cura di Benjamin Mason Meier e Lawrence O. Gostin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190672676.001.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Institutions matter for the advancement of human rights in global health. Given the dramatic development of human rights under international law and the parallel proliferation of global institutions for public health, there arises an imperative to understand the implementation of human rights through global health governance. This volume examines the evolving relationship between human rights, global governance, and public health, studying an expansive set of health challenges through a multi-sectoral array of global organizations. To analyze the structural determinants of rights-based governance, the organizations in this volume include those international bureaucracies that implement human rights in ways that influence public health in a globalizing world. Bringing together leading health and human rights scholars and practitioners from academia, non-governmental organizations, and the United Nations system, this volume explores: (1) the foundations of human rights as a normative framework for global health governance, (2) the mandate of the World Health Organization to pursue a human rights-based approach to health, (3) the role of inter-governmental organizations across a range of health-related human rights, (4) the influence of rights-based economic governance on public health, and (5) the focus on global health among institutions of human rights governance. Contributing chapters map the distinct human rights activities within a specific institution of global governance for health. Through the comparative institutional analysis in this volume, the contributing authors examine institutional efforts to operationalize human rights in organizational policies, programs, and practices and assess institutional factors that facilitate or inhibit human rights mainstreaming for global health advancement.
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Anguillari, Enrico, e Branka Dimitrijević. INTEGRATED URBAN PLANNING: directions, resources and territories. TU Delft Bouwkunde, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/bookrxiv.24.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the book on integrated urban planning (IUP) is to present ongoing research from the universities involved in the project Creating the Network of Knowledge Labs for Sustainable and Resilient Environments (KLABS). Although sustainability and resilience have been largely explored in many complex social-ecological systems, they have only recently been applied in the context of cities. Both concepts are useful when seeking an integrated approach to urban planning as they help to look at the city as an interconnected, multi-dimensional system. Analysing the sustainability and the resilience of urban systems involves looking at environmental, social and economic aspects, as well as at those related to technology, culture and institutional structures. Sustainability, resilience as well as integrated urban development are all focused on process. Their objectives are typically defined around the ongoing operation of the process and they can change during the time. Therefore, building a sustainable and resilient city is a collective endeavor that is about mindsets just as much as about physical structures and their operation, where capacity to anticipate and plan for the future, to learn and to adapt are paramount. The papers published in this book show that the recent and current research in those institutions focuses on the directions of development of IUP, the processes that support sustainable and resilient use of natural resources and their application in the Western Balkan and some other European countries. Each essay aims to provide an overview of key aspects of the research topic. The division of the book into three parts - directions, resources and territories - underlines how the challenges that the contemporary city poses can be dealt with more effectively by integrating different paradigms, concepts and trends of urban development and governance; taking into account the numerous problems linked to the availability and exploitation of the main natural and non-natural resources; and looking at the city and the territory as systems in constant transformation, not reducible within rigid dichotomies such as urban/rural, dense/sprawled, formal/informal, etc.
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McGreavy, Bridie, e David Hart. Sustainability Science and Climate Change Communication. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.563.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Direct experience, scientific reports, and international media coverage make clear that the breadth, severity, and multiple consequences from climate change are far-reaching and increasing. Like many places globally, the northeastern United States is already experiencing climate change, including one of the world’s highest rates of ocean warming, reduced durations of winter ice cover on lakes, a marked increase in the frequency of extreme precipitation events, and climate-mediated ecological disruptions of invasive species. Given current and projected changes in ecosystems, communities, and economies, it is essential to find ways to anticipate and reduce vulnerabilities to change and, at the same time, promote sustainable economic development and human well-being.The emerging field of sustainability science offers a promising conceptual and analytic framework for accelerating progress towards sustainable development. Sustainability science aims to be use-inspired and to connect basic and applied knowledge with solutions for societal benefit. This approach draws from diverse disciplines, theories, and methods organized around the broad goal of maintaining and improving life support systems, ecosystem health, and human well-being. Partners in New England have been using sustainability science as a framework for stakeholder-engaged, interdisciplinary research that has generated use-inspired knowledge and multiple solutions for more than a decade. Sustainability science has helped produce a landscape-scale approach to wetland conservation; emergency response plans for invasive species that threaten livelihoods and cultures; decision support tools for improved water quality management and public health for beach use and shellfish consumption; and the development of robust partnership networks across disciplines and institutions. Understanding and reducing vulnerability to climate change is a central motivating factor in this portfolio of projects because linking knowledge about social-ecological systems with effective policy action requires a holistic view that addresses complex intersecting stressors.One common theme in these varied efforts is the way that communication fundamentally shapes collaborative research and social, technical, and policy outcomes from sustainability science. Communication as a discipline has, for more than two thousand years, sought to understand how environments and symbols shape human life, forms of social organization, and collective decision making. The result is a body of scholarship and practical techniques that are diverse and well adapted to meet the complexity of contemporary sustainability challenges. The complexity of the issues that sustainability science aspires to solve requires diversity and flexibility to be able to adapt approaches to the specific needs of a situation. Long-term, cross-scale, and multi-institutional sustainability science collaborations show that communication research and practice can help build communities and networks, and advance technical and policy solutions to confront the challenges of climate change and promote sustainability now and in future.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Multi-Institutional Systems – economics"
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Hotori, Eiji, Mikael Wendschlag e Thibaud Giddey. "The United States: The First Formalization of Banking Supervision". In Formalization of Banking Supervision, 23–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6783-1_2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis chapter examines the formalization of banking supervision in the United States (US), focusing on the federal level. During the “free banking era” from the late 1830s to 1864, several state governments created banking supervisory systems at the state level. Triggered by the fiscal needs of the Civil War, as well as the demand for a national currency, the US became the first country to introduce uniform nationwide banking supervision with the creation of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and the national banking system. The main purpose of the OCC was to ensure that the national banks did not violate the regulations related to the new currency, the US dollar. From a historical perspective, the rapid social and economic development of the US from the 1850s provided the background for this institutional change. Although the US case demonstrates that financial crises have not always driven the formalization of banking supervision, the crises of 1907 and the Great Depression served to further strengthen the formalization of banking supervision by prompting the introduction of multi-agency banking supervision in the US.
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Mkomwa, Saidi, Henry Mloza-Banda e Weldone Mutai. "Formal education and training for conservation agriculture in Africa." In Conservation agriculture in Africa: climate smart agricultural development, 305–30. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245745.0019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This chapter examines the role of formal education, training and skills development in Conservation Agriculture (CA) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in the context of the region's agricultural transformation systems. It explores nascent literature on potential reforms that include development of CA educational programmes and linkages that are more strategically attuned to national agriculture development aspirations. The chapter highlights theoretical grounds and practical examples for the multi-level strategies with complementary relationships aimed at facilitating systemic CA-related education, training and skills development to accelerate and expand its uptake in Africa. The chapter has advocated educational institutions and the university in particular to orchestrate the CA innovation value chain through 'internal' alignment of actors at institutional level (i.e. intra-organizational mainstreaming). The success of an innovation also depends on its 'external' viability. This was illustrated by proposing inter-organizational mainstreaming and a triple helix model where government and industry, respectively, are the principal actors towards increase in sociotechnical viability of the CA innovation system. There are obvious hurdles related to the interactions and coordination between stakeholders, as well as the integration of value complementarities across the value chain. Probable corrective strategies have been exhaustively interrogated and they are, for instance, manifested through technical and organizational adaptations as they summarize and compare systematically their contributions, arguments, assumptions and limitations in the process of creating and harnessing economies of scope in innovation. There may not be any ideal model for demand-led, CA-related education, training and skills development. A number of strategic options present themselves and, in a dynamic world, all strategies are relatively short-lived but must yield outcomes that contribute to longer-term goals. The educational institutions should find appropriate themes and avenues worthy of support in their own right, and projects that invite collaboration on their own terms.
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Caro-González, A., A. Serra, X. Albala, C. E. Borges, D. Casado-Mansilla, J. Colobrans, E. Iñigo, J. Millard, A. Mugarra-Elorriaga e Renata Petrevska Nechkoska. "The Three MuskEUteers". In Contributions to Management Science, 3–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11065-8_1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractUnder the inspiring and aspiring title: Paving the way for pushing and pursuing a “one for all, all for one” triple transition: social, green, and digital: The Three MuskEUteers, a group of remarkable co-authors and contributors have developed radically new forward-looking visions, principles, approaches, and action recommendations for an attuned indivisible social, green, and digital transition.The triple transition is aimed at helping humanity gather around a life-sustaining purpose, as opposed to life-destroying one in terms of wars of all kinds (military, economic, political, etc.); nature decay and wreckage (carbon footprint, plastic pollution, soil poisoning, etc.); human alienation (favelas, homeless persons, refugee camps, child malnutrition, poverty, exclusion of any kind); and geographic imbalances with empty rural spaces and overcrowded megacities (creating difficult access of rural and/or remote population to care, health, and other essential services; difficulty of urban population to contact with natural environments).The work highlights the urgent need to speed up a third social transition (Within this social transition dimension we understand the socio-cultural scope as any social shift implies a cultural transition and vice versa, with its very deep implications.), in addition to the green and digital transitions more widely recognised by the international community. Innovation, or a European industry-led twin transition aiming for climate neutrality and digital leadership, cannot be supported without a firm, responsive, responsible social and environmental engagement. Neither is it possible to tackle a JUST triple transition which is not firmly rooted in worthwhile human development, underpinned by the Sustainable Development Goals. And none of these transitions can go separately and/or isolated; they all need to intertwine around the notion of (more, firmer, and determined) just transition.European society is presented as a huge “co-laboratory” for this “all for one, one for all” boundaryless triple transition to respond to the urgent radical changes demanded by humanity and by the planet. The chapter proposes a radically new vision to pursue a non-explored transformative way to ideate, design, develop, and deliver science, innovation, and collaboration through experimentation and learning, and throughout multi-stakeholder engagement from the n-helix spectrum. It proposes systemic innovation tactics for the “how” (green, techno-digital), for the strategic “what” (green, social), for the purposeful “why” (green, social), and for the operational “how best” (green, social, techno-digital) within the governing principles of eco-centric society. This encompasses: Courageous goal-aligned alternatives, as a shift to new (yet ancient) principles of eco-centric rather than ego-centric behaviour. The adoption of a “complex system mind-set” to build up dynamic, context-sensitive, and holistic approaches to co-design mission and purpose-driven actions, outcomes, outputs, and no-harm impacts. The ignition of the transformative capacity of all forms of collaboration (international, interdisciplinary, intersectoral, intergenerational, inter-institutional, inter-genders) vs hierarchy as alternative governance and distribution models to overcome the unjust and unsustainable biased status quo within evolving, adaptable, flexible, and transformational n-helix ecosystems. The Three MuskEUteers, deeply anchored in European values (human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, rule of law, and human rights), will pave the way and drive humanity towards the achievement of the ambitious, but achievable, targets of the United Nations 2030 Global Agenda, the Sustainable Development Goals.Europe can be the initiator of co-laboratory experiments where social change drives the “all for one, one for all” dream into transforming this three-prong transition into possible real good ecosystems working.
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Cardoso, H. L. "Virtual Organization Support through Electronic Institutions and Normative Multi-Agent Systems". In Handbook of Research on Nature-Inspired Computing for Economics and Management, 786–805. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-984-7.ch051.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The multi-agent system (MAS) paradigm has become a prominent approach in distributed artificial intelligence. Many real-world applications of MAS require ensuring cooperative outcomes in scenarios populated with self-interested agents. Following this concern, a strong research emphasis has been given recently to normative MAS. A major application area of MAS technology is e-business automation, including the establishment and operation of business relationships and the formation of virtual organizations (VOs). One of the key factors influencing the adoption of agent-based approaches in real-world business scenarios is trust. The concept of an electronic institution (EI) has been proposed as a means to provide a regulated and trustable environment, by enforcing norms of behavior and by providing specific services for smooth inter-operability. This chapter exposes our work towards the development of an agent-based EI providing a virtual normative environment that assists and regulates the creation and operation of VOs through contract-related services. It includes a presentation of the EI framework, knowledge representation structures for norms in contracts, and a description of two main institutional services, namely negotiation mediation and contract monitoring.
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Thorlakson, Lori. "Voter Behaviour". In Multi-Level Democracy, 132–54. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833505.003.0006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
How do party organizational and party system linkages help us understand how voters treat multi-level contexts? It is commonly argued that federal contexts disrupt the accountability mechanism. Do certain institutional designs of federalism affect this? Institutional designs that maximize the autonomy of each level of government should preserve the clarity of responsibility more than institutional designs that create a high degree of interdependence between levels of government. The existence of other forms of political linkage, at the party organizational and party system level, should also affect the emergence of linked political behaviour. This chapter tests whether this prediction holds using aggregate-level electoral data to identify barometer voting and subnational economic voting effects across seven multi-level systems. It then uses individual-level data to more closely examine how and when partisanship serves as a linkage mechanism in the case of Canada.
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Teubner, Gunther. "Idiosyncratic Production Regimes: Co-evolution of Economic and Legal Institutions in the Varieties of Capitalism". In The Evolution of Cultural Entities. British Academy, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197262627.003.0011.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This chapter examines production regimes and their idiosyncracies, with particular reference to the co-evolution of economic and legal institutions in the varieties of capitalism. It first considers two theories that explain the institutional varieties of capitalism, namely, the theory of production regimes and the theory of institutional co-selection. It then looks at the theory of self-organising social systems as well as its critique of the theories of production regimes and co-selection. It also discusses the theory of autopoietic social systems and its emphasis on self-organisation and self-reproduction, together with the multi-polarity and cyclicity of production regimes. The chapter concludes by outlining the main assumptions of autopoiesis theory, focusing on just-in-time contracts in the United States and Germany.
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Marginson, Simon. "High Participation Systems of Higher Education". In High Participation Systems of Higher Education, 3–38. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828877.003.0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The chapter introduces the remarkable worldwide growth of participation in higher education, defines higher and tertiary education, and discusses and critiques the principal explanations for educational growth, from the path-breaking study by Martin Trow of the transition from elite to mass to universal higher education, to institutional theory and economic explanations. After discussing methods of theorization and comparison it introduces the contents of the chapters that follow, delineating key themes explored in the book: the dynamics of growth, driven primarily by family aspirations for betterment, the convergence between higher education and society, the rise of the corporate multi-purpose university (the ‘multiversity’), the meanings of educational massification for individual agency, and social (in)equality.
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Kusakina, Olga, e Anastasia Chaplitskaya. "Human Capital as a Factor of Development of the Rural Economy". In Green Economic Structures in Modern Business and Society, 180–95. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8219-1.ch010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The challenges of the post-industrial stage of development of society dictate the high quality requirements of human capital, which depends on both the level of economic development of the country as a whole and the state of the rural economy. In this chapter, the authors propose a methodological approach to the definition of the index of multiple-factor conditions for human capital development in rural areas. It reflects the vector of long-term development of human capital under the influence of an interlocking system of social, economic, demographic, environmental and institutional factors that manifest themselves at different levels of its formation. An open trend model building of influence multi-level factors system on the development of human capital in the rural economy of the region allows the authors to model the possible directions of human capital development on the basis of experimental calculations and use them in making management decisions by program-target method.
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Li, Jinghan. "Construction and Analysis of Enterprise Innovation Capability Evaluation Model – A Case Study of 30 Listed Companies in Gansu Province". In Modern Management based on Big Data III. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220090.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Listed companies are the backbone of the regional economic growth. The enterprise innovation capability is the ability of the enterprises to integrate the internal and external resources through multi-dimensional innovation activities to improve the enterprise performance and obtain the economic benefits in a short period. This paper constructs the evaluation index system and evaluation model of enterprise innovation ability from three perspectives: technological innovation ability, institutional innovation ability and management innovation ability, and uses the improved AHP method to determine the weight of each index. Based on the data of 30 listed companies in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2020, this paper measures their innovation efforts and suggests the ways to improve their innovation ability.
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Patro, Chandra Sekhar. "Academicians Quality of Work Life and Its Influence on Value of Education". In Knowledge-Intensive Economies and Opportunities for Social, Organizational, and Technological Growth, 311–26. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7347-0.ch016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The value of education is a dynamic and multi-dimensional concept that refers not only to the educational model but also to the institutional mission and its goals, as well as to the specific standards of the system, facility, program, or event. In today's competitive scenario, the academic institutions need to focus explicitly on providing effective and quality education to the students with the help of experienced academicians. The education quality would increase when the faculty members are having a better quality of work life, and this can be possible by providing better welfare conveniences to them by the academic institutions. Welfare amenities enable the staff members to live a quality and more satisfactory life. These facilities also help to keep their motivation levels high. The chapter articulates the existence of quality of work life programs in academic institutions in order to retain valuable faculty members who influence the value of education.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Multi-Institutional Systems – economics"
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Nutsubidze, Tamila, e Khatuna Nutsubidze. "Voluntary Private Pension Reform in Georgia". In Human Capital, Institutions, Economic Growth. Kutaisi University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/c.2023.11.13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The development of voluntary private pension schemes is important for the establishment of a multi-pillar pension system in Georgia. The importance of the voluntary private pension reform is high both for the institutional development of the pension system and for the development of the workforce and the economy as a whole. Although the development of voluntary private pension schemes in Georgia has a potential, these schemes are primarily intended for high-income workers. As a result, low-income workers and other workers who are not involved in the formally organized employment demand more attention. The current demographic trends, the size of the informal sector and the high number of independent / self-employed workers should especially influence the state policy to promote the creation of pension savings by the workers of this category and the establishment of financial protection mechanisms for them. Article in Georgian.
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Patel, Chandrakant, Ratnesh Sharma, Cullen Bash e Sven Graupner. "Energy Aware Grid: Global Workload Placement Based on Energy Efficiency". In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41443.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Computing will be pervasive, and enablers of pervasive computing will be data centers housing computing, networking and storage hardware. The data center of tomorrow is envisaged as one containing thousands of single board computing systems deployed in racks. A data center, with 1000 racks, over 30,000 square feet, would require 10 MW of power to power the computing infrastructure. At this power dissipation, an additional 5 MW would be needed by the cooling resources to remove the dissipated heat. At $100/MWh, the cooling alone would cost $4 million per annum for such a data center. The concept of Computing Grid, based on coordinated resource sharing and problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations, is emerging as the new paradigm in distributed and pervasive computing for scientific as well as commercial applications. We envision a global network of data centers housing an aggregation of computing, networking and storage hardware. The increased compaction of such devices in data centers has created thermal and energy management issues that inhibit sustainability of such a global infrastructure. In this paper, we propose the framework of Energy Aware Grid that will provide a global utility infrastructure explicitly incorporating energy efficiency and thermal management among data centers. Designed around an energy-aware co-allocator, workload placement decisions will be made across the Grid, based on data center energy efficiency coefficients. The coefficient, evaluated by the data center’s resource allocation manager, is a complex function of the data center thermal management infrastructure and the seasonal and diurnal variations. A detailed procedure for implementation of a test case is provided with an estimate of energy savings to justify the economics. An example workload deployment shown in the paper aspires to seek the most energy efficient data center in the global network of data centers. The locality based energy efficiency in a data center is shown to arise from use of ground coupled loops in cold climates to lower ambient temperature for heat rejection e.g. computing and rejecting heat from a data center at nighttime ambient of 20°C. in New Delhi, India while Phoenix, USA is at 45°C. The efficiency in the cooling system in the data center in New Delhi is derived based on lower lift from evaporator to condenser. Besides the obvious advantage due to external ambient, the paper also incorporates techniques that rate the efficiency arising from internal thermo-fluids behavior of a data center in workload placement decision.
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Nitcheva, Olga, Donka Shopova, Albena Vatralova, Veselin Koutev e Polya Dobreva. "STUDY OF THE HYDROLOGICAL, TERRAIN AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS FOR THE DEVASTATING FLOOD AT THE SOUTHERN BLACK SEA COAST OF BULGARIA ON 4-6 SEPTEMBER 2023". In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/3.2/s12.25.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Heavy rainfall in the summer have become more frequent, and when they occur over the coastal region, the cumulative hazardous pressure leads to floods, loss of physical life and socio-economic impact. Such is the disaster due to the floods in Tsarevo at the end of summer 2023. The paper contains a conceptual analysis of hydrological and meteorological conditions, land cover and use, and institutional preparedness to deal with dangerous floods. It is prepared on the basis of the data from Copernicus Land Monitoring Service, NCEP Reanalysis, EFAS�EC (European Flood Awareness System), IMERG�NASA (Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM), national hydro-meteorological measurements and CLM model study. The results of the research show that in addition to severe weather conditions, the human factor has contributed to the disaster situation - inadequate information to the population, problems with the dams around Tsarevo, over urbanization, failures in critical infrastructure maintenance, unavailable public information for surface and groundwater monitoring.
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Hertanu, Codrinleonard. "THE FUTURE JOBS DEVELOPMENT WITHIN DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES EVOLUTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE CHANGE". In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-177.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The contemporary world changes rhythm has reached an unparalleled level, mostly triggered by the conversion of 'technology advance' into 'technology changeover'. Both the disruptive technologies evolution and the metamorphosis given by globalization to the organizational culture have brought many challenges for the future professions development. The prognoses regarding future have represented a constant concern for different social categories over the mankind history. In the contemporary world the forecast of the future is performed in order to meet the growing needs of both the public and private sector, within the extremely competitive global environment, using techniques ranging from mere assessments to multi-criterion computer-based prognoses. Due to the fact that the present world has the tendency to evolve at least exponential, even a ten-year long prognosis is fairly different than the present layout of the contemporary environment in order to bring about a significant study related to the future global outline. The development of the future jobs takes into account, on one hand the detailed diversity and specialization of the present occupations, on the other mostly refers to pinpointing those professions that even though do not exist at the present moment, they will be needed for running different organizations, systems and institutions of the future interconnected and highly technical world. In order to accomplish a high level accuracy assessment of the way in which the future occupations will evolve, we have to bring into discussion those variables that mostly influence the development trend of the nowadays world professions. An entire array of the present studies widely recognize that the progress of the new technologies and, especially of the disruptive ones, will pose one of the most meaningful impact over the way in which the present moment jobs will be transformed. At the present moment, different domains of the latest technologies have been regarded to have an impact, sufficient enough to trigger crucial mutations that irrevocably change the way in which the business environment operates, the consumers' behaviors, and the manner in which both goods and services are produced. While in previous - but still not so far - times these technological achievements had been represented by electricity and automobile as well as television, at the present moment the disruptive feature is retrieved mainly within Connectivity, Internet of Things (IoT) and Blockchain Technology. Importantly, all these evolutions from the technology domain will generate paramount and irrevocable mutations within the organizational culture of the whole types of future institutions. For future professions the fundamental shifts will be retrieved within the essential change of the occupations development paradigm, through moving the center of gravity from the institutional area to that of the employees. One of the main mutations regards the fact that not the corporations or institutions will primarily recruit their personnel, but conversely, the employees will be those to hire them. Besides, not the companies will mainly be the creators of the new types of professions, but the employees will do this. Last but not least, the chief dimension where the overarching events, transactions and social-economical phenomena are going to take place will not be that of the companies and institutions but that quite heterogeneous of the employees.
Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Multi-Institutional Systems – economics"
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Giacometti, Alberto, Mari Wøien Meijer e Hilma Salonen. Who drives green innovation in the Nordic Region? A change agency and systems perspective. Nordregio, marzo 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:101403-2503.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In addressing the critical challenge of systemic sustainability, this report explores the need for more than a one-size-fits-all approach in the Nordic Region. It investigates the role of change agency processes and the impact of policies and framework conditions on green transition changes in business sectors. Our two case studies reveal some of the bottlenecks and drivers of innovation and explore them from a systemic perspective and in different geographic scales, both from a place-based and place-less perspective. The methodology adopted in the report is comprehensive, including a deep dive into the evolution of innovation theory and policy, following by an in-depth analysis of green innovation in two sectoral developments, including multi-storey wood construction and the so-called ‘protein shift’. It examines the roles of different stakeholders, including governments, businesses, and communities, in fostering an environment conducive to systemic change. The report relies on the academic and policy evolution of innovation theory and practice, identifying, what is argued to be, an emerging generation of innovation policies focused not only on economic but also on societal and environmental goals, which has generated a heated debate. To add nuance to this debate, our report utilised sector-based case studies relying on expert interviews to shed light on the roles of different agents in producing, not only technological but systems innovation. Against the background of systems innovations theory, this study provides some insights into the relevance of place, and proximity – not just geographic, but cognitive, institutional, organisational and social proximity. regional innovation landscape. Key findings reveal that systemic green innovations in the Nordic region happen as a result of the sum of multiple actors intentionally and unintentionally driving change in place-based and place-less settings. Several obstacles hinder setting a clear direction to innovation and path creation as these barriers are deeply entrenched in governance complexities, social institutions, and place-based industrial and structural path dependencies. Disrupting technological and systems ‘lock-ins’, is therefore, not the role of single agents but the result of multiple ones acting on a place-based or technology-based setting, and requires enhanced policy frameworks, and entrepreneurial public institutions moving beyond setting the ‘rules-of-the-game’ to actively orchestrating action, mobilising stakeholders and facilitating co-operation. The report emphasizes the significance of knowledge exchange and the creation of trust-based networks to accelerate the adoption of green innovations. It concludes by demonstrating that different green innovations develop under very different conditions and processes.